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Item 1
Cover Page
Waldron Private Wealth
ADV Part 2A, Firm Brochure
Dated: March 31, 2025
Contact: Mary Keegan, Chief Compliance Officer
44 Abele Road, Suite 400
Bridgeville, Pennsylvania 15017
www.waldronprivatewealth.com
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Waldron
Private Wealth (CRD# 131063) (the “Registrant”). If you have any questions about the contents of
this brochure, please contact us at (412) 221-1005 or mkeegan@waldronpw.com. The information
in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Waldron Private Wealth is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
References herein to Waldron Private Wealth as a “registered investment adviser” or any reference
to being “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Item 2
Material Changes
There has been the following material change to this disclosure Brochure since last year’s Annual
Amendment filing on March 30, 2024.
1. As of January 1, 2025, Waldron underwent a change in ownership and added a new equity owner
– Carmen Joseph Palmieri, Partner & Managing Director of Family Office Services.
Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary Keegan, remains available to address any questions
that a client or prospective client may have about any disclosures and arrangements described in
this ADV Part 2A, Firm Brochure.
Item 3
Table of Contents
Item 1 Cover Page .................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2 Material Changes .......................................................................................................................... 2
Item 3
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 2
Item 4 Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................ 3
Fees and Compensation .............................................................................................................. 10
Item 5
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management .......................................................... 11
Item 6
Item 7
Types of Clients .......................................................................................................................... 11
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ................................................... 12
Item 9 Disciplinary Information ............................................................................................................ 14
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .................................................................. 14
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.............. 15
Item 12 Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................................... 16
Item 13 Review of Accounts .................................................................................................................... 18
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................................. 18
Item 15 Custody ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Item 16
Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................. 21
Item 17 Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................. 21
Item 18 Financial Information ................................................................................................................. 21
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Item 4
Advisory Business
A. Waldron Private Wealth, LLC (the “Registrant”) is a limited liability company, initially
formed as a limited partnership in 2004 in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, as the
result of an entity conversion. The Registrant became registered as an Investment Adviser
in October 2004. The Registrant is principally owned by the Waldron 2008 Family Trust,
with John Waldron, the Registrant’s Managing Member, as Trustee.
As a registered investment adviser subject to Section 206 of the Advisers Act, the
Registrant acts as a fiduciary related to the conduct of its advisory services. As such, the
Registrant has obligations imposed by the federal and state securities laws. For example,
clients have certain rights that cannot be waived or limited by contract. Nothing in the
Registrant’s Wealth Management and Planning Agreement should be interpreted as a
limitation of the firm’s obligations under federal and state securities laws or as a waiver
of any unwaivable rights that each client possesses. As a fiduciary, the Registrant must
act in the best interest of its clients guided by the core duties of loyalty and care. In plain
English, the duty of care means that the Registrant must provide advice that’s in clients’
best interest, seek the best possible execution of transactions and monitor clients’
investments over the course of their relationship with the Registrant. The duty of loyalty
hinges on the Registrant making full and fair disclosure of any conflicts of interest so that
clients can make an informed decision about whether to pay the Registrant to be their
investment adviser. The rest of this document is designed to describe the firm’s policies
and practices for adhering to the duty of care and the duty of loyalty.
B.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES
to 1.50% of
the
total assets placed under
The Registrant provides discretionary and/or non-discretionary investment management
services to clients on a fee basis. The Registrant’s annual investment management fee
shall vary (up
the Registrant’s
management/advisement) and shall be based upon various objective and subjective
factors. See also Fee Differential discussion below.
INVESTMENT CONSULTING/MONITORING
Registrant provides non-discretionary portfolio review/monitoring services on a stand-
alone basis relative to those client assets that are not part of the investment assets subject
to the Registrant’s investment management services discussed above. The terms and
conditions of such an engagement may be set forth in our existing Wealth Management
and Planning Agreement.
These additional client investment assets are generally investment assets that are
managed directly by the client or by other investment professionals engaged by the client.
The Registrant’s portfolio review service is limited to periodic review of information
pertaining to these assets as may be provided to the Registrant by the client, the other
investment professional(s), and/or the account custodian, and does not include
discretionary investment advisory services.
Regardless of whether the Registrant provides the portfolio review/monitoring services as
part of the Wealth Management and Planning Agreement services or on a stand-alone
basis, the client (and/or the investment professionals engaged by the client with respect to
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such assets), and not the Registrant, shall be exclusively responsible for the investment
performance of these assets.
WEALTH PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICES
The Registrant provides financial planning and/or consulting services (including
investment and non-investment related matters, including estate planning, insurance
planning, etc.) on a stand-alone separate fee basis.
Prior to engaging the Registrant to provide planning or consulting services, clients are
generally required to enter into a Wealth Management and Planning Agreement with
Registrant setting forth the terms and conditions of the engagement (including
termination), describing the scope of the services to be provided, and the portion of the
fee that is due from the client prior to Registrant commencing services.
If requested by the client, Registrant may recommend the services of other professionals
for implementation purposes, including certain of the Registrant’s representatives, in their
individual capacities as licensed insurance agents. The client is under no obligation to
engage the services of any such recommended professional. The client retains absolute
discretion over all such implementation decisions and is free to accept or reject any
recommendation from the Registrant.
If the client engages any recommended unaffiliated professional, and a dispute arises
thereafter relative to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from
and against the engaged professional.
It remains the client’s responsibility to promptly notify the Registrant if there is ever any
change in their financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing,
evaluating, or revising Registrant’s previous recommendations and/or services.
MISCELLANEOUS
Limitations of Financial Planning and Non-Investment Consulting/Implementation
Services. As indicated above, to the extent requested by a client, Registrant may provide
financial planning and related consulting services. Neither the Registrant nor its
investment adviser representatives assist clients with the implementation of any financial
plan, unless they have agreed to do so in writing. The Registrant does not monitor a
client’s financial plan, and it is the client’s responsibility to revisit the financial plan with
the Registrant, if desired.
Furthermore, although the Registrant may provide recommendations regarding non-
investment related matters, such as estate planning, tax planning and insurance, the
Registrant does not serve as a law firm, accounting firm, or insurance agency, and no
portion of Registrant’s services should be construed as legal, accounting, or insurance
implementation services. Accordingly, the Registrant does not prepare estate planning
documents, tax returns or sell insurance products.
To the extent requested by a client, Registrant may recommend the services of other
professionals for certain non-investment implementation purposes (i.e. attorneys,
accountants, insurance agents, etc.), including representatives of Registrant in their
separate individual capacities as licensed insurance agents.
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The client is under no obligation to engage the services of any such recommended
professional. The client retains absolute discretion over all such implementation decisions
and is free to accept or reject any recommendation from Registrant and/or its
representatives.
If the client engages any recommended unaffiliated professional, and a dispute arises
thereafter relative to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from
and against the engaged professional.
Family Dynamics, Governance, and Wealth Counseling Service. The Registrant offers
Family Dynamics, Governance and Wealth Counseling services to its clients on a
separate fee basis generally ranging from $5,000 to $50,000 on a project basis (depending
upon the level and scope of the service(s) required and the professional(s) rendering the
services), on hourly rate basis of $500, or for a monthly retainer of approximately $5,000.
The Registrant shall provide this service in conjunction with the Registrant’s engagement
of an unaffiliated industry professional. The terms and conditions, including the scope of
the consulting service and corresponding fee, shall be set forth in writing between the
Registrant and the client.
Independent Managers/Sub-Advisers. The Registrant may also allocate a portion of
client assets by and/or among certain independent investment manager(s) (the
“Independent Manager(s)”), consistent with the stated investment objectives of the client.
The Registrant may also engage sub-advisers to assist it with the management of the
fixed income portfolios for a limited number of client accounts. The Registrant shall
continue to render advisory services to the client relative to the ongoing monitoring and
reviewing of account performance, for which Registrant shall receive an annual advisory
fee which is based upon a percentage of the market value of the assets being managed by
the designated Independent Manager(s) or allocated to the sub-advisers. Factors which
the Registrant shall consider in allocating client assets among Independent Manager(s)
and/or sub-advisers include the client’s stated investment objective(s), management style,
performance, reputation, financial strength, reporting, pricing, and research. The
investment management fees charged by the designated Independent Manager(s) and/or
sub-adviser, together with the fees charged by the corresponding designated broker-
dealer/custodian of the client’s assets, are exclusive of, and in addition to, Registrant’s
investment advisory fee set forth above.
Unaffiliated Private Investment Funds. Registrant may provide investment advice
regarding unaffiliated private investment funds. Registrant, on a non-discretionary basis,
may also recommend that certain qualified clients consider an investment in unaffiliated
private investment funds. Registrant’s role relative to the private investment funds shall
be limited to its initial and ongoing due diligence and investment monitoring services. If
a client determines to become a private fund investor, the amount of assets invested in the
fund(s) shall be included as part of “assets under management” for purposes of Registrant
calculating its investment advisory fee. Registrant’s clients are under absolutely no
obligation to consider or make an investment in a private investment fund(s).
Private investment funds generally involve various risk factors, including, but not limited
to, potential for complete loss of principal, liquidity constraints and lack of transparency,
a complete discussion of which is set forth in each fund’s offering documents, which will
be provided to each client for review and consideration. Unlike liquid investments that a
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client may own, private investment funds do not provide daily liquidity or pricing. Each
prospective client will be required to complete a Subscription Agreement, pursuant to
which the client shall establish that he/she is qualified for investment in the fund and
acknowledges and accepts the various risk factors that are associated with such an
investment.
Valuation
In the event that Registrant references private investment funds owned by the client on
any supplemental account reports prepared by Registrant, the value(s) for all private
investment funds owned by the client shall reflect the most recent valuation provided by
the fund sponsor. If no subsequent valuation post-purchase is provided by the Fund
Sponsor, then the valuation shall reflect the initial purchase price (and/or a value as of a
previous date), or the current value(s) (either the initial purchase price and/or the most
recent valuation provided by the fund sponsor). If the valuation reflects initial purchase
price (and/or a value as of a previous date), the current value(s) (to the extent
ascertainable) could be significantly more or less than original purchase price. The
client’s advisory fee shall be based upon reflected fund value(s). The Registrant’s Chief
Compliance Officer, Mary Keegan, remains available to address any questions regarding
this conflict of interest.
Non-Discretionary Service Limitations. Clients that determine to engage Registrant on
a non-discretionary investment advisory basis must be willing to accept that Registrant
cannot affect any account transactions without obtaining prior consent to such
transaction(s) from the client. Therefore, in the event that Registrant would like to make a
transaction for a client’s account (including in the event of an individual holding or
general market correction), and the client is unavailable, the Registrant will be unable to
affect the account transaction(s) (as it would for its discretionary clients) without first
obtaining the client’s consent.
Use of Mutual and Exchange Traded Funds: Most mutual funds and exchange traded
funds are available directly to the public. Therefore, a prospective client can obtain many
of the funds that may be utilized by Registrant independent of engaging Registrant as an
investment advisor. However, if a prospective client determines to do so, they will not
receive the Registrant’s initial and ongoing investment advisory services.
In addition to Registrant’s investment advisory fee described below, and transaction
and/or custodial fees discussed below, clients will also incur, relative to all mutual fund
and exchange traded fund purchases, charges imposed at the fund level (e.g. management
fees and other fund expenses).
Interval Funds. When consistent with a client’s investment objectives, Registrant may
allocate investment assets to “interval funds.” Investment companies structured as
“interval funds” are generally designed for long-term investors that do not require daily
liquidity. Shares in interval funds typically do not trade on the secondary market. Instead,
their shares are subject to periodic redemption offers by the fund at a price based on net
asset value. Accordingly, interval funds are subject to liquidity constraints. Interval
funds investing in securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations,
derivatives, or securities with substantial market and/or credit risk tend to have the
greatest exposure to liquidity risk. Generally, the interval funds Registrant recommends
offer liquidity during a one-to-two-week period, on a quarterly basis, during which a
client can redeem previously purchased shares. Given the lack of secondary market, the
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infrequent nature of the offers to buy back shares, and liquidity gates (or re-purchase
limits during the quarterly liquidity windows), you should consider the shares of interval
funds to be illiquid. Registrant’s clients are under no obligation to use interval funds and
may restrict the Registrants use of interval funds accordingly.
Portfolio Activity. Registrant has a fiduciary duty to provide services consistent with the
client’s best interest. As part of its investment advisory services, Registrant will review
client portfolios on an ongoing basis to determine if any changes are necessary based
upon various factors, including, but not limited to, investment performance, fund
manager tenure, style drift, account additions/withdrawals, and/or a change in the client’s
investment objective. Based upon these factors, there may be extended periods of time
when Registrant determines that changes to a client’s portfolio are neither necessary nor
prudent. Clients nonetheless remain subject to the fees described in Item 5 below during
periods of account inactivity.
Retirement Investors. The Registrant is a fiduciary under Title I of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) and under the Internal
Revenue Code (“IRC”) with respect to investment management services and investment
advice provided to ERISA plan clients (“Plan Sponsor”) including ERISA plan
participants, IRAs and IRA owners (collectively “Retirement Investors”). The way that
the Registrant makes money creates a conflict of interest so the Registrant must operate
under a special rule that requires the firm to act in clients’ best interest and not put the
firm’s interests ahead of its clients. As such, the Registrant is subject to specific duties
and obligations under ERISA and IRC that include, among other things, prohibited
transaction rules which are intended to prohibit fiduciaries from acting on conflicts of
interest. When a fiduciary gives advice in which it has a conflict of interest, the fiduciary
must either avoid or eliminate the conflict or rely upon a Prohibited Transaction
Exemption (“PTE”). The Registrant has chosen to rely on the PTE (2020-02) as provided
by the Department of Labor.
including
the risks and potential rewards associated with
Retirement Plan Rollovers. When the Registrant recommends a rollover of Retirement
Assets into an IRA or Roth IRA, the firm believes that the “value add” that can be
provided with respect to those assets (described herein), justifies any increased costs
related to the management of the Retirement Assets. Like any other advice provided by
the Registrant, a rollover recommendation is based on the individual client’s needs and
circumstances,
that
recommendation. It should be noted; however, that a conflict of interest arises when the
Registrant recommends to clients that they roll over their Retirement Assets into an IRA
or Roth IRA that is managed by the Registrant. By recommending that a client roll over
retirement plan assets to an IRA, even if there are no costs associated with the IRA
rollover itself, the Registrant is entitled to earn investment management fees on the IRA
account. Investing in a managed IRA with any investment adviser, including the
Registrant, will typically be more expensive than investing through your retirement plan.
Opening a new IRA as a brokerage account will also result in additional charges such as
commission charges and fees charged by the underlying investments (i.e., equity, fixed
income, mutual fund, ETF, etc.). Custodial and trading fees also apply. See Item 5: Fees
and Compensation. In contrast, leaving assets in a retirement plan or rolling the assets to
a plan sponsored by a new employer will likely result in little or no compensation to the
Registrant. Therefore, the Registrant has an incentive to encourage investors to rollover
retirement plan assets into an IRA managed by the Registrant. Investors considering
rolling over assets from a qualified employer-sponsored retirement plan to an IRA should
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review and consider the advantages and disadvantages. A plan participant leaving an
employer typically has four options (and may engage in a combination of these options):
(1) Leave the money in the former employer’s plan, if permitted; (2) Rollover the assets
to a new employer’s plan (if available and rollovers are permitted); (3) Rollover
retirement plan assets to an IRA; or (4) Cash out the retirement plan assets and pay the
required taxes on the distribution. At a minimum, Retirement Investors must consider the
factors regarding the fees and expenses, available investment options, management
and/or advisory services to be provided, availability of penalty-free withdrawals,
protection from creditors and legal judgments, required minimum distributions, and the
ability to place transactions in employer stock. the Registrant encourages clients to
discuss their options and review the above-listed considerations with an accountant, third-
party administrator, investment advisor to their Employer Plan (if available), or legal
counsel. If a client chooses to move forward with a rollover of Retirement Assets into an
account managed by the Registrant, that client must acknowledge the conflicts described
above before any such rollover.
Account Data Aggregation / Reporting Services. Registrant, in conjunction with the
services provided by ByAllAccounts, Inc., eMoney, and Black Diamond may also
provide periodic comprehensive reporting services which can incorporate all of the
client’s investment assets, including those investment assets that are not part of the assets
managed by Registrant (the “Excluded Assets”). The client and/or their other advisors
that maintain trading authority, and not Registrant, shall be exclusively responsible for
the investment performance of the Excluded Assets.
Unless otherwise specifically agreed to, in writing, Registrant’s service relative to the
Excluded Assets is limited to reporting only. The sole exception to the above shall be if
Registrant is specifically engaged to monitor and/or allocate the assets within the client’s
401(k) account maintained away at the custodian directed by the client’s employer. As
such, except with respect to the client’s 401(k) account (if applicable), Registrant does
not maintain any trading authority for the Excluded Assets. Rather, the client and/or the
client’s designated other investment professional(s) maintain supervision, monitoring and
trading authority for the Excluded Assets.
If Registrant were asked to make a recommendation as to any Excluded Assets, the client
is under no obligation to accept the recommendation, and Registrant shall not be
responsible for any implementation error (timing, trading, etc.) relative to the Excluded
Assets. In the event the client desires that Registrant provide investment management
services for the Excluded Assets, the client may engage the Registrant to do so pursuant
to the terms and conditions of the Wealth Management and Planning Agreement between
Registrant and the client.
Socially Responsible Investing Limitations. Socially Responsible Investing involves
the incorporation of Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG” considerations into
the investment due diligence process. There are potential limitations associated with
allocating a portion of an investment portfolio in ESG securities (i.e., securities that have
a mandate to avoid, when possible, investments in such products as alcohol, tobacco,
firearms, oil drilling, gambling, etc.). The number of these securities may be limited
when compared to those that do not maintain such a mandate. ESG securities could
underperform broad market indices. Investors must accept these limitations, including
potential for underperformance. Correspondingly, the number of ESG mutual funds and
exchange traded funds are limited when compared to those that do not maintain such a
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mandate. As with any type of investment (including any investment and/or investment
strategies recommended and/or undertaken by Registrant), there can be no assurance that
investment in ESG securities or funds will be profitable or prove successful.
Cryptocurrency. For clients who want exposure to cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin,
the Registrant, will advise the client to consider a potential investment in corresponding
exchange traded securities, or an allocation to separate account managers and/or private
funds that provide cryptocurrency exposure. Crypto is a digital currency that can be used
to buy goods and services but uses an online ledger with strong cryptography (i.e., a
method of protecting information and communications through the use of codes) to
secure online transactions. Unlike conventional currencies issued by a monetary
authority, cryptocurrencies are generally not controlled or regulated, and their price is
determined by the supply and demand of their market. Because cryptocurrency is
currently considered to be a speculative investment, the Registrant will not exercise
discretionary authority to purchase a cryptocurrency investment for client accounts.
Rather, a client must expressly authorize the purchase of the cryptocurrency investment.
The Registrant does not recommend or advocate the purchase of, or investment in,
cryptocurrencies. The Registrant considers such an investment to be speculative. Clients
who authorize the purchase of a cryptocurrency investment must be prepared for the
potential for liquidity constraints, extreme price volatility and complete loss of principal.
(there being no guarantee
that
Cash Positions. Registrant treats cash as an asset class. As such, unless determined to
the contrary by the Registrant, all cash positions (money markets, etc.) shall be included
as part of assets under management for purposes of calculating Registrant’s advisory
fee. At any specific point in time, depending upon perceived or anticipated market
conditions/events
such anticipated market
conditions/events will occur), Registrant may maintain cash positions for defensive
purposes. In addition, while assets are maintained in cash, such amounts could miss
market advances. Depending upon current yields, at any point in time, Registrant’s
advisory fee could exceed the interest paid by the client’s money market fund.
Client Obligations. In performing its services, Registrant shall not be required to verify
any information received from the client or from the client’s other designated
professionals, and is expressly authorized to rely thereon. Moreover, each client is
advised that it remains their responsibility to promptly notify Registrant if there is ever
any change in their financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of
reviewing, evaluating or revising Registrant’s previous recommendations and/or services.
Disclosure Statement. A copy of Registrant’s written disclosure statement and Client
Relationship Summary, as set forth on Part 2 of Form ADV and Form CRS respectively,
shall be provided to each client prior to, or contemporaneously with, the execution of the
Wealth Management and Planning Agreement.
to providing
investment advisory services, an
C. The Registrant shall provide investment advisory services specific to the needs of each
client. Prior
investment adviser
representative will ascertain each client’s investment objective(s). Thereafter, the
Registrant shall allocate and/or recommend that the client allocate investment assets
consistent with the designated investment objective(s). The client may, at any time,
impose reasonable restrictions, in writing, on the Registrant’s services.
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D. Registrant does not offer a wrap fee program for its investment advisory services.
E. As of December 31, 2024, the Registrant had $4,337,133,694 in assets under
management on a discretionary basis, and $179,848,756 on a non-discretionary basis for
a total of $4,516,982,450.
Item 5
Fees and Compensation
A.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES
The Registrant’s annual investment management fee shall vary (up to 1.50% of the total
assets placed under the Registrant’s management/advisement) and shall be based upon
various objective and subjective factors, including, but not limited to, the amount of the
assets placed under the Registrant’s direct management, the amount of the assets placed
under the Registrant’s advisement (assets that are generally managed directly by the
client or by other investment professionals engaged by the client, for which the Registrant
provides review/monitoring services, but does not have trading authority – See
Investment Consulting/Monitoring discussion below), the complexity of the engagement,
and the level and scope of the overall investment advisory services to be rendered.
Fee Differentials. As a result, similarly situated clients could pay diverse fees, and the
services to be provided by the Registrant to any particular client could be available from
other advisers at lower fees.
INVESTMENT CONSULTING/MONITORING
Registrant provides non-discretionary portfolio review/monitoring services on a stand-
alone basis relative to those client assets that are not part of the investment assets subject
to the Registrant’s investment management services discussed above.
The Registrant shall price these services based upon various objective and subjective
factors. As a result, Registrant’s clients could pay diverse fees based upon the market
value of their assets, the complexity of the engagement, and the level and scope of the
overall investment advisory and/or consulting services to be rendered. Furthermore, the
services to be provided by the Registrant to any particular client could be available from
other advisers at lower fees.
WEALTH PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICES
The Registrant provides financial planning and/or consulting services (including
investment and non-investment related matters, including estate planning, insurance
planning, etc.) on a stand-alone separate fee basis. Registrant’s planning and consulting
fees are negotiable, but generally range from $2,000 to $250,000 on a fixed fee basis, and
from $75.00 to $500.00 on an hourly rate basis, depending upon the level and scope of
the service(s) required and the professional(s) rendering the service(s).
The Registrant has arrangements with certain third-party insurance brokers (the
“Brokers”) under which the Brokers assist our clients with regulated insurance sales
activity. Waldron receives compensation in the form of referral fees or commission
sharing arrangements from certain third-party insurance brokers, including NFP
10
Insurance Solutions and Henderson Brothers, Inc., from serving our clients. Further
information on this service is available in Item 10 of this Brochure.
B. The Registrant’s advisory and wealth planning and consulting fees shall be deducted
from the Client’s custodial account. Both Registrant’s Wealth Management and Planning
Agreement and the custodial/clearing agreement may authorize the custodian to debit the
account for the amount of the Registrant’s investment advisory fee and to directly remit
that management fee to the Registrant in compliance with regulatory procedures. In the
limited event that the Registrant bills the client directly, payment is due upon receipt of
the Registrant’s invoice. The Registrant shall deduct fees and/or bill clients quarterly in
advance, based upon the market value of the assets on the last business day of the
previous quarter.
the Registrant shall generally recommend
C. As discussed below, unless the client directs otherwise or an individual client’s
circumstances require,
that Fidelity
Investments, LLC (“Fidelity”), Charles Schwab Advisory Services (“Schwab”) and/or
National Advisors Holdings, Inc. (“NATC”) serve as the broker-dealer/custodian for
client investment management assets. Broker-dealers such as Fidelity and Schwab charge
brokerage commissions and/or
transaction fees for effecting certain securities
transactions. In addition to Registrant’s investment management fee, brokerage
commissions and/or transaction fees, clients will also incur, relative to all mutual fund
and exchange traded fund purchases, charges imposed at the fund level (e.g. management
fees and other fund expenses).
D. Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee shall be prorated and paid quarterly, in
advance, based upon the value of the assets on the last business day of the previous
quarter. The Registrant relies on a third-party service to calculate its advisory fees. This
service incorporates the value of any accrued interest due to the account at the time of
account valuation.
The Wealth Management and Planning Agreement between the Registrant and the client
will continue in effect until terminated by either party by written notice in accordance
with the terms of the Wealth Management and Planning Agreement. Upon termination,
the Registrant shall refund the pro-rated portion of the advanced advisory fee paid based
upon the number of days remaining in the billing quarter.
E. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives accept compensation from the sale of
securities or other investment products.
Item 6
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Neither the Registrant nor any supervised person of the Registrant accepts performance-
based fees.
Item 7
Types of Clients
The Registrant’s clients shall generally include individuals, business entities, pension and
profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates and charitable organizations. The Registrant does not
generally require an annual minimum fee. The Registrant may reduce its investment
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management fee based upon certain criteria (i.e. anticipated future earning capacity,
anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be managed, related
accounts, account composition, negotiations with client, etc.).
Item 8
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
A. The Registrant may utilize the following methods of security analysis:
• Fundamental - (analysis performed on historical and present data, with the goal
of making financial forecasts)
The Registrant may utilize the following investment strategies when implementing
investment advice given to clients:
• Long-Term Purchases (securities held at least a year)
• Short-Term Purchases (securities sold within a year)
Registrant’s investment strategies are primarily driven by two components: allocation and
behavior. In this context, Registrant’s goal is to construct investment allocations that will
achieve client investment objectives after careful consideration of: time horizon, tax
status, cash flow, risk aversion, and related concerns. Registrant works with its clients to
set strategic asset allocation policies of the six main asset classes: domestic equity,
international equity, alternatives, real assets, fixed income, and cash. After establishing
strategic allocations, Registrant creates the sub-asset allocations. Registrant then seeks to
select the most appropriate external, independent investment managers to manage each
component of its clients’ allocations. Registrant monitors its clients’ accounts regularly
and rebalances the accounts when it deems appropriate.
Investment Risk. Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be
prepared to bear. Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, and it
should not be assumed that future performance of any specific investment or investment
strategy (including the investments and/or investment strategies recommended or
undertaken by the Registrant) will be profitable or equal any specific performance
level(s).
Investors generally face the following types of investment risks:
•
Interest-rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may cause investment prices to
fluctuate. For example, when interest rates rise, yields on existing bonds become
less attractive, causing their market values to decline.
• Market Risk: The price of a security, bond, or mutual fund may drop in reaction to
tangible and intangible events and conditions. This type of risk may be caused by
external factors independent of the fund’s specific investments as well as due to the
fund’s specific investments. Additionally, each security’s price will fluctuate based
on market movement and emotion, which may, or may not be due to the security’s
operations or changes in its true value. For example, political, economic and social
conditions may trigger market events which are temporarily negative, or
temporarily positive.
•
Inflation Risk: When any type of inflation is present, a dollar today will not buy as
much as a dollar next year, because purchasing power is eroding at the rate of
inflation.
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•
Reinvestment Risk: This is the risk that future proceeds from investments may
have to be reinvested at a potentially lower rate of return (i.e. interest rate). This
primarily relates to fixed income securities.
•
Liquidity Risk: Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash.
Generally, assets are more liquid if many traders are interested in a standardized
product. For example, Treasury Bills are highly liquid, while real estate properties
are not.
•
Financial Risk: Excessive borrowing to finance a business’ operations increases
the risk of profitability, because the company must meet the terms of its obligations
in good times and bad. During periods of financial stress, the inability to meet loan
obligations may result in bankruptcy and/or a declining market value.
B. The Registrant’s methods of analysis and investment strategies do not present any
significant or unusual risks. However, every method of analysis has its own inherent
risks. To perform an accurate market analysis the Registrant must have access to
current/new market information. The Registrant has no control over the dissemination
rate of market information; therefore, unbeknownst to the Registrant, certain analyses
may be compiled with outdated market information, severely limiting the value of the
Registrant’s analysis. Furthermore, an accurate market analysis can only produce a
forecast of the direction of market values. There can be no assurances that a forecasted
change in market value will materialize into actionable and/or profitable investment
opportunities.
The Registrant’s primary investment strategies, Long-Term Purchases and/or Short-Term
Purchases are fundamental investment strategies. However, every investment strategy has
its own inherent risks and limitations. For example, longer-term investment strategies
require a longer investment time period to allow for the strategy to potentially develop.
Shorter-term investment strategies require a shorter investment time period to potentially
develop but, as a result of more frequent trading, may incur higher transactional costs
when compared to a longer term investment strategy.
Without limiting the above, when consistent with client investment objectives as a
replacement for high yield bonds and to gain additional portfolio diversification, the
Registrant may also allocate a portion of client investment assets to mutual funds
comprised mainly of catastrophe bonds. These mutual funds invest the majority of their
assets to event-linked securities tied to natural events (i.e. hurricanes, tornadoes,
earthquakes). In the event one or more catastrophes related to these mutual funds
transpire, the funds could incur substantial losses resulting in adverse account
performance, thereby creating potentially significant and unusual risks to clients.
Further, as indicated in Item 4 above, Registrant may provide investment advice
regarding unaffiliated private investment funds. Private investment funds generally
involve various risk factors, including, but not limited to, potential for complete loss of
principal, liquidity constraints and lack of transparency, a complete discussion of which
is set forth in each fund’s offering documents, which will be provided to each client for
review and consideration.
Borrowing Against Assets/Risks. A client who has a need to borrow funds, could
determine to do so by using:
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• Margin-The account custodian lends money to the client. The custodian charges the
client interest for the right to borrow money, and uses the assets in the client’s
brokerage account as collateral; and,
• Pledged Assets Loan- In consideration for a lender (i.e., a bank, etc.) to make a loan
to the client, the client pledges its investment assets held at the account custodian as
collateral.
The above-collateralized loans are generally utilized because they provide favorable
interest rates. These types of loans can assist with a pending home purchase, permit the
retirement of more expensive debt, or enable borrowing in lieu of liquidating existing
account positions and incurring capital gains taxes. However, such loans are not without
potential material risk to the client’s investment assets. The lender (i.e. custodian, bank,
etc.) will have recourse against the client’s investment assets in the event of loan default
or if the assets fall below a certain level. For this reason, the Registrant does not
recommend such borrowing unless it is for specific short-term purposes (i.e. a bridge loan
to purchase a new residence). The Registrant does not recommend such borrowing for
investment purposes (i.e. to invest borrowed funds in the market). Regardless, if the
client were to determine to utilize margin or a pledged assets loan, the following potential
economic benefits could inure to the Registrant:
• by taking the loan rather than liquidating assets in the client’s account, Registrant
•
•
continues to earn a fee on such Account assets; and,
if the client invests any portion of the loan proceeds in an account to be managed by
Registrant, Registrant will receive an advisory fee on the invested amount; and,
if Registrant’s advisory fee is based upon the higher margined account value,
Registrant will earn a correspondingly higher advisory fee. This could provide
Registrant with a disincentive to encourage the client to discontinue the use of
margin.
The Client must accept the above risks and potential corresponding consequences
associated with the use of margin or a pledged assets loans.
C. Currently, the Registrant primarily allocates client investment assets among various,
mutual funds, and/or exchange traded funds, alternative investments and Independent
Manager(s) on a discretionary basis in accordance with the client’s designated
investment objective(s).
Item 9
Disciplinary Information
The Registrant has not been the subject of any disciplinary actions.
Item 10
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application
pending to register, as a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer.
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B. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application
pending to register, as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a
commodity trading advisor, or a representative of the foregoing.
C. Licensed Insurance Agents. The Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer and certain of the
Registrant’s representatives, in their individual capacities, are licensed insurance agents,
and may recommend the purchase of certain insurance-related products on a commission
basis. Clients can engage these individuals to effect insurance transactions on a
commission basis.
to purchase any
Conflict of Interest: The recommendation by Registrant’s representatives that a client
purchase an insurance commission product presents a conflict of interest, as the receipt of
commissions provides an incentive to recommend insurance products based on
commissions received, rather than on a particular client’s need. No client is under any
obligation
insurance commission products from Registrant’s
representatives. Clients are reminded that they may purchase insurance products
recommended by Registrant through other, non-affiliated licensed insurance agents. The
Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary Keegan, remains available to address
any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above
conflicts of interest.
D. The Registrant does not recommend or select other investment advisors for its clients
from which the Registrant receives compensation.
Item 11
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
A. The Registrant maintains an investment policy relative to personal securities transactions.
This investment policy is part of Registrant’s overall Code of Ethics, which serves to
establish a standard of business conduct for all of Registrant’s Representatives that is
based upon fundamental principles of openness, integrity, honesty and trust, a copy of
which is available upon request.
In accordance with Section 204A of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Registrant
also maintains and enforces written policies reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of
material non-public information by the Registrant or any person associated with the
Registrant.
B. Neither the Registrant nor any related person of Registrant recommends, buys, or sells for
client accounts, securities in which the Registrant or any related person of Registrant has
a material financial interest.
C. The Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant may buy or sell securities that are
also recommended to clients. This practice may create a situation where the Registrant
and/or representatives of the Registrant are in a position to materially benefit from the
sale or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this situation creates a conflict of interest.
Practices such as “scalping” (i.e., a practice whereby the owner of shares of a security
recommends that security for investment and then immediately sells it at a profit upon the
rise in the market price which follows the recommendation) could take place if the
Registrant did not have adequate policies in place to detect such activities. In addition,
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this requirement can help detect insider trading, “front-running” (i.e., personal trades
executed prior to those of the Registrant’s clients) and other potentially abusive practices.
The Registrant has a personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the
personal securities transactions and securities holdings of each of the Registrant’s
“Access Persons”. The Registrant’s securities transaction policy requires that an Access
Person of the Registrant must provide the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee
with a written report of their current securities holdings within ten (10) days after
becoming an Access Person. Additionally, each Access Person must provide the Chief
Compliance Officer or his/her designee with a written report of the Access Person’s
current securities holdings at least once each twelve (12) month period thereafter on a
date the Registrant selects; provided, however that at any time that the Registrant has
only one Access Person, he or she shall not be required to submit any securities report
described above.
D. The Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant buy or sell securities, at or around
the same time as those securities are recommended to clients. This practice creates a
situation where the Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant are in a position to
materially benefit from the sale or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this situation
creates a conflict of interest. As indicated above in Item 11.C, the Registrant has a
personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the personal securities
transaction and securities holdings of each of Registrant’s Access Persons.
Item 12
Brokerage Practices
A. In the event that the client requests that the Registrant recommend a broker-
dealer/custodian for execution and/or custodial services (exclusive of those clients that
may direct the Registrant to use a specific broker-dealer/custodian), Registrant generally
recommends that investment management accounts be maintained at Fidelity, Schwab,
and/or NATC. Prior to engaging Registrant to provide investment management services,
the client will be required to enter into a formal Wealth Management and Planning
Agreement with Registrant setting forth the terms and conditions under which Registrant
shall manage the client’s assets, and a separate custodial/clearing agreement with each
designated broker-dealer/ custodian.
transaction where
in good
faith,
that
Factors that the Registrant considers in recommending Fidelity, Schwab, and/or NATC
(or any other broker-dealer/custodian to clients) include historical relationship with the
Registrant, financial strength, reputation, execution capabilities, pricing, research, and
service. Although the commissions and/or transaction fees paid by Registrant’s clients
shall comply with the Registrant’s duty to seek best execution, a client may pay a
commission that is higher than another qualified broker-dealer might charge to effect the
same
the
the Registrant determines,
commission/transaction fee is reasonable. In seeking best execution, the determinative
factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the best
qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a broker-dealer’s
services, including the value of research provided, execution capability, commission
rates, and responsiveness. Accordingly, although Registrant will seek competitive rates, it
may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for client account
transactions. The brokerage commissions or transaction fees charged by the designated
broker-dealer/custodian are exclusive of, and in addition to, Registrant’s investment
management fee. The Registrant’s best execution responsibility is qualified if securities
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that it purchases for client accounts are mutual funds that trade at net asset value as
determined at the daily market close.
1. Non-Soft Dollar Research and Additional Benefits
Although not a material consideration when determining whether to recommend that
a client utilize the services of a particular broker-dealer/custodian, Registrant may
receive from Fidelity, Schwab, and/or NATC (or another broker-dealer/custodian,
investment platform, unaffiliated investment manager, mutual fund sponsor, or
vendor) without cost (and/or at a discount) support services (trading, custody,
reporting, and related services), and/or products, certain of which assist the
Registrant to better monitor and service client accounts maintained at such
institutions, many of which are not typically available to retail customers. However,
certain retail investors may be able to get institutional brokerage services from
broker-dealer/custodians without going through the Registrant. Fidelity, Schwab,
and/or NATC also make available various support services. Some of those services
help the Registrant manage or administer clients’ accounts, while others help the
Registrant manage and grow its business. Included within the support services that
may be obtained by the Registrant may be investment-related research, pricing
information and market data, software and other technology that provide access to
client account data, compliance and/or practice management-related publications,
discounted or gratis consulting services, discounted and/or gratis attendance at
conferences, meetings, and other educational and/or social events, marketing support,
computer hardware and/or software and/or other products used by Registrant in
furtherance of its investment advisory business operations.
There is no corresponding commitment made by the Registrant to Fidelity, Schwab,
and/or NATC or any other entity to invest any specific amount or percentage of client
assets in any specific mutual funds, securities or other investment products as a result
of the above arrangement.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary Keegan, remains available to
address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the
above arrangement and any corresponding conflict of interest presented.
2. The Registrant does not generally accept directed brokerage arrangements (when a
client requires that account transactions be effected through a specific broker-dealer).
In such client directed arrangements, the client will negotiate terms and arrangements
for their account with that broker-dealer, and Registrant will not seek better execution
services or prices from other broker-dealers or be able to “batch” the client’s
transactions for execution through other broker-dealers with orders for other accounts
managed by Registrant. As a result, client may pay higher commissions or other
transaction costs or greater spreads, or receive less favorable net prices, on
transactions for the account than would otherwise be the case.
In the event that the client directs Registrant to effect securities transactions for the
client’s accounts through a specific broker-dealer, the client correspondingly
acknowledges that such direction may cause the accounts to incur higher
commissions or transaction costs than the accounts would otherwise incur had the
client determined to effect account transactions through alternative clearing
arrangements that may be available through Registrant. Higher transaction costs
adversely impact account performance.
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Transactions for directed accounts will generally be executed following the execution
of portfolio transactions for non-directed accounts.
B. To the extent that the Registrant provides investment management services to its clients,
the transactions for each client account generally will be effected independently, unless
the Registrant decides to purchase or sell the same securities for several clients at
approximately the same time. The Registrant may (but is not obligated to) combine or
“bunch” such orders to seek best execution, to negotiate more favorable commission
rates, or to allocate equitably among the Registrant’s clients differences in prices and
commissions or other transaction costs that might have been obtained had such orders
been placed independently. Under this procedure, transactions will be averaged as to
price and will be allocated among clients in proportion to the purchase and sale orders
placed for each client account on any given day. The Registrant shall not receive any
additional compensation or remuneration as a result of such aggregation.
Item 13
Review of Accounts
A. For those clients to whom Registrant provides investment supervisory services, account
reviews are conducted on a quarterly basis by the Registrant’s Principal and/or
representatives. All investment supervisory clients are advised that it remains their
responsibility to advise the Registrant of any changes in their investment objectives
and/or financial situation. All clients (in person or via telephone) are encouraged to
review financial planning issues (to the extent applicable), investment objectives and
account performance with the Registrant on an annual basis.
B. The Registrant may conduct account reviews on an other than periodic basis upon the
occurrence of a triggering event, such as a change in client investment objectives and/or
financial situation, market corrections and client request.
C. Clients are provided, at least quarterly, with written transaction confirmation notices and
regular written summary account statements directly from the broker-dealer/custodian
and/or program sponsor for the client accounts. The Registrant may also provide a written
periodic report summarizing account activity and performance.
Item 14
Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. As referenced in Item 12.A.1 above, the Registrant receives economic benefits from
Fidelity, Schwab, and/or NATC including support services and/or products without cost
(and/or at a discount).The Registrant benefits from the products and services provided
because the cost of these services would otherwise be borne directly by the Registrant,
and this creates a conflict. You should consider these conflicts of interest when selecting
a custodian. These products and services, how they benefit the Registrant, and the related
conflicts of interest are described above (see Item 12—Brokerage Practices). There is no
corresponding commitment made by the Registrant to Fidelity, Schwab, and/or NATC or
any other entity to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any
specific mutual funds, securities or other investment products as a result of the above
arrangement.
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Additional Benefits
Registrant has received from NFP Insurance Solutions (“NFP”), certain additional
economic benefits (“Additional Benefits”) that may or may not be offered to the
Registrant again in the future. Specifically, the Additional Benefits include monetary
assistance toward software training, research and marketing related expenses. The
Registrant has no expectation that these Additional Benefits will be offered again;
however, the Registrant reserves the right to negotiate for these Additional Benefits in the
future. NFP provides the Additional Benefits to Registrant in its sole discretion and at its
own expense, and neither the Registrant nor its clients pay any fees to NFP for the
Additional Benefits. The Registrant is under no obligation to engage or recommend the
services of NFP.
The Registrant also receives Additional Benefits in the form of referral fees for property
and casualty insurance policies and life insurance policies sold by NFP to Clients referred
by the Registrant. To order to accept this referral fee, which is a percentage of the
commissions received by NFP, Waldron Private Wealth registered as a resident producer
with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Insurance Department, as of February 15, 2023.
Waldron Private Wealth’s lines of authority include accident and health, casualty and
allied lines, life and fixed annuities, property, and allied lines. The Registrant is under no
obligation to engage or recommend the services of NFP.
In addition, the Registrant also received a one-time commission share payment from
Henderson Brothers, Inc. for referring a client. Subsequent to the one-time payment, the
Registrant entered into an agreement with Henderson Brokers to receive Additional
Benefits in the form of referral fees for life insurance policies sold by Henderson
Brothers to Clients referred by the Registrant. The Registrant is under no obligation to
engage or recommend the services of Henderson Brothers, Inc.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary Keegan, remains available to
address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the
above arrangement and any corresponding conflict of interest presented.
B. If a client is introduced to the Registrant by either an unaffiliated or an affiliated
promoter, Registrant may pay that promoter a referral fee in accordance with the
requirements of Rule 206(4)-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and any
corresponding state securities law requirements. Any such referral fee shall be paid solely
from the Registrant’s investment management fee and shall not result in any additional
charge to the client.
In addition to the aforementioned compensation arrangements, the Registrant does
receive an economic benefit from individual(s), that are our client(s), for providing
testimonials however, we do not directly or indirectly compensate these clients. These
client testimonials help us to obtain new clients.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary Keegan, remains available to
address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the
above arrangement and any corresponding conflict of interest presented.
Registrant may also receive additional services which may include products and services.
Without this arrangement, Registrant might be compelled to purchase the same or similar
services at its own expense.
19
the
transaction represents
the best qualitative execution,
taking
As a result of receiving such services for no additional cost, Registrant may have an
incentive to continue to use or expand the use of Fidelity’s services. Registrant examined
this potential conflict of interest when it chose to enter into the Agreement with Fidelity
and has determined that the relationship is in the best interests of Registrant’s clients and
satisfies its client obligations, including its duty to seek best execution. A client may pay
a commission that is higher than another qualified broker-dealer might charge to effect
the same transaction where the Registrant determines in good faith that the commission is
reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services received. In
seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but
whether
into
consideration the full range of a broker-dealers services, including the value of research
provided, execution capability, commission rates, and responsiveness. Accordingly,
although Registrant will seek competitive rates, to the benefit of all clients, it may not
necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for specific client transactions.
Although the investment research products and services that may be obtained by
Registrant will generally be used to service all of Registrant’s clients, a brokerage
commission paid by a specific client may be used to pay for research that is not used in
managing that specific client’s account. Registrant and Fidelity are not affiliates, and no
broker-dealer affiliated with Registrant is involved in the relationship between Registrant
and Fidelity.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer remains available to address any
questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding custody-related
issues.
Item 15
Custody
The Registrant shall have the ability to have its advisory fee for each client debited by the
custodian. Clients are provided, at least quarterly, with written transaction confirmation
notices and regular written summary account statements directly from the broker-
dealer/custodian and/or program sponsor for the client accounts. The Registrant may also
provide a written periodic report summarizing account activity and performance.
To the extent that the Registrant provides clients with periodic account statements or
reports, the client is urged to compare any statement or report provided by the Registrant
with the account statements received from the account custodian.
The account custodian does not verify the accuracy of the Registrant’s advisory fee
calculation.
The Registrant also engages in other practices and/or services on behalf of its clients that
require disclosure at ADV Part 1, Item 9. Some of such practices and/or services are
subject to an annual surprise CPA examination in accordance with the requirements of
Rule 206(4)-2 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer remains available to address any
questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding custody-related
issues.
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Item 16
Investment Discretion
The client can determine whether to engage the Registrant to provide investment advisory
services on a discretionary basis. Prior to the Registrant assuming discretionary authority
over a client’s account, the client shall be required to execute a Wealth Management and
Planning Agreement, naming the Registrant as the client’s attorney and agent in fact,
granting the Registrant full authority to buy, sell, or otherwise effect investment
transactions involving the assets in the client’s name found in the discretionary account.
Clients who engage the Registrant on a discretionary basis may, at any time, impose
restrictions, in writing, on the Registrant’s discretionary authority. (i.e. limit the
types/amounts of particular securities purchased for their account, exclude the ability to
purchase securities with an inverse relationship to the market, limit or proscribe the
Registrant’s use of margin, etc.).
Item 17
Voting Client Securities
A. Except for assets managed by independent investment managers (for which the
independent investment managers shall generally retain proxy voting responsibility),
clients maintain exclusive responsibility for: (1) directing the manner in which proxies
solicited by issuers of securities beneficially owned by the client shall be voted, and (2)
making all elections relative to any mergers, acquisitions, tender offers, bankruptcy
proceedings or other type events pertaining to the client’s investment assets. The
Registrant and/or the client shall correspondingly instruct each custodian of the assets to
forward to the client copies of all proxies and shareholder communications relating to the
client’s investment assets.
B. Clients will receive their proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodian.
Clients may contact the Registrant to discuss any questions they may have with a
particular solicitation.
Item 18
Financial Information
A. The Registrant does not solicit fees of more than $1,200, per client, six months or more in
advance.
B. The Registrant is unaware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its
ability to meet its contractual commitments relating to its discretionary authority over
certain client accounts.
C. The Registrant has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary Keegan, remains available to
address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the
above disclosures and arrangements.
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