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Firm Brochure
(Part 2A of Form ADV)
2811 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Suite 840
Coral Gables, FL 33134
Tel. +1 (305) 825-2225
1270 Ave. of the Americas, 7th floor
New York, NY 10028
Tel. +1 (212) 218-5100
March 31, 2025
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of WE Family
Offices, LLC (“WE”). If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure, please contact us
at ted.mccutcheon@wefamilyoffices.com. The information in this Brochure has not been approved
or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities
authority.
WE is a U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission-Registered Investment Adviser. Registration of an
Investment Adviser does not imply any level of skill or training. The oral and written
communications of an Adviser provide you with information about which you determine to hire or
retain an Adviser.
Additional information about WE is available on: our website at www.wefamilyoffices.com and on
the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. You may request a copy of our Brochure by contacting
Santiago Ulloa at Santiago.ulloa@wefamilyoffices.com.
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Item 2 – Material Changes
This Brochure dated March 31, 2025 amends our Form ADV Brochure dated January 27,
2025.
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Item 3 -Table of Contents
Item 2 – Material Changes ................................................................................................................................. 2
Item 3 - Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................. 3
Item 4 – Advisory Business ............................................................................................................................... 4
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation .................................................................................................................... 8
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ................................................ 10
Item 7 – Types of Clients ................................................................................................................................. 11
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ........................................ 11
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information ............................................................................................................... 20
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations......................................................... 20
Item 11 – Code of Ethics ................................................................................................................................ 220
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices ...................................................................................................................... 22
Item 13 – Review of Accounts ....................................................................................................................... 23
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation ........................................................................... 23
Item 15 – Custody .............................................................................................................................................. 24
Item 16 – Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................. 24
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities ............................................................................................................... 25
Item 18 – Financial Information .................................................................................................................. 25
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Item 4 – Advisory Business
Firm Description
WE Family Offices is an award-winning, independent, client fee-only multi-family office. WE
provides strategic wealth advice to more than one hundred ultra-high net worth client
families with assets totaling more than $15 billion. As a strategic wealth advisor, our goal is
to empower our client families to be confident, competent and in control of their wealth. We
are a committed advocate for our clients’ long-term interests. WE has no financial interest
in our clients’ purchases or sales of particular financial or other products or services – our
aim is to offer our clients advice about their wealth that is truly independent. Our core values
are: Loyalty to Clients, Transparency, Passion to Serve, Professionalism, and Integrity.
The firm provides a range of family office services, including investment advice, to our client
families. WE advises our client families based on the concept they should manage their
financial and non-financial assets as a Wealth Enterprise. Our name, WE, is an abbreviation
of Wealth Enterprise. In our experience, the minority of families who are able to successfully
create, grow and enjoy their wealth in the present, and sustain their wealth across multiple
generations, do so because they manage the family’s wealth as a business enterprise. WE
calls this style of management a Wealth Enterprise. Our independent family office advisory
services are designed to help families successfully develop and manage their Wealth
Enterprises. We are on our families’ side, and no one else’s.
Principal Owners of WE
WE is an independent investment adviser registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”)1 and is organized as a limited liability company under the laws of the
State of Florida.
WE Family Offices Holdings, LLC wholly owns WE Family Offices, LLC. Santiago Ulloa, Maria
Elena Lagomasino and Michael Zeuner are the principals of WE Family Offices, LLC and, along
with other partners in the firm, hold an ownership interest in WE Family Offices Holdings,
LLC.
Type of Services
WE provides boutique, customized family office services, including non-discretionary
investment advice, to more than a hundred ultra-high net worth families. Our family office
1 From June of 2000 until August 2007, the registered adviser firm was known as TBK Investments, Inc.
Santiago Ulloa founded TBK Investments Inc. In August 2007, TBK Investments, Inc. was acquired by
GenSpring Holdings Inc. and converted to a limited liability company named GenSpring International, LLC.
Effective August 18, 2011, GenSpring International, LLC officially changed its name to GenSpring Family Offices
International, LLC. As of January 4, 2013, the firm was acquired from GenSpring, established as an independent
adviser firm with new ownership and control, and renamed WE Family Offices LLC.
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advice and services are designed to make our clients confident and in control of the
complexities of their wealth enterprises. WE empowers our client families to successfully
manage their wealth enterprises by providing them with:
• Clearly communicated, actionable, and concise
information, advice, and
recommendations;
• Subject-matter expertise and support across wealth management
disciplines, provided either in-house or through our network of providers;
• Access to high-quality investments and financial services;
• Coordination of clients’ “ecosystems” of professional and financial service
providers to ensure the family’s advisors are focused on their goals; and
• Administrative capabilities to organize and manage the detail and complexity of
UHNW-level wealth, including reporting at the enterprise level.
Our support and advocacy for wealthy families is founded on each of our client relationship
team members’ deep experience working at or with the world’s largest financial institutions,
which gives us the expertise to address our client families’ overall wealth management
needs.
WE provides our clients with information, advice and recommendations about matters
including asset allocation; portfolio construction; financial planning - including family
governance and succession planning; investment manager selection; service provider
selection; service provider fee and expense negotiation; investment transaction verification;
and consolidated asset and investment portfolio reporting. WE does not provide tax, legal
or accounting advice. Each of our clients is served by a team led by a designated Advisor,
and is supported by our in-house investment team, reconciliation group, other subject
matter experts and consultants we have retained to provide us with client-support services,
including investment advice.
As a non-discretionary investment adviser, WE does not have authority to make investment
decisions for our clients. Our clients receive information, advice and recommendations from
WE, but retain the authority and ultimate responsibility for all investment and investment-
related decisions, including securities trades, decisions about particular asset allocations and
portfolio composition, manager selection, and service provider selection.
In addition, WE does not have custody of our clients’ assets. Clients select the custodians of
their assets. WE may recommend a particular “global” or other custodian to our clients, at
their request, but we do not receive any compensation from the custodian or its affiliates for
such recommendations.
Overview of Services
WE’s investment advisory services consist primarily of: (1) assessing client needs and goals;
(2) financial planning designed to meet those goals; (3) developing an appropriate portfolio
asset allocation to achieve the client’s objectives; (4) implementing the asset allocation by
recommending or otherwise assisting in the client’s selection of: (a) particular investment
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strategies (i.e., active, passive, alternative strategies); and (b) specific investment managers
or passive investment vehicles that employ those strategies; and (5) reviewing and
reassessing the client’s needs and goals, their investment portfolios, and (6) repeating the
process on a regular, ongoing basis.
Our investment advisory services begin with a comprehensive assessment of the client’s
financial and other circumstances to understand their needs and goals and their Wealth
Enterprise. WE advises client portfolios in accordance with each client’s investment
objectives, typically taking into consideration factors such as the client’s risk tolerance, time
horizon, tax issues, estate planning, liquidity and cash flow needs, any client-specific
restrictions or constraints, and other relevant information.
According to a client’s needs and goals, WE develops and recommends an appropriate
strategic portfolio asset allocation for the client. On a periodic basis, WE may recommend
tactical changes in those allocations to take advantage of conditions in the current economic
environment. These
typically short-term
tactical asset allocation changes are
underweighting or overweighting (as compared with the strategic allocations) of a particular
asset class or classes and are designed to capitalize on current economic or market trends
and conditions. Depending on a particular client’s needs and goals, or the nature of a
particular tactical tilt, WE may or may not recommend a particular tactical change in that
client’s asset allocation.
WE also recommends investment strategies associated with Values-Aligned Investing which
utilizes traditional financial measures as well as environmental, social and governance
factors into the portfolio management process. It also places importance on both the
financial return and the social and environmental impact of the portfolio. Our process begins
with helping clients define a Values-Aligned strategy that incorporates the client’s values as
well as their overall financial objectives and then continues with portfolio diagnostics,
selective sourcing, deep due diligence, portfolio implementation, continuous monitoring and
finally, bespoke reporting. We also work with clients to align client values to their
philanthropy through foundation investments and grant strategies.
To implement our recommended strategic and tactical asset allocations at the client portfolio
level, WE typically recommends particular strategies in each of the portfolio’s selected asset
classes. To execute these strategies, WE recommends only unaffiliated, third-party
investment managers, funds, and other investments that employ that strategy. Examples of
the kinds of investments WE recommends executing a given strategy include, without
limitation: mutual funds, exchange traded funds, limited partnerships such as hedge funds
or private equity, or managed accounts.
To evaluate the managers and funds WE recommends to our clients, WE employs both
quantitative and qualitative techniques to identify managers, funds and other investments
that are well-suited to our client’s investment and financial objectives.
To the extent a WE client decides to invest with a manager or in a particular fund, those
managers and funds will have their own investment practices. Those investment practices
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are described in each manager or fund’s Form ADV, or in its offering or other disclosure
documents. In addition, selected money managers or funds typically have discretion to
determine the type and amount of securities to be purchased or sold for the client for that
portion of the client’s assets managed by the money manager or fund.
WE does not receive compensation from, or have a sales interest in, any manager, fund or
other investment we recommend.
(Please refer to Item 8 of this Brochure, below, for a more complete description of our
investment advisory services)
Reporting Services
WE also provides consolidated portfolio reporting services for our clients’ Wealth
Enterprises. Clients who request that the Firm report on their investments and assets
receive a customized monthly “global” Consolidated Report. As a convenience to our clients,
in addition to reporting on clients’ financial assets, at a client’s request, the client’s
Consolidated Report may also include certain non-financial assets (e.g., real assets). In such
instances, WE relies on the client to provide current and accurate price or other valuation
information for those assets to be included in the client’s consolidated account report. WE
does not independently verify, and expressly disclaims responsibility for, the accuracy of any
non-financial asset values (including any portfolio performance including those values)
clients provide to us to include in their reporting.
Coordination of Clients’ Service Providers and Other Services
Depending on the needs of each client, services we can provide include:
- helping clients coordinate and manage the range of service providers that provide
services to them;
- helping clients decide which provider to use to execute particular transactions;
-
transaction confirmation and review to ensure clients’ investments were executed
according to any agreed terms and pricing;
investment pricing and transaction fee negotiation;
-
- helping clients work with their wealth planning and structuring professionals, in
single or multiple jurisdictions; and
- advice about family governance and next-generation education.
Wrap Fee Programs
WE does not participate in wrap fee programs.
Client Assets WE Manages
WE provides investment advice to our clients only on a non-discretionary basis. As of
December 31, 2024, client assets WE managed totaled $15,364,800,717. This total includes
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client assets as to which WE has mandates to provide investment advice and family office
services and includes clients’ liquid and illiquid securities; cash and cash equivalents; and
certain of their other assets, including any family operating company interests and real
assets such as real estate.
In addition to these assets under management, WE provides consolidated reporting only for
an additional $2,186,139,866 of assets, so that WE gives investment advice or provides
consolidated reporting on $17,550,940,583 in client assets.
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation
Our clients compensate us for our investment advice and other family office services by
paying us advisory fees.
WE does not receive any compensation based on the
recommendation or sale of securities or other investment products – i.e., transaction-based
compensation. Our advisory fees are generally payable quarterly, in arrears, for the prior
quarter, upon our presentation of an invoice to the client. Our strong preference is for flat
fee compensation arrangements, although a number of our clients, particularly our clients
who signed agreements with one of our predecessor firms, pay us an annual wealth
management fee based on a percentage of the value of the client’s assets under advisement.
See Item 6, below.
Ongoing Family Office Services Mandates
The specific manner in which our clients with whom WE has ongoing family office services
mandates are charged fees is typically established in a written agreement between each
client and WE.
WE clients’ fees are negotiated and determined based on factors such as the overall
complexity of the client’s financial affairs, the nature of the services provided, and other
unique factors. Some WE clients’ fees may differ from the fees in the schedule and range
below.
WE’s current flat fee guidelines are:
1) $200,000 minimum fee;
2) $250,000 to $500,000 for clients with a net worth of $50 million to $250 million;
3) $500,000 to $700,000 for clients with a net worth of $250 million to $500 million;
4) $700,000 to $1,000,000 for clients with a net worth of $500 million to $1 billion; and
5) $1,000,000 and more for clients with a net worth of $1 billion or greater.
Our strong preference is for flat fee compensation arrangements; although, a number of our
clients who signed agreements with one of our predecessor firms, pay us an annual wealth
management fee based on a percentage of the value of the client’s assets under advisement
(“AUA Fees”). These fees typically have ranged from 0.45% to 1.50% of AUA, and generally
decrease as a percentage of AUA as the AUA amount increases. To calculate a client’s annual
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management fees based on the amount of AUA, WE relies on prices and asset values obtained
from a third party wealth management platform – Addepar, Inc. sourced data and other
third-party platforms (i.e. direct feeds) and non-direct feed data that may be obtained, but
not limited to, one or more of: (1) Bloomberg financial information services; (2) reporting
by money managers; (3) periodic account statements of custodians of client’s assets; or (4)
real asset values provided by a client.
Unless otherwise specified in a written investment advisory agreement, for accounts with
advisory fees calculated as a percentage of AUA, WE adjusts the balance of a client’s AUA that
is subject to the percentage fee to account for each significant capital contribution and
withdrawal made during the applicable calendar quarter. Asset pricing used in calculating a
client’s AUA is subject to the reasonable availability of current prices for their assets. For
example, pricing for certain kinds of investments, such as private equity, is often available
only significantly after a given date, such as a quarter- or year-end. In those instances, WE
uses the most recent available pricing for the asset to calculate asset value-based client fees.
Our advisory agreements typically provide that accounts initiated or terminated during a
calendar quarter will be charged a prorated fee based on the number of days the services
were provided during the quarter before termination or after formation. Upon termination
of the advisory relationship between WE and a client, any accrued but unpaid wealth
management fees will be due and payable.
Wealth Enterprise Diagnostic Services
In addition to ongoing family office services mandates, WE also provides services pursuant
to mandates from clients to perform a wealth diagnostic in return for a flat fee, which ranges
from $50,000 to $100,000.
Our wealth diagnostic is a limited or project-based engagement in which we map out a client
family’s current wealth enterprise to develop a series of specific action steps for the family
to address their specific current concerns, and better manage the enterprise over the short
and long terms. The diagnostic process also enables a family to have a “trial run” of the
benefits of engaging WE as their family office. The diagnostic is designed to provide a
powerful set of data and insights into the family’s current wealth picture, and focuses on the
following activities:
• Creating a comprehensive map of a family’s overall wealth enterprise that
includes:
o The family’s assets & liabilities;
o Current investment portfolio diagnostic (asset allocation, performance,
manager quality, fees and expenses, etc.);
o Sources & uses of cash and a liquidity analysis;
o Review of the ownership and decision-making rights in each family wealth
structure;
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o Analysis of current wealth services providers (banks, brokers, asset
managers, insurance, accountants, lawyers, etc.), and fees paid.
• Developing an initial set of strategic goals and objectives (i.e. what’s important to
the family) including an investment policy statement to help set the frame for
decision-making and wealth management on an on-going basis;
• Creating a plan for specific action based on the findings and implications of the
diagnostic, including a proposal to engage WE to provide ongoing family office
services designed to put the client in control of their wealth.
These diagnostic mandates are performed pursuant to a letter agreement with the client
specifying the scope of the services to be provided, the deliverables, and the term of the
project, which is typically three months.
Clients Also Pay Fees Charged by Their Third-Party Service Providers
WE’s advisory fees do not include any fees charged to clients by brokers, money managers,
and other third-party service providers our clients use. These and other providers’ charges
are not included in WE’s advisory fees and are borne separately by the client, to the extent
incurred. WE does not receive any portion of these third-party charges, fees, commissions,
and costs from unaffiliated advisers or other third-party service providers.
These third-party charges include but are not limited to: fees charged by money managers
that provide services to the client; the underlying fees and expenses associated with an
investment in mutual funds, exchange traded funds, or alternative investments; charges
imposed by custodians or brokers, such as commissions, deferred sales charges, odd-lot
differentials, transfer taxes, wire transfer and electronic fund fees, and other fees and taxes
on brokerage and custodian accounts.
Fees charged to WE clients by other advisers and managers depend on several factors,
including the size of investment, trading strategy, and degree of risk. Third-party managers’
fees generally range from 0.10% to 5.00% of assets per annum. In addition, some managers
may charge performance fees of 20% or more on realized or unrealized gains in their
portfolio. Mutual funds and exchange traded funds also charge internal management fees,
which are disclosed in a fund’s prospectus or other disclosure documents.
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Pursuant to the terms of our investment advisory agreement requested by one client, WE is
compensated for our advisory services based on a share of the overall account performance
of all or a portion of client assets we advise on (an “incentive fee”). The terms of this incentive
fee are based on a negotiated arrangement with the client.
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Where the client and WE agree to a performance or incentive fee arrangement, WE expects
that, in addition to the performance fee, the client will also pay “base fees” calculated either
as a flat fee or based on the market value of the client’s AUA.
WE only may enter into incentive-fee arrangements only if requested by the client and the
client meets the definition of a qualified client under Rule 205-3(d)(1), promulgated under
the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (“Advisers Act”). WE will structure
performance or incentive fee arrangements subject to Section 205(a)(1) of the Advisers Act
in accordance with the available exemptions thereunder, including the exemption set forth
in Rule 205-3(d).
Our strong preference is for flat fee compensation arrangements because incentive-based fee
arrangements creates conflicts of interest where WE can potentially receive higher fees from
accounts with a performance-based compensation structure than from those accounts that
pay solely a flat or an asset-based fee, as described in Item 5, above. For example, to earn a
higher fee by increasing the performance of the portfolio of a client who pays a performance-
based fee, WE could recommend riskier investments to the client to boost performance of
the client’s portfolio, which would result in higher compensation to WE.
WE does the following to manage conflicts of interest posed by incentive fee arrangements:
(1) an incentive-fee arrangement occurs only when requested by the client; (2) the client
determines and agrees with WE upon the methodology to calculate an annual performance
fee, usually at the inception of the client agreement, and details of the calculation of any
performance fee are included in the client’s written advisory agreement with WE; and (3)
WE and the client have agreed to a “cap” of the fee which provides that no incremental
portfolio performance above a specified percentage will be subject to any performance fee.
Item 7 – Types of Clients
WE provides, among other family office services, investment advisory services to high net
worth and ultra-high net worth families.
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
WE uses a variety of methods of analysis and investment strategies to provide investment
advisory services to its clients, as set forth in the summary below:
Methods of Analysis & Investment Strategies
Asset Allocation Advice. Asset allocation advice WE provides to our clients is based on a
number of factors. These factors typically include: the client’s investment objectives, risk
tolerances, asset class preferences, time horizons, liquidity needs, expected returns, and an
assessment of current economic and market views expressed by economists, analysts, banks,
and securities firms. The client’s WE Advisor will work with the Client to determine a client’s
investment profile, goals and any unique preferences and will prepare for the Client’s review
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an appropriate proposed asset allocation plan based on that discussion. Our goal is to
recommend a strategic asset allocation with an appropriate balance of expected risk and
expected return, according to the client’s expressed needs and goals.
In developing our asset allocation recommendations, WE typically uses certain risk, return
and correlation assumptions – some of which are provided to us by a consultant - to assess
the expected risk and expected return of different asset mixes over a variety of market
environments. WE recommends a particular asset allocation that reflects our clients’
preferences and goals regarding the balance of expected risk and expected return, most often
focused on returns over the long-term.
Our recommended asset allocations generally are based on forecasted risk and forecasted
return characteristics of various asset mixes, including expected volatility and correlation of
returns, and liquidity. In turn, each of these characteristics is based on underlying
assumptions that are periodically updated and may be reassessed at the time such
assumptions are updated. This process allows us to arrive at allocations which we believe
reasonably project the impact of various market environments on the results sought by
clients. However, much of this analysis is based on long-term forward-looking assumptions
or expectations, and there is no guarantee that these forward- looking assumptions or
expectations – or the client’s investment goals - will be realized.
Generally, we provide advice and recommendations to our clients at the portfolio asset
allocation, asset class, and money manager level, and not with respect to individual company
securities such as individual stocks and bonds.
Strategy Advice. Based on our recommended asset allocation, WE also recommends
exposure to different types of investment strategies within each asset class in the allocation,
such as a recommended mix of active and passive, value and growth, and large mid-, and
small-cap strategies. These recommendations are based on the client’s profile, objectives
and expressed preferences (e.g., risk, expected returns, any expected marginal value of active
management, and fees and expenses).
WE develops and proposes specific managers and investment strategies for each client which
attempt to achieve diversification by investing across asset classes, within asset classes,
across various investment styles, and across global markets. WE generally advises clients to
select among a wide variety of active and passive strategies, paying attention to the costs and
risks contributed by these strategies. WE also helps clients implement the trades we
recommend.
Manager Review, Search and Selection. Our research team considers various investment
managers including, as appropriate, their strategies, levels of service, fees and past
performance. Generally, we review a mixture of quantitative and qualitative information and
analysis to review managers’ organizational stability, investment processes, and historical
performance.
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The qualitative factors WE uses to evaluate third-party money managers typically include
performance record, philosophy, the continuity of management, services to clients,
reputation, minimum dollar investment requirement, and fees. Information with respect to
money managers (e.g., performance figures, investment style, etc.) will be obtained by WE
from the managers themselves, our consultants, tracking organizations, business
publications, or other sources. WE may also consider other criteria including, without
limitation, administrative, compliance, recordkeeping, and other information provided by a
money manager. WE provides recommendations to our clients to add, remove or replace
investment managers.
We maintain an “approved” list of investment managers, including but not limited to, mutual
funds, separate account managers, hedge funds and private partnerships. These approved
managers have been subjected to our research and evaluation process and have been
reviewed and approved by our internal investment committee. The investment committee
is composed of some of the most senior investment professionals in the firm and is chaired
by Santiago Ulloa, WE’s Chief Investment Officer.
Factors that may be considered in our research and evaluation of an investment manager are
investment style, philosophy, and process; quantitative measures including risk, return,
Sharpe ratio correlation, upside and downside capture; qualitative measures include firm
history, pedigree, experience, trading policies, operations and compliance. These processes
typically include phone calls and/or personal or video conference meetings with the
managers, review of due diligence questionnaires and other documentation where available.
We monitor the WE-approved managers on a regular basis, evaluating performance versus
appropriate benchmarks, peer rankings and risk characteristics as well as organizational
changes, asset flows and expenses.
A number of financial institutions typically have custody of our client’s assets. Frequently,
these financial institutions are not able to implement WE’s approved manager or fund
recommendations because they do not transact investments in the particular manager or
fund, WE recommends. Such implementation constraints often are due to the institution’s
favoring its proprietary or affiliated managers or funds, or due to exclusive sales or
distribution agreements the institution has with third-party managers and funds. In this
regard, WE will review, generally at the client’s request, the other investment options
available at such institutions in order to implement the specific asset allocation plan and
strategy we recommend to the client. WE will evaluate the manager and fund options
available at our clients’ custodial financial institutions based on information the client or
custodian institution provides to us, or that is reasonably available to us.
In these circumstances, direction by a client to help them select a manager or fund that is not
WE-approved that is available through a client’s financial institution -e.g., broker-dealer,
private bank, or custodian - may result in higher costs, less favorable investments, or
underperforming investments than might be the case if the client selected the WE
recommended manager or fund. In addition, the scope and nature of the research and
evaluation WE performs on a client’s custodian’s available managers and funds, i.e.,
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Constrained Strategies, is more limited than for WE approved managers and strategies
(unless WE expressly undertakes to perform our customary diligence on a Constrained
Strategy), in part because of the lack of available comprehensive independent analysis of
those particular strategies. Accordingly, with respect to such Constrained Strategies, WE and
the client, who has the investment discretion, rely primarily or solely on the financial
institutions’ diligence and evaluation process leading to a particular institution’s
recommending the manager or fund to its clients and customers.
Risk of Loss. Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to
bear. All investments carry risk of loss and there is no guarantee that any investment
strategy will meet its objective. Depending on the type of security, your account may face
the following investment risks:
Other Funds. WE may recommend a variety of types of funds to our clients (including, but
not limited to, U.S. or offshore unit investment trusts, open-end and closed-end mutual funds
and hedge funds, private equity funds, venture capital funds, advisory accounts, real estate
investment trusts, ETFs, or other private alternative or other investment funds) (collectively,
“Other Funds and Managers”). An investment in such Other Funds and Managers may
present risks peculiar to the particular investment vehicle, such as: long-term illiquidity,
redemption notice periods or other restrictions on redemptions, capital calls, or periodic
taxable income distribution. Please carefully review these Other Funds and Managers’
offering and disclosure documents to better identify and understand such risks.
Management Risk. When an investment adviser provides tailored investment advice to
clients based on its investment skills and analytical abilities, there is a chance that such
investment advice will not be successful or will not meet expectations and that subjective
decisions made in good faith by such investment adviser may cause a client to incur losses
or to miss profit opportunities.
Asset Allocation Risk. Asset allocation risk is the risk that an investment adviser may allocate
or recommend the allocation of a client’s assets to an asset class or mandate that
underperforms other asset classes or mandates. For example, fixed-income securities may
underperform equities at times, and at other times, equities may underperform fixed-income
securities. In addition, some asset classes may be less liquid or provide less protection
against various risks than other asset classes.
Investment and Market Risk. All investment decisions and recommendations are subject to
investment risk, including the possibility that one could lose his or her entire principal
amount. A decision or recommendation to invest in a particular manager or strategy also
may involve market risk, which is the risk that the value of any investment or allocation, like
other market investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly, unpredictably and
possibly outside the range of expectations based on the historical performance of that type
of investment.
Information Risk. When investment advice is based on information received from investment
managers and/or other third parties, there is a chance that such information may be
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materially inaccurate or misleading. In this regard, WE may rely on the accuracy and
completeness of the information provided by managers or other third parties. For example,
WE will not conduct a forensic audit of the investment managers or funds WE recommends.
In addition, given that fraud by its nature involves concealment, WE may not be able to detect
an ongoing fraud perpetrated by an investment manager or securities issuer.
Interest rate risk. Fluctuations in interest rates may cause investment prices to fluctuate.
For example, when interest rates rise, yields on existing bonds become less attractive,
causing their market values to decline.
Inflation risk. The impact of inflation will erode purchasing power over time.
Currency risk. Non-U.S. dollar investments will be subject to the fluctuations in the value of
the dollar against foreign currencies, which is also referred to as exchange rate risk.
Reinvestment risk. This risk is presented when future investments have to be re-invested at
lower rates of return. This typically occurs with fixed income securities and when capital
market expectations are lowered.
Business risk. These risks are associated with a particular industry or a company within an
industry. The performance of the company and/or the industry may carry a higher risk due
to potential reversals in profitability.
Foreign and emerging market security risks. Investments in securities in foreign markets
involve different risks than those risks affecting U.S. issuers. These risks can include the
following: limited public financial information, less local government supervision and
regulation of securities and exchanges, higher brokerage commissions to execute trades,
different income taxation requirements, trade balances and imbalances and related
economic policies, currency exchange rate fluctuations, imposition of exchange control
regulation, withholding taxes, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets, possible
nationalization of assets or industries, political difficulties, and political instability in foreign
nations.
Diversification risk. Portfolios with investments concentrated in one or a few issuers,
industries or sectors may involve more risk than more diversified investments, including the
potential for greater volatility and risk of loss relative to the market as a whole.
Equity Risk. Investments in equity securities generally involve a high degree of risk. Prices
are volatile and market movements are difficult to predict. These price movements may
result from factors affecting individual companies or industries. Price changes may be
temporary or last for extended periods. In addition to, or in spite of, the impact of movements
in the overall stock market, the value of investments may decline if the particular
investments within the portfolio do not perform well in the market. Prices of growth stocks
may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than prices of other stocks.
Prices of stocks may fall or fail to appreciate regardless of movements in securities markets.
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Generally, WE will seek to avoid recommending our clients have exposure to the risk of an
initial public offering. Such investments may pose a significant risk but have the potential for
significant returns.
Economic Risk. The success of client portfolio activities will be affected by general economic
and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, inflation rates,
commodity prices, economic uncertainty, changes in laws, trade barriers, currency
fluctuations and controls, and national and international political circumstances. These
factors may affect the volatility of securities prices and the liquidity of investments in client
portfolios. Such volatility or illiquidity could impair profitability or result in losses.
Extraordinary Events. Global terrorist activity and armed conflicts may negatively affect
general economic fortunes, including sales, profits, and production, and may lead to
depressed securities prices and problems with trading facilities and infrastructure.
Fixed Income Risks. Investments in fixed income securities represent numerous risks such
as credit, interest rate, reinvestment, and prepayment risk, all of which affect their price (i.e.,
value). These risks represent the potential for a large amount of price volatility. In general,
securities with longer maturities are more sensitive to price changes. Additionally, the prices
of high yield, fixed-income securities fluctuate more than high quality debt issues. Prices are
especially sensitive to developments affecting the company’s business and to changes in the
ratings assigned by rating agencies. Prices are often closely linked with the company’s stock
prices. High-yield securities can experience sudden and sharp price swings due to changes
in economic conditions, stock market activity, and large sales by major investors, default, or
other factors. Developments in the credit markets may have a substantial impact on the
companies our clients may invest in and will affect the success of such investments. In the
event of a default, the investment may suffer a partial or total loss.
Increased Regulations. Events and adverse financial results following from the Great
Recession have focused attention upon the necessity to maintain adequate risk controls and
compliance procedures. These events have led to increased governmental and self-
regulatory authority scrutiny of the financial industry. Regulations could adversely impact
profit potential in some of the strategies WE recommends. Please consult each manager,
fund, or other investment’s prospectus or offering materials to identify and better
understand such risks.
Market Liquidity Risks. The value of securities held in client accounts and that are traded on
exchanges and the risks associated with holding these positions vary in response to events
that affect asset markets in general. Market disruptions such as those that occurred in 1987,
September 2001, 2007-08, the Flash Crash in 2010 and 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic
could lead to violent price swings in securities held within client portfolios and could result
in substantial losses.
Small Capitalization Companies. A certain portion of a client’s assets may be invested in
smaller and less established companies. Both debt and equity securities of such issuers tend
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to be more volatile than larger, more established companies. Such volatility could adversely
impact client portfolios.
Large Company Risk. Large cap stocks can perform differently from other segments of the
equity market as a whole. Large capitalization companies may be less flexible in evolving
markets or unable to implement change as quickly as smaller capitalization companies.
Short Sales, Leverage and Derivatives. Short sales, leverage and derivatives all represent
substantial risks given their inherent heightened risk of loss. Leverage and derivatives imply
borrowing capital. When such borrowing is deployed, losses can escalate quickly should
investments suffer even small losses. Short sales involve a finite opportunity for
appreciation, but a theoretically unlimited risk of loss. Short positions are also subject to a
“short squeeze” that could lead to accelerating losses for those short that particular security.
Certain managers, funds or other investments WE may recommend to clients may be subject
to such risk. Please consult the relevant manager or fund’s prospectus or offering materials
for more information about such risks to your investments.
Illiquidity Risk. Alternative investments such as private equity and hedge funds involve
restrictions on liquidity, sometimes for periods of more than ten years, or even indefinitely.
This risk increases as the amount of illiquid investments - i.e., hedge funds, private equity, or
direct investments - in a portfolio increase. It also increases as a client’s cash flow needs or
their actual and potential portfolio liquidity needs increase. In addition to liquidity risk,
these vehicles also carry additional potential risks, including the following:
Transparency Risk. WE and our clients who invest in private funds may be limited in
their ability to monitor the investment activities of private funds. Private fund managers
often limit the information that they disseminate regarding individual fund investments and
are not subject to the same reporting standards applicable to funds that are registered with
the applicable regulatory authorities.
Valuation Risk. WE and private fund investors rely upon the fund’s managers and/or
administrators to private funds to provide accurate valuation information pertaining to
clients’ capital balances. As noted above, investors and WE generally have limited
information regarding the holdings of the private funds in which client accounts are invested
and is normally unable to independently verify or scrutinize valuations provided by the
administrators or managers to these private funds.
Lack of Regulatory Oversight. Private funds typically operate under one or more exemptions
from registration with the applicable regulatory authorities. Additionally, the investment
managers to private funds may also be exempted from registration with the applicable
regulatory authorities. Accordingly, private funds and their managers are often subject to
little, if any, direct scrutiny from any regulatory authority.
Return of Balances Previously Distributed. Under extraordinary circumstances, following a
distribution from a private fund, the client may be required to return all or a portion of the
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proceeds it received from the private fund to such private fund. For instance, if the private
fund later determines that its net asset value was previously misstated, a client may be
required to return the applicable portion of the distributed proceeds to the extent required
by applicable law or the private fund’s organizational or offering documents. Other
circumstances, such as indemnification obligations, could also require a client to return the
proceeds to a private fund.
ESG Investing and Risks. An additional level of scrutiny is added to Values-Aligned Investing
strategies which includes Environmental, Social, and Governance ("ESG") investing and may
be referred to in many different ways, such as sustainable investing, socially responsible
investing, and impact investing. Investment recommendations are generally screened by
managers using ESG criteria through various sources that are available to the managers. The
purpose of the screening is to seek an additional level of risk management and long-term
value by investing in companies that provide a positive impact in the world and avoid
companies that don't take responsibility and care of all stakeholders including shareholders,
communities, environment, and the supply chain. ESG screening has risks including that it
may not encompass all environmental, social or governance issues and that such an
approach may not lead to greater portfolio performance. "ESG Investing" is not defined in
US federal securities laws, may be subjective, and may be defined in different ways by
different managers, advisers, or investors. There is no SEC “rating” or “score” of ESG
investments that could be applied across a broad range of companies and investment funds
or products, and while many different private ratings based on different ESG factors exist,
they often differ significantly from each other. Different managers may weight
environmental, social, and governance factors differently. Some of the data used to compile
third party ESG scores and ratings may be subjective. Other data may be objective in
principle but are not verified or reliable. A manager’s ESG practices may significantly
influence performance. Because securities may be included or excluded in a portfolio based
on ESG factors rather than traditional fundamental analysis or other investment
methodologies, an account's performance may differ (either higher or lower) from the
overall market or comparable accounts that do not employ similar ESG practices. Some
mutual funds or ETFs that consider ESG may have different expense ratios than other funds
that do not consider ESG factors. Paying more in expenses will reduce the value of your
investment over time. ESG investing also incurs risk with regards to regulatory events such
as new or changed regulations U.S. and foreign governments, differentiating regulations
among different states and companies that could be subject to lawsuits and litigations. Such
events could significantly alter portfolio investments.
Cybersecurity and Disaster Recovery Risks. Cyber incidents affecting WE and its various
service providers have the ability to disrupt and impact business operations, potentially
resulting in financial losses, interference with an advisor’s ability to value its client’s
securities or other investments, impediments to trading, the inability to transact business,
violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational
damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs.
Similar adverse consequences could result from cyber incidents affecting issuers of invested
securities, counterparties to transactions, governmental and other regulatory authorities,
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exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance
companies and other financial institutions and other parties. In addition, substantial costs
may be incurred to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While business continuity plans
and risk management systems are designed to prevent and mitigate cyber incidents and
other disasters, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the
possibility that certain risks have not been identified. WE has what we believe are reasonable
cyber security and disaster recovery plans for its operations and also relies on outside
parties for some key operational functions, who in turn may also have reasonable cyber
security and disaster recovery plans, that in the event of a significant cybersecurity
occurrence could nevertheless negatively impact our clients.
Pandemic Risk. In the year 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the global financial markets
went through pervasive and fundamental disruptions that
led to extensive and
unprecedented governmental intervention and regulations. Market disruptions may from
time to time cause dramatic losses for WE’s clients, government intervention in markets may
not occur, and such disruptive events can result in investment strategies, including
otherwise historically low-risk strategies, performing with unprecedented volatility and
risk.
Artificial Intelligence Engines and Machine Learning (collectively “AI”). AI is used as an
umbrella term that encompasses a broad spectrum of different technologies and applications
including computer systems and software programs designed to simulate human
intelligence to perform tasks, such as investment analysis and decision-making, given a set
of human-defined objectives. AI models reach conclusions through reasoning and self-
correct to improve analysis. AI programs may autonomously execute trading decisions or
may assist staff in making trading decisions. AI may include, but is not limited to,
unsupervised machine-learning, supervised machine learning, deep learning, reinforcement
learning, natural language processing, and neural networks. WE may use AI for investment
research or decision process. When relying on AI there are certain risks involved, including
data quality, copyright and trade secret violations, confidentiality breaches, unauthorized
access or malware risks, insider trading, breach of contract, cybersecurity, and privacy law
violations. Data inputs and outputs are assessed and evaluated for data integrity, however,
there is no assurance of accuracy, and your account may be negatively affected.
Russian Invasion of Ukraine. On February 24, 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin
commenced a full-scale invasion of Russia’s pre-positioned forces into Ukraine, including
Russia’s forces pre-positioned in Belarus. In response, the United States, United Kingdom,
and European Union imposed sanctions designed to target the Russian financial system, and
thereafter a number of countries have banned Russian planes from their airspace. The U.S.
and allied countries have recently taken steps to prevent certain Russian banks from
accessing international payment systems and implemented sanctions on certain Russia
exports, including oil and natural gas. Additionally, the U.S. and allied countries have issued
sanctions on certain foreign individuals and national leaders who have supported Russia’s
invasion of the Ukraine, restricting such persons from particular transactions in the U.S. and
allied countries. Further sanctions may be forthcoming. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine related
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cyberattacks, the displacement of persons both within Ukraine and to neighboring countries
and the increasing international sanctions could have a negative impact on various
economies and business activity globally (including in the countries in which the Funds
invest), and therefore could adversely affect the performance of the Funds’ investments.
Furthermore, given the ongoing and evolving nature of the conflict and its ongoing escalation
(such as Russia’s recent decision to place its nuclear forces on high alert and the possibility
of significant cyberwarfare against military and civilian targets globally), it is difficult to
predict the conflict’s ultimate impact on global economic and market conditions, and, as a
result, the situation presents material uncertainty and risk with respect to the Funds and the
performance of their investments or operations, and the ability of the Funds to achieve their
investment objectives.
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
Registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal
or disciplinary events that would be material to your evaluation of WE or the integrity of
WE’s advice. WE has no such information to disclose.
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
In 2024, WE sold all of its ownership interest in Wren Investment Office Limited (“Wren”), a
United Kingdom-based investment adviser firm headquartered in London.
Broker Dealer
No employees are currently registered, or have an application pending to register, as a
broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer.
Futures Commission Merchants, Commodity Pool Operator or Commodity Trading
Advisor
Neither WE nor any of its management persons are registered or have an application
pending to register as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a
commodity trading advisor or an associated person of the foregoing entities.
Item 11 – Code of Ethics
Pursuant to Rule 204A-1 promulgated under the Adviser’s Act, WE has adopted a written
Code of Ethics (“Code”) that sets forth standards of conduct and federal securities law
requirements applicable to all supervised persons as defined in the Advisers Act. Employees
are required to report all Code violations to the Chief Compliance Officer. Code violations
may result in disciplinary action or dismissal.
WE will provide a copy of the Code to any client or prospective client upon request.
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Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Certain officers, members, and employees of WE (“Related Person”), as well as certain of
their relatives, are also clients of WE. WE may recommend to clients, among other things,
securities which WE’s Related Persons also own or intend to purchase or sell. From time to
time, WE’s Related Persons may purchase for themselves securities or other investments
which one or more clients own, previously owned, or will own in the future. WE’s Related
Persons will not knowingly be a counterparty to any purchase or sale of securities from or
to any client (including another Related Person). There may be times when the sale or
purchase of a security for a Related Person may precede, occur at the same time, or follow
the sale or purchase of a security for a client, subject to the overriding principle that the
interests of clients must come before the interests of WE or its Related Persons.
WE makes available to its employees a 401(k)-retirement plan that includes investment
options, such as mutual fund shares or other strategies which WE may also recommend to
clients.
Certain Related Persons of WE are permitted to, and do, buy or sell securities in transactions
not involving a client as a counterparty, including private placements, that WE recommends
to our non-Related Persons clients. Related Persons of WE do not buy or sell such securities
on more favorable terms than our clients, so the firm’s view is that it is aligned, rather than
conflicted with, clients who make similar investments.
To help ensure these situations do not present a potential conflict of interest between WE’s
Related Persons and our clients, WE has adopted procedures relating to personal securities
transactions and insider trading, both of which are described below, that are designed to
prevent actual conflicts of interest.
Restrictions on Personal Securities Transactions
To address conflicts of interest that may arise from the personal trading of WE’s employees,
WE has determined which of its personnel are "Access Persons.” As required by Advisers Act
Rule 204A-1, Access Persons must report to the Chief Compliance Officer their securities
holdings annually and their securities transactions quarterly, subject to limited exceptions.
Our Access Persons must also obtain pre-approval from the Chief Compliance Officer or
another designee to make certain investments, such as investments in private placements
and initial public offerings.
Insider Trading Policy
WE may, from time to time, come into possession of material nonpublic and other
confidential information which, if disclosed, might affect an investor’s decision to buy, sell,
or hold a security. Under applicable law, WE may be prohibited from improperly disclosing
or using such information for its personal benefit or for the benefit of any other person,
regardless of whether such other person is a client to whom WE owes a fiduciary duty.
Accordingly, should WE come into possession of material nonpublic or other confidential
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information with respect to any company, it may be prohibited from communicating such
information to, or using such information for, the benefit of clients. Further, WE shall have
no obligation or responsibility to disclose such information to, nor responsibility to use such
information for, the benefit of clients when following policies and procedures designed to
comply with law.
WE’s Code of Ethics also contains a policy “Statement on Insider Trading,” adopted in
accordance with Advisers Act Section 204A, which establishes a restricted list of securities
and procedures to prevent the misuse of material nonpublic information by supervised
persons. Access persons are prohibited from trading a security on the restricted list, either
personally or on behalf of others, and while in possession of material nonpublic information
about that security, in violation of the law. Any access person who fails to observe the
aforementioned policies risks serious sanctions, including dismissal and personal criminal
and/or civil legal liability.
WE may advise, simultaneously, two different clients’ accounts with substantially the same
holdings and similar objectives, but which do not pay the same amount of fees to WE. WE
may provide different and even, under certain circumstances, opposite, investment advice to
different clients.
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
In general, our clients select their own custodians – i.e., private banks, broker-dealers, or
other qualified custodians. At a client’s request, WE can recommend a custodian to a client.
Our recommendation typically will be for the client to utilize a global custodian with
favorable pricing and an open architecture for selection of investments. WE is not affiliated
with any brokers, dealers, banks, or custodians. WE does not receive any compensation for
such recommendations.
With regard to our clients’ securities trades, our clients retain investment discretion, which
means that WE does not have the authority to determine for the clients’ account the
securities to be bought or sold, the amount of securities to be bought or sold, or to select the
broker or dealer to be used or the commissions paid.
In some cases, WE recommends certain investment managers to handle the day-to-day
investment of client accounts. WE is not affiliated with any investment managers. To the
extent that investment managers recommended by WE purchase securities from other
broker-dealers on which brokerage commissions or sales loads are charged, WE relies upon
the fiduciary responsibility of each of those investment managers to its clients to review such
charges regularly and continuously based on comparative standards that it may regard as
pertinent for the purpose of evaluating the reasonableness of such commissions.
In some cases, at a client’s request, WE negotiates on behalf of a client, fees and charges the
client pays for brokerage, custody and manager’s services.
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“Soft Dollar” or Research/Execution Policy
WE does not pay for any research, research-related products, or other brokerage services on
a soft-dollar basis and maintains no soft-dollar arrangement with any custodian or broker-
dealer. However, WE may receive unsolicited research and other investment or market-
related information that does not increase the cost of trading for its clients. WE does not
track the extent to which any client’s choice of custodian or brokerage services provider may
have resulted in WE’s receipt of incidental research information from any particular
custodian(s) or brokerage firm(s). We does not recommend particular custodians or brokers
to clients to receive such unsolicited research or other information.
As part of our services, WE recommends that clients invest with certain unaffiliated money
managers and funds. Such managers or funds may utilize soft dollars and may have soft-
dollar arrangements and “soft dollar” policies that differ from WE’s practices. Please see the
other managers’ and funds’ Forms ADV, or other disclosure documents, for further relevant
information.
Item 13 – Review of Accounts
In general, given the comprehensive suite of strategic wealth advisory services our client
agreements provide for, WE is in regular contact to advise our clients on an ongoing basis.
In addition to this ongoing interaction, WE-advised client accounts undergo a comprehensive
review on at least an annual basis, and our Advisors typically meet at least quarterly with
each client to review their portfolio. The annual comprehensive review is conducted by the
client’s Advisor in conjunction with the supporting member(s) of the client’s service team,
other specialists at the firm, and senior firm management.
WE’s Consolidated Reports are not intended to replace the statements provided by a client’s
custodian(s) or broker(s), which should be considered a client’s official record for all
pertinent account information. WE’s Reports are directly derived from our clients’
custodians’ statements, and pricing data obtained from pricing services, asset managers or,
in certain instances, from the client, but are presented in a different format and may vary in
content and scope. While WE believes the figures reported in our monthly consolidated
client account statements are accurate, the custodians’ statements are the official record of
the holdings and values of the assets contained therein, and the client should treat those
statements as such.
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
WE has, pursuant to agreements with MdF Family Partners, a Spanish multi-family office, a
provision to share fees paid by certain referred or jointly sourced clients. WE has paid and
received client fees pursuant to these agreements. WE is not currently party to other
solicitation or referral agreements with any other third-party individuals, financial
intermediaries, or others. But the firm does not have a policy against entering other such
agreements and may do so from time to time. The agreements with MdF and any other
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referral agreement shall require that WE comply with applicable regulations regarding
referrals, testimonials or fee sharing. In addition, referral, fee sharing, or other payments by
WE related to client acquisition shall not increase the fees paid to WE by the particular
client(s).
Item 15 – Custody
WE does not take custody of any client assets, is not a qualified custodian, and does not
provide custodial services to its clients. Clients select banks or registered broker-dealers to
provide custody of their assets. In some instances, WE recommends a particular custodian
to clients, but WE does not receive any compensation from the custodian or its affiliates for
doing so.
Clients should receive monthly, quarterly or other periodic statements directly from the
broker-dealer, bank or other qualified custodian that holds and maintains the client’s
financial assets. WE urges clients to review such statements and compare such official
custodial records to the Consolidated Account Report that WE provides to clients monthly,
in most cases. Our reports are, at least in significant part, directly derived from the client’s
custodians’ statements but may vary from the custodial statements in format, content and
scope. As noted above in item 13, the client’s custodians’ statements are their official record
of the holdings and values of the assets contained therein.
Item 16 – Investment Discretion
WE serves solely as a non-discretionary investment adviser to our clients’ accounts. In that
role, the firm is engaged to, among other things, make investment recommendations to its
clients. However, as a non-discretionary investment adviser, WE does not have authority to
make decisions as to whether a particular security is purchased or sold in a client’s account.
That decision, i.e., discretion, remains with the client.
In addition, once a client decides to act on WE’s recommendation, WE does not have
authority to directly execute trades on behalf of the client. However, in many cases, WE
facilitates the administrative aspects of executing our clients’ securities transactions. For
example, if a client decides to execute a trade for their account, WE will often prepare a trade
instruction and provide it to the client, including the relevant trade-related information and
instructions. The client then reviews the details of and signs the trade communication to
authorize the trade (i.e., exercises their investment discretion).
•
In some cases, the client signs the trade instructions and sends it directly to their
respective bank, broker, dealer or other qualified custodian for execution.
•
In other cases, the client signs and sends the executed trade instruction to WE. WE
then forwards, at the client’s direction, the client’s signed trade instruction to the
client’s respective bank, broker, dealer or other qualified custodian for execution.
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Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
As a matter of firm policy and practice, WE does not have any authority to and does not vote
proxies on behalf of our advisory clients. Clients retain the responsibility for voting proxies
for any and all securities maintained in client portfolios. WE may provide information and
advice to clients regarding the clients’ voting of proxies upon the client’s request, but clients
retain the responsibility for voting their proxy.
Item 18 – Financial Information
WE does not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months
or more in advance. WE has not been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding in the past ten
years.
WE does not have discretionary authority over, or custody of, client funds. WE is not aware
of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet our
contractual commitments to our clients.
Other
WE is proud to subscribe to the Institute for the Fiduciary Standard’s Best Practices:
Professional Conduct Standards. Copies of, and additional information about, the Institute
and the Best Practices are available at:
http://www.thefiduciaryinstitute.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/03/BestPracticesMarch152017.pdf
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