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Item 1. Cover Page
FORM ADV PART 2A
DISCLOSURE BROCHURE
March 2025
Turim 21 Investimentos Ltda.
Rua Major Rubens Vaz 236
Rio De Janeiro Brazil
(55) 21 2259 8015
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Turim 21
Investimentos LTDA. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact
us at compliance@turimbr.com. The information in this brochure has not been approved or
verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state
securities authority.
Turim 21 Investimentos LTDA is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. Registration
with the SEC simply means that Turim 21 Investimentos LTDA is authorized to provide investment
advisory services and does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Additional information about Turim 21 Investimentos LTDA is also available on the SEC’s website
at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Turim 21 Investimentos LTDA
March 2025
Item 2. Material Changes
We have had no material changes since our last annual filing in March 2024.
You can request a copy of our current Brochure at any time, which will be provided to you free
of charge. If you would like to request a copy of our current Brochure, please contact
the Compliance Department at the number listed on the cover page of this Brochure.
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Item 3. Table of Contents
Item 1. Cover Page ......................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2. Material Changes ............................................................................................................... 2
Item 3. Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... 3
Item 4. Advisory Business .............................................................................................................. 4
Item 5. Fees and Compensation .................................................................................................... 5
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ................................................. 7
Item 7. Types of Clients .................................................................................................................. 8
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss .......................................... 9
Item 9. Disciplinary Information .................................................................................................. 14
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ....................................................... 15
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions, Personal Trading ....... 16
Item 12. Brokerage Practices ....................................................................................................... 18
Item 13. Review of Accounts ....................................................................................................... 22
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................... 23
Item 15. Custody .......................................................................................................................... 24
Item 16. Investment Discretion ................................................................................................... 25
Item 17. Voting Client Securities .................................................................................................. 26
Item 18. Financial Information ..................................................................................................... 27
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Item 4. Advisory Business
Turim 21 Investimentos LTDA (“Turim” or “the Firm”) was established in Brazil in December
2000 and is registered to provide investment advisory services by the Brazilian Securities and
Exchange Commission (CVM). Turim is an associate of the Brazilian Financial and Capital
Markets Association (ANBIMA), a self-regulatory organization.
Turim’s main investment focus is global and diverse discretionary management of clients' assets
with a goal of wealth preservation. Turim has an investment management team with broad
expertise in discretionary allocation and management of resources and securities. The Firm also
provides investment advisory services to venture capital funds (“the VC Funds”).
Turim provides investment advice in diverse asset classes including fixed income, equity, and
both registered and non-registered investment funds. The Firm retains a broad mandate to
invest in other asset classes as well.
The principal owner of Turim is Gustavo Braga Marini.
Turim tailors its advisory services according to its clients’ individual needs, objectives and risk
profile. Clients are permitted to impose specific restrictions on investing in certain types of
securities.
As of December 31, 2024, Turim has regulatory assets under management of approximately
$5.23 billion on a discretionary basis.
It should be noted that $14.68 million of the regulatory assets under management noted above
are attributable to US investors.
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Item 5. Fees and Compensation
Management fees for accounts other than the VC Funds are calculated as a percentage of each
client’s assets under management and are invoiced or debited to the client account either
monthly or semiannually in arrears as per the individual client’s investment management
agreement. Turim’s usual management fee ranges from 0.40% to 0.55%. However, exceptions
can occur due to volume under management per client and it will then vary between 0.10% to
0.80%. Performance fees as described below will usually range from 10% to 15%. However,
exceptions can occur due to volume under management per client and it can range from 7.5%
to 20%. Please refer to the investment management agreement for details regarding the
relevant fees charged. Fees are negotiable.
For the VC Funds, the Firm will charge an annual management fee that ranges from 0.5% to
0.75% based on contributed capital. The fee is paid quarterly in advance. The fee will only be
charged to investors who are not currently clients of the Firm. No management fee will be
charged by the VC Funds to investors who are clients of the Firm (fees are charged to current
clients at the portfolio level). For more information regarding such fees, please refer to the
offering documents for the VC Funds.
Performance Fees for accounts other than the VC Funds:
In addition to management fees, clients will also pay performance fees which are charged
semiannually in arrears as a percentage of the client’s net portfolio performance over a
negotiated hurdle rate, subject to a high-water mark.
In addition to the performance fees referenced above, the Firm will also charge a performance
fee for certain private equity investments made on behalf of clients. The performance fee
charged is subject to the following:
1.
The performance fee is due only after the client has received distributions from the
investment that exceeds the sum of:
a. the contributed capital
b. the calculated hurdle rate, if applicable; and
c. underlying management fees paid for the investment
2.
The performance fee for each private equity investment is calculated separately
without regard to the performance of any other private equity fund’s performance.
Carried Interest for the VC Funds:
Affiliates of the Firm will be entitled to additional compensation in the form of a carried interest
based on certain realization events in the VC Funds. The amount of such carried interest will up
to 16% of profits on realization events. For more information regarding such fees, please refer
to the offering documents for the VC Funds.
The Firm may also provide financial planning services which are included as a service as part of
the management fees paid by the client.
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Other Fees and Expenses
Fees Charged to clients in Addition to the Fees Listed Above:
1. Brokerage Commissions and Other Transaction and Third-Party Fees: Clients will pay all
brokerage commissions, custodial fees and service charges, stock transfer fees and other
similar charges incurred in connection with transactions for the client’s account. In
addition, the client could be subject to:
a. Wire transfer and electronic fund fees;
b. Fees for odd-lot differentials;
c. Other fees and taxes related to brokerage accounts; and
d. Other charges as required by law.
These charges will generally be paid out of the client’s assets held with the custodian and
are in addition to the investment advisory fee paid to the Firm. For further information
on brokerage relationships, please refer to Item 12 of this brochure.
For investments in mutual funds and exchange traded funds, clients could incur additional
charges imposed by third parties, including, but not limited to, the following:
a. Mutual fund sales fees and sub transfer fees;
b.
Internal management fees and administrative expenses for mutual funds and
exchange traded funds that are disclosed in the fund prospectus; and
c. Mutual fund transaction fees and mutual fund short term redemption fees, if
applicable.
2. Fund Investments: Clients invested in certain VC Funds and third-party investment
vehicles, including private funds ("Investment Funds") can expect to be charged
management fees, performance fees and certain administrative expenses by the third-
party Investment Fund manager. All these fees are in addition to the fees disclosed above.
Fund management fees charged by third party Investment Fund managers generally range
from 1% to 3% annually. Depending on the terms of each Investment Fund, performance
fees typically range from 10% to 30% of the annual net profits, subject to certain
limitations. All fees and administrative expenses are disclosed in the offering documents
that clients receive for each Investment Fund. In addition, each Investment Fund requires
clients to meet specific qualifications in order to invest.
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Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Turim and its investment personnel provide investment management services to multiple
portfolios for multiple clients. As noted in Item 5, Turim or an affiliate could be paid
performance-based compensation by its clients. Certain of Turim’s investment personnel are
compensated on a basis that includes an indirect performance-based component. In addition,
certain client accounts may have higher asset-based fees or performance-based compensation
arrangements than other accounts.
Accordingly, Turim and its investment personnel have a financial incentive, and face a conflict
of interest, to favor client accounts that pay Turim (and indirectly the investment personnel)
higher performance-based compensation and advisory fees. In addition, Turim will receive
performance-based compensation on unrealized appreciation which could result in Turim and
investment personnel receiving greater performance-based compensation than is the case
when net appreciation is based only on realized gains. Performance-based compensation could
encourage Turim to overvalue assets, invest in higher risk assets, or in the case of the VC Funds,
direct clients to invest in the VC Funds, when other similar investments may be more suitable in
order to increase the amount of its performance-based compensation.
Conflict Mitigation
1. Turim discloses to all underlying investors the potential conflicts described above;
2. Turim is mindful of the investment objectives of the Funds or the VC Fund and has a
process in place to monitor compliance with formal investment guidelines and informal
risk management guidelines implemented by the Firm; and
3. Turim has adopted policies and procedures that require employees to act in the best
interests of clients and investors at all times.
To the extent that the amount of an investment opportunity available at a particular time is less
than the total target amount for all of Turim’s clients, clients will be allocated to all eligible
accounts under the following guidelines:
1. The Firm will allocate all limited investment opportunities on a pro rata basis based
upon the relative proportion of such limited investment opportunity in the target
portfolio within the eligible account.
2. In cases where the allocation to the Firm is so small that it is not practicable to allocate
on a pro-rata basis, the Firm will then allocate on a basis that in its judgment is fair and
equitable.
Investment allocations are monitored by Turim’s Chief Compliance Officer, and Turim reviews
investment allocations for the purpose of ensuring that Turim is adhering to its allocation
policy. The performance of similarly managed accounts is reviewed and unexplained significant
discrepancies are resolved.
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Item 7. Types of Clients
Turim’s clients consist of primarily high net worth families. The Firm also advises the VC Funds.
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Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
The investment policy follows a top-down decision process that identifies globally the
economies and industry sectors from those economies with highest potential for performance
through macroeconomics, political and institutional analysis.
The second step is to focus on the investment product analysis as well as the best instruments
that will benefit from this scenario. The investment analysis is both quantitative and qualitative.
Investments are made mainly in fixed income, equities, investment funds and private equity,
although there is no restriction for investments in other type of assets depending on the market
scenario and tactical opportunities.
The allocation of the portfolios depends on client’s objectives, risk profile, preferences and
restrictions. Client’s portfolios may have different types of risk exposure, depending on their
structure and on the securities they hold. The list below intends to contain explanations of the
various, but not all, types of investment risks that may be applicable to the client. Clients should
be aware that other risks may also be relevant to their investments from time to time.
GENERAL INVESTMENTS RISK FACTORS
Risk of Loss
No guarantee or representation is made that the investment program, including without
limitation, the client’s investment objective, diversification strategies or risk monitoring goals,
will be successful. Investment results could vary substantially over time. No assurance can be
made that profits will be achieved or that substantial or complete losses will not be incurred.
Asset Allocation Risk
Some investments are subject to an actively managed asset allocation approach. Such
investments could experience losses if the Firm’s judgment about markets, future volatility,
interest rates, industries, sectors and regions or the attractiveness, relative values, liquidity,
effectiveness or potential appreciation of particular investments made for a portfolio prove to
be incorrect. The Firm’s allocation of assets among different asset classes, underlying funds and
direct investments may not prove beneficial in light of subsequent market events. There can be
no guarantee that the investment techniques or the Firm’s investment decisions will produce
the desired results. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the
investment techniques available to the Firm in connection with managing the portfolio and may
also adversely affect the ability of the investor to achieve its investment goals.
General Economic and Market Conditions Risks
The success of the investments can be affected by general economic and market conditions,
such as interest rates, availability of credit, credit defaults, inflation rates, economic
uncertainty, changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation of the investments), trade
barriers, currency exchange controls, and national and international political circumstances
(including wars, terrorist acts or security operations). These factors may affect the level and
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volatility of financial instruments’ prices and the liquidity of the investments. Volatility or
illiquidity could impair the investments profitability or result in losses.
Volatility Risk
The prices of the instruments may be subject to periods of volatility. Price movements are
influenced by many unpredictable factors, such as market sentiment, inflation rates, interest
rate movements and general economic and political conditions.
Concentration Risk
Some clients may have holdings in a relatively limited number of issuers/funds by virtue of
being relatively small in size, so the smaller number of holdings is simply a result of the funds
not having sufficiently large net asset values to invest efficiently in more issuers or funds. By
being less diversified, such portfolios may be more volatile than broadly diversified ones or may
be exposed to greater risk since under performance of one or a few positions will have a
greater impact.
Liquidity Risks
Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. Also, illiquid
securities may become harder to value especially in changing markets. Investments in illiquid
securities may reduce the returns of the portfolio because it may be unable to sell the illiquid
securities at an advantageous time or price which could prevent the investor from taking
advantage of other investment opportunities. Clients with principal investment strategies that
involve foreign securities, derivatives or securities with substantial market and/or credit risk
tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. Additionally, the market for certain
investments may become illiquid under adverse market or economic conditions independent of
any specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer.
Finally, liquidity risk also refers to the risk of unusual high redemption requests or other
unusual market conditions that may make it difficult for an investment manager to fully honor
redemption requests within the allowable time period. Meeting such redemption requests
could require the investment manager to sell securities at reduced prices or under unfavorable
conditions, which would incur in losses for the client’s portfolio.
Custody Risk
Assets are safe kept by the custodian and Investors are exposed to the risk of the custodian not
being able to fully meet its obligation to provide restitution in a short time frame of all the
assets in the case of bankruptcy of the custodian. The assets will be identified in the custodian’s
books as belonging to the Investor. Securities and debt obligations (including loan assignments
and loan participations) held by the custodian will be segregated from other assets of the
custodian which mitigates but does not exclude the risk of non-restitution in case of
bankruptcy. However, no such segregation applies to cash which increases the risk of non-
restitution in case of bankruptcy. Usually, the custodian does not keep all the assets of the
Investor itself but uses a network of sub-custodians which are not part of the same group of
companies as the custodian. Clients are also exposed to the risk of bankruptcy of the sub-
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custodians. Clients may invest in markets where custodial and/or settlement systems are not
fully developed.
Counterparty Risk
The client will be exposed to a credit risk on parties with whom it trades and will also bear the
risk of settlement default. Market practices in relation to the settlement of certain securities
transactions and the custody of assets could provide increased risks.
Foreign Exchange Risks
The client may invest a portion of its capital in foreign securities. As a result, income or losses
may be affected by fluctuations in the rates of exchange between the U.S. dollar and the
foreign currencies of the countries in which the client holds investments. The investment
manager may or may not hedge the currency risks of the investor for significant investment
transactions denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed income securities, dividend-paying equity securities and
other instruments in an investor’s portfolio will decline in value because of an increase in
interest rates. As nominal interest rates rise, the value of those securities is likely to decrease.
Securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, usually
making them more volatile than securities with shorter durations. Interest rate changes can be
sudden and unpredictable, and the portfolio could lose money as a result of movements in
interest rates. The investment manager may not be able to hedge against changes in interest
rates or may choose not to do so for cost or other reasons. In addition, any hedges may not
work as intended.
A wide variety of factors can cause interest rates to rise (e.g., monetary policies, inflation rates,
general economic conditions, etc.). This is especially true under economic conditions where
interest rates are at low levels. Thus, clients that invest in fixed income securities may face a
heightened level of interest rate risk.
Credit Risk
Credit risk, a fundamental risk relating to all fixed income securities as well as money market
instruments, is the chance that an issuer will fail to make principal and interest payments when
due. Issuers with higher credit risk typically offer higher yields for this added risk. Conversely,
issuers with lower credit risk typically offer lower yields. Generally, government securities are
considered to be the safest in terms of credit risk, while corporate debt, especially those with
poorer credit ratings, have the highest credit risk. Changes in the financial condition of an
issuer, changes in economic and political conditions in general, or changes in economic and
political conditions specific to an issuer (particularly a sovereign or supranational issuer), are all
factors that may have an adverse impact on an issuer’s credit quality and security values.
Related to credit risk is the risk of downgrade by a rating agency. Rating agencies such as
Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch, among others, provide ratings for a wide array of fixed
income securities (corporate, sovereign, or supranational) which are based on their
creditworthiness. The agencies may change their ratings from time to time due to financial,
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economic, political, or other factors, which, if the change represents a downgrade, can
adversely impact the value of the affected securities.
Derivative Instruments Risk
Investments in futures and options are considered “derivative” investments. A small investment
in derivatives could have a potentially significant impact on performance. The use of derivatives
involves risks different from or possibly greater than the risks associated with investing directly
in the underlying assets. Derivatives can be highly volatile, illiquid and difficult to value. There is
the risk that the hedging technique will fail if changes in the value of a derivative held do not
correlate with the portfolio securities being hedged.
Margin Borrowing
The use of short-term margin borrowings may result in certain additional risks to a client. For
example, if securities pledged to brokers to secure a client's margin accounts decline in value,
the client could be subject to a "margin call", pursuant to which it must either deposit
additional funds with the broker or be the subject of mandatory liquidation of the pledged
securities to compensate for the decline in value
Funds Related Risk
Suspension of Redemption Rights
Funds may at any time suspend investors’ redemption rights for many reasons such as:
• Any market in which a substantial portion of the fund investments are being
traded is closed (other than customary holidays or weekends) or is subject to
significant trading restriction or suspension.
• The fund is unable to sell or redeem portfolio securities to fund the
redemption(s) due to contractual or regulatory prohibitions on such sale.
• The sale by the fund of its portfolio securities to fund the redemption(s) would
seriously prejudice the interests of the non-redeeming investors.
• Any breakdown in the means of communication normally used in determining
the price or value of a substantial portion of the fund investments, or of current
prices on any such market, or when such prices or values cannot be promptly
and accurately ascertained.
•
In exceptional situations, the investment fund may make a capital call to pay for
eventual damages or to provide the liquidation of the fund.
Venture Capital and Private Equity Investment Risks
Long Term Nature of Portfolio Investments Risk
There may be a significant period of time before the investor has completed its investment
program. Investments may take several years from the date of initial investment to reach a
state of maturity when realization of the investment can be achieved. Losses on unsuccessful
investments may be realized before gains on successful investments are realized. The return of
capital and the realization of gains, if any, will generally occur only upon the partial or complete
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disposition of an investment. While an investment may be sold at any time, it is not generally
expected that this will occur for a number of years after the initial investment. Prior to such
time, there often will be no current return on the investments.
Illiquidity of the Investment Risk
Limited partner interests are highly illiquid, have no public market and are not transferable
except with the consent of the General Partner. There will be no public market for the interests
in the investment, and none is expected to develop. Withdrawals are generally not permitted,
although in certain circumstances it may be entitled, or required, to withdraw from the
investment for tax, legal, regulatory or similar considerations.
Other Risks
The above summary of risks does not purport to be an exhaustive list of all the risk factors
relating to investments in general. Various other risks may apply. Investors should also carefully
consider their investment horizon and income necessity.
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Item 9. Disciplinary Information
Turim and its employees have not been involved in any legal or disciplinary events that would be
material to a client’s evaluation of Turim or its personnel.
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Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Principals of Turim are also owners of a consulting firm, Turim UK Limited based in the United
Kingdom. In late 2023, Turim UK withdrew its license to act as an investment advisor in the UK.
Turim UK provides consulting services in asset and financial administration, business advisory,
coordination of accounting services and tax services and complementary activities.
Similarly, an affiliate of the Firm, Turim Serviços provides consulting services in asset and
financial planning, business advisory, coordination of accounting services and tax services and
complementary activities, including activities related to the consolidation client statements.
Another affiliate of the Firm, Turim Advisory, provides consulting services related to securities
and/or other subjects, such as financial or macroeconomic consulting.
As noted above, affiliates of Turim act as the general partners of the VC Funds. Conflicts
regarding investments made in the VC Funds are described in Item 6 above.
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Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions, Personal Trading
A. Summary of Code of Ethics
Turim maintains a Code of Ethics (the "Code") that describes its fiduciary duty to its clients and
sets standards for business conduct. The following is a summary of the key provisions of the Code:
Scope - The Code covers all directors, officers, partners, employees, and any other persons who
are under the Firm’s supervision and control.
Fiduciary Duties - This Code is based on the principle that Advisors and its employees owe a
fiduciary duty to the Firm’s clients. Accordingly, the Firm and its employees must avoid activities,
interests, and relationships that might interfere or appear to interfere with making decisions in
the best interests of the Firm’s clients.
Personal Securities Trading - All employees and certain employees of affiliates who are deemed
access persons are subject to certain trading restrictions. Such restrictions could include those
related to transactions in securities held or to be held by clients of the Firm. In addition, such
access persons must report their personal securities transactions quarterly and personal
securities holdings annually.
Code of Conduct - The Code contains specific topics designed to reflect the Firm’s commitment
to ethical conduct. These topics include compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, gifts,
outside activities, entertainment and board directorships. The Firm also maintains insider trading
policies and procedures.
Code Violations - The Code requires that all employees report any actual or apparent violation
of the Code and provides for a prohibition on retaliation against any person who reports such
violations. Appropriate sanctions are included for Code violations.
B. Transactions with Clients
Turim recommends that certain qualified clients invest in the VC Funds. This presents a
potential conflict since Turim’s affiliates could receive performance-based compensation
related to certain liquidity events of the Funds. Turim has procedures in place to monitor
compliance with client investment guidelines and to ensure that any investment
recommendation is in the best interests of the client.
C.
Investing in the Same Securities as Clients
We permit our employees to trade in the same securities as those held by clients. Potential
conflicts arise when employees buy or sell the same securities we buy or sell for clients. For
instance, if employees have knowledge of pending client trades that could impact the market
price of a security, they could time their transactions so as to receive a better price than that of
the clients. Our policy is, with the exception of open-end mutual funds, to closely monitor
employee personal trading to ensure that such employees do not profit at the expense of
clients.
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Generally, the Firm requires that employees obtain pre-clearance before directly or indirectly
acquiring a beneficial ownership in equity securities. Aside from trades in their status as our
clients, employees are not permitted to participate in aggregated trades with client accounts.
You can receive a copy of the Firm’s Code and its personal securities trading policy by contacting
its Compliance Department at compliance@turimbr.com.
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Item 12. Brokerage Practices
Selection of Broker/Custodian
For separately managed accounts, we generally recommend that clients designate a
broker/custodian from our recommended broker list (“Recommended Broker List”). In very
limited circumstances, we have discretion to select the broker for certain accounts. We do not
open the account for the client, although we will assist the client in doing so.
When we choose the broker/custodians on the Recommended Broker List or pursuant to
discretion granted to us, for client accounts we consider a wide range of factors, including,
among others:
Financial strength, integrity and stability;
Quality of their trading and execution services;
Competitiveness of the fees based upon the quality of service;
Availability of research, pricing services and other market data;
Breadth of available investment products; and
Responsiveness.
We seek to negotiate competitive rates for our clients. However, the transaction fees charged
by such brokers could be higher or lower than those charged by other custodians and broker-
dealers for the same services.
If trades are executed with a broker other than the custodian where the client account is
maintained, an additional fee is charged by the custodian. This fee is in addition to commissions
paid to the executing broker. To minimize trading costs, we execute most client trades through
the custodian where the client’s account is maintained. We have determined in good faith that
having the brokers selected execute most trades is consistent with our duty to seek “best
execution” of client trades. Best execution means the most favorable terms for a transaction
based on all relevant factors, including execution capability, transaction costs, value of
research, responsiveness and financial strength and reputation of the broker.
We systematically and periodically review our policies regarding broker selection for all our
investment programs in light of our duty to obtain best execution.
Products and Services Available to Us from Broker/Custodian
Brokers provide us and our clients with services and benefits that are generally not available to
their retail customers. Some of these services help us manage or administer clients’ accounts,
while others help us manage and grow our business. These support services are generally, but
not always, available to us whether we request them or not.
Among the services provided by our Recommended Brokers that could directly benefit clients
are: (i) execution and settlement services; (ii) broad range of investment products; (iii) custody
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of client assets; and (iv) availability of certain investment products that are not available to
retail accounts.
Certain services provided by our Recommended Brokers could benefit us but may not directly
benefit clients. These services assist us in managing client accounts. They include, but are not
limited to:
Research, pricing services and other market data;
Ability to electronically download client trades, balances and positions and input them
into our portfolio record keeping systems;
Use of trading software to facilitate trade execution and aggregate orders for multiple
client accounts;
Ability to pay our management fees directly from client accounts; and,
Provide access to client account data, such as confirmations and statements.
Other services that are made available by the brokers generally benefit only us. These services
include, but are not limited to: (i) consulting on technology, compliance, legal and business
needs; (ii) educational conferences, including travel and lodging; (iii) publications and
conferences on practice management; and (iv) access to employee benefits providers, human
capital consultants and insurance providers. These services could be provided by our
Recommended Custodians or by a third-party vendor. The brokers selected may waive their
fees for some of these services or pay all or part of the fees of a third-party vendor. Other
benefits, such as business entertainment, may be provided to our personnel from time to time.
Potential Conflicts of Interest Arising from Broker/Custodian Arrangements
The following potential conflicts of interest arise from our relationship with the brokers
selected:
The products and services made available to us through the brokers selected could
directly benefit us to the extent that we would have to produce or pay for such products
and services; and
Since the selected brokers could have a minimum dollar amount of assets required in
order to receive some or all of the services discussed above, we could have an incentive
to continue to use or expand our use of the selected brokers in order to benefit us
rather than our client.
We examine these potential conflicts of interest on an ongoing basis. We believe that our
selection of brokers is in the best interests of our clients. Our selection is primarily based upon
the quality and price of the services provided that benefit our clients and not on those services
that benefit only us.
Soft Dollar Benefits
Although we receive certain benefits discussed above from our Recommended Brokers as
advisors on their advisor platform, we do not receive such benefits for directing specific client
trades to our Recommended Brokers.
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Brokerage for Client Referrals
We do not recommend brokers or direct client transactions to brokers based upon whether we
or our employees receive client referrals from such brokers.
Directed Brokerage
As stated above, we generally recommend that our clients designate one of our Recommended
Brokers to act as the custodian for their accounts as part of their client advisory agreements
with us. Inherent in our recommendation to use one of these Brokers is the fact that we will
also direct most brokerage transactions to our Recommended Brokers in order to minimize
trading costs. We have provided a full explanation of this practice and the consequences to the
client under Selection of Broker/Custodian at the beginning of this Item. However, we have the
right in our advisory agreement to direct trades to other brokers in cases where we cannot
meet our responsibility to achieve best execution through the client’s chosen custodian.
Not all investment advisers recommend or require their clients to use a specific custodian. Firm
personnel are available to address any questions that a client or prospective client have
regarding the Firm’s arrangement with any of our Recommended Brokers and any
corresponding perceived conflict of interest any such arrangement could create.
Client Directed Brokerage
If a client chooses to use a broker-dealer/custodian other than one of our Recommended
Brokers, the client will negotiate terms and arrangements for their account with that broker-
dealer, and the Firm will not seek better execution services or prices from other broker-dealers
or be able to “aggregate” (see below) the client’s transactions for execution through other
broker-dealers with orders for other accounts managed by the Firm. As a result, the client may
pay higher commissions or other transaction costs or greater spreads, or receive less favorable
net prices, on transactions for the account than would otherwise be the case.
In the event that the client directs the Firm to effect securities transactions for the client’s
accounts through a specific broker-dealer, the client correspondingly acknowledges that such
direction may cause the accounts to incur higher commissions or transaction costs than the
accounts would otherwise incur had the client determined to effect account transactions
through alternative clearing arrangements that may be available.
Trade Aggregation
Where practicable, we aggregate orders for the sale and purchase of securities for our clients if
we believe we can obtain a better execution price. For aggregated trades that are fully
executed, each client will receive the number of shares originally intended for his or her
account. In the event trades are partially executed, clients will receive a pro-rated allocation. An
aggregated order for the remaining shares will be entered on the next trading day. For
aggregated orders that are executed in more than one transaction, the client’s portion of such
order is the average of the prices at which all such transactions were executed for each day.
The average price may be greater or less than the price the client would receive if the trade was
made separately for such client. All transaction costs for aggregated orders will be shared on a
pro-rata basis based on each client’s participation in the transaction. In the event, aggregation
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of orders is limited because client assets are at different custodians, to the extent practicable,
the Firm will use a rotation method.
Employee accounts we manage could be included in aggregated orders. We prohibit favoring
any account, including employee managed accounts, over any other account. We maintain a
record of the aggregated order that includes each participating account and its allocation that
we complete prior to entering the aggregated order. Orders are allocated consistently with our
initial allocation.
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Item 13. Review of Accounts
Turim regularly monitors the assets and the performance of the accounts it advises. The
frequency will depend on the nature of the investment mandate it has from the client, including
whether such mandate is discretionary or non-discretionary. Factors such as volatile market
periods, changes in client objectives and requests by clients, may cause Firm personnel to review
client accounts more frequently.
Clients, through their representatives, receive customized performance information about their
investments on a monthly basis. In addition, the Firm provides additional information regarding
portfolio components and the anticipated prospects for their investments periodically.
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Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Economic Benefits from Third Parties
We receive an economic benefit from the brokers/custodians we recommend to clients. This
benefit is in the form of products and services the custodian makes available to investment
advisers whose clients maintain their accounts with the broker/custodian. The actual products
and services received that benefit us and potential conflicts of interest are fully described in Item
12 (Brokerage Practices) above.
We do not receive any other economic benefit from a third party for providing investment
advisory services.
Compensation to Third Parties for Referrals
We have solicitation arrangements with unaffiliated third parties (“Solicitors”) that allow the
Solicitors to receive a cash referral fee for referring specific clients to us. The Solicitors are paid
a cash referral fee based upon a percentage of the advisory fees actually received from the
specific client introduced by the Solicitors to us. Our payment of the fee will not result in any
increase in the advisory fee paid by the client. To the extent that we receive a referral, Turim
will negotiate and in the event there is an agreement between Turim and the Solicitor, the
Solicitor will be required to provide any prospective client he/she solicits with a written
disclosure document outlining the compensation arrangement with us. The Solicitors are also
required to meet certain requirements under Rule 206(4)-3 of the Investment Advisers Act of
1940.
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Item 15. Custody
The Firm has custody regarding the VC Funds, as affiliates act as the general partners. The
Funds will have annual audited financial statements, which will be distributed to all investors in
the VC Funds as per the requirements under the Custody Rule.
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Item 16. Investment Discretion
In general, Turim has discretionary authority to manage securities portfolios on behalf of certain
of its clients. The Firm provides the opportunity to place restrictions and limitations on this
authority. Since all portfolios are customized to the needs of the specific client, these restrictions
will vary depending on the portfolio construction. All such clients sign investment management
agreements that clearly describe any limitations the client may impose.
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Item 17. Voting Client Securities
For the VC Funds, under Section 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act, the Firm has implemented
written policies and procedures governing its proxy voting activities. The Firm’s written
policy requires it to vote proxies in the best interest of the Funds. However, the policy
permits the Firm to abstain from proxy votes when: (i) in the reasonable opinion of the Firm,
the outcome of the vote most likely will not be determined by how the Firm votes and thus
the cost of voting appears to exceed the potential benefit to the VC Funds; or (ii) the subject
of the vote does not appear likely to have a material impact on the value of the investment
held by the VC Funds.
The Firm recognizes that from time to time there could be a conflict of interest or potential
conflict of interest between itself and the VC Funds with respect to the voting of proxies of
certain companies and has developed a mechanism for identifying and addressing such
conflicts. If the Firm determines that a material conflict exists between the Firm’s interest
and that of the VC Funds, it will maintain documentation evidencing the resolution, which
could include a recommendation from an independent third party.
For accounts other than the VC Funds, the Firm does not expect to participate in any proxy voting
with respect to any investment. The investment management agreement will reflect that policy.
However, regarding certain investments, such as private equity investments held by clients, the
Firm could provide recommendations whenever a corporate action is requested or required with
respect to the portfolio companies held by such investment funds. Under Section 206(4)-6 of the
Advisers Act, the Firm has implemented written policies and procedures governing its proxy
voting activities. The Firm’s written policy states that it does not vote proxies but could make
recommendations regarding certain corporate actions.
Clients and investors can contact the Firm’s CCO at compliance@turimbr.com for a copy of the
proxy policy and information with respect to how the Firm voted a proxy.
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Item 18. Financial Information
Turim does not require or solicit fees from clients six months or more in advance. Therefore, the
Firm is not required to include a balance sheet for its most recent fiscal year.
Turim does not have any financial condition to disclose that is likely to impair its ability to meet
contractual commitments to clients. Furthermore, the Firm has never been the subject of a
bankruptcy petition.
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