View Document Text
Brochure
Form ADV Part 2A
Item 1 – Cover Page
Southeast Asset Advisors, LLC
Thomasville (Home) Office
314 Gordon Avenue
Thomasville, Georgia 31792
(229) 226-8839
Atlanta (Branch) Office
Tallahassee (Branch) Office
2630 Centennial Place
Tallahassee, Florida 32308
(850) 893-8418
Charleston (Branch) Office
2915 Piedmont Road, NE
Suite A
Atlanta, Georgia 30305
Mobile (Branch) Office
(404) 442-2727
2401 Old Shell Road
Suite C
Mobile, Alabama 36607
(251) 415-4612
701 East Bay Street
Suite 416
Charleston, South Carolina 29403
(843) 823-6699
www.AssetAdvisor.com
March 17, 2025
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Southeast Asset
Advisors, LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure, please contact us at (229)
226-8839 or info@assetadvisor.com. The information in this Brochure has not been approved or
verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state authority.
www.AdviserInfo.sec.gov
.
Southeast Asset Advisors, LLC is a registered investment adviser. Registration with the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission or any state securities authority does not imply a certain level of
skill or training. Additional information about Southeast Asset Advisors, LLC also is available on the
SEC’s website at
Item 2 - Material Changes
This Brochure is prepared in the revised format required beginning in 2011. Registered Investment
Advisers are required to use this format to inform clients of the nature of advisory services provided,
types of clients served, fees charged, potential conflicts of interest and other information. The Brochure
requirements include providing a Summary of Material Changes (the “Summary”) reflecting any
material changes to our policies, practices, or conflicts of interest made since our last required “annual
update” filing. In the event of any material changes, such Summary is provided to all clients within 120
days of our fiscal year-end. Our last annual update was filed on March 14, 2024. Of course, the complete
Brochure is available to you at any time upon request.
Page
Item 3 - Table of Contents
Item 1 – Cover Page
.................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Item 2 - Material Changes..................................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 3 - Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................... 2
Item 4 – Advisory Business ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Item 5 - Fees and Compensation ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Item 6 - Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ..................................................................... 7
Item 7 - Types of Clients ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ............................................................. 8
Item 9 - Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................................................... 11
Item 10 - Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ............................................................................ 11
Item 11 - Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ....... 13
Item 12 - Brokerage Practices .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Item 13 - Review of Accounts ........................................................................................................................................... 16
Item 14 - Client Referrals and Other Compensation ............................................................................................... 17
Item 15 - Custody ................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Item 16 - Investment Discretion ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Item 17 - Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................................................... 18
Item 18 - Financial Information ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Brochure Supplements…………………..………………….....…….......……………………………………………… Exhibit A
Page 2
Item 4 – Advisory Business
General Information
Southeast Asset Advisors, LLC (“SAA”) was formed in 1991 (SAA was originally formed as a corporation
and converted to a Limited Liability Company in 2019) and provides wealth management services
including portfolio management and consulting services to our clients, primarily individuals (including
high net worth individuals), family offices, endowments, foundations and corporate and public pension
plans.
Brochure Supplements
Exhibit A
,
SEAA Holdings, Inc. is the primary owner of SAA. Bernard Lanigan, C. Bradford Jackson, Mark C. Saussy,
Frank Mercer, and David Mark Fletcher (including certain family trusts of the forgoing) are shareholders
of SEAA Holdings, Inc. Also, Mikell Leland, Chris Osborne and Jacob Odom are Members of SAA. Please
see
, for more information on all individuals who formulate
investment advice and have direct contact with clients or have discretionary authority over client
accounts.
Report of Assets under Management as of December 31, 2024
Discretionary Assets Under
Management
$2,587,939,151
Consulting (Non-Discretionary)
Assets Under Management
$1,129,489,084
Total
$3,717,428,235
SERVICES OFFERED
At the outset of our relationship, we seek to gain an understanding and assessment of your current and
prospective financial position, investment experience, goals, objectives and risk tolerance (ability and
willingness to handle volatility). Based on our reviews, we generally develop an overall investment and
asset allocation plan for your investment portfolio.
We engage in an ongoing dialogue throughout the course of our relationship. Changes in your
circumstances may require a change in your asset allocation or overall investment plan
Portfolio Management (Discretionary Services)
Your portfolio is generally invested in mutual funds, individual stocks and bonds, ETFs, separate account
managers (“SAMs”) and private investment funds or partnerships (e.g., hedge funds or private equity
funds) where appropriate for you.
We will generally manage your investment portfolio on a discretionary basis. As a discretionary
investment advisor, we will have authority to supervise and direct your portfolio without prior
consultation with you. Notwithstanding the foregoing, you may impose certain restrictions on us in the
management of your investment portfolio, such as prohibiting the inclusion of certain types of
investments. You should note, however, that restrictions imposed by you may adversely affect the
composition and performance of your investment portfolio. You should also note that your investment
portfolio is treated individually by giving consideration to each purchase or sale for your account. For
these and other reasons, performance of your investment portfolio within the same investment
Page 3
objectives, goals and/or risk tolerance may differ and you should not expect that the composition or
performance of your investment portfolio would necessarily be consistent with similar clients of ours.
We do not have discretionary authority to invest your funds in private investment funds or partnerships
(i.e., hedge funds or private equity funds), or when we select Separate Account Managers. When we
recommend such investments, you must decide whether to invest and, if you invest, you must execute
subscription or similar documents with the fund or related entity. We monitor these investments and
include the assets in quarterly reports to you. In general, private investment funds are carried at market
value in your portfolio and updated on a monthly (or in some cases quarterly or annual) basis by the
fund administrator.
Consulting Services (Non-Discretionary Services)
We also work with endowments, foundations, trusts, family offices, retirement plans and corporations
on a consulting basis. In this role, we do not have discretion over the portfolio but rather work with
client trustees, investment committee or others responsible for the assets to develop an investment
plan, make ongoing recommendations to implement the plan and monitor the performance of the
portfolio. We may assist the client in implementation of the strategy to the extent possible, but it is
generally the client’s responsibility to authorize and execute all recommendations, and the client retains
the responsibility for all decisions regarding actions taken (or not taken) with respect to the portfolio.
Individual Retirement Advice
When we are making investment recommendations to you regarding your retirement plan account or
individual retirement account, we are acting as fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws
governing retirement accounts. The way we make money or otherwise are compensated creates some
conflicts with your financial interests, so we operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your
best interest and not put our interest ahead of yours.
Under this special rule's provisions, we must:
Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give
prudent advice) to you;
Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give loyal
advice);
Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your best
interest;
Charge no more than what is reasonable for our services; and
Give you basic information about our conflicts of interest.
Retirement Plan Advisory Services
Establishing a sound fiduciary governance process is vital to good decision-making and to ensuring that
prudent procedural steps are followed in making investment decisions. We will provide Retirement Plan
consulting services to Plans and Plan Fiduciaries as described below. The particular services provided
will be detailed in the consulting agreement. The appropriate Plan Fiduciary(ies) designated in the Plan
documents (e.g., the Plan sponsor or named fiduciary) will (i) make the decision to retain our firm; (ii)
agree to the scope of the services that we will provide; and (iii) make the ultimate decision as to
accepting any of the recommendations that we may provide. The Plan Fiduciaries are free to seek
independent advice about the appropriateness of any recommended services for the Plan.
Page 4
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) sets forth rules under which Plan
Fiduciaries may retain investment advisers for various types of services with respect to Plan assets. For
certain services, we will be considered a fiduciary under ERISA. For example, we will act as an ERISA §
3(21) fiduciary when providing non-discretionary investment advice to the Plan Fiduciaries by
recommending a suite of investments as choices among which Plan Participants may select. Also, to the
extent that the Plan Fiduciaries retain us to act as an investment manager within the meaning of ERISA
§ 3(38), we will provide discretionary investment management services to the Plan.
Consulting
Fiduciary
Services
Investment Selection Services
•
We will provide Plan Fiduciaries with recommendations of investment options consistent with
ERISA section 404(c). Plan Fiduciaries retain responsibility for the final determination of
investment options and for compliance with ERISA section 404(c).
• Non-Discretionary Investment Advice
We provide Plan Fiduciaries and Plan Participants general, non-discretionary investment advice
regarding assets classes and investments.
Investment Monitoring
•
We will assist in monitoring the plan’s investment options by preparing periodic investment
reports that document investment performance, consistency of fund management and
conformation to the guidelines set forth in the investment policy statement and we will make
recommendations to maintain or remove and replace investment options. The details of this
aspect of service will be enumerated in the engagement agreement between the parties.
Management
Fiduciary
Services
• Discretionary Management Services
When retained as an investment manager within the meaning of ERISA § 3(38), we provide
continuous and ongoing supervision over the designated retirement plan assets. We will actively
monitor the designated retirement plan assets and provide ongoing management of the assets.
When applicable, we will have discretionary authority to make all decisions to buy, sell or hold
securities, cash or other investments for the designated retirement plan assets in our sole
discretion without first consulting with the Plan Fiduciaries. We also have the power and
authority to carry out these decisions by giving instructions, on your behalf, to brokers and
dealers and the qualified custodian(s) of the Plan for our management of the designated
retirement plan assets.
• Discretionary Investment Selection Services
We will monitor the investment options of the Plan and add or remove investment options for
the Plan without prior consultation with the Plan Fiduciaries. We will have discretionary
authority to make and implement all decisions regarding the investment options that are
available to Plan Participants.
Investment Management via Model Portfolios.
•
We will provide discretionary management of Model Portfolios among which the participants
may choose to invest as Plan options.
Page 5
Separate Account Managers
From time to time, when suitable, we may utilize one or more Separate Account Managers (each a
“SAM”). In cases where we recommend the use of one or more SAMs to manage a portion of your
portfolio, we will assist you in the selection of the SAM(s). The SAMs may be granted trading authority
for one or more accounts in the portfolio. You will enter into a separate advisory agreement with the
SAM and may be charged a fee by the SAM in addition to our fee. With respect to assets managed by a
SAM, our role will be to monitor your overall financial situation, the investment approach and
performance of the SAM, to assist you in understanding the investments of your portfolio, and to
recommend whether to retain or terminate the SAM.
Other Financial Services
In addition to the services described above, we may provide other financial services to you. These
services are generally provided on a project basis, and may include, without limitation, estate planning,
cash flow planning for certain events such as education expenses or retirement, income tax planning
analysis and review of your insurance portfolio, as well as other matters specific to you as and when
requested by you and agreed to by us.
Item 5 - Fees and Compensation
General Fee Information
Fees paid to us are exclusive of any transaction costs, custodial fees and broker fees. Fees paid to us are
also separate and distinct from any fees charged by SAMs, no-load mutual funds, ETFs (exchange traded
funds) or private investment funds (which generally include a management fee and fund expenses, as
described in each fund’s prospectus or offering materials). Where possible, we negotiate these fees on
behalf of you. You should review all fees charged by SAMs, funds, brokers, custodians, SAA and others
to fully understand the total amount of fees paid by you for investment and financial-related services.
Portfolio management fees are generally payable quarterly, in advance. If management begins after the
start of a quarter, fees may be prorated accordingly. Fees are normally debited directly from your
account, unless other arrangements are made.
Either you or SAA may terminate our Investment Advisory Agreement at any time, subject to any written
notice requirements in the agreement. In the event of termination, any prepaid but unearned fees will
be promptly refunded to you, and any fees due to us from you may be invoiced or deducted from your
account prior to termination.
Pro-rated Fees – Existing Clients
We do not typically pro-rate fees on capital flows in or out of existing accounts. However, in limited
circumstances and by mutual consent and agreement, we may. Under these conditions, fees on
additional assets received into a managed account are prorated for the number of days the additional
assets are in the account. Under these conditions, for capital flows out of an account, the fee is reduced
by the number of days left in the quarter after the outgoing capital flow.
Page 6
Fees for Accounts Managed on a Discretionary Basis
The annual fee schedule for each client is individually determined and agreed upon with the client at the
inception of the relationship. Fees are calculated on a percentage of assets under management.
Beginning in 2021, fee calculations will be rounded to the nearest whole dollar amount. The following
fee schedule is used as a guide used for determining fees for clients:
First $1,000,000
Next $4,000,000
Next $5,000,000
Over $10,000,000
1.00%
0.75%
0.65%
0.50%
We may, at our discretion, make exceptions to the foregoing fee schedules or negotiate special fee
arrangements.
Fees for Consulting Accounts Managed on a Non-Discretionary Basis
When we provide investment consulting services (non-discretionary management services) to you, our
fees are negotiated at the time of the engagement for such services. Fees are normally calculated based
on a percentage of the value of the assets under advisement.
Separate Account Manager (“SAM”) Fees
In instances where the services of a SAM are utilized, the SAM’s fees will be charged to you in addition
to our fee. In this situation, you will enter a separate agreement, which details the fees to be assessed,
with the SAM.
Other Financial Services Fees
The scope and fees for these services will be negotiated with you at the time of engagement for the
applicable project.
Private Investment Fund Fees
In instances where you invest in private investment funds or partnerships (e.g., hedge funds or private
equity funds), the funds typically charge management fees and incentive fees or a profit allocation. In
these situations, you are provided with an offering memorandum or similar document that explains the
general terms (including fees) and risks of the investment. In order to invest in such investments, you
must meet applicable eligibility requirements that include a minimum net worth requirement, among
others. In order to invest in these types of investments, you must complete and execute subscription or
similar documents to evidence your qualifications and your understanding of the fees and other terms
of the investment.
When SAA clients invest in a private fund(s) for which we or a related person serves as Manager,
Adviser, General Partner or in some similar capacity and receive a fee from the fund, you will not be
assessed our Portfolio Management fee on the assets in the Fund(s). You will bear a proportionate share
of the fees assessed to all investors in the Fund(s), however.
Item 6 - Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
SAA is the majority owner and manager of Conifer Advisors, LLC (“Conifer Advisors”), which SAA formed
to function as the fund manager of three private funds - Conifer Partners II, LLC, Conifer Partners III, LLC
and Conifer Partners IV, LLC (together the “Conifer Funds”). The Conifer Funds each pay Conifer
Advisors compensation structured in two separate components. One component is an asset-based fee,
assessed on the value of the applicable Conifer Fund at each billing cycle. The second component is a
“performance-based fee” arrangement. Under this performance-based fee arrangement, Conifer
Page 7
Advisors receives a percentage of the net profits of each Conifer Fund. This performance component is
only applicable once the returns of the applicable Conifer Fund reach a certain threshold, which is
established and disclosed to investors in each of the applicable Conifer Fund’s offering documents. As
the majority owner of Conifer Advisors, we receive the benefit of fees paid to Conifer Advisors.
SAA may enter into other types of performance-based fee arrangements when appropriate in light of
client qualification and circumstances.
As we are an SEC-registered investment adviser, performance-based fee arrangements are only
available to clients who meet the eligibility requirements of Rule 205-3 under the Investment Advisers
Act of 1940. The minimum requirements under the rule state that the client generally is not eligible
unless he/she has a net worth of at least $2,200,000 or has at least $1,100,000 in assets under
management. Investors in the Conifer Funds and other private funds / partnerships that we manage on
a performance fee basis are required to meet these criteria.
Performance-based fee arrangements create certain conflicts of interest for us. Because the Conifer
Funds, other partnerships we manage and individual clients of ours may all invest in the same securities,
we must make the determination as to how investment opportunities are allocated between all parties.
Because of the performance-based fee compensation component, we may have an incentive to favor
performance-based accounts by placing trades for these accounts before non-performance fee-based
accounts or by allocating profitable trades to performance-based accounts. We have established trading
and investment allocation procedures to help mitigate this risk.
Item 7 - Types of Clients
We serve individuals (including High Net Worth individuals), family offices, trusts, institutions,
endowments, pension and profit-sharing plans, corporations, other pooled investment vehicles, estates
and charitable organizations.
With some exceptions, the minimum portfolio value eligible for conventional investment advisory
services is $1,000,000. Under certain circumstances and in our sole discretion, we may negotiate such
minimums.
Item 8 - Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
We utilize individual equity securities, Separate Account Managers (“SAMs”), shares of registered no-
load mutual funds, ETFs, index funds and fixed income securities for your account. When appropriate,
alternative investments (hedge funds, private equity funds) may also be used.
In selecting individual securities for your account, our analysis generally includes a review of the
business, industry, management and financial information about an issuer. Financial strength ratios,
price-to-earnings, price to cash flow (free cash flow yield), price to book, dividend yield, payout ratio,
earning strength and consistency, sustainable competitive advantages and other factors may be
considered.
SAMs, mutual funds, ETFs and private investment funds or partnerships are generally evaluated and
selected based on a variety of factors, including, without limitation, past performance, manager tenure,
philosophy, process, culture, fee structure, overall ratings for risk adjusted returns, and other factors.
Page 8
Investment Strategies
We manage your portfolio on an individual basis, based on our understanding of your goals, risk
tolerance, liquidity needs and other factors. As appropriate for you, assets are allocated among various
asset classes (small cap, large cap, value, growth, domestic and international fixed income, including
global and high yield if appropriate) and rebalanced periodically as needed or as your situation changes.
The following strategies may be used in varying combinations over time for you, depending upon your
individual circumstances.
Long Term Purchases – securities purchased with the expectation that the value of those
securities will grow over a relatively long period of time, generally greater than one year.
Short Term Purchases – securities purchased with the expectation that they will be sold within
a relatively short period of time, generally less than one year, to take advantage of the securities’
short term price fluctuations.
Short Sales – a securities transaction in which an investor sells securities he or she borrowed in
anticipation of a price decline. The investor is then required to return an equal number of shares
at some point in the future. A short seller will profit if the stock goes down in price.
Margin Transactions – a securities transaction in which an investor borrows money to purchase
a security, in which case the security serves as collateral on the loan.
Options Trading/Writing – a securities transaction that involves buying or selling (writing) an
option. If you write an option, and the buyer exercises the option, you are obligated to purchase
or deliver a specified number of shares at a specified price at the exercise of the option regardless
of the market value of the security at expiration of the option. Buying an option gives you the
right to purchase or sell a specified number of shares at a specified price until the date of
expiration of the option regardless of the market value of the security at expiration of the option.
Risk of Loss
While we seek to diversify your investment portfolio across various asset classes in an effort to reduce
the risk of loss, all investment portfolios are subject to risks (defined as volatility or permanent loss of
capital). Accordingly, there can be no assurance that your investment portfolio will be able to fully meet
your investment objectives and goals, or that investments will not lose money.
Below is a description of several of the principal risks that your investment portfolio faces.
Overall Investment Risk
. All securities investments risk the potential loss of capital. The nature of the
securities to be purchased and traded by you and the investment techniques and strategies to be
employed by us may increase such risk. The identification of investment opportunities is a difficult task,
and there can be no assurance that such opportunities will be successfully recognized. While we will
devote our best efforts to the management of your portfolio, there can be no assurance that you will not
incur losses. Returns generated from your investments may not adequately compensate you for the
business and financial risks assumed. You should be aware that you may lose all or part of your
investment in an account. Many unforeseeable events, including actions taken by various government
agencies and domestic and international economic and political developments may cause sharp market
fluctuation, which could adversely affect your portfolio’s performance.
Management Risks.
While we manage your investment portfolio based on our experience, research and
proprietary methods, the value of your investment portfolio will change daily based on the performance
of the underlying securities and mutual fund managers, SAMs and ETFs and the securities in which it is
Page 9
invested. Accordingly, your investment portfolio is subject to the risk that we allocate your assets to
individual securities and/or asset classes that are adversely affected by unanticipated market
movements, and the risk that our specific investment choices could underperform their relevant
indexes.
Risks of Investments in Separate Account Managers, Sub-Advisors, Mutual Funds, ETFs and Other
Investment Pools.
As described above, we may invest your portfolio with SAMs or may invest in mutual
funds, ETFs and other investment pools (“pooled investment funds”). Investments in pooled investment
funds are subject to risks associated with the markets in which they invest. In addition, pooled
investment funds’ success will be related to the skills of their particular managers and their performance
in managing their funds. Pooled investment funds are also subject to risks due to regulatory restrictions
applicable to registered investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
Equity Market Risks.
We will generally invest portions of your assets directly into equity investments,
primarily stocks, or into pooled investment funds that invest in the stock market. As noted above, while
pooled investments have diversified portfolios that may make them less risky than investments in
individual securities, funds that invest in stocks and other equity securities are nevertheless subject to
the risks of the stock market. These risks include, without limitation, the risks that stock values will
decline due to daily fluctuations in the markets, and that stock values will decline over longer periods
(e.g., bear markets) due to general market declines in the stock prices for all companies, regardless of
any individual security’s prospects.
Risks Related to Alternative Investment Vehicles
. The value of your portfolio will be based in part on the
value of alternative investment vehicles in which it is invested, the success of each of which will depend
heavily upon the efforts of their respective managers. When the investment objectives and strategies of
a Manager are out of favor in the market or a manager makes unsuccessful investment decisions, the
alternative investment vehicles managed by the manager may lose money. Your account may lose a
substantial percentage of its value if the investment objectives and strategies of many or most of the
alternative investment vehicles in which it is invested are out of favor at the same time, or many or most
of the managers make unsuccessful investment decisions at the same time.
Fixed Income Risks.
We may invest portions of your assets directly into fixed income instruments, such
as bonds and notes, or may invest in pooled investment funds that invest in bonds and notes. While
investing in fixed income instruments, either directly or through pooled investment funds, is generally
less volatile than investing in stock (equity) markets, fixed income investments nevertheless are subject
to risks. These risks include, without limitation, interest rate risks (risks that changes in interest rates
will devalue the investments), credit risks (risks of default by borrowers), or maturity risk (risks that
bonds or notes will change value from the time of issuance to maturity).
Foreign Securities Risks.
We may invest portions of your assets into pooled investment funds that invest
internationally. While foreign investments are important to the diversification of your investment
portfolio, they carry risks that may be different from U.S. investments. For example, foreign investments
may not be subject to uniform audit, financial reporting or disclosure standards, practices or
requirements comparable to those found in the U.S. Foreign investments are also subject to foreign
withholding taxes and the risk of adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations.
Finally, foreign investments may involve currency risk, which is the risk that the value of the foreign
security will decrease due to changes in the relative value of the U.S. dollar and the security’s underlying
foreign currency.
General Economic Conditions
. The success of any investment activity will be affected by general
economic conditions which affect the level and volatility of prices as well as the liquidity of the markets.
Page 10
The prices of many securities are highly volatile. The price movements of investments will be influenced
by, among other things, interest rates, changing supply and demand relationships, the trade, fiscal,
monetary and exchange control programs and policies of governments, and national and international
political and economic events. Governments from time to time intervene, directly and by regulation, in
certain markets. Unexpected changes (in either direction) in the volatility or liquidity of the markets
could cause significant losses.
Short Sales.
As described above, we may use short sales as an investment strategy. You generally will
be required to pay a brokerage commission or interest which will increase the cost to you of selling such
securities. The proceeds of the short sale plus additional cash or securities must be deposited as
collateral with the lender of the securities to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements; the
amount of the required deposit will be adjusted periodically to reflect any change in the market price of
the securities which you are required to return to the lender. You generally will be entitled to receive
payments from the lender with respect to the short sale proceeds and additional cash on deposit with
the lender, at negotiated rates typically based on the lender’s short-term borrowing costs. You will be
obligated to return securities equivalent to those borrowed at any time on demand of the lender of the
securities borrowed by purchasing them at the market price at the time of replacement. Until the
securities are replaced, you will be required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any dividends or
interest which accrue during the period of the loan of the securities.
Margin Transactions.
Fluctuations in the market value of a leveraged portfolio can have a
disproportionately large effect in relation to the capital of that portfolio. Any event which may adversely
affect the value of positions held by you could significantly affect the value of your account.
Options Trading/Writing.
Use of options for your account may result in losses to you. An adverse price
movement may result in unanticipated losses to you.
Item 9 - Disciplinary Information
Neither SAA nor any of our management persons has been involved in any legal or disciplinary action
that would affect one of our client’s or prospective client’s evaluation of our advisory business or the
integrity of our management.
Item 10 - Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
The majority of the stockholders of SEAA Holdings, Inc. are also stockholders in the accounting and
consulting firm of Lanigan & Associates, P.C. (“L&A”), which shares office space with us. Tax, accounting,
and consulting services provided by our principals on behalf of Lanigan & Associates, P.C. are separate
and distinct from our advisory services, and are provided for separate and typical compensation. We
receive no referral fees for recommendations and referrals to L&A. No SAA client is obligated to use
L&A for any tax, accounting, or consulting services.
Bernard Lanigan, Jr., C. Bradford Jackson, Frank Mercer and Mark Fletcher all have ownership in both
SEAA Holdings, Inc. and L&A. Mr. Lanigan spends the majority of his time and efforts on SAA functions,
while Mr. Jackson spends approximately 50% of his time on SAA functions. The other owners of SAA,
Frank Mercer and Mark Fletcher, spend most of their time on L&A activities. Four Managing Directors
of SAA, Mark C. Saussy, T. Mikell Leland, G. Christian (“Chris”) Osborne, and Jacob Odum, all spend 100%
of their time on SAA functions.
Our majority-owned subsidiary, Conifer Advisors, LLC (“Conifer Advisors”), serves as the fund manager
of Conifer Partners II, LLC, Conifer Partners III, LLC and Conifer Partners IV, LLC, which are privately
Page 11
offered partnerships (collectively the “Conifer Funds”). Our principals, through our controlling
ownership of Conifer Advisors and investments by our principals in the Conifer Funds, may receive
benefits or income from Conifer Advisors. Principals and other Associated Persons of SAA usually invest
in the Conifer Funds and share in profits or losses like all other Limited Partners in the Funds. We may
solicit and/or recommend that qualified clients invest in the Conifer Funds from time to time. The terms
and conditions for conflicts of interest, risk factors and liquidity constraints are set forth in each of the
Conifer Funds’ respective offering documents, which each prospective investor client shall receive and
shall be required to complete. Participating clients shall be required to submit the corresponding
Subscription Agreement to Conifer Advisors to demonstrate qualification for investment in any of the
Conifer Funds.
Four of the owners of Conifer Advisors, LLC (comprising thirty percent of total ownership interest) are
either clients of SAA or an entity owned by a client. SAA mitigates the potential conflict of interest this
presents by adopting a limited investment opportunity allocation procedure, which is designed to
protect the interests of all clients/investors.
SAA is also the Manager of a number of funds, as follows:
•
•
•
•
SEA-HCI SPV, LLC, a private fund that invests substantially all of its assets in limited
partnership interests of Himalaya Capital Investors, L.P.
SAA-Tiger 14, LLC, a private fund that invests substantially all of its assets in limited
partnership interests of Tiger Global Private Investment Partnership XIV, L.P.
SAA-Tiger 15, LLC, a private fund that invests substantially all of its assets in limited
partnership interests of Tiger Global Private Investment Partnership XV, L.P.
Teton Pines Capital, LLC, a private partnership that invests in a diversified portfolio of
securities and funds.
The funds listed, other than Teton Pines Capital, LLC, do not assess any direct management fee to
investors who are otherwise clients of SAA. However, to the extent that SAA client assets invested in
these funds are part of a portfolio that we manage, we may include the value of assets in the funds in the
calculation of our advisory fee. For investors in the funds who are not otherwise clients of SAA, an
annual fee is assessed.
A family member of Bernard Lanigan, Jr. is a principal of Covey Capital Advisors, LLC (“Covey”), a
registered investment adviser firm. Covey manages separate accounts in which our clients may invest
(the “Covey Accounts”). This family relationship may give us an incentive to recommend that our
advisory clients invest in the Covey Accounts. We address this conflict by fully disclosing this
relationship to our clients and prospective clients who are considering an investment in the Covey
Accounts.
Finally, Mr. Lanigan serves on the Board of Directors for one or more publicly traded companies in which
SAA and Conifer Advisors invest for clients/investors. We have established internal procedures to
mitigate potential conflicts of interest in these situations, including steps to help prevent Mr. Lanigan’s
service from negatively impacting trading in client accounts or the Conifer Funds.
Page 12
Item 11 - Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions and Personal Trading
Code of Ethics and Personal Trading
We have adopted a Code of Ethics (“the Code”), the full text of which is available to you upon request.
Our Code has several goals. First, the Code is designed to assist us in complying with applicable laws
and regulations governing our investment advisory business. Under the Investment Advisers Act of
1940, we owe fiduciary duties to our clients. Pursuant to these fiduciary duties, the Code requires our
associated persons to act with honesty, good faith and fair dealing in working with clients. In addition,
the Code prohibits associated persons from trading or otherwise acting on insider information.
Next, the Code sets forth guidelines for professional standards for our associated persons (managers,
officers and employees). Under the Code’s Professional Standards, we expect our associated persons to
put the interests of our clients first, ahead of personal interests. In this regard, our associated persons
are not to take inappropriate advantage of their positions in relation to our clients.
Third, the Code sets forth policies and procedures to monitor and review the personal trading activities
of associated persons. From time to time our associated persons may invest in the same securities
recommended to you. Under our Code, we have adopted procedures designed to reduce or eliminate
conflicts of interest that this could potentially cause. Our Code’s personal trading policies include
procedures for limitations on personal securities transactions of associated persons, reporting and
review of such trading and pre-clearance of certain types of personal trading activities. These policies
are designed to discourage and prohibit personal trading that would disadvantage clients. The Code
also provides for disciplinary action as appropriate for violations.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Because associated persons may invest in the same securities as those purchased in your accounts, we
have established a policy requiring our associated persons to pre-clear transactions in some types of
securities with our Head Trader. The goal of this policy is to avoid conflicts of interest that arise in these
situations. Some types of securities, such as index funds/ETFs, CDs, treasury obligations and open-
ended mutual funds are exempt from this pre-clearance requirement. However, in the event of other
identified potential trading conflicts of interest, our goal is to place your interests first.
Consistent with the foregoing, we maintain policies regarding participation in initial public offerings
(“IPOs”) and private placements in order to comply with applicable laws and avoid conflicts with your
transactions. If our associated person wishes to participate in an IPO or invest in a private placement,
he or she must submit a pre-clearance request and obtain the approval of our Chief Compliance Officer
or his designee.
Conifer Funds:
SAA is the majority owner of Conifer Advisors, LLC (“Conifer Advisors”), which manages the investments
of the Conifer Funds. As described above in more detail, the Conifer Funds each pay to Conifer Advisors
an asset-based fee and a performance-based fee. This compensation structure gives us a financial
incentive to recommend that you invest your assets in the Conifer Funds. We address this conflict by
waiving our advisory fees with respect to that portion of your assets that are invested in the Conifer
Funds.
An additional potential conflict exists when clients of SAA wish to invest directly in private equity
opportunities instead of through the Conifer Funds. When we identify such opportunities, if they are
suitable for both the Conifer Funds and individual clients of SAA (both clients who invest in the Conifer
Page 13
Funds and those who do not), we will generally make the opportunity available to the Conifer Funds
first, then will make available to investors in Conifer Funds who wish to invest directly in the
opportunity, and then allocate remaining interests to other clients of the firm where applicable.
Item 12 - Brokerage Practices
Best Execution and Benefits of Brokerage Selection
When given discretion to select the brokerage firm that will execute orders in your account, we seek
“best execution” for your trades, which is a combination of a number of factors, including, without
limitation, quality of execution, services provided and commission rates. Therefore, we may use or
recommend the use of brokers who do not charge the lowest available commission in the recognition of
research and securities transaction services, or quality of execution.
Research services received may include proprietary or third-party research (or any combination) and
may be used in servicing any or all our clients. Therefore, research services received may not be used
for the account for which the particular transaction was effected.
We recommend that you establish a brokerage account with the either the Schwab Advisor Services
division of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”), Fidelity Brokerage Services, LLC (“Fidelity”) a division
of Fidelity Investments or Raymond James & Associates, Inc. (“Raymond James”), each of which is a
member of the New York Stock Exchange and of SIPC. Together, they are referred to as the “Custodians”,
and whichever one you choose will maintain actual custody of your assets. We may also place trades for
your accounts at the Custodians, or may in some instances, consistent with our duty to seek best
execution and specific agreement with you, elect to execute trades elsewhere. Although we may
recommend that you establish an account at the Custodians or another qualified custodian, it is
ultimately your decision as to where your assets are held in custody. We are independently owned and
operated and are not affiliated with the Custodians or any other qualified custodian.
The Custodians provide us with access to their institutional trading and custody services, which are
typically not available to Custodians’ retail investors. These services generally are available to
independent investment advisers on an unsolicited basis, at no charge to them. The Custodians’
brokerage services include the execution of securities transactions, custody, research, and access to
mutual funds and other investments that are otherwise generally available only to institutional
investors or would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment. These services are not
soft dollar arrangements but are part of the institutional platform offered by the Custodians.
For our client accounts maintained in their custody, the Custodians generally do not charge separately
for custody services but are compensated by account holders through commissions or other fees on
trades that they execute or that settle into your Custodian account. Certain trades may not incur
Custodian commissions or transaction fees. The Custodians are also compensated by earning interest
on the uninvested cash in your account. The Custodians also make available to us other products and
services that benefit us but may not directly benefit our clients’ accounts. Many of these products and
services may be used to service all or a substantial number of our accounts, including accounts not
maintained at the Custodians.
The Custodians’ products and services that assist us in managing and administering your accounts
include software and other technology that (i) provide access to client account data (such as trade
confirmations and account statements); (ii) facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade
orders for multiple client accounts; (iii) provide research, pricing and other market data; (iv) facilitate
payment of our fees from your accounts; and (v) assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping and
client reporting.
Page 14
The Custodians also offer other services intended to help us manage and further develop our business
enterprise. These services may include: (i) compliance, legal and business consulting (Raymond James
does not provide this service); (ii) publications and conferences on practice management and business
succession; and (iii) access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants and insurance
providers. The Custodians may make available, arrange and/or pay third-party vendors for the types of
services rendered to us. The Custodians may discount or waive fees it would otherwise charge for some
of these services or pay all or a part of the fees of a third-party providing these services to us. The
Custodians may also provide other benefits such as educational events or occasional business
entertainment of our personnel. In evaluating whether to recommend that clients custody their assets
at the Custodians, we may take into account the availability of some of the foregoing products and
services and other arrangements as part of the total mix of factors we consider and not solely on the
nature, cost or quality of custody and brokerage services provided by the Custodians, which may create
a potential conflict of interest. While it may be possible to obtain similar custodial, execution and other
service elsewhere at a lower cost, we believe that the Custodians provide an excellent combination of
these services.
Directed Brokerage
You may direct us to use a particular broker for custodial or transaction services on behalf of your
portfolio. In directed brokerage arrangements, you are responsible for negotiating the commission
rates and other fees to be paid to the broker. Accordingly, if you choose to direct brokerage, you should
consider whether such designation may result in certain costs or disadvantages to you, either because
you may pay higher commissions or obtain less favorable execution, or the designation limits the
investment options available to you.
The arrangements that we have with the Custodians are designed to maximize efficiency and to be cost
effective. By directing brokerage arrangements, you acknowledge that these economies of scale and
levels of efficiency are generally compromised when alternative brokers are used. While every effort is
made to treat clients fairly over time, the fact that you choose to use the brokerage and/or custodial
services of these alternative service providers can in fact result in a certain degree of delay in executing
trades for your account(s) and otherwise adversely affect management of your account(s).
By directing us to use a specific broker or dealer, clients who are subject to ERISA confirm and agree
with us that they have the authority to make the direction, that there are no provisions in any client or
plan document which are inconsistent with the direction, that the brokerage and other goods and
services provided by the broker or dealer through the brokerage transactions are provided solely to and
for the benefit of the client’s plan, plan participants and their beneficiaries, that the amount paid for the
brokerage and other services have been determined by the client and the plan to be reasonable, that any
expenses paid by the broker on behalf of the plan are expenses that the plan would otherwise be
obligated to pay, and that the specific broker or dealer is not a party in interest of the client or the plan
as defined under applicable ERISA regulations.
Aggregated Trade Policy
We typically direct trading in your account as and when trades are appropriate, without regard to
activity in other client accounts. However, from time to time and consistent with our duty of best
execution, we may aggregate trades together for multiple client accounts. Moreover, such aggregated
or “blocked” trades may include shares or units intended to be purchased or sold for (i) the Conifer
Funds and/or (ii) accounts that are affiliated with our principals or employees (“Affiliated Accounts”).
We will, prior to entering an aggregated order, substantially prepare a list of client accounts to be
included in the trade (the “Allocation Statement”) specifying the participating accounts and how it
intends to allocate the order among those clients. The Allocation Statement shall also identify any
Page 15
Affiliated Accounts included in the trade and shall indicate the number of shares or units to be in
included on behalf of the Conifer Funds. If the aggregated order is filled in its entirety, it will be allocated
among the Conifer Funds, client accounts and Affiliated Accounts in accordance with the Allocation
Statement. If the order is partially filled, it will generally be allocated pro-rata, based on the Allocation
Statement, or randomly in certain circumstances, provided, however, that any Affiliated Accounts will
be excluded first.
Because our clients’ accounts are held at more than one custodian firm, in order to provide fair and
equitable treatment for all clients, we have established a rotation schedule among these firms for use
when we broadly trade a specific stock across multiple accounts. In such cases, the trades of clients at
each custodian are blocked together with other clients at the same custodian when appropriate. The
trades are then executed in aggregate at each custodian through the rotation schedule, so that no group
is damaged or disadvantaged over time by the timing of the executions. Trades placed in accounts based
on individual portfolio management decisions (as opposed to broad trading decisions) are generally not
subject to this rotation schedule.
One of our custodians, Raymond James, has requirements for block trading that vary from those of
Schwab and Fidelity. Accordingly, from time to time, trades in accounts held at Raymond James may be
delayed due to our required compliance with their trading procedures. This delay may have an impact
on the execution of trades at Raymond James.
Each client that participates in an aggregated order at one of the executing brokers on the rotation
schedule will participate at the average share price obtained in that block trade, with transaction costs
generally shared pro-rata based on each client’s participation in the transaction. On occasion, owing to
the size of a particular account’s pro rata share of an order or other factors, the commission or
transaction fee charged could be above or below a breakpoint in a pre-determined commission or fee
schedule set by the executing broker, and therefore transaction charges may vary among accounts. Note
that in 2020 the Custodians eliminated transaction fees on most equity transactions. Also, accounts may
be excluded from a block trade due to tax considerations, client direction or other factors making the
account’s participation ineligible or impractical.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the order may be allocated on a basis different from that specified in the
Allocation Statement if all client accounts receive fair and equitable treatment, and the reason for
different allocation is explained in writing and is approved by an appropriate individual/officer of SAA.
Our books and records will separately reflect, for each client account included in a block trade, the
securities held by and bought and sold for that account. Funds and securities of clients whose orders
are aggregated will be deposited with one or more banks or broker-dealers, and neither the clients’ cash
nor their securities will be held collectively any longer than is necessary to settle the transaction on a
delivery versus payment basis; cash or securities held collectively for clients will be delivered out to the
custodian bank or broker-dealer as soon as practicable following the settlement, and we will receive no
additional compensation or remuneration of any kind as a result of the proposed aggregation.
Item 13 - Review of Accounts
Account reviews are conducted on a regular basis by one or more of our Company’s principals or
advisory representatives (Bernard Lanigan, SAA’s Chairman and CEO, C. Bradford Jackson, SAA’s
President, Mark C. Saussy, SAA’s Chief Operating Officer, Mikell Leland, Managing Director, Chris
Osborne, Managing Director, Jacob Odom, Managing Director or Alec Rowe, Advisor and Portfolio
Manager). In addition, your portfolio is reviewed quarterly for performance in comparison to relevant
benchmarks. You are advised that it remains your responsibility to advise us of any changes in your
Page 16
investment objectives and/or financial situation. Nevertheless, the portfolio manager encourages a
meeting in person or by phone with you at least annually to review your investment objectives, account
performance and overall investment plan.
We may also conduct account reviews based upon the occurrence of a triggering event, such as a change
in your investment objectives and/or financial situation, market corrections, at your request, and any
other time deemed necessary or advisable by us.
Account custodians (primarily Schwab, Fidelity and Raymond James) are responsible for providing
monthly or quarterly account statements, directly to you, which reflect the positions (and current
pricing) in each account as well as transactions in each account, including fees paid from an account.
Account custodians also provide prompt confirmation of all trading activity, and year-end tax
statements, such as 1099 forms directly to you. In addition, we provide at least an annual report for
each managed portfolio. This written report normally includes a summary of portfolio holdings and
performance results. Additional reports are available at your request.
Item 14 - Client Referrals and Other Compensation
for more information.
As noted above, we receive some indirect economic benefits from the Custodians based on the amount
of client assets held at the Custodians. Our clients do not pay more for investment transactions effected
and/or assets maintained at the Custodians as a result of this arrangement. There is no corresponding
commitment made by us to the Custodians or any other entity to invest any specific amount or
percentage of client assets with any specific manager, SAM, in any specific mutual fund, security or other
investment product.
Brokerage Practices
Additionally, neither the Custodians nor any other outside party is paid to refer clients to us. Please see
Item 15 - Custody
General Information
Schwab, Fidelity and Raymond James are the custodians of the majority of our discretionary client
accounts. From time to time however, you may select an alternate custodian or broker to hold accounts
in custody. We offer open architecture and have the ability to work with any custodian that you may
select.
In any case, it is the custodian’s responsibility to provide you with confirmations of trading activity, tax
forms and at least quarterly account statements. You are advised to review this information carefully,
and to notify us of any questions or concerns. You are also asked to promptly notify us if the custodian
fails to provide statements on each account held.
From time to time and in accordance with our agreement with you, we will provide additional reports.
The account balances reflected on these reports should be compared to the balances shown on the
brokerage statements to ensure accuracy. At times there may be small differences due to the timing of
dividend reporting, pending trades and other similar issues.
Although we do not offer custody services for clients directly as a “qualified custodian” (as such term is
defined in the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“the Act”), our principals occasionally provide services
that may cause us to be deemed to have custody of client assets under the Act. In order to comply with
the legal requirement of the Act, our policy (as noted in the previous paragraph) is to require each
client’s funds (including those over which we may be deemed to have custody) to be maintained at a
Page 17
“qualified custodian” that sends at least quarterly account statements to the client or the client’s
designated representative. Copies of the account statements are available to us electronically. We have
formed a reasonable belief based on the availability of these statements that the “qualified custodian” is
providing account statements directly to clients at least quarterly. We also encourage all clients to check
account balances and activity when they receive account statements and to contact us with any
questions.
We have engaged Nichols, Cauley & Associates, LLC (“NCA”) for custody related surprise examinations
to review accounts where SAA has implied custody. NCA is an independent public accounting firm
registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. Because we have implied custody,
these annual examinations are mandated by the SEC Custody Rule and are conducted on a surprise basis.
A copy of the annual report is available upon request. It is also available through the SEC’s website,
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Conifer Funds
Conifer Advisors is deemed to have custody of the assets of the Conifer Funds. Conifer Advisers
addresses its deemed custody over Conifer Funds by maintaining the Conifer Funds’ assets with a
“qualified custodian” and providing Conifer Fund investors with annual audited financial statements.
Item 16 - Investment Discretion
Advisory Business
discretionary accounts
As described in the
section, we will accept clients on either a discretionary or non-
, a Limited Power of Attorney (“LPOA”) is executed by
discretionary basis. For
you, giving us the authority to carry out various activities in your account, generally including the
following: trade execution; the ability to request checks on your behalf; and, the withdrawal of advisory
fees directly from your account. We then direct investment of your portfolio using our discretionary
authority. You may limit the terms of the LPOA to the extent consistent with your investment advisory
agreement with us and the requirements of your custodian.
non-discretionary
For some
accounts, you retain the authority to place trades. In other cases, you
execute an LPOA, which allows us to carry out trade recommendations and approved actions in your
portfolio. However, in accordance with the investment advisory agreement between you and SAA, we
do not implement trading recommendations or other actions in your account unless and until you have
approved the recommendation or action. As with discretionary accounts, you may limit the terms of the
LPOA, subject to our agreement with you and the requirements of your custodian.
Item 17 - Voting Client Securities
Where we have authority to vote proxies, we will seek to vote proxies in the best interest of the client(s)
holding the applicable securities. We offer this service to clients holding accounts at Schwab and Fidelity
only. In voting proxies, we consider factors that we believe relate to your investment(s) and factors, if
any, that are set forth in written instructions from you.
for
:
In general, we believe that voting proxies in accordance with the following guidelines, with respect to
such routine items, is in your best interest. Accordingly, we generally vote
•
•
•
•
The election of directors (where no corporate governance issues are implicated);
Proposals that strengthen the shared interests of shareholders and management;
The selection of independent auditors based on management or director recommendation,
unless a conflict of interest is perceived;
Proposals that we believe may lead to an increase in shareholder value;
Page 18
•
•
Management recommendations adding or amending indemnification provisions in charter or
by-laws; and
Proposals that maintain or increase the rights of shareholders.
against
We will generally vote
any proposals that we believe will have a negative impact on shareholder
value or rights. If we perceive a conflict of interest, our policy is to notify affected clients so that they
may choose the course of action they deem most appropriate.
In most cases, these guidelines allow us to vote with management.
To facilitate the proxy voting process, we have engaged Broadridge Financial Solutions, an unaffiliated,
third-party proxy voting service. Broadridge aggregates our client’s holdings at Schwab and Fidelity
and then processes each vote in accordance with our established policy. The services we receive from
Broadridge include record-keeping of historical votes and data gathering for filing Form N-PX as
required. We regularly review Broadridge to assess its capacity and competency in providing these
services.
A copy of our complete policy, as well as records of proxies voted, are available to you upon request.
As described in Item 12, SAA has some clients who custody their accounts at Raymond James. As a
policy, Raymond James does not allow investment advisers to vote proxies on behalf of clients.
Therefore, these clients must retain proxy voting responsibility on their accounts.
Item 18 - Financial Information
We are unaware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet our
contractual commitments relating to our authority over your accounts and have not been the subject of
a bankruptcy petition.
ANY QUESTIONS: Our Chief Compliance Officer, Brad Jackson, remains available to address any
questions that you may have regarding any information disclosed in this document.
Page 19
Set forth below is the Summary of Material Changes for Southeast Asset Advisors, LLC:
Date of Change
Description of Item
November 2024
Exhibit A, Brochure Supplement
Alexander Rowe (“Alec”) joined Southeast Asset Advisors as an Advisor
Investment Adviser
and Portfolio Manager, and became an
Representative. Please see
for more
information on this material change.