View Document Text
Form ADV Part 2A
Signature Family Wealth Advisors
Doing Business As Brown Advisory
101 West Main Street, Suite 700
Norfolk, VA 23510
Phone: (410)537-5400
E-mail: compliancegroup@brownadvisory.com
Web: www.brownadvisory.com
March 28, 2025
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Signature
Financial Management, Inc., doing business as Brown Advisory (“Brown Advisory”). The
information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Brown Advisory also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. You can search this site by a unique identifying number, known as a
CRD number. Brown Advisory’s CRD number is 106375.
Brown Advisory is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. The use of the terms
“registered investment adviser” or “registered” by us does not imply by itself any level of skill
or training. The oral and written communications we provide to you, including this brochure,
contain information you can use to evaluate us (and other advisers), which are factors in your
decision to hire us or to continue to maintain a mutually beneficial relationship.
ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES
This brochure is the annual updating amendment to the prior brochure dated March 28, 2024.
This brochure contains material changes and expanded disclosures in the following areas:
•
•
•
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss – New discussions
of potential risks related to investment companies and exchange-traded funds, real estate
and real estate investment trusts, and sustainable investing.
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices – Expanded discussion of factors considered in selecting or
recommending broker-dealers for client transactions.
Clients may request a copy of the Form ADV Part 2A at any time without charge by sending a
written request to our Chief Compliance Officer at 901 S. Bond Street, Suite 400, Baltimore,
Maryland 21231 or by email to compliancegroup@brownadvisory.com
2
ITEM 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 2: Material Changes ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Item 3 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................... 3
Item 4 Advisory Business .................................................................................................................................................. 4
Item 5 Fees and Compensation ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management .............................................................. 11
Item 7 Types of Clients ......................................................................................................................................................13
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss ................................................. 14
Item 9 Disciplinary Information .................................................................................................................................. 23
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ...................................................................... 23
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions & Personal Trading 26
Item 12 Brokerage Practices .......................................................................................................................................... 30
Item 13 Review of Accounts .......................................................................................................................................... 32
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation ............................................................................................ 33
Item 15: Custody .................................................................................................................................................................. 34
Item 16 Investment Discretion ...................................................................................................................................... 34
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................................................ 35
Item 18: Financial Information ..................................................................................................................................... 38
3
ITEM 4 ADVISORY BUSINESS
General Description of the Advisory Firm. Signature Financial Management, Inc.,
A.
doing business as Brown Advisory (“Brown Advisory”), was founded in 1994 in Norfolk,
Virginia. Brown Advisory is a wholly owned subsidiary of Brown Advisory Incorporated
(“BAI”), which is organized as a corporation and is an affiliate of Brown Advisory LLC
(“BALLC”), a limited liability company registered with the SEC as an investment adviser
pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Additional information about BALLC is
available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Description of Advisory Services. Brown Advisory provides integrated wealth
B.
management services to high net worth individuals and their families, and to a small number of
charitable trusts and foundations. These services are designed to assist our clients in identifying
and realizing their investment objectives in coordination with their other professional advisors.
Our offerings include the following:
Investment Management
Brown Advisory’s approach to investing is long-term, generally defined as a full market cycle,
lasting 7 to more than 10 years. We invest globally in both active and passive strategies. We
invest in active strategies with managers we believe have an identifiable edge in their
investment process. Investments in passive strategies generally include ETFs and index funds,
capturing market exposure with lower fees. We focus on risk as well as return, managing risk
primarily by diversification and attention to valuation and we are willing to sacrifice on the
upside in order to protect the downside. Across all strategies, Brown Advisory seeks to manage
fees and taxes as part of our investment process.
In addition to investment advisory services, we provide other services, including:
Strategic Planning and Family Governance
Brown Advisory assists clients in developing a strategic plan with measurable outcomes. This
plan often includes documenting goals for future generations, outlining a process and
implementing a plan for business succession, organizing family meetings, and educating
children about financial matters.
Cash Management
Our cash management services include developing and tracking budgets, providing bill-paying
services and expense summaries, funding trusts and monitoring their distributions, and
administering the processes around minimum required distributions and charitable giving.
Income Tax Organization
We assist in aggregating data for both individual and entity tax preparation by client CPAs and
participate in tax planning with CPAs and other advisors.
Risk Management
Brown Advisory reviews certain security needs, analyzes insurance policies, assists in
developing risk reduction strategies, and coordinates the details of insurance titling with estate
plan and asset protection in mind.
4
Estate and Wealth Transfer Planning
We coordinate estate planning with other advisors and integrate a strategy of investments
consistent with that plan, prepare illustrations and summaries of documents for grantors,
trustees, and beneficiaries, and assist in estate settlement.
Household Administration
We assist in household administration, including employee confidentiality agreements,
regulatory compliance, payroll processing, and health and retirement plan implementation for
staff.
Philanthropic Planning
Brown Advisory advises on various charitable strategies, organizes and implements impactful
giving plans, and coordinates execution tactics with legal and accounting advisors.
Availability of Tailored Services for Individual Clients. Because each client’s
C.
planning needs are different, Brown Advisory tailors its services to the needs of each individual
client. We design client portfolios to reflect different levels of risk and return, as well as a
client’s need for liquidity, tolerance for concentrated positions in illiquid investments, and time
horizon. Clients may impose restrictions on investing in certain securities or types of securities.
We offer to meet with each client as often as necessary for the client to feel comfortable with
the investment process and call each client to meet at least annually.
D. Wrap Fee Program. Brown Advisory does not sponsor wrap fee programs.
Assets Under Management. As of December 31, 2024, Brown Advisory had
E.
approximately $7.3 billion in assets under management, of which approximately $7.28 billion
is discretionary, and $38.4 million is non-discretionary.
ITEM 5 FEES AND COMPENSATION
Advisory Fees. Brown Advisory enters into a written investment advisory agreement
A.
with its clients, the terms of which are negotiable. The advisory agreement contains the fee
arrangement. Brown Advisory charges investment advisory fees as a percentage of assets under
management or as a flat fee. Fees are generally billed quarterly in arrears. If the fee is asset
based, the fee generally is calculated on the value of the portfolio as of the last day of the
quarter. Brown Advisory’s standard fee is 1.00% per year on the first $1,000,000; 0.75% on the
next $2,000,000; 0.65% on the next $2,000,000; and 0.50% on assets greater than $5,000,000.
Brown Advisory negotiates fees for accounts depending on the size and type of account, the
investments in the account, and the services required.
Payment of Fees. Clients generally authorize Brown Advisory to take payment of
B.
fees as they become due out of the client’s account. Brown Advisory has the discretion to
redeem at the then-current price or current net asset value a sufficient number of account
securities in order to pay these fees. Fees are deducted quarterly. Some clients choose to pay by
check. Brown Advisory provides a quarterly billing statement so that the client can confirm the
accuracy of the fee calculation.
5
Other Fees and Expenses. Investment advisory fees payable to Brown Advisory do not
C.
include all the fees the client will pay when we purchase or sell securities for the client’s
account(s). Investment advisory fees cover investment management. Clients also are
responsible for paying custody fees, fees and expenses associated with collateral loans, any
third party administration expenses, brokerage charges, fund expenses, taxes or other costs
related to the purchase and sale of securities for a client’s account, including available cash
sweep options. Custody fees will vary depending on the custodian. All brokerage charges and
related transaction costs are charged to the account(s) as they occur. See Item 12 for additional
information about our brokerage practices.
Mutual funds, ETFs, money managers, and private placement vehicles also charge investment
management fees in addition to Brown Advisory’s fees. The fund prospectus, the private
placement documents, or the separate agreement between the money manager and the client
explain these fees.
All investment advisory fees paid to us for portfolio management services are separate from the
fees and expenses incurred in respect of any mutual funds, ETF, collective investment trusts
(“CITs”), limited partnerships or private funds in which client assets may be invested, including
funds or partnerships advised by us or our affiliates. The vehicle’s prospectus or offering
document provides details of such fees and expenses, as well as differences across share classes.
When clients hold BALLC-sponsored mutual funds and/or ETFs in an account that is charged
an investment advisory fee by Brown Advisory or any of its affiliates, Brown Advisory has
policies and procedures in place designed to ensure that a client is credited its approximate pro-
rata share of the management fee paid to Brown Advisory by the affiliated mutual fund or ETF
as an offset against, and to the extent of, the client’s investment advisory fee for the applicable
billing period, unless otherwise noted in the fund’s prospectus or offering document or
otherwise negotiated. Typically, these fees are calculated on a daily basis, while any such fee
offsetting occurs on a quarterly basis. Exceptions to this fee-offsetting practice apply if a fund
is operating over its expense cap or to the extent that the allocable share of the management fee
to be deducted exceeds the client’s investment advisory fee for the applicable billing period. In
cases where any such mutual fund has exceeded its expense cap, the firm will cover the excess
expenses and reduce the quarterly rebate to clients to the extent of the expenses incurred by the
affiliated mutual fund. If the firm subsequently is able to recoup any such expenses allocable to
an affiliated mutual fund in excess of an expense cap, the firm will not increase the rebate
amount over the investment advisory fee; these recouped expenses will be borne by the client.
Clients are not rebated any fees in respect of investments made in privately offered funds
offered by us or any of our affiliates. As such, investors in such affiliated funds will pay three
levels of fees and expenses as discussed in Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side
Management: (1) to the underlying fund managers or private equity entities; (2) to Brown
Advisory or one of its affiliates as general partner; and (3) to Brown Advisory as investment
adviser.
Within mutual funds, other fees, including business management or shareholder servicing fees
(i.e., administrative services fees) are charged as described in the relevant prospectus and SAI.
An affiliate receives fees for proprietary registered funds. Shareholder servicing fees are
6
utilized to cover expenses related to ongoing servicing of existing shareholders. The business
management fees are utilized to cover business related expenses incurred by the funds; some
examples of these expenses include but are not limited to Board of Trustee relations, technology
expenses, and overhead.
For purposes of charging shareholder servicing fees to its clients, Brown Advisory classifies its
affiliates’ internally managed and sub‐advised mutual funds into two categories based on the
inception date of the mutual fund. For mutual funds incepted prior to 2013, Brown Advisory
typically provides rebates to its clients, up to the amount of the investment advisory fee to be
paid by the client, in an amount necessary to provide the client with a net expense ratio
equivalent to that available for the lowest fee class shares, typically the institutional share class.
For funds incepted in 2013 and thereafter, clients typically are invested in the share class
offering the lowest net expense ratio that is available to the client. Certain custodians may not
offer the lowest fee share classes offered in Brown Advisory’s affiliates’ mutual funds and sub-
advised mutual funds on their platforms. In these cases, clients will be invested in the lowest
share class available on the custodian’s platform, which may not be the lowest share class
offered by the fund. Therefore, clients should not assume that their assets will be invested in
the share class with the lowest possible expense ratio.
Investors in private equity fund-of-funds managed by the firm or one of its affiliates typically
are subject to an annual management fee based on one of two calculation methodologies, unless
otherwise noted in the fund’s private placement memorandum or other offering documents: 1)
on an investor’s (i) capital commitments, or (ii) after the end of the investment period, switching
to the market value of capital account; or 2) on the lesser of (i) invested capital and (ii) net
assets of the fund. Beginning in 2024, the firm adopted a tiered management fee structure for
many of its private equity funds that is based on an investor’s capital commitment. Under this
tiered structure, the management fees typically range from 0.0% per annum to 0.50% per
annum. Management fees are typically paid by requiring investors in firm-sponsored funds to
make capital contributions in respect of such fees or withholding the amount of such fees from
investment proceeds that would otherwise be distributable to the investors of such funds.
Additionally, certain of the private equity fund-of-funds managed by the firm or one of its
affiliates charge investors carried interest, which can range from 5% to 10%. Further detail
about a fund’s management fee and carried interest, as applicable, are described in the vehicle’s
private placement memorandum or other offering documents. Private equity investments by
clients of the firm, including firm-sponsored and non-firm-sponsored investments, are typically
subject to the firm’s account-level fee in addition to fees charged by the fund. Account-level
fees may be negotiated and typically are based on client assets under management or
advisement.
Investors in private funds managed by the firm or one of its affiliates to facilitate venture capital
investments typically are subject to a management fee that generally ranges from 1.5% to 2%
on capital commitments and are charged a carried interest allocation that ranges from 10% to
20% carried interest with respect to such investments. Investors in private funds managed by
NextGen, an affiliate of the firm, formed to facilitate a single venture capital investment
typically are subject to an annual administrative services fee per investor as set forth in the
applicable offering documents and also are charged carried interest which can range from 0%
to 20%, as negotiated by the investor. The manner of calculation and application of the
7
management fee, administrative services fee and the carried interest allocations are disclosed
in the offering documents for each such fund. Investors in private funds managed by the firm
or one of its affiliates to facilitate private equity investments across a range of investment types
and sectors are generally charged a carried interest allocation of 3% with respect to such
investments. Investors in these particular vehicles are also subject to a contingent management
fee wherein the investor will be required to pay a management fee in the event that the investor’s
investment advisory relationship with the firm or one of its affiliates is terminated.
Management fees are typically paid by requiring investors in firm-sponsored funds to make
capital contributions in respect of such fees or withholding the amount of such fees from
investment proceeds that would otherwise be distributable to the investors of such funds.
Carried interest allocations are typically deducted from investment proceeds that would
otherwise be distributable to the investors in the venture capital fund.
The firm typically charges investors in the hedge fund-of-funds or long equity partnerships it
manages a management fee. From time to time, an incentive fee is charged in addition to the
management fee, as set forth in the applicable offering documents. The management fees
typically range from 0.40% to 1.25% of the net asset value of the applicable fund per year,
typically are calculated and payable monthly in arrears and are deducted from an investor’s
capital account in the fund. Each fund’s private placement memorandum or other offering
document describes its fee structure in detail. Hedge fund-of-fund or long equity partnership
investments by clients of the firm, including with respect to firm-sponsored and non-firm-
sponsored alternative funds, also may be subject to an account-level fee, which may be
negotiated and which typically is based on client assets under management or advisement, as
described in the fund’s offering document or the relevant investment management agreement
between the firm and the client.
The management and incentive fees charged by private funds sponsored by Brown Advisory
and its affiliates are in addition to fees and expenses charged by the underlying funds and
investments in which each such fund invests, as applicable, details of which are set forth in the
funds’ private placement memoranda or offering documents. In addition, management, account-
level fees and carried interest allocations are subject to modification, waiver or reduction, at the
election of Brown Advisory or its affiliates.
In general, investors in private funds sponsored by Brown Advisory or its affiliates must make
a minimum investment in the fund, typically $100,000, as set forth in the offering documents.
However, the minimum investment is subject to waiver at the discretion of Brown Advisory or
its affiliates. Additionally, all investors in these funds must meet specific suitability and
investor eligibility requirements in order to invest. Specific opportunities may require higher
levels of investment. Finally, investors in both affiliated and unaffiliated alternative investments
generally bear additional, account-level fees imposed by Brown Advisory in respect of their
investments. These account-level fees are charged quarterly and typically are charged based on
the value of the alternative investment, as reported to Brown Advisory or the client by the fund
in which a client invests. Such account-level fees can be negotiated with a client and may be
waived by Brown Advisory for certain clients. As a general rule, valuations of alternative
investment funds are updated quarterly and therefore do reflect current market conditions. In
addition, investments in funds that in turn invest directly in portfolio companies typically
8
receive an updated valuation only when the portfolio company raises additional funds or adjusts
its valuation due to market conditions, later-round investments and other factors.
For both registered and private funds, it is common for different share classes to maintain
different fees. Certain share classes may receive more favorable fee structures. There is no
guarantee that a client will be invested in the lowest share class offered or receive terms as
favorable as those received by other clients of the firm. In addition, depending on the
circumstances and from time to time, share class or fund minimums (either for private or mutual
funds managed by Brown Advisory or one of its affiliates) are waived or lowered. Examples of
these circumstances may include clients that maintain additional accounts or have a long-
standing relationship with the firm or employees who are also clients of the firm.
In the case of affiliated pooled investment vehicles, the investors in such vehicles are required
to pay all costs and expenses related to the operation of the vehicle. These costs and expenses
can include organizational and offering expenses, including, without limitation, legal,
accounting, travel, meeting, printing, federal or state securities law filings and other fees and
expenses incidental thereto. In addition to the organizational and offering expenses, investors
pay all of the operating expenses of such funds, including but not limited to: (i) any sales taxes
or other taxes, fees, penalties or government charges of any kind which may be assessed against
the funds and all expenses incurred in connection with any tax audit, investigation, settlement
or review of the funds; (ii) commissions or brokerage fees or similar charges incurred in
connection with the purchase or sale of securities (including any fees payable to third parties
and whether or not any such purchase or sale is consummated); (iii) interest on and fees and
expenses arising out of all permitted borrowings made by the funds; (iv) all costs and expenses
(including legal fees, judgments and amounts paid in defense and settlement) relating to
litigation and threatened litigation involving the funds, including, without limitation,
settlements of claims and indemnification expenses; (v) expenses incurred in connection with
distributions made by the funds; (vi) expenses associated with preparation and distribution of
financial statements, tax returns and filings and the funds’ (and any qualified custodian’s)
reports to their investors; (vii) expenses incurred in connection with the purchase, holding, sale
or proposed sale of any investment (whether or not consummated); (viii) all fees and expenses
attributable to normal and extraordinary investment banking, commercial banking, accounting,
third-party administration, auditing, appraisal, legal, custodial, registration services, and
valuation services provided to the funds; (ix) premiums for insurance to protect the fund, the
general partner of the fund, the officers, directors and members of the general partner and any
of their respective partners, members, stockholders, officers, directors, managers, trustees,
employees, agents, consultants and affiliates in connection with the activities of the funds; (x)
fees and expenses associated with any federal or state securities law filings incurred in
connection with the ongoing operations of the funds; (xi) out-of-pocket expenses of members
of any advisory committee; (xii) liquidation expenses; (xiii) auditors’ expenses; and (xiv) any
other reasonable out-of-pocket expenses related to the business of the funds, as determined by
the firm in its sole discretion. Each fund’s share of the aggregate operating expenses is
determined by the firm in a manner it deems equitable.
9
Private Equity Funds – Firm Line of Credit
Certain affiliates of the firm have the ability to provide a line of credit to private funds
sponsored by Brown Advisory Investment Solutions Group LLC (“BAISG”) that facilitate
investments in private equity managers, hedge fund managers and direct venture capital and
private equity investments. The affiliates may determine, in their sole discretion, to extend
credit to a private fund; however, they are not under an obligation to extend credit to a private
fund and some private funds may participate in the line of credit while other private funds are
not given the opportunity to borrow against the line of credit. Private funds sponsored by Brown
Advisory are not eligible to participate in the firm line of credit.
Where a line of credit is extended, the lending affiliate receives a fee in the form of interest
payments in respect of money loaned to a private fund under the line of credit. This fee is borne
by the investors in the fund and is in addition to the other fees payable to BAISG or one of its
affiliates as the managing member, general partner or investment adviser to the private fund.
Payments made by a private fund to satisfy an interest or maturity payment will decrease the
amount of capital in the private fund available for investment and will not produce any returns
for the investors. A lending affiliate can modify the maturity date or interest due on a loan at
any time in its sole discretion. These actions will disadvantage the private fund and its investors
if they cause a fund to forgo an investment opportunity in whole or in part in order to satisfy an
interest payment or payment due at term.
In addition, we engage fund administrators and other service providers to perform certain
functions for Brown Advisory-sponsored investment funds, including but not limited to fund
administration, custody, execution, record keeping, investor correspondence, performance
reporting, capital calls and distributions, data collection for various regulatory reporting, and
tax filings. These expenses are borne by the investors in the advisory client investment funds.
Brown Advisory and our affiliates, and funds sponsored by Brown Advisory and our affiliates,
may engage common service providers, such as administrators, lenders, attorneys, and
custodians. In such circumstances, there may be a conflict of interest between the firm and its
affiliates, on the one hand, and the investment fund it sponsors, on the other hand, in
determining whether to engage such service providers, including the possibility that the firm or
its affiliates will favor the engagement or continued engagement of such persons if they receive
a benefit from such service providers, such as lower fees or continuity of services, that it would
not receive absent the engagement of such service provider by the sponsored funds. In addition,
the firm and its personnel, as well as investment funds it sponsors, may have investments in
certain service providers. In such cases, the firm may be incentivized to engage the service
provider in order to benefit its investment. In certain circumstances, service providers, or their
affiliates, charge different rates or have different arrangements for services provided to the firm
or its affiliates, including other funds sponsored by the firm and its affiliates, which may result
in the firm or its affiliates receiving more favorable rates or arrangements with respect to
services provided to it by a common service provider than those payable by the advisory client
funds. In most cases, the funds’ allocable share of the costs and expenses of these service
providers will be borne (directly or indirectly) by the funds and their respective investors (and
not the firm).
10
Fees Payable in Advance. Brown Advisory charges some clients quarterly in advance.
D.
In these cases, Brown Advisory refunds a portion of the fee, prorated on a daily basis, to the
client should the contract be cancelled during the billing period.
E.
Compensation for Sale of Securities or Other Investment Products. We compensate
employees for business development activity, including the attraction or retention of client
assets.
Certain employees are eligible to receive performance-based compensation for certain
transactions initiated and executed by the Private Equity and the Venture Capital teams or
receive compensation based on a share of the profits on a pooled investment vehicle sponsored
by the firm or its affiliates. These compensation arrangements have the potential to incentivize
members of the Private Equity and Venture Capital investment teams to pursue certain higher
risk transactions or investments or to dedicate more time to funds and investments where they
have the potential to earn more compensation.
ITEM 6 PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
Brown Advisory sponsors investment limited partnerships available only to investors who meet
specified financial qualifications. Generally, these investors are our advisory clients. Brown
Advisory, its owners, officers, and employees have also invested in these partnerships, some of
which provide for performance-based fees in addition to quarterly management fees. Such
performance-based fees may create an incentive for the General Partner to favor those accounts
over those that provide for asset-based or flat fees. Brown Advisory does not use discretionary
investment management authority to invest client funds in Brown Advisory-sponsored
partnerships nor does it require any client to invest in Brown Advisory partnerships. Brown
Advisory and its affiliates offer alternative investment opportunities with non-affiliated funds
to clients who prefer not to invest in Brown Advisory partnerships.
Brown Advisory and its affiliates maintain and enforce written policies and procedures designed
to ensure that allocation decisions are made in a manner Brown Advisory and its affiliates
believe (i) is consistent with its obligations and fiduciary duties and (ii) that consistently
advantage or disadvantage particular clients, regardless of the fee arrangement. In addition, we
have adopted trading practices designed to address potential conflicts of interest inherent in
proprietary and client discretionary trading, including bunching and allocation.
Notwithstanding the allocation policies of Brown Advisory and its affiliates, the availability,
amount, timing, structuring or terms of investments available to particular client accounts with
similar investment objectives will differ in certain circumstances. Certain affiliates’
Institutional equity and fixed income mutual funds, ETFs, CITs and strategies from time to time
are presented with opportunities to invest in privately offered securities, confidentially
marketed securities, initial and secondary offerings and follow-on offerings. Depending on the
terms and timing of the transaction, these securities offerings will be allocated only to
applicable affiliate-sponsored mutual funds, ETFs, CITs or other pooled investment funds in
order to reduce administrative burdens or minimize operational risks or complexities. If more
than one fund is eligible to participate in a capacity-constrained securities offering, Brown
Advisory’s affiliates will allocate the available securities across the funds in a manner it deems
11
to be fair and equitable. Separately managed accounts following the same investment strategy
as a participating mutual fund, ETF or CIT will not receive an allocation in certain
circumstances. Separately managed accounts will gain exposure to such offerings when the
securities begin trading in the public markets. In these cases, separately managed accounts will
not receive the benefits of price discounts or other benefits of direct investments, such as
reduced or zero brokerage commissions. Allocating such investments to affiliated mutual funds,
ETFs, CITs or other pooled investment funds will result in additional fees payable to Brown
Advisory or its affiliates, as applicable, and, in certain cases, better performance results. Please
also see the disclosure in Item 11.D–Additional Conflicts of Interest.
Collateralized Loans
Clients may elect to use some or all of their separate account assets to collateralize a loan
(referred to below as a “credit line loan” or “loan”), provided these clients meet certain
eligibility requirements. Specifically, clients will be required to execute separate loan
documents with U.S. Bank or another lender (referred to below as the “lender”).
Clients are responsible for independently evaluating if the loan is appropriate for their needs,
the lending terms are acceptable, and whether the loan will have potential adverse tax
consequences to the client. The decision whether to arrange a loan or draw down on a loan and
how loan proceeds are used is not encompassed within the client’s advisory relationship with
Brown Advisory. That relationship is governed exclusively by the loan documentation between
the client and the lender.
Since a client’s separate account or subaccount will be pledged to support any loans extended
under the credit line program, clients will not be permitted to withdraw any of the assets in the
separate account unless there is a sufficient amount of collateral otherwise supporting the loans
(as determined by the lender in its sole discretion).
If a client participates in the credit line program, the client will pay interest and fees to the
lender separately and in addition to any separate account fees charged by Brown Advisory,
which results in compensation to the lender and not Brown Advisory. The fees and interest rate
charged in connection with a credit line loan from U.S. Bank or a different lender of the client’s
choosing may be higher than that charged by other lenders.
As Brown Advisory is compensated primarily through advisory fees paid on client accounts,
we have an incentive for clients to draw down on a credit line loan to meet liquidity needs rather
than sell securities in its advisory account, which would reduce Brown Advisory’s advisory fee.
This presents a conflict of interest when addressing a client’s needs for liquidity. Brown
Advisory mitigates this conflict by training and supervising personnel to make investment
decisions that are in the client’s best interest.
In order to preserve sufficient collateral value to support the loan and avoid a margin call that
would reduce fee-based account assets, we have an incentive to invest the account in more
conservative investment choices, which could result in lower performance in certain market
conditions. We mitigate this conflict of interest through polices and supervisory procedures
12
designed to ensure that investment decisions are consistent with the client’s investment
strategies.
In general, credit line loans extended by U.S. Bank and other lenders are full recourse demand
loans and are “margin loans” subject to collateral maintenance requirements. If the required
collateral value is not maintained, the lender typically can require a client/borrower to post
additional collateral (commonly referred to as a “margin call”) or repay part or all of the loan
and/or sell securities. With such loans, clients are personally responsible for repaying the credit
line loan in full, regardless of the value of the collateral.
Failure to promptly meet a request for additional collateral (a margin call) or repayment or other
circumstances (e.g., a rapidly declining market) could cause the lender to liquidate or instruct
Brown Advisory to liquidate some or all of the collateral to meet the credit line requirements
or to repay all or a portion of the outstanding margin or credit line obligations. It is possible
that neither Brown Advisory nor the client will be provided advanced notice of a liquidation or
transfer of securities that have been pledged as collateral. Furthermore, it is possible that neither
Brown Advisory nor the client is entitled to choose the securities to be liquidated or transferred.
Depending on market circumstances, the prices obtained for the securities could be less than
favorable.
Any required liquidations may result in adverse tax consequences. Neither Brown Advisory nor
the lender provide legal or tax advice. Clients should consult legal and tax advisors regarding
the legal and tax implications of margin borrowing and using securities as collateral for a loan.
In the event of a forced liquidation described above, Brown Advisory will not act as investment
adviser to the client with respect to the liquidation of securities held in a separate account to
meet a credit line loan demand. The lender has the right to protect its own commercial interests
and take actions that may adversely affect the management of your account and related
performance.
Securities backed financing involves special risks (including, without limitation, being subject
to a margin call if certain collateral value requirements are not met) and is not suitable for
everyone. For further information, please see the lender’s Disclosure Statement. Clients are
encouraged to speak to Brown Advisory to the extent they have questions about how their
account may be used in connection with a credit line loan and how such arrangement should be
taken into consideration when discussing the management of the client’s account.
ITEM 7 TYPES OF CLIENTS
Brown Advisory generally has two categories of clients:
Family Office clients generally are families with $20 million or more in net worth who have
complex financial issues and require financial services beyond investment management, such as
strategic planning and family governance, cash management, tax organization and analysis, risk
management, trust and estate planning and administration, philanthropic consulting, bill-paying
and household employee administration, and concierge service analysis.
13
Family Wealth clients generally are families with $5 to $20 million in net worth whose services
include some of the above but without the same level of complexity. Brown Advisory generally
requires that accounts must hold at least $5 million in investment assets in order to be accepted for
management. We will waive the account minimum depending on the client relationship, client
service requirements and other circumstances.
Although Brown Advisory clients are predominantly individuals, their families and family
entities, Brown Advisory also advises charitable organizations. Brown Advisory does not
directly advise outside pension or profit-sharing plans but provides investment advice to
individual clients with respect to the self-directed portion of their retirement plans.
ITEM 8: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, AND RISK OF
LOSS
A. Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies. Brown Advisory seeks to achieve
client investment objectives by allocating among asset classes, choosing affiliated strategies
and funds, as well as non-affiliated money managers, monitoring the money managers’
performance, and employing certain risk management or other techniques designed to enhance
returns. Brown Advisory seeks to diversify the assets in client accounts as its primary risk
management tool. Brown Advisory invests client portfolios in several asset classes, including
public and private equities, fixed income, real assets, and hedge funds. Brown Advisory’s client
portfolios are intended to reflect the client’s risk and return objectives, time frame, liquidity
constraints and other applicable limitations.
Brown Advisory develops asset allocation strategies based on its independent research and its
understanding of current economic conditions. Brown Advisory uses analytic tools from
sources such as Morningstar and Bloomberg and commentary and analysis from various
financial institutions.
Brown Advisory uses both affiliated and non-affiliated managers to invest various portions of
a portfolio in accordance with a client’s asset allocation. Investments may be in the United
States, developed countries, or emerging markets, and the allocation among markets will change
from time to time depending on underlying economic conditions and perceived risks and
opportunities. Portfolios may include investments in companies of all sizes and in any sector,
public and private, including investments in energy, natural resources, distressed securities, real
estate, venture capital and buy-out, and other private equity, as well as any other business
sectors or types of investments. In some cases, managers may invest in futures contracts,
derivative instruments, duration investments, and other securities and financial instruments and
may employ hedging or other non-traditional investing techniques, such as long and short equity
investing, relative value and event driven arbitrage strategies, distressed securities investing,
trading and short selling strategies, opportunistic investing in global equity and fixed income
investing, and specialized equity investing.
Brown Advisory chooses managers for their expertise in particular investment strategies. Brown
Advisory seeks to select managers that have demonstrated the ability to achieve risk adjusted rates
14
of return greater than those available through traditional public equity investing and puts particular
emphasis on managers who engage in extensive research and fundamental analysis.
In selecting managers, Brown Advisory considers a number of factors, including without
limitation the following:
Strong consistent historical returns
Well-articulated and understandable investment strategies
Reasonable expenses
Tax efficiency
Transparency
Manageable downside risk and
A strong cohesive team that is aligned with investor interests.
Brown Advisory generally compares the historical investment results of comparable managers,
evaluates written information supplied by the money managers and others, and conducts
interviews when possible with unaffiliated firms who manage money for clients.
We provide our clients with access to Institutional strategies sponsored by our affiliates as well
as to outside managers through our affiliated Investment Solutions Group. This service provides
clients greater access to a wider range of investing opportunities and asset classes, including
international equities, emerging-markets equities, global fixed income, high yield fixed income,
private investments, commodities, hedge funds, real estate, and sustainable investing solutions
across a variety of asset classes. By combining our external manager research process with our
extensive in-house resources, we enhance our customized portfolio management capabilities
for clients.
The Investment Solutions Group provides clients with access to external investment
management capabilities. To establish the list of managers, the Investment Solutions Group:
Follows a disciplined process of research, selecting and monitoring investment managers;
Identifies strategies and managers that it believes has the potential to add value to a client’s
total portfolio;
Are proactive in identifying, researching and executing opportunities around the globe; and
Leverage the Investment Solution Group’s network to access ideas and investing
opportunities. Its network includes but is not limited to attorneys and accountants, industry
connections, foundations and endowments, national and local government officials,
research universities, board directors and members, executives and business owners,
consultants, investment bankers, venture capital and private equity firms, and national and
local decision makers.
Brown Advisory and its affiliates sponsor private funds that provide exposure to alternative
investments and managers, including private equity, venture capital, private credit real estate,
global macro and event-driven strategies. In the fund-of-fund business, the firm focuses on
investing with established, performance-oriented managers and firms.
15
For many clients, we offer what we term “strategic advisory services,” which we define as the
wide range of services to assist with tax planning, intergenerational wealth transfer,
philanthropic planning, family business advisory, and wealth structuring. Many of our strategic
advisors are current or former attorneys or certified professional accountants who previously
specialized in trust and estate, tax, accounting or non-profit matters and are experienced in
working cooperatively with our clients’ attorneys, accountants, executive and family members,
board and committee members, staff, portfolio managers and account administrators to deliver
clients an integrated solution. We attend regular client meetings, provide proactive anticipatory
advice on investment and tax issues, and coordinate activity with a client’s legal counsel,
accountants and other outside advisors. We communicate regularly with clients and continually
review their overall situations. As we actively manage a client’s portfolio, we will evaluate
alongside the client whether investment decisions are appropriate and in their best interest. At
all times we seek to manage clients’ assets and cash flow needs according to their investment,
risk and individual needs and objectives. Brown Advisory charges no additional fee for these
services.
As part of our strategic advisory services, from time to time we may assist clients with various
types of family advisory or family office services. Such services include, but are not limited to,
guidance with charitable and/or gift planning and philanthropic activities, as well as assistance
with budgeting and/or administration issues or tasks related to a family office or family
foundation.
Brown Advisory’s affiliate utilizes a proprietary application based on a non-proprietary large
language model that enables members of its Institutional investment research team to query a
database of publicly available documents and other research pertaining to issuers and companies
and receive, in turn, a relevant summary of such documents. This application is designed to
increase the efficiency of the research process but will not supplant Brown Advisory’s bottom-
up investment research conducted by a team of professionals. To the extent that the database
contains erroneous or incomplete information or generates false, misleading or incomplete
summaries, the Institutional investment research will be compromised unless such issues are
timely detected and rectified. If the affiliated application is subject to a cybersecurity breach or
other unauthorized access or disclosure, Brown Advisory’s investment strategies could be
replicated and clients and investors would be harmed. Brown Advisory has adopted policies
and procedures designed to test the efficacy of the Institutional equity research effort and to
protect the data security and confidentiality of this application.
Brown Advisory’s investment strategy and method of operation involve risk of loss to clients.
B. Material Risks Related to Investment Strategies. Brown Advisory recommends
investment vehicles that are primarily mutual funds, ETFs and private placement vehicles. The
subscription materials for each private placement vehicle describe its associated risks.
Loss of Capital
All securities investments involve the risk of the loss of capital. The market value of a security
may increase or decrease over time. These fluctuations can cause a security to be worth less than
the price originally paid for it or less than it was worth at an earlier time. Market risk may affect a
16
single issuer, an entire industry, or the market as a whole. Although Brown Advisory believes that
its investment program will moderate this risk to some degree through a diversification of asset
classes, investment strategies, and multiple investment managers, Brown Advisory does not
represent or guarantee that the program will be successful. A client’s portfolio may include the use
of investment managers who use such investment techniques as limited diversification, short sales,
leverage, and uncovered option transactions, which practices can, in certain circumstances,
maximize the adverse impact on invested assets and can result in a loss of the entire investment.
To the extent the investment managers pursue investment opportunities in undervalued securities
and “special situations,” there is an inherent uncertainty in the appraisal of future values and a risk
of loss of capital. Provided below is a description of risks to which an investor is exposed
depending on their portfolio holdings. Depending on the investment strategies employed, different
risks will be more applicable. Please note that the below risks do not purport to be a complete
explanation of all risks involved. Potential investors should read the mutual fund prospectus or
private placement memorandum in its entirety before investing in any mutual funds or private
funds sponsored by Brown Advisory or one of its affiliates.
Use of Leverage
Some managers may use leverage by purchasing instruments with the use of borrowed funds, or
by trading options or futures contracts. Although such techniques increase the opportunity for a
higher return on investment, they also increase the risk of loss.
Increased Costs of Frequent Trading
Some of the strategies employed by the investment managers may involve frequent trading.
Portfolio turnover and brokerage commission expenses may therefore significantly exceed those
of other investment entities of comparable size.
Volatility of Financial Markets
Financial markets are occasionally subject to material changes in price volatility. Spikes in price
volatility are typically commensurate with unexpected changes to macroeconomic or geopolitical
conditions or other idiosyncratic events. Brown Advisory cannot predict the timing of these events.
Heightened levels of volatility could disrupt Brown Advisory’s investment strategy.
Foreign Investments
Foreign investments involve certain special risks, including risks associated with political and
economic developments, higher operating expenses, foreign withholding and other taxes that
may reduce investment return, possibility of expropriation of assets, reduced availability of
public information concerning issuers and the fact that foreign issuers are not generally subject
to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards or to other regulatory
practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers. Other risks include
those resulting from fluctuations in currency exchange rates, revaluation of currencies, and the
possible imposition of currency exchange blockages. Securities of foreign issuers may be less
liquid and their prices more volatile than those of securities of comparable domestic issuers.
Transaction costs for foreign securities are generally higher than in the United States. Exchange
17
controls and tax or other regulations may affect the value and marketability of, and the returns
derived from, the foreign investments.
Emerging Markets Risks
Brown Advisory invests assets in securities issued by emerging markets companies. Securities
of many issuers in emerging markets may be more volatile and less liquid than securities of
domestic issuers and the risks of investing in foreign securities are often greater for investments
in emerging markets. These risks include the possibility of: expropriation, nationalization,
confiscatory taxation, imposition of foreign taxes on income and gains from securities such as
imposition of dividend or interest withholding, foreign exchange controls, currency blockages
or transfer restrictions, military coups or other adverse political or economic developments,
default in foreign government securities, less government supervision and regulation of
securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies, and difficulty of enforcing obligations in
other nations. In addition, investments in emerging market securities involve special
considerations due to more limited information, higher brokerage, custodial and other costs,
different accounting standards and thinner trading markets. Communication between the United
States and emerging markets may be less reliable than within the United States, increasing the
risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates for portfolio
securities.
Currency and Derivatives Risks
A decline in the value of a foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar will reduce the value of
securities denominated in that foreign currency.
Futures, options, swaps, and forward foreign currency exchange contracts are forms of
derivatives. Brown Advisory may use derivatives to gain exposure to a market sector or country,
to invest cash temporarily in a fund’s primary asset class, or to adjust the duration of a fixed
income portfolio. Brown Advisory also may use derivatives to hedge a portfolio’s currency or
interest rate risk. Brown Advisory’s use of derivatives presents several risks:
the risk that Brown Advisory, the manager or the fund will not correctly anticipate the
direction of movements in interest rates, securities prices, and foreign currency exchange
rates;
the imperfect correlation between the price of a derivative and that of the underlying
securities, interest rates, or currencies being hedged;
the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for a particular derivative;
the risk that the other parties to a derivatives contract may fail to meet their obligations
(credit risk); and
the risk that adverse price movements in a derivative can result in a loss greater than the
fund’s initial investment in the derivative (in some cases, the potential loss is unlimited).
18
Short Selling
Some underlying investment managers may engage in selling securities short. Short selling
exposes the seller to unlimited risk due to the lack of an upper limit on the price to which a security
may rise.
Lack of Liquidity in Markets
Despite the heavy volume of trading in securities and futures, the markets for some securities and
futures have limited liquidity and depth. This lack of depth could disadvantage an investor, both
in the realization of the prices which are quoted and in the execution of orders at desired prices.
Investment in Non-Marketable Securities
Managers of private equity, venture capital, and some real asset funds may invest capital in non-
marketable securities as provided in each of their governing instruments. As a result, the
investment manager may have to hold such security despite an adverse price movement.
Fund of Funds
Unregistered investment funds offered by Brown Advisory and its affiliates to provide exposure
to alternative investments typically are formed for the purpose of investing in underlying,
externally managed funds. Investors in firm-sponsored funds will not be limited partners of any
underlying funds, will have no direct interest in any underlying funds, will have no voting rights
in any underlying funds, will not be party to any underlying fund’s governing documents and may
not bring an action for breach of any such governing documents. Returns, if any, to investors in
such sponsored funds sponsored by us or our affiliates will be lower than returns, if any, to direct
investors in the underlying funds as a result of the fees and expenses charged by the firm-sponsored
funds. In addition, underlying funds in which firm-sponsored funds invest may take direct
investors. Therefore an investment in a fund offered by Brown Advisory or one of its affiliates
may not be necessary to participate in one or more underlying funds.
Successor Funds and Previous Investments
The firm and its affiliates typically are not restricted from investing in, sponsoring, managing or
advising investment vehicles which in some cases may compete with our existing funds. In
addition, certain pooled investment vehicles sponsored by Brown Advisory and its affiliates may
invest in underlying funds and investments, and in the affiliates and predecessor funds offered by
such underlying funds and investments, on terms and conditions that may be more favorable than
those on which its other advisory clients may invest. These earlier investments may have been on
terms and conditions that are more favorable than the terms and conditions offered to advisory
client funds making subsequent investments or investments in later vintage funds offered by the
underlying manager. In addition, the firm and its affiliates may give advice and recommend the
purchase of securities and other investments to other funds and clients it manages which may differ
from the advice given to or the purchases and sales made on behalf of its other advisory clients,
even though their investment strategies may be the same or similar.
19
Cyber Security Risk
The firm’s technology systems, and those of our critical third parties such as administrators,
custodians and auditors, may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses,
network failures, computer and telecommunications failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons
and security breaches, usage errors by their respective professionals, power outages and
catastrophic events such as fires, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes and earthquakes. Although we have
implemented various measures to manage risks relating to these types of events, if our systems are
compromised, become inoperable or cease to function properly, the firm and its affected advisory
clients may have to make a significant investment to fix or replace them. The failure of these
systems and/or of a disaster recovery plan for any reason could cause a significant interruption in
the operations of the firm and its clients and result in a failure to maintain the security,
confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to clients. Such
a failure could harm a person’s reputation and subject the firm to legal claims, regulatory finds and
impair business and financial performance.
Regulatory Oversight
Notwithstanding that Brown Advisory is registered as an investment adviser under the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”), and that the firm-sponsored investment
vehicles advised by Brown Advisory may be considered similar in some ways to an investment
company, such investment vehicles are not required and do not intend to register as such under
the Investment Company Act of 1940 and, accordingly, investors are not afforded by regulation
under this act.
Sanctions Risk
Economic sanctions laws in the United States and other jurisdictions prohibit Brown Advisory
from transacting with or in certain countries, with certain individuals and companies and dealing
in certain securities and instruments. These types of sanctions restrict Brown Advisory’s
investment activities and preclude us from trading in certain securities, including those securities
subject to sanctions that are held in client portfolios. Any failure by Brown Advisory to comply
with applicable sanctions could result in significant liability and reputational damage to the firm.
The United States and various other countries imposed broad sanctions in response to the
Russian Federation’s invasion of Ukraine. These sanctions are designed to isolate Russia from
the global financial system. Brown Advisory’s compliance with these sanctions laws means that
client portfolios will experience a loss to the extent that securities and instruments subject to
sanctions are held in the portfolios. In addition, these sanctions are likely to have a material
adverse effect on companies whose businesses are linked to Russia. Client portfolios with
exposure to these companies will experience a loss in the near term.
Data and Information Risk
Although Brown Advisory obtains data and information from third party sources that it considers
to be reliable, Brown Advisory does not warrant or guarantee the accuracy and/or completeness of
any data or information provided by these sources. Brown Advisory does not make any express or
implied warranties of any kind with respect to such data.
20
Market Conditions
An investment strategy’s performance can be affected by deterioration in public markets and
by market events, such as the onset of the credit crisis in the summer of 2007, the Great
Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Declining economic conditions may result in
weak financial results in investments. Conditions such as financial market volatility, illiquidity
and/or decline, a generally unstable economic environment (including as a result of a slowdown
in economic growth and/or changes in interest rates or foreign exchange rates) and/or a
deterioration in the capital markets may negatively impact the availability of attractive
investment opportunities for our strategies, our ability to make investments, the performance
and/or valuation of investments, and/or a the ability to dispose of investments. Such conditions
could result in substantial or total losses for certain investments. In an economic slowdown,
holding periods may also become longer. The value of publicly traded securities may be volatile
and difficult to sell as a block.
Uncertainty around future political, legislative or administrative developments may cause
volatility in the U.S., as well as global economies and financial markets more generally, which
in turn may have an adverse effect on the values of investments and on our ability to execute
on our investment strategies.
Inflation Risk; Bank Exposure
Inflation risk is the risk that inflation diminishes the value of an investment over time. Over
time, the prices of resources and end-user products generally increase at the rate of inflation
which at times can outpace the expected return on an investment and cause the value of the
investment to fall or underperform even if it generates positive income on an absolute basis.
Although inflation risk is particularly acute for bonds and other fixed income investments, it
can also impact investments in equity securities and other instruments where the underlying
issuer is sensitive to inflation risk. For example, issuers in manufacturing industries that rely
on suppliers are directly impacted by inflation in the form of increased cost of supplies needed
to manufacture their products. This can result in lower margins or losses, which in turn can
cause losses in the value of the company’s stock.
In addition, issuers such as banks and financial institutions that hold fixed income instruments
can be negatively impacted by periods of inflation, which can reduce the value of such holdings
and result in a loss of confidence in the institution. In such event, loss of depositor confidence
can lead to panic and ultimately could result in the affected bank becoming insolvent or facing
bankruptcy. In the event of a bank insolvency or bankruptcy, (i) equity investors in the bank or
its parent entity will lose all or nearly all of the value of their investment, (ii) debt investors in
the bank or its parent entity will suffer losses of all or a portion of their investment, and (iii)
depositors could lose up to the amount of their uninsured deposits with the bank. Conditions
causing such losses can develop rapidly and without warning, making it impracticable or
impossible to withdraw funds from or dispose of investments in such institutions before
realizing losses. This risk is particularly applicable to investments and deposits held in regional
banks and banks that are not systematically important to the U.S. economy.
21
More generally, periods of inflation, which are difficult to predict or hedge, can have a negative
impact on the overall equity and fixed income markets, which can lead to portfolio losses.
Valuation Risk
There is significant uncertainty as to the valuation of illiquid and other difficult-to-value assets
and investments in client portfolios, including private equity and alternative investments,
promissory notes and other debt instruments and real assets. Brown Advisory has adopted a
pricing policy designed to provide valuation guidelines for such assets and investments.
Valuation procedures for illiquid and other difficult-to-value assets and investments held in fee-
based client accounts are more rigorous than valuation procedures for illiquid and difficult-to-
value assets and investments in client accounts that are not subject to asset-based fees.
Given the inherent subjectivity of fair value processes, the valuations of illiquid and difficult-
to-value assets and investments may not reflect the values that could be realized by a client. In
addition, Brown Advisory may not have access to current information or all material
information relevant to a valuation analysis and it may not be possible to consistently obtain
up-to-date valuations. In certain cases, Brown Advisory relies on valuation statements from
external fund managers and other third parties. Brown Advisory does not have the ability to
assess the accuracy of such valuations. As a result, valuations may be inaccurate or not
reflective of current valuations resulting in fee calculations that may be higher or lower than
they would be if calculated on current, accurate valuations. In certain circumstances, valuation
techniques may need to be modified in order to capture what Brown Advisory believes is current
fair value. Finally, performance calculations for clients who hold alternative and difficult-to-
value assets and investments will be inaccurate to the extent they rely on valuations that are not
current or accurate.
Sustainable Investing (“SI”) Risk
SI risk is the risk that a strategy managed to explicitly consider SI criteria could underperform
compared to similar strategies that do not utilize SI criteria. SI strategies may forego
opportunities to buy certain securities when it might otherwise be advantageous to do so or may
sell securities for SI-related reasons when it might be otherwise disadvantageous for it to do so.
SI strategies may also focus on particular investment themes, which presents increased risk over
a more diversified portfolio by focusing investment choices within specific sectors that may or
may not perform as well as other industry sectors. There is a risk that the companies selected
for an SI strategy may not perform as expected in addressing SI considerations. A company’s
sustainability performance could vary over time, which could cause the strategy to fail to
comply with SI objectives. Interpretations of SI criteria, and therefore our investment decisions,
may vary over time or may be inconsistently applied. In making investment decisions, Brown
Advisory relies on information, data and value judgments from its internal research teams as
well as third party data providers that could be incomplete or erroneous.
Investing on the basis of SI criteria is qualitative and subjective by nature, and there can be no
assurance that the process utilized by Brown Advisory will reflect the beliefs or values of any
particular client. The data informing this process is derived from a variety of sources, including
the companies themselves and third-party sources. The data and qualitative information are
inherently subject to interpretation, restatement, delay and omission outside of Brown
Advisory’s control.
22
Investment Company and ETF Risk
Investments in open-end and closed-end investment companies, including ETFs (which may, in
turn, invest in bonds and other financial vehicles), involve substantially the same risks as
investing directly in the instruments held by these entities. However, the investment involves
duplication of certain fees and expenses. By investing in an investment company or ETF, the
strategy becomes a shareholder of that fund. As a result, investors in a strategy that invests in
ETFs or an open-end or closed-end investment company are indirectly subject to the fees and
expenses of the individual ETFs or funds. These fees and expenses are in addition to the fees
and expenses that investors in the strategy directly bear in connection with the strategy’s own
operations. If the investment company or ETF fails to achieve its investment objective, the
strategy’s investment in the fund adversely affect its performance. In addition, because ETFs
and many closed-end funds are listed on national stock exchanges and are traded like stocks
listed on an exchange, (1) the strategy may acquire or liquidate ETF or closed-end fund shares
at a discount or premium to their NAV, and (2) the strategy may incur additional costs since
ETFs often trade at a bid-ask spread, and are thus subject to brokerage and other trading costs.
Since the value of ETF shares depends on the demand in the market, we may not be able to
liquidate the holdings at the most optimal time, adversely affecting performance.
REIT AND REAL ESTATE RISK
The value of a strategy’s investments in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) may change in
response to changes in the real estate market. A strategy’s investments in REITs may subject it
to the following additional risks: declines in the value of real estate, changes in interest rates,
lack of available mortgage funds or other limits on obtaining capital and financing,
overbuilding, extended vacancies of properties, increases in property taxes and operating
expenses, changes in zoning laws and regulations, casualty or condemnation losses, and tax
consequences of the failure of a REIT to comply with tax law requirements. A strategy will bear
a proportionate share of the REIT’s ongoing operating fees and expenses, which may include
management, operating and administrative expenses.
THE FOREGOING RISKS DO NOT PURPORT TO BE A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION
OF ALL OF THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OUR INVESTMENT PROGRAM.
PROSPECTIVE CLIENTS AND INVESTORS SHOULD READ THIS BROCHURE AND
ANY APPLICABLE OFFERING MATERIALS IN THEIR ENTIRETY BEFORE
MAKING ANY INVESTMENT DECISIONS.
Risks Associated with Types of Securities that are Primarily Recommended. See
C.
Item 8.B.
ITEM 9 DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Brown Advisory has incurred no disciplinary events or proceedings to date.
ITEM 10 OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
A.
Broker-Dealer Registration Status
Brown Advisory is not registered as a broker-dealer.
23
B.
Futures Commission-Merchant, Commodity Pool Operator, Commodity Trading
Advisor
Brown Advisory is not registered as a commodity pool operator or commodity trading adviser.
Related Persons
C.
Brown Advisory Group Holdings LLC (“BAGH”) is the parent company Brown Advisory
Management LLC (“BAM”) and BAI. BAM is a holding company that serves as the parent
company to several subsidiaries. BAI serves as the manager of BAGH and the managing
member of BAM. Brown Advisory is a wholly-owned subsidiary of BAI.
Affiliations with Broker-Dealers and other Investment Advisers
Brown Advisory is an affiliate of BALLC, an SEC registered investment adviser and a wholly
owned subsidiary of BAM. BALLC is eligible to conduct registerable activities in Ontario in
reliance on the International Adviser Exemption. BALLC serves as the investment adviser to
affiliated mutual funds, ETFs, CITs, and Ireland-domiciled UCITS funds. BALLC also serves
as the managing member of a private fund that invests in public and private securities.
Brown Advisory is affiliated with Brown Advisory Ltd., a UK-based investment adviser which
is authorized and regulated by the UK Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”). It is a wholly
owned subsidiary of BAM. Brown Advisory Ltd. is also an SEC-registered investment adviser.
BAISG is an SEC registered investment adviser and wholly owned subsidiary of BAM,
specializing in alternative investments and offering both discretionary and non-discretionary
investment advice primarily to private investment funds, individuals and institutional separate
accounts. BAISG is registered with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission
(“CFTC”) as a commodity pool operator and as a commodity trading advisor and has a
membership with the National Futures Association in connection with such CFTC registration.
BAISG is affiliated through common ownership with NextGen Venture Partners LLC
(“NextGen”), which acts as a relying adviser to BAISG with respect to certain funds it manages.
NextGen focuses on direct investing in early to mid-stage companies.
Affiliations with Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
Brown Advisory has arrangements that are material to its advisory business with affiliated
investment companies. Its affiliate, BALLC, serves as the investment adviser to affiliated
mutual funds, ETFs, CITs and Ireland-domiciled UCITS funds. Brown Advisory also serves as
the managing member of private funds that invest in public and private securities.
Brown Advisory (Ireland) Limited is authorized by the Central Bank of Ireland to operate as a
management company for the purposes of the European Communities (Undertakings for
Collective Investment in Transferable Securities) Regulations.
BALLC, BAISG, and NextGen provide investment advisory services to private pooled
investment vehicles. Meritage Capital, LLC provides investment advisory services to private
pooled investment vehicles and investment advisory and sub-advisory services to investment
companies.
24
Affiliations with Banking or Thrift Institutions
Brown Advisory is affiliated with Brown Investment Advisory & Trust Company (“BIATC”)
and Brown Advisory Trust Company of Delaware, LLC (“BATCDE”).
BIATC is a non-depository trust company that is subject to regulatory oversight by the Office
of the Commissioner of Financial Regulation of the State of Maryland. BIATC is a wholly
owned subsidiary of BAI and bears certain administrative and operating expenses on behalf of
its affiliates. BATCDE is a limited-purpose trust company that is subject to regulatory oversight
by the Office of the State Bank Commissioner of the State of Delaware. BATCDE is a wholly
owned subsidiary of BAM. BALLC provides investment management services to trust clients
of BATCDE.
Affiliations with Sponsors or Syndicators of Limited Partnerships
BALLC, BAISG, and NextGen serve as the general partner, managing member, and investment
manager of private vehicles and limited partnerships formed to facilitate investment
opportunities for clients. These vehicles may invest in both public and private equity securities.
One of our affiliates maintains an ownership interest in Blueprint Local Investments LLC
(“Blueprint Local Investments”). Blueprint Local Investments was founded as a platform to
launch pooled investment vehicles intended to qualify as “qualified opportunity funds,” as
defined under the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Blueprint Local Investments is exempt
from registration with the SEC as an “Exempt Reporting Adviser”. Brown Advisory receives
some financial benefit, including a share of the management fees and any carried interest that
may accrue, as a result of this joint venture relationship.
We and our affiliates may solicit clients to invest in these vehicles. In addition we or an affiliate
may receive management fees and carried interest allocations for investments made in these
vehicles.
D. Material Conflicts of Interests Relating to Other Investment Advisers
Brown Advisory and its affiliates recommend to their clients investments in certain unaffiliated
advisers. In certain circumstances, Brown Advisory or one of its affiliates receives a financial
benefit in the form of a share of the management fee and carried interest allocations, as
described in the applicable offering documents. Brown Advisory and its affiliates are
incentivized to allocate assets to unaffiliated advisers that are themselves (or whose principals
and employees are) clients of Brown Advisory or its affiliates. We address this conflict through
our allocation policies.
Brown Advisory and its affiliates receive compensation in connection with the management of
our sponsored private investment funds and mutual funds advised by BALLC and other Brown
Advisory affiliates. Such compensation includes management fees, carried interest, incentive
allocations and account-level advisory fees. Brown Advisory and its affiliates have an incentive
to recommend affiliated private investment funds and affiliated mutual funds over externally-
managed funds for which we do not receive any compensation. In addition, Brown Advisory
and its affiliates are incentivized to recommend that our clients invest in affiliated private
investment funds that impose higher fees relative to other affiliated private funds.
25
Affiliates of Brown Advisory may offer clients more competitive fee schedules and a broader
investment platform. In addition, our affiliates have the ability to select brokers and other
counterparties to be used for client transactions and to negotiate commission rates and other
monies paid by clients. We attempt to address this conflict primarily through disclosure in this
brochure and in the brochures of our affiliated invested advisers.
Brown Advisory and its principals and employees may receive notice of, or offers to participate
in, investment opportunities offered by unaffiliated advisers and their affiliates. Such
opportunities will generally not be required to be offered to clients unless a determination has
been made that any such opportunity is suitable for certain clients.
The employees and personnel of Brown Advisory and its affiliates may serve on the boards of
directors of portfolio companies. Serving in such capacity may give rise to conflicts to the extent
that an employee’s fiduciary duties to the portfolio company may conflict with the interests of
a client.
Brown Advisory and its affiliates are not restricted in investing in, sponsoring, managing or
advising other investment vehicles which in some cases may in some cases compete for
investments with other affiliated funds. In addition, certain affiliated funds may invest in
portfolio companies and other funds on terms and conditions that may be more favorable than
those on which other affiliated funds have invested. Affiliated funds may give advice and
recommend the purchase and sale of investments that may differ from the advice given to other
funds and clients.
An affiliate of the firm offers an investment program to qualified clients and other investors
with whom the firm or its affiliates has a relationship to invest in venture capital investments.
Typically, these investment opportunities are offered as limited investment opportunities in
growth-stage private companies. Eligible clients and investors elect to participate in this
program at their own discretion by committing to invest at least $25,000 in each investment
opportunity. Participants in the investment program receive a priority allocation to the
investments offered under this program and maintain investment discretion over any
investments made. In order to remain eligible to participate in this investment program,
participants only may decline to invest in two sequential investment opportunities presented. If
an investor declines to invest in more than two sequential investment opportunities in the
program, the investor is no longer eligible to participate in future investments. This program
requirement is subject to waiver by the affiliated program sponsor. Brown Advisory colleagues
and investment professionals participate in this program and receive a priority allocation vis a
vis other clients and investors who do not participate in the program. Allocations made to Brown
Advisory colleagues and investment professionals under this program reduce the amount
available for investment by the clients of the firm and its affiliates.
ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS & PERSONAL TRADING
Code of Ethics. Brown Advisory is committed to maintaining the highest standards of
A.
professional conduct and ethics to discharge our legal obligations to our clients, to protect our
26
business reputation, and to avoid even the appearance of impropriety in our investment
activities on behalf of clients. While we strive to avoid conflicts, we are cognizant that conflicts
will nevertheless arise, and it is our policy to fully and fairly disclose known material conflicts
to our clients.
Our Code of Ethics details certain minimum expectations that we have for our employees. All
personnel, regardless of role, are expected to conduct the firm’s business in full compliance
with both the letter and the spirit of the law and any other policies and procedures that may be
applicable. On an annual basis, we require that each employee certify in writing that he or she
has read, understands and complies with the policies and procedures of the Code of Ethics. Any
violations regarding the Code of Ethics must be brought to the attention of the Chief
Compliance Officer of Brown Advisory. If it is determined that an employee has violated the
Code of Ethics, we will take such remedial action as is deemed appropriate. Sanctions will vary
but may include censure, limitation or prohibition of personal trading, and suspension or
termination of employment.
Brown Advisory will provide a copy of our Code of Ethics to any client or prospective client
upon request. We will provide clients with a copy of our complete Code of Ethics upon request.
Clients may request a copy by contacting us at the address, telephone number or email on the
cover page of this document.
Personal Trading
Because our employees should have an opportunity to develop investment programs for
themselves and their families, our Code of Ethics does not prohibit personal trading by
employees. As a result, we, our affiliates, and related personnel may purchase or sell the same
or similar securities for our own accounts that we purchase, sell, or recommend for client
accounts.
Potential conflicts that could arise as a result include but are not limited to:
Employees engage in unethical behavior.
Employees misuse material nonpublic information.
Personal trading of employees is not supervised.
Clients receive less favorable trading terms than our advisory employees.
Abusive trading on the part of our advisory employees, including market timing.
While advisory personnel are permitted to trade within their own brokerage accounts, we have
policies and procedures in place designed to ensure that their personal trading does not violate
our fiduciary obligations to clients. Our Code of Ethics sets forth standards of conduct expected
of employees and addresses conflicts that arise from personal trading by employees. It provides
policies and procedures designed to ensure that employees conduct their personal securities
transactions in a manner that complies with the securities laws, rules and regulations. In
addition, it sets forth controls designed to avoid actual or potential conflicts of interest between
clients and our employees. Controls in place include blackout periods for certain employees,
pre-clearance of employee trades, holdings disclosure and other trading restrictions.
27
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions. We, our affiliates or related
B.
personnel may recommend to clients, or purchase or sell for client accounts, securities in which
we, our affiliates or related personnel have a material financial interest. These include situations
in which we, our affiliates or related personnel act as general partner in a partnership in which
we solicit client investments or act as an investment adviser to an investment company or fund
that we recommend to clients.
Investing in Securities Recommended to Clients. Brown Advisory and its related
C.
persons will sometimes simultaneously engage in the purchase or sale of certain investments
that are also being traded for clients. To achieve the desired level of diversification, client
portfolios include mutual funds, private funds and managed accounts, in addition to direct
investments in ETFs, closed end mutual funds, and stocks of broadly diversified holding
companies. Brown Advisory’s related persons frequently invest alongside and in line with client
portfolios and are included in the aggregation process as described in Item 12: Brokerage
Practices.
Cross Trades. Brown Advisory will occasionally direct a cross trade of securities,
D.
whereby Brown Advisory arranges for one client account or pooled investment fund managed
by Brown Advisory or one of its affiliates to purchase securities directly from another client or
fund, only if we determine that (1) it is in the best interest of the clients and (2) no client will
be disadvantaged by the transaction.
D.
Additional Conflicts of Interest. Potential conflicts that could arise include:
Officer, Director and Advisory Board Conflicts—Conflicts that involve a transaction to
be entered into by us for ourselves, or by us on behalf of our clients, in which one of our
officers, directors or board members of an affiliated entity has a material financial
interest;
Equity Holder Conflicts—Conflicts that involve a transaction to be entered into by us
for ourselves, or by us on behalf of our clients, in which an equity holder of Brown
Advisory has a material financial interest;
Client Conflicts—Conflicts that involve a transaction to be entered into by us for
ourselves, or by us on behalf of our clients, in which a client has a material financial
interest; and
Employee Behavior—Situations where employees engage in unethical behavior and
misuse material inside information.
In addition to the foregoing, we face other conflicts of interest including:
As a result of differences in client objectives, strategies and risk tolerances, Brown
Advisory and its affiliates may give different investment advice or make different
recommendations to clients that are authorized to invest in the same securities. In addition,
investment advice given to clients may differ between our affiliates and from portfolio
manager to portfolio manager.
Certain of our service providers (including
investment advisers, accountants,
administrators, custodians, lenders, bankers, attorneys and independent directors) provide
goods or services to, or have business, personal, financial or other relationships with Brown
28
Advisory and its affiliates. We have adopted policies designed to ensure that service
providers are evaluated and selected based on the quality of the services they provide.
Directors, officers and employees of Brown Advisory and its affiliates may serve on the
board of directors or hold another senior position with a company in which we make an
investment on behalf of our clients. In such cases, the investment opportunity available to
clients may be limited or wholly restricted.
In allocating limited investment opportunities, Brown Advisory and its affiliates have an
incentive to allocate opportunities to larger clients, clients with whom we would like to develop
a new relationship, and clients paying a higher fee. We have adopted allocation policies
designed to ensure a fair and equitable allocation of limited investment opportunities while
preserving our ability to account for a range of considerations in making such determinations.
Brown Advisory or its personnel or affiliates are presented with opportunities to invest in
various alternative investments where the amount available for investment is limited or fixed.
If it is determined that such limited investment opportunities are suitable for certain clients
(which may include officers, directors and employees of the firm and its affiliates), the
allocation of these investments across such clients is typically executed on a pro rata basis,
while also considering investor suitability, account size, risk tolerance, liquidity needs, as well
as other factors. Our processes are designed to equitably and appropriately allocate these limited
investment opportunities while balancing the additional risk with the client’s investment profile
and investor suitability. In this regard, some private investments or limited investment
opportunities may not be appropriate to allocate to some clients, depending on various factors,
including minimum investment size, account size, risk profiles, investor eligibility, liquidity
needs, relationship and investment history with a particular manager, and diversification
requirements. In addition, Brown Advisory and its affiliates may elect to exclude clients and
other investors who do not pay an account-level fee (e.g., certain private equity-only accounts).
Accordingly, an account may not be allocated such investments. If an investment cannot
reasonably be allocated on a pro rata basis, it may be allocated based on an alternate approach,
including an approach based on one or more of the factors above, random selection, or another
methodology deemed fair and equitable. Finally, employees, officers and directors of Brown
Advisory and its affiliates may participate in such limited investment opportunities, which will
reduce the amount of investment available to clients.
In addition to the foregoing, we employ the following policies and procedures to address these
potential conflicts and protect and promote the interests of clients:
Trading practices designed to address potential conflicts of interest inherent in
proprietary and client discretionary trading, including bunching and pro-rata allocation.
To further protect and promote the interests of clients, the Board of Directors of BAI
has established a Corporate Governance and Conflicts Committee that assists it in its
oversight of certain material conflicts of interest.
If we enter into a transaction on behalf of our clients that presents a material or conflict
of interest, we have policies in place requiring that the conflict is disclosed to the client
or otherwise mitigated prior to the consummation of such transaction.
Employees must comply with our policy on the handling and use of material non-public
information. Employees are reminded that they may not purchase or sell, or recommend
29
the purchase or sale, of a security for any account while they are in possession of
material non-public information.
Employees are required to report to our Compliance team outside business activities.
These include board and committee memberships and obligations, employment
commitments, non-profit commitments, government commitments and other outside
business commitments.
To ensure that there is not intentional or unintentional front-running of purchasing
securities in client accounts, we may restrict trading stocks of companies in which we
are actively performing due diligence as potential candidates for purchase in our
portfolios.
ITEM 12 BROKERAGE PRACTICES
A.
Factors Considered in Selecting or Recommending Broker-Dealers for Client
Transactions. We believe that fair treatment of all clients is paramount in the implementation
of the portfolio manager’s objectives. Thus, we are committed to achieving the best price and
quality in the marketplace based on the information available at the time of the trade, without
systematically disadvantaging one client over another.
Unless clients direct us otherwise or choose to use a custodian that requires all trades to be
directed to its platform, such as Charles Schwab or Fidelity, we allocate transactions to
unaffiliated broker-dealers for execution on markets at prices and commission rates that we
determine will be in the best interests of the client. We will select the broker-dealer to be used
for best execution based on a number of factors. Obtaining best execution is the top priority. To
the extent relevant under the circumstances, the following factors apply to our best execution
determination: price, commission, size of the order, difficulty of execution, degree of skill
required by the broker-dealer and trading/execution/clearing/settlement capabilities. The
trading desk also takes into account the following considerations:
The procurement of the lowest possible net cost, comprising the level of execution and
brokerage commission;
A decision by the trader as to the broker-dealer most qualified to provide superior execution
capabilities;
That broker-dealer business allocated for research services will be provided at a reasonable
commission rate in light of the quality of the research provided; and
The ability to settle trades in a timely manner.
We also take into account factors that are relevant to the specific broker-dealer, such as financial
stability, reputation, past history of prompt and reliable execution of client trades, operational
efficiency with which transactions are effected, access to markets, access to capital to
accommodate trades, ability to maintain confidentiality, market knowledge, willingness and
ability to make a market in a particular security, brokerage and research services provided or
the ability to accommodate third-party research arrangements, and overall responsiveness to
our needs/willingness to work with us.
All client trades are allocated to a broker-dealer on our “Approved Broker List,” which is a list
of broker-dealers that the Best Execution Committee has approved for use as executing brokers
for client securities transactions. The Approved Broker List is maintained to facilitate the
30
orderly and consistent use of suitable broker-dealers for client transactions. In selecting broker-
dealers, we do not adhere to any rigid formulas but rather make a subjective determination after
weighing a combination of the factors listed above. The ultimate determination as to the broker-
dealer to select from the Approved Broker List on any given trade is made by the trader(s)
responsible for executing the transaction.
Since fixed income securities trade over-the-counter and do not trade on a centralized exchange,
we use the brokerage services from a variety of Wall Street and regional firms. We will use
those firms that are direct issuers, underwriters or market-makers in specific fixed income
sectors. The broker-dealers with whom we trade fixed income securities are also on an
Approved Broker List. In order to obtain best execution, our fixed income traders place dealers
in competitive situations, utilizing offerings and bids from numerous local and national broker-
dealers. The fixed income traders review the market environment, the new issue calendar,
secondary offerings and historical relationships to help determine a competitive price for the
bonds they are trading. The quality of execution is ascertained by reviewing the bids and
offerings received relative to recent pricing data.
Our Best Execution Committee oversees the implementation of our best execution obligation.
The Committee was formed with the purpose of developing, implementing and evaluating our
trade management policies and procedures in order to satisfy our duty to seek best execution.
On a quarterly basis we review broker-dealer performance. We focus our best execution
evaluation efforts on how the broker-dealer performed over time. This takes into consideration
such qualitative factors as research provided, promptness of execution, ability of the broker to
execute and clear, market coverage provided by the broker and consistent quality of service
from the broker. As a complement to our periodic review of broker-dealers on the “Approved
Broker List,” we employ a third-party service provider to provide an independent source of
quantitative evaluations of equity trade execution information for the Committee. Reports
typically examine aggregate trading performance on a quarterly basis.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
Brown Advisory custodies client assets primarily with Fidelity Family Office Services
(“Fidelity”), Charles Schwab & Company and BNY Mellon and generally uses these companies
to trade for client accounts. Clients pay the custodian through commissions and other
transaction-related or asset-based fees for securities trades that the custodians execute.
In addition to brokerage, institutional services include research, and access to mutual funds and
other investments that are otherwise available only to institutional clients. Brown Advisory also
receives educational opportunities and occasional business entertainment of personnel.
It is not Brown Advisory’s practice to negotiate execution only commission rates; therefore, the
client may be deemed to be paying for these other benefits provided by the custodian which are
included in the commission rate. These products and services obtained by the use of commissions
arising from client portfolio transactions will be used to facilitate the management of all client
accounts. Brown Advisory does not attempt to allocate these benefits to client accounts
proportionately to the commissions generated by the accounts.
31
In evaluating the choice of custodian, Brown Advisory may take into account the availability of
some of the foregoing products and services, in addition to the cost and quality of custody or
brokerage services. For this reason, the use of client commissions to obtain these products and
services presents a potential conflict of interest in creating an incentive for Brown Advisory to
select a custodian based on its interest in receiving those products and services.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
Brown Advisory does not select or recommend broker dealers based on whether we receive
client referrals from such broker-dealer.
Directed Brokerage
Brown Advisory permits clients to direct their brokerage. If clients choose to do so, Brown
Advisory will not be able to negotiate commissions for those accounts, and, as a result, these clients
might pay higher commission rates.
Cross Trading
A cross trade is generally defined as the matching of buy and sell orders for the same security
between different accounts. Cross trades are also deemed to include any prearranged or
orchestrated transactions between two accounts that are executed through external brokers. With
respect to cross trading, we generally will allow cross trading where the transaction would comply
with our policy and client-specific guidelines, and be fair and equitable to both accounts. When an
account is subject to ERISA, no cross trades shall be permitted unless allowed by applicable
regulations.
Cross trading can significantly reduce the transaction costs for both the buying and selling accounts
and may allow for other beneficial efficiencies to clients. However, where an investment adviser
has discretion on each side of a transaction, cross trading presents a potential fiduciary conflict of
interest. Cross trading may be appropriate if we meet our fiduciary obligations to clients on both
sides of the transaction and where best execution requirements are met.
B.
Order Aggregation. While each client is advised independently and transactions directed
in accordance with such advice, Brown Advisory will sometimes aggregate orders to reduce
execution costs. If Brown Advisory aggregates orders, Brown Advisory allocates the securities in
the order among client accounts so as not to systematically favor any client account over another.
Brown Advisory determines which accounts will participate in an aggregated order on a case-by-case
basis in the best interests of the client and considers such factors as account size, suitability, taxes,
diversification and/or cash availability. Participating accounts share the benefit, if any, of aggregation
pro rata. If aggregated orders are not completely filled on the day on which they are placed, Brown
Advisory completes the allocation on the next business day when the order is filled at the average price
for trades on both days. Each participating client should receive the average share price on the
transaction day and costs should be allocated pro rata.
ITEM 13 REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
Brown Advisory’s client management team manages client relationships. The team generally
consists of Portfolio Managers, Client Service Associates, and members of the Investment Team.
32
The client management team works closely with the client to establish and work toward investment
objectives.
Client management teams review client accounts throughout the year to determine whether they
believe the investment strategy being utilized is an appropriate strategy in light of the client’s
objectives, risk tolerance, and restrictions. The client management team considers the client’s
profile along with factors that may affect the account’s performance, including changes in the
market and current tax laws, then recommends adjustments to the account’s asset allocation if
needed.
Brown Advisory provides quarterly reports to our clients which reflect deposits and
withdrawals from the account and investment performance net of fees and costs.
ITEM 14 CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
Employees are compensated for business development activity, including the attraction or
retention of client assets.
Our affiliate BALLC has arrangements with certain custodians to provide custodian services to
our clients at pre-negotiated fees. Fidelity and U.S. Bank are the custodians that offer these
rates and with whom the firm has achieved some operational efficiencies.
BALLC has an agreement with U.S. Bank pursuant to which U.S. Bank serves as a preferred
custodian for the clients of BALLC and its affiliates, including Brown Advisory. Clients of
BALLC and its affiliates who select U.S. Bank as their custodian benefit from a favorable
custody fee schedule and operational efficiencies that have been developed over the
approximately 15 years that U.S. Bank has served as one of BALLC’s primary custodians. In
exchange, U.S. Bank pays BALLC a fee approximately equal to 0.21 basis points annually on
non-retirement client assets held by U.S. Bank as custodian. If a client chooses to use U.S.
Bank, Brown Advisory will benefit from the payment described above.
In addition, Brown Advisory receives compensation or other benefits in the form of marketing
support or other arrangements from Fidelity or one of its affiliates, which will accrue to the
benefit of Brown Advisory and its affiliates. Brown Advisory has entered into an agreement
with a Fidelity affiliate under which the affiliate may, in its discretion, pay certain third parties
for services or software used by Brown Advisory that are intended to facilitate interoperability
between Fidelity and Brown Advisory technology systems. The Fidelity affiliate, when it makes
or declines to make these payments, is obligated to do so without regard to the volume or value
of brokerage transactions executed through Fidelity or its affiliates or the volume or value of
accounts under custody of Fidelity or its affiliates. This compensation, as well as the fee
arrangement with U.S. Bank described above, may create an incentive for Brown Advisory to
recommend custody services provided by U.S. Bank or Fidelity to its clients when other
custodians may be better suited for a particular client or offer better services or fees. Brown
Advisory mitigates this conflict by evaluating the custody services provided by U.S. Bank and
Fidelity solely on quality of services provided and the operational efficiencies that may be
achieved.
33
From time to time, we use money market funds and cash sweep products offered by banks and
broker-dealers, as cash management options for discretionary client accounts. For clients that
agree to custody their accounts at U.S. Bank, we will, unless otherwise instructed, use as cash
sweep vehicles First American Funds treasury and government money market funds, which are
managed by a U.S. Bank affiliate. Brown Advisory believes these money market funds offer
competitive fees and performance for our clients, as well as administrative efficiencies because
of their operational connection to U.S. Bank. Because of these efficiencies, the U.S. Bank
affiliate has agreed to pay Brown Advisory a fee that ranges from 13 basis points to 13.5 basis
points and is based upon the value of client assets invested in those funds, other than certain
retirement account assets, which are excluded from the arrangement. The arrangement applies
only to client accounts custodied at U.S. Bank. This payment provides Brown Advisory with
an incentive to use the First American Funds money market funds as cash sweep options and
thus creates a conflict of interest. Brown Advisory mitigates this conflict by evaluating these
and all other funds and cash sweep options solely on their investment merits, initially and on
an ongoing basis.
ITEM 15: CUSTODY
We are deemed by the SEC to have custody of the assets of certain private investment vehicles
because we act as the general partner or managing member of such private investment vehicles
and, accordingly, serve in a capacity that provides us with access to the assets. Other situations
where the firm is deemed to have custody of client assets include where the firm operates under
a standing letter of authorization or instructs custodians to move assets to third parties.
Clients receive account statements at least quarterly from the qualified custodian of the client’s
assets. Brown Advisory encourages clients to carefully review and compare the information in
the custodian’s statements with the information in Brown Advisory’s quarterly statements for
consistency.
Certain of Brown Advisory’s private investment limited partnerships are subject to annual
audits by an independent public accountant registered with, and subject to regular inspection
by, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”). Audited statements are
delivered to investors within 180 days of fiscal year-end.
Brown Advisory offers a bill-paying service to clients and is subject to an annual surprise audit
by a PCAOB independent public accountant in accordance with SEC regulations.
ITEM 16 INVESTMENT DISCRETION
Brown Advisory clients enter into a written investment advisory agreement that sets forth the
scope of Brown Advisory’s discretion. Unless otherwise directed by the client and except with
respect to private placements that must be authorized by the client, Brown Advisory has the
authority to invest client assets, including the investment and reinvestment of interest, dividends
and capital gains, and to exercise authority granted under a limited power of attorney included
in their custodial account agreement.
34
Brown Advisory has the power under the limited power of attorney to direct the transfer of
funds for investment purposes or to the client personally and will send checks, wire funds, and
otherwise transfer funds held in the client’s accounts (1) to other accounts of identical
registration, (2) to the client, or (3) as otherwise directed by the client in writing.
Brown Advisory clients must complete certain documents and provide written authorizations,
including a Subscription Agreement, to invest in any of Brown Advisory’s private placements.
ITEM 17: VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
Brown Advisory generally does not vote proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of
securities in which client accounts are invested and will not take any action or render any advice
on investments in client accounts which become subject to class actions or related litigation or
other matters such as mergers, acquisitions, tender offers, bankruptcy proceedings or other
similar events.
Pursuant to an agreement with a client, Brown Advisory will accept authority to vote proxies
on behalf of clients. In such cases, proxies will be voted consistent with the Brown Advisory
Proxy Voting Policy, which sets forth the firm’s standard approach to voting on common proxy
questions. In general, the Proxy Voting Policy is designed to ensure that we vote proxies in the
best interest of our clients, so as to promote the long-term economic value of the underlying
securities. Our proxy voting is informed by both financial and extra-financial data, including
consideration of any information we believe is material and applicable. Clients may receive a copy
of the Proxy Voting Policy at any time upon request. The Proxy Voting Policy is also available on
Brown Advisory’s website. Clients may, at any time, opt to change their proxy voting
authorization. Upon notice that a client has revoked Brown Advisory’s authority to vote proxies,
we will forward any relevant research obtained to the party that will assume proxy voting authority,
as identified by the client.
To facilitate the proxy voting process, Brown Advisory has engaged Institutional Shareholder
Services Inc. (“ISS”), an unaffiliated, third-party proxy voting service, to provide proxy research
and voting recommendations. In addition, Brown Advisory subscribes to ISS’s proxy vote
management system, which provides a means to receive and vote proxies, as well as services for
recordkeeping, auditing, reporting and disclosure regarding votes.
Proxy voting for our Institutional investment strategies is overseen by a Proxy Voting Committee.
Determining how a vote will be cast begins with the research analysts and, ultimately, rests with
the portfolio managers for each Brown Advisory Institutional equity strategy. While the
recommendations of ISS are used as a baseline for our voting in these cases, especially for routine
management proposals, Brown Advisory votes each proposal after consideration on a case-by-
case basis.
Members of the Firm’s equity research team receive weekly notification of upcoming meetings
and proxy voting taking place at companies in their coverage. Fundamental research analysts
guide vote recommendations on management proposals, and SI research analysts guide vote
35
recommendations on shareholder proposals, with both groups working together to consider the
relevant issues. Final vote decisions ultimately are made by the portfolio manager.
In the event that portfolio managers of different strategies disagree on the vote recommendation
for a company they all own, a split vote may be conducted. In general, this disagreement is due
to portfolio managers having unique views on an issue. A split vote divides all of the company’s
shares held by Brown Advisory and splits the vote in accordance with the strategy’s share
ownership to reflect the individual preferences of each strategy’s portfolio manager(s). Split votes
trigger a review from the Proxy Voting Committee, and such votes are approved by the Firm’s
General Counsel or designee.
When Brown Advisory exercises proxy voting authority for clients in the firm’s PCE&F business,
the firm’s Proxy Voting Operations team is responsible for arrangements with all custodial
partners. Unless otherwise agreed with a client, Brown Advisory’s Proxy Voting Policy is assigned
by default to our Advisory client accounts.
The following exceptions can apply to standard voting for PCE&F clients:
Client Directed: A client may request to:
o Attend a meeting and vote
o Vote in line with account owner request
o Request a take no action or abstention
No Voting: A client, during on-boarding, may request that voting ballots be mailed
directly to the account owner’s address.
Holdings in Institutional Strategies: All holdings owned by our PCE&F clients that also
are held in Brown Advisory’s Institutional strategies are overseen and governed by the
voting practices detailed in the Institutional section.
Client-specific Guidelines: Whereas we have a standard Proxy Voting policy default, we
have the capability to provide PCE&F clients with the option to customize their voting
preferences. Should a client desire a customized approach, the Brown Advisory client
team will work directly with the client, Brown Advisory Operations, and ISS to establish
and implement client-specific guidelines.
No ISS Recommendations: If a client is invested in a company where ISS will not be
supplying voting recommendations (e.g., privately held companies), the analyst covering
the company will supply voting recommendations. Should the company not be covered
internally, the client’s portfolio manager will be notified and asked to instruct the vote.
The following voting practices are applied to separately managed portfolios:
Brown Advisory Institutional strategies held in a separately managed account (SMA): Holdings
within Brown Advisory separately managed accounts are overseen and governed by the Proxy
Voting Committee and follow the protocols detailed in the Institutional investment strategy proxy
voting section discussed above.
Externally managed strategies held in a SMA: Holdings within an externally managed strategy
held as a separately managed account are set up with the delegated and/or appointed manager for
36
voting. In these cases, Brown Advisory yields voting authority to the appointed manager. In
certain circumstances, the appointed manager may not exercise voting authority. In such cases,
proxy voting will not be exercised.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
A “conflict of interest” means any circumstance when the firm or one of its affiliates (including
officers, directors and employees), or in the case where the firm serves as investment adviser to
one of its registered mutual funds, when such fund or the principal underwriter, or one or more of
their affiliates (including officers, directors and employees), knowingly does a material amount of
business with, receives material compensation from, or sits on the board of, a particular issuer or
closely affiliated entity and, therefore, may appear to have a conflict of interest between its own
interests and the interests of clients or Fund shareholders in how proxies of that issuer are voted.
For example, a perceived conflict of interest may exist if an employee of the firm serves as a
director of an actively recommended issuer, or if the firm is aware that a client serves as an officer
or director of an actively recommended issuer. Conflicts of interest will be resolved in a manner
the firm believes is in the best interest of the client.
Brown Advisory votes proxies relating to such issuers in accordance with the following
procedures:
ROUTINE MATTERS AND IMMATERIAL CONFLICTS
The firm generally votes proxies for routine matters, and for non-routine matters that are
considered immaterial conflicts of interest, consistent with this its Proxy Voting Policy. A conflict
of interest will be considered material to the extent that it is determined that such conflict has the
potential to influence the firm’s decision-making in voting a proxy. Materiality determinations will
be made by the Chief Compliance Officer or designee based upon an assessment of the particular
facts and circumstances.
MATERIAL CONFLICTS AND NON-ROUTINE MATTERS
If the firm believes that (a) it has a material conflict and (b) that the issue to be voted upon is non-
routine or is not covered by this Policy, then to avoid any potential conflict of interest:
in the case of a fund, the firm shall contact the fund board for a review and determination;
in the case of all other conflicts or potential conflicts, the firm may “echo vote” such shares,
if possible, which means the firm will vote the shares in the same proportion as the vote of
all other holders of the issuer’s shares; or
in cases when echo voting is not possible, the firm may defer to ISS recommendations,
abstain or vote in a manner the firm, in consultation with the General Counsel, believes to
be in the best interest of the client.
If the aforementioned options would not ameliorate the conflict or potential conflict, then Brown
Advisory will abstain from voting.
Clients can obtain a copy of our proxy voting policies and information on how we have voted
proxies by calling 1-800-645-3923 or by visiting the Brown Advisory website. If a client requests
this information, the Chief Compliance Officer or designee will prepare a written response to the
client that lists for each specific request:
37
The name of the issuer,
The proxy proposal voted on, and
How the client’s proxy was voted.
ITEM 18: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Brown Advisory is unaware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability
to meet our contractual commitment to our clients.
38