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DISCLOSURE BROCHURE
MARCH 25, 2025
Seven Post Investment Office LP
One Montgomery Street, Suite 3150
San Francisco, California 94104
(415) 341-9300
www.sevenpost.com
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Seven Post Investment Office
LP (hereinafter “Seven Post”). If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact our
Chief Compliance Officer at (415) 341-9300. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified
by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority. Additional information about
Seven Post Investment Office LP is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Seven Post Investment Office LP is an SEC-registered investment adviser. Registration does not imply any level
of skill or training.
ITEM 2. MATERIAL CHANGES
There have been no material changes to note since Seven Post’s last annual amendment on March 25, 2024 We
encourage you to read this Disclosure Brochure carefully in its entirety as we have made certain non-material
revisions for additional clarity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 2. Material Changes .............................................................................................................................................. 2
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Item 4. Advisory Business ............................................................................................................................................. 3
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management .............................................................................. 7
Item 7. Types of Clients ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ........................................................................ 8
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ..................................................................................... 26
Item 11. Code of Ethics ............................................................................................................................................... 27
Item 12. Brokerage Practices ...................................................................................................................................... 27
Item 13. Review of Accounts ...................................................................................................................................... 29
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation ................................................................................................... 29
Item 15. Custody ......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Item 16. Investment Discretion .................................................................................................................................. 30
Item 17. Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................................................ 30
Item 18. Financial Information ................................................................................................................................... 30
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Seven Post (“we”, “us”, “our”, the “Firm”) is a private investment office for clients with significant assets. Seven
Post primarily serves its clients as their outsourced investment office with comprehensive advice and solutions in a
fiduciary capacity. We advise upon and manage global, multi-asset class portfolios, including real estate and
private assets. We believe that a private, independent investment firm, aligned with client interests, is the optimal
business model to deliver comprehensive investment and family office services.
Seven Post was founded in 2011 and is a privately-owned Delaware limited partnership, whose managing general
partner is BlackOak GP LLC. Seven Post is a privately owned firm with no third-party capital providers or external
management, ensuring autonomy in serving clients’ interests, making investment decisions, and managing
operations. The individuals with greater than 25% ownership shares (either directly or through family estate
planning vehicles) are Ali Bastani, Bruce Bligh and Eldridge Gray. Please refer to Form ADV Part 1, Schedule A for
details. The Firm offers the Seven Post Profit Participation Plan (“SP3”), a profit-sharing program that enables all
eligible members to benefit from the success of both client results and the Firm’s business performance.
As of December 31, 2024, Seven Post managed or advised $8,361,452,376 of assets, with $7,976,639,903 of assets
managed on a discretionary basis and $384,812,473 of assets advised on a non-discretionary basis.
Our primary client relationships currently represent approximately 58 family groups and institutions.
ITEM 4. ADVISORY BUSINESS
We are long-term investors focused on meeting diverse client objectives ranging from capital preservation to long-
term growth. Prior to engaging Seven Post to provide investment advisory services, clients enter into one or more
written agreements with us setting forth the terms and conditions under which we render our services (the “Client
Agreement”).
Investment Management Services
At the outset of every engagement and on an on-going basis, we encourage an active dialogue to gain an
understanding of the client’s goals and objectives. This dialogue typically leads to an understanding of the
investment objectives, assets, liabilities, asset allocation, diversification, cash flow requirements, liquidity, risk
tolerance, estate/trust structures and tax-status. Seven Post customizes its advisory services to the specific
investment and management needs of each client. Seven Post generally assumes responsibility for day-to-day
management of the client’s portfolio of liquid investments. Clients are advised to promptly notify Seven Post if
there are changes in their financial situation or investment objectives. Clients may impose reasonable restrictions
on the management of their portfolio if, in the Firm’s sole discretion, the restrictions do not prove overly
burdensome to our management efforts.
Seven Post invests the client’s Managed Portfolios, as defined in the Client Agreement across a range of asset
classes, strategies, and structures in one or a combination of the following three ways:
A) “Direct Investments”: Management of public securities, including US and foreign cash instruments, US
and international bonds, US and international stocks, listed-option contracts, exchange traded funds
(ETFs), mutual funds, and closed-end funds, on a discretionary basis by Seven Post.
B) “Sub-Advisor investments”: Separate accounts sub-advised by third-party advisors that are selected by
Seven Post, the selection of which is typically on a discretionary basis by Seven Post.
C) “Private Investments”: Direct and indirect investment in privately offered investments selected by
Seven Post, typically on a non-discretionary basis.
Direct Investments involve the selection of individual securities, a basket of securities, mutual funds, ETFs, closed-
end funds, options contracts, or other investments by Seven Post.
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Sub-Advisors may include specialist managers in fixed income, equities, or alternative investment strategies. Our
most common core fixed income and equity Sub-Advisor strategies center around customized, model-based
portfolio investments. These investments incorporate multiple strategies, are held in separate accounts, and are
often diversified and managed for a high level of income tax-efficiency, where applicable. Please refer to the risk
section, including those associated with tax management. Some Sub-Advisor manager strategies are less
customized by Seven Post.
Unaffiliated Private Investments include direct private company interests, private equity or debt funds, secondary
private asset funds, private real estate funds, hedge funds, and direct or joint-venture commercial real estate
investments. Unaffiliated Private Investments are currently non-discretionary investments by Seven Post. There
are broadly two different types of Unaffiliated Private Investments. The first type is a pre-established third-party
private fund structure, which is reviewed and approved for investment by Seven Post. And the second, is typically
a single-asset investment underwritten by Seven Post in a customized joint-venture or similar private structure.
Seven Post also utilizes model portfolio providers to provide advice and recommendations on portfolio
construction and security selection, which we believe increases customization, tax-optimization, and cost
efficiency (“Model Portfolio Providers”). Seven Post has full discretion as to whether Model Portfolio Provider
recommendations are incorporated into client Managed Portfolios. Direct Investments and Sub-Advisor accounts
may partially or entirely include Model Portfolio Provider recommendations. Additionally, Seven Post utilizes
quantitative investment methods, often utilizing publicly available data, in equity index, customized sector, and
strategy replication methods in a portion of client Managed Portfolios, either directly or in designing portfolios
with Sub-Advisors. In certain circumstances, clients for whom these Model Portfolio Providers and various index-
oriented strategies are utilized pay additional fees for such services. Please refer to the Risks of Model-Driven and
Quantitative Investment Methods and Model Portfolio Provider Risks sections for further details.
Utilizing any single or combination of the various investment methods described above, Seven Post can customize
each Managed Portfolio to meet the client’s investment objectives.
The terms and conditions under which Seven Post engages Sub-Advisors on behalf of the client are set forth in a
separate written agreement between Seven Post and the designated Sub-Advisor. Subject to third-party custodial
agreements, client assets may be invested in separate accounts established with sub-advisors or managed by sub-
advisors who are allocated a portion of the client’s account with Seven Post. In certain circumstances, clients
engage the Sub-Advisor directly.
When selecting a Sub-Advisor for a client, Seven Post reviews information about the sub-advisor, such as its
disclosure brochure and other material supplied by the Sub-Advisor and/or other third parties for a description of
the sub-advisor’s strategies, background, and past performance, to the extent available. Factors that Seven Post
considers in selecting a sub-advisor can vary but usually include their experience, business and investment
structure, stated investment objectives, asset or asset class valuation performance metrics, and pricing.
In addition to Seven Post’s written disclosure brochure, clients also annually receive the written disclosure
brochure of any Sub-Advisors in their Managed Portfolio. Certain Sub-Advisors impose more restrictive account
requirements and different billing practices than Seven Post. Seven Post is focused on the long-term client
Managed Portfolio results after Sub-Advisor costs, including fees and taxes. In cases with a bundled fee
arrangement, Seven Post may have a conflict of interest in selecting Sub-Advisors with lower costs.
Additionally, Seven Post also provides diversification strategies and other investment advisory services to clients
who have concentrated equity holdings outside of Seven Post’s Managed Assets. The Firm selects Sub-Advisors on
behalf of clients to manage portions of clients’ assets held in the separate accounts. With respect to Unaffiliated
Private Investments, Seven Post selects investments managed or sponsored by unaffiliated managers. Seven Post,
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or a third-party engaged by Seven Post, conducts initial due diligence on, and monitors on a periodic basis, such
Unaffiliated Private Investment strategies.
Seven Post can also customize Managed Portfolios to incorporate specialized client objectives. Examples may
include sector or security restrictions or other client-driven portfolio management requirements to enhance risk
management or meet other customized client objectives. Further, Seven Post may private label a portion or entire
investment strategies managed by Sub-Advisors or Model Portfolio Providers.
Family Office Services, Including Tax, Trust, Estate, and Philanthropic Coordination & Planning
Seven Post will, upon request and in consultation with our clients, provide family office services, including, without
limitation, comprehensive financial planning services incorporating all client assets and liabilities, regardless of
custodian or asset manager. Financial planning services can include broad-based balance sheet and cash flow
analysis and reporting; tax and insurance analysis; charitable and estate gift planning; and other family office
services. The Firm will coordinate with a client’s attorneys, insurance service providers, philanthropic advisors, tax
accountants, and other service providers. Certain services, such as private foundation administration, residential
construction management, private aviation management, and bill payment and financial statement preparation,
may be conducted by third parties contracted directly by the client or by Seven Post. Seven Post or affiliated
entities also occasionally serve as a trustee, executor, or manager for clients and affiliated personal or business
entities. Serving in these roles may result in a potential conflict of interest, as described in Item 10, below.
Philanthropic Advice and Socially Responsible Investing
Experienced professionals lead Seven Post’s socially responsible investment strategies, philanthropy, and nonprofit
entity administration either directly or through a wholly owned affiliate of Seven Post. Seven Post takes a
customized approach to help clients align their investments with their values to achieve impact through a range of
socially responsible investing (SRI), environmental, social and governance (ESG) investing, and strategic
philanthropy options. In most cases, Seven Post utilizes third-party sources for its ESG security selection criteria.
SRI and ESG security selections vary widely and may increase or decrease risks and performance in investment
portfolios. Please refer to the risk section for important additional risks associated with ESG and SRI investments.
Capital Markets Advisory & Project-Based Services
Seven Post also provides capital markets advisory services where we seek to provide clients with an unbiased
assessment of the services of global financial institutions. Based upon the experience and expertise of our senior
professionals, Seven Post can create an analytical and competitive framework for reviewing these services and
transactions. Prior assignments have included structural review of hedging and financing transactions and
engagement of commercial and investment banking firms. Seven Post’s advice is further enhanced by a wide
variety of sources for market analysis, investment research and macro-economic reports.
At clients’ request, Seven Post’s principals and affiliates may provide administrative and/or project management
services to clients or their affiliated entities in connection with particular investment or business undertakings,
such as private real estate investments, financing alternatives, or analyzing joint venture agreements. Such
services are in addition to the investment advisory services Seven Post provides for those clients.
Item 5. Fees and Compensation
Fees for Seven Post’s services vary based upon the client’s investment objectives, the extent of services required,
the types of assets to be managed and other factors. Fees and the fee methodology are described further below
and explained in detail to each client in their Client Agreement.
Investment Advisory and Management Fees
As outlined in the Client Agreement, Seven Post provides investment advisory and management services for an
annual asset-based fee, which is negotiated with each client and currently ranges from 0.10% up to 1.32% of assets
under management. The wide range of fees is partly due to the diversity and customized nature of client
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objectives and investment mandates. For instance, cash management fees are on the lower end, and global
equities and alternative investment fees are on the higher end of the range.
Fees are paid on a bundled or an unbundled basis and generally consist of investment management fees to Seven
Post, as well as Sub-Advisor and/or Model Portfolio Provider fees. Certain clients have negotiated different terms,
including both fee structure and payment methods, from the typical arrangements described here. Clients with
significant assets typically pay lower overall asset-based fee rates. Clients that invest in Unaffiliated Private
Investments also bear asset-based and/or performance-based fees that are paid to the managers of such
investments or their affiliates. Private fund terms and expenses vary widely and are detailed in the offering
materials.
The fees stated above are currently the primary source of revenue for Seven Post. There are a wide range of
service providers that offer investment advisory and financial management services. Depending on various
factors, fees charged by those providers may be higher or lower than fees charged by Seven Post.
In the event a client requests work outside of our core investment management services, additional fees may
apply. Any such additional fees would be agreed upon in advance of providing such services. Seven Post, its
employees, and affiliates may receive fees from clients or clients’ affiliated entities for providing administrative
and/or project management services to those clients or entities in connection with specific investment and
business undertakings. Such fees are negotiated individually with the client and are in addition to any investment
or advisory fees or other fees paid by the client to Seven Post.
As noted above, managers of private funds in which clients invest typically charge performance-based fees.
Fee Calculation Methodology and Other Details
Seven Post’s annual fee is prorated and charged quarterly, in arrears. Fees are generally based on the size and
type of assets in a client’s account. If an agreement between Seven Post and a client is terminated during a fee
period, Seven Post will pro-rate the fees accordingly. For consistency and accuracy, Seven Post uses software
designed specifically for the calculation of fees. Sample calculations are performed upon request.
Seven Post’s fees are generally directly debited from clients’ accounts. Fees to third parties are either directly
debited from clients’ accounts by the third party involved or debited from clients’ accounts by Seven Post and
remitted to the third parties. In limited circumstances, clients may instead be invoiced directly for their fees.
Fee Arrangement Between Seven Post, Seven Post Family Office Services, Inc. (“SPFOS”), and Seven Post Trust
Company (“SPTC”)
SPFOS is a wholly-owned subsidiary of BlackOak GP LLC. SPTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Seven Post. Under a
services agreement, Seven Post agrees to pay a fee to SPFOS for a variety of services that SPFOS provides to Seven
Post. Under a separate services agreement, SPTC agrees to pay a fee to SPFOS for a variety of services that SPFOS
provides to SPTC. To the extent clients engage either SPFOS or SPTC for services, fees for such services will be
directly negotiated with the client depending on the services requested and will be in addition to fees for Seven
Post’s advisory services.
Fees Charged by Financial Institutions
Seven Post is not a broker-dealer. Our fees are exclusive of brokerage commissions and other fees charged by
custodians and other entities. Please refer to Item 12 of this brochure for additional information regarding
brokerage practices.
Seven Post only implements its investment management recommendations after the client has arranged for and
furnished us with all information and authorization regarding accounts with appropriate financial institutions.
Financial institutions include any financial institution recommended by Seven Post, or a client-directed broker-
dealer, trust company or custodian (collectively referred to herein as the “Financial Institutions”).
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In light of the size of the aggregate client assets under Seven Post’s management, Seven-Post-recommended
Financial Institutions often may provide more favorable services to clients than clients could achieve on their own.
There are a wide range of Financial Institutions that offer custody, brokerage, and trading services. Depending on
various factors, commissions and other costs charged by Seven Post-recommended Financial Institutions may be
lower or higher than those charged by others.
Clients will incur certain charges imposed by the Financial Institutions and other third parties such as custodial
fees, charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, ETF, or other comingled liquid or illiquid structures in the account,
which are disclosed in the fund’s prospectus or offering materials (e.g., fund management fees and other fund
expenses), deferred sales charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire transfer and electronic fund fees and
other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions, to the extent applicable. Such charges,
fees and commissions are exclusive of and in addition to Seven Post’s fee. If Seven Post’s clients invest in
Unaffiliated Private Investments, they pay additional asset-based and/or performance-based fees to those funds’
managers and a pro rata portion of the funds’ expenses. These fees and expenses are disclosed in the funds’
offering documents, which are furnished to Seven Post’s clients before they decide to invest in them. Seven Post
does not receive any portion of these Unaffiliated Private Investment fees.
The Client Agreement and the separate agreement with any Financial Institution typically authorize Seven Post or
Sub-Advisors to debit fees from the client’s account and directly remit those fees to Seven Post and/or the Sub-
Advisors. Financial Institutions recommended by Seven Post agree to send a statement to the client, via physical
or electronic means, at least quarterly, indicating all transactions in the account and all amounts disbursed from
the account, including the fees paid to Seven Post, Sub-Advisors, Model Portfolio Providers, and other parties.
ITEM 6. PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
Seven Post does not currently charge performance-based fees. However, upon client request, Seven Post may
provide investment advisory and management services on a performance fee basis. Performance-based fees would
typically be based on a share of the total returns or capital appreciation of the client’s account. The details of such
an arrangement would be specifically outlined in the Client Agreement. Performance-based compensation may
create an incentive for Seven Post to make more risky and speculative investments than it would otherwise make.
In addition, Seven Post has an incentive to favor any account that pays performance fees, because that fee structure
may result in higher total fees to Seven Post. Seven Post has established investment allocation procedures (as
described below under Item 12) to address this potential conflict of interest and to ensure that investment
opportunities are allocated in a manner that is designed to be fair to all clients and is not based upon the type or
amount of fees paid by such clients.
Seven Post complies with Rule 205-3 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 to the extent required by
applicable law.
ITEM 7. TYPES OF CLIENTS
Seven Post provides its services to clients with substantial assets, including individuals, families, endowments,
foundations, and other institutions. Seven Post may sub-advise other private funds in the future.
Account Minimums and Sub-Advisor Minimums
Seven Post generally seeks to advise clients with investable assets exceeding $100 million and has established a
minimum portfolio value threshold of $50 million. However, under certain circumstances, this minimum asset
level may be waived. Certain Sub-Advisors or Unaffiliated Private Investments impose more restrictive account
requirements and different billing practices than Seven Post. In such instances, Seven Post has altered its
corresponding account requirements and/or billing practices to accommodate those of the Sub-Advisors or Model
Portfolio Providers.
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ITEM 8. METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS
Methods of Analysis
Seven Post provides investment advisory services that are customized to the client’s investment objectives.
Consequently, client mandates generally include the following key elements:
Dialogue / Establishing Investment Objectives
At the outset of every engagement and on an ongoing basis, Seven Post engages in an active dialogue to gain an
understanding of the client’s goals and objectives. Seven Post collaborates with the client to establish or update
the client’s investment objectives. In certain instances, these objectives have been formalized as investment policy
guidelines. Investment objectives typically represent a long-term strategy for the Managed Portfolio(s). Seven Post
is generally authorized to manage client portfolios consistent with the client’s investment objectives.
Portfolio Design and Asset Allocation
Seven Post has developed a framework for identifying potential investment risks and opportunities across various
global investment classes. Seven Post’s analysis is primarily based on fundamental factors and asset class
valuation. Seven Post receives input from a wide variety of third-party research sources to dynamically manage
investments. The risks inherent in an allocation approach to investing may include a) fundamental analysis that
leads to the investment in an asset or strategy, while market conditions nonetheless negatively impact the value of
the asset or strategy and b) quantitative or technical analysis that identifies trends in economies or sectors when
the identified trend does not persist or reoccur. There is no guarantee that Seven Post will be able to accurately
predict a trend in the future or to acquire investments at discounts to their estimated intrinsic value.
Portfolio Construction and Implementation
Seven Post or Sub-Advisors actively implement, monitor, and rebalance, where appropriate, the assets comprising
the investment program. Based upon the client’s investment objectives, the investment program may include
both passive indices and active strategies. Managed Portfolio implementation and rebalancing are managed
across several key variables, which may include asset class, sector, geography, and other factors. In an effort to
diversify risks, costs and taxes (where applicable), Seven Post may allocate to Direct Investment and Sub-Advisor
investments, in core fixed income, global equities and liquid alternatives. These core strategies are typically
managed in a separate account structure. Seven Post has engaged Sub-Advisors and Model Portfolio Providers to
assist in the implementation of its strategies.
Client portfolios are customized based on various factors. We typically construct diversified portfolios to meet our
client’s investment objectives. We may also implement and/or recommend options-based strategies involving
leverage or utilize margin debt in the client’s accounts for investments or client-specific distribution requirements.
These options-based or leveraged strategies have an increased level of inherent risk. Please review the risks
outlined in the sections below. Considering these enhanced risks, a client may direct Seven Post, in writing, not to
employ any or all such strategies for such client’s accounts.
Sub-Advisor and Unaffiliated Private Investment Selection and Due Diligence
Based upon the client’s investment objectives, Seven Post’s allocation of certain client assets to Sub-Advisors and
Unaffiliated Private Investments, as well its use of Model Portfolio Providers, may involve additional risk and
present certain conflicts. For example, while we seek to select and engage Sub-Advisors, Unaffiliated Private
Investments, third-party managers, and Model Portfolio Providers for our clients in good faith and consistent with
our overall standards of care, persons we select and the terms on which we engage such persons for our clients
(including their fees) may be different and/or less favorable to our clients than those whom our clients (or others
acting on their behalf) might otherwise select or be able to obtain. Seven Post also does not have day-to-day
supervisory over, or management responsibilities with respect to, Sub-Advisors, Unaffiliated Private Investments
or other third-party managers.
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In certain instances, individuals affiliated with a Sub-Advisor, an Unaffiliated Private Investment, or a third-party
investment manager responsible for managing our clients’ assets (e.g., mutual fund manager) may also be existing
or potential advisory clients of Seven Post or may have other relationships with us. While our relationships with
these individuals as clients or potential clients present conflicts when we evaluate and/or engage their affiliated
Sub-Advisors or Unaffiliated Private Investments to manage our other clients’ assets, Seven Post selects Sub-
Advisors and Unaffiliated Private Investments based on their stated investment objectives, management style,
performance, reporting, pricing, research and not on the existence of any other relationships we have (or may seek
to have) with them.
As noted above, Sub-Advisor fees and/or Model Portfolio Provider fees may be charged to clients on a bundled or
an unbundled basis. In bundled fee arrangements, the client bears fees at a fixed rate that covers our fees as well
as applicable Sub-Advisor fees and/or Model Portfolio Provider fees and any fee reductions or discounts that we
may obtain from Sub-Advisors or Model Portfolio Providers generally increase the portion of the client’s overall
bundled fee that we retain. Because Sub-Advisors generally charge fees on a graduated scale based on overall
assets under management, in bundled fee arrangements we thus generally benefit as the amount of client assets
we allocate to them increases. In unbundled fee arrangements, such fee reductions or discounts do not benefit us
directly, but they do benefit our clients who have those arrangements (and not other clients). While these factors
may provide incentives for us to increase our allocations of client assets to certain Sub-Advisors, as noted above,
we select Sub-Advisors based on our assessment of the value that we believe they can deliver to our clients and
not on other factors.
We assess each Sub-Advisor and Unaffiliated Private Investment manager according to its investment history,
strategies, historic results, and associated risks. The type of due diligence we perform on a manager varies
according to the asset class and associated structural and investment risks.
Seven Post, or service providers hired by Seven Post, perform due diligence on Sub-Advisors covering various
factors, including investment philosophy, professional backgrounds, past track record, fees, and costs assessments.
Portfolio Monitoring, Risk Analysis and Management
Investment industry convention defines risk as the standard deviation of returns or volatility. For long-term
investors, Seven Post prefers to define risk as the permanent impairment of capital rather than price volatility.
Consequently, we believe that intermediate and long-term risk is best mitigated with multi-asset class portfolios.
The Firm has an Investment Committee that establishes best practices and is responsible for investment research,
review of asset class valuations, long-range capital asset class return and statistical assumptions and third-party
annual investment manager assessment. Approval by an Executive member of the Investment Committee (or a
delegated employee) is required for any material changes to asset allocations, investments, or manager additions
or terminations approved for utilization in discretionary client portfolios. Seven Post reviews all client Managed
Portfolio allocations on a periodic basis to ensure conformity with the client objectives (or client-provided policy
guidelines).
Investment Economic Research
Seven Post has developed equity valuation and other datasets to provide a guidepost for its Investment
Committee. Further, as an independent advisor, Seven Post utilizes a wide variety of sources for economic,
financial market and asset allocation research, including research organizations, various global investment banks,
investment partners and other sources. The investment views of the Firm are researched, analyzed, developed,
and implemented by its Investment Committee and applied in a customized manner consistent with client
objectives and/or client-provided policy guidelines.
Option Investment Management
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Where appropriate to meet the client’s objectives, Seven Post offers customized managed option investments
involving listed call and/or put options, including collars and put spread collars. Depending on the strategy, these
investments are managed either directly by Seven Post or by a Sub-Advisor.
The strategies generally involve selling and buying options. Certain strategies may involve the buying and selling of
equity securities (including ETFs) underlying the options in connection with exercises and assignments of options
contracts or for other purposes provided by the strategy. Depending on the client's objectives, the strategy may be
designed to generate yield through upfront premiums received from the sale of the options (which may cap upside
when selling calls or may introduce downside risk when selling puts) or may be designed to reduce the volatility of
the underlier (e.g. the primary component of how option value is derived) of such options.
Investing in options strategies involves speculation, leverage, and a high level of risk, as outlined in this section.
General Risks of Loss
Investing in securities involves the risk of loss. Clients should be prepared to bear such loss.
Clients should understand that all investments involve risk of loss and clients and investors should be prepared to
bear the loss of assets invested and, in the case of uncovered option strategies, beyond the amount invested. The
investment performance and the success of any investment strategy or particular investment can never be
predicted or guaranteed, and the value of a client’s or an investor’s investments fluctuates due to market
conditions and other factors. The investment decisions made and the actions taken are subject to various market,
liquidity, currency, economic and political risks, and will not necessarily be profitable. The types of risks and the
degree to which any particular risks impact a client’s portfolio, may change over time depending on various
factors, including the investment strategies, investment techniques and asset classes utilized, the timing of
portfolio investments, prevailing market and economic conditions, reputational considerations, and the
occurrence of adverse social, political, regulatory or other developments. Past performance is not indicative of
future performance.
There is no guarantee that any investment strategy will meet its objectives. Depending on the investment, clients
may face the following risks (in alphabetical order):
Active Management Risk
The success of a client’s account that is actively managed depends upon the investment skills and analytical
abilities of Seven Post, Sub-Advisors, and/or Unaffiliated Private Investment portfolio managers to develop and
effectively implement strategies that achieve the client’s investment objective. Subjective decisions made by Seven
Post, Sub-Advisors, and/or Unaffiliated Private Investment portfolio managers may cause a client portfolio to incur
losses or to miss profit opportunities on which it may have otherwise capitalized.
There is no guarantee that active management will produce results that exceed the performance of a passive
index. Active management involves specific market risks and the potential for underperformance relative to the
benchmark indices.
Artificial Intelligence Tools
Seven Post uses artificial intelligence (AI) tools primarily to assist its professionals to streamline and automate
operational, compliance, and administrative tasks. Risks associated with using AI, include but are not limited to
potential errors from data inaccuracies, technical challenges, and added cybersecurity concerns. Sub-Advisors
selected by Seven Post may use AI tools for automated investment management.
Seven Post does not utilize artificial intelligence tools to make automated asset allocation changes or systematic
security-level investment purchases or sales.
Business Continuity Risk
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Seven Post has developed a Business Continuity Program (the “BCP”) that is designed to minimize the impact of
adverse events that affect Seven Post or its affiliates’ ability to carry on normal business operations. Such adverse
events include, but are not limited to, natural disasters, outbreaks of pandemic and epidemic diseases, terrorism,
acts of governments, any act of declared or undeclared war, power shortages or failures, utility or communication
failure or delays, labor disputes, strikes, shortages, supply shortages, and system failures or malfunctions. While
Seven Post believes the BCP should allow it to resume normal business operations in a timely manner following an
adverse event, there are inherent limitations in such programs, including the possibility that the BCP does not
anticipate all contingencies or procedures do not work as intended. Vendors, Sub-Advisors, and service providers
to Seven Post and its affiliates may also be affected by adverse events and are subject to the same risks that their
respective business continuity plans do not cover all contingencies. In the event the BCP at Seven Post or similar
programs at vendors and service providers do not adequately address all contingencies, client portfolios may be
negatively affected as there may be an inability to process transactions, calculate net asset values, value client
investments, or disruptions to trading in client accounts. A client’s ability to recover any losses or expenses it
incurs as a result of a disruption of business operations may be limited by the liability, standard of care, and
related provisions in its contractual agreements with Seven Post and other service providers.
Buyouts/Growth Capital
Buyout and growth capital private funds frequently structure their investments with the use of leverage. While the
use of leverage may enhance the returns on a successful investment, a company with a leveraged capital structure
will be subject to increased exposure to changing economic conditions, such as a significant rise in interest rates,
or a downturn in the economy or the company’s industry, enhancing the risk of loss associated with the
investment.
Call Options Risk
Call options may result in the risk of significant losses including the risk of losses equal to or greater than the
premium paid/received in a relatively short period of time. The seller (writer) of a call option which is covered (i.e.,
the writer holds the underlying security) assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security
below the purchase price of the underlying security less the premium received and gives up the opportunity for
gain on the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered call option
assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the
exercise price of the option. The seller (writer) of a call option assumes the risk of the appreciation of the security
underlying the option, which will negatively impact the performance of the call option selling strategy. If the
underlying security appreciates above the option strike price, when the option is exercised against the seller, the
seller of the call option will be required to deliver the underlying asset at the strike price and forego any
appreciation that could have been realized if the asset were liquidated at the current market price. The seller
(writer) of the option may close out an existing option position before it is exercised by paying the cost to close out
the position, which will generally be higher than the original premium received. The seller may also determine to
roll the existing option position by closing out the position and replacing it with a new option. The options seller
will need to pay the cost to close out the existing position and the premium received from the sale of the new
option will likely be less than the amount paid to close out the original position. The options seller will bear the full
amount of any cost to close out an existing position. Sales of shares underlying options positions to meet
settlement obligations to close out an options position on a roll or otherwise may result in tax consequences,
including the realization of tax gains or losses.
Call Risk (Fixed Income)
Fixed income securities will be subject to the risk that an issuer may exercise its right to redeem a fixed income
security earlier than expected (a call). Issuers may call outstanding securities prior to their maturity for a number
of reasons (e.g., declining interest rates, changes in credit spreads and improvements in the issuer’s credit quality).
If an issuer calls a security that a client holds, the client may not recoup the full amount of its initial investment or
may not realize the full anticipated earnings from the investment and may be forced to reinvest in lower-yielding
securities, securities with greater credit risks or securities with other, less favorable features.
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Commodities Risk
The value of commodities investments will generally be affected by overall market movements and factors specific
to a particular industry or commodity, such as weather, embargoes, tariffs, health, political, international and
regulatory developments. Economic and other events (whether real or perceived) can reduce the demand for
commodities, which may reduce market prices and cause the value of a client portfolio to fall. The frequency and
magnitude of such changes cannot be predicted. Exposure to commodities and commodities markets may subject
a client portfolio to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. No active trading market may exist
for certain commodities investments, which may impair the ability to sell or to realize the full value of such
investments in the event of the need to liquidate such investments. In addition, adverse market conditions may
impair the liquidity of actively traded commodities investments. Certain types of commodities instruments (such as
total return swaps and commodity-linked notes) are subject to the risk that the counterparty to the instrument will
not perform or will be unable to perform in accordance with the terms of the instrument.
Concentration Risk
A strategy that concentrates its investments in a particular sector of the market (such as the technology or
financial services sectors) or a specific geographic area (such as a country or state) may be impacted by events that
adversely affect that sector or area, and the value of a portfolio using such a strategy may fluctuate more than a
less concentrated portfolio.
Concentrated positions in single issuers or industries increase the risk of loss on investment.
Corporate Debt Risk
Fixed income corporate debt securities are subject to the risk of the issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest
payments on the obligation and may also be subject to price volatility due to such factors as interest rate
sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity. When interest
rates rise, the value of corporate debt securities can be expected to decline. Debt securities with longer maturities
tend to be more sensitive to interest rate movements than those with shorter maturities. Company defaults can
impact the level of returns generated by corporate debt securities. An unexpected default can reduce income and
the capital value of a corporate debt security. Furthermore, market expectations regarding economic conditions
and the likely number of corporate defaults may impact the value of corporate debt securities.
Counterparty Risk
A financial institution or other counterparty with whom an investor does business (such as trading or securities
lending), or that underwrites, distributes or guarantees any investments or contracts that an investor owns or is
otherwise exposed to, may decline in financial condition and become unable to honor its commitments. This could
cause the value of an investor’s portfolio to decline or could delay the return or delivery of collateral or other
assets to the investor. Although there can be no assurance that an investor will be able to do so, the investor may
be able to reduce or eliminate its exposure under a swap agreement either by assignment or other disposition, or
by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same party or another creditworthy party. The investor
may have limited ability to eliminate its exposure under a credit default swap if the credit of the referenced entity
or underlying asset has declined.
Credit Risk
Fixed income debt obligations are subject to the risk of non-payment of scheduled principal and interest. Changes
in economic conditions or other circumstances may reduce the capacity of the party obligated to make principal
and interest payments on such instruments and may lead to defaults. Such non-payments and defaults may reduce
the value of, or income distributions from, a client portfolio. The value of a fixed income security also may decline
because of concerns about the issuer’s ability to make principal and interest payments. In addition, the credit
ratings of debt obligations may be lowered if the financial condition of the party obligated to make payments with
respect to such instrument’s changes. Credit ratings assigned by rating agencies are based on a number of factors
and do not necessarily reflect the issuer’s current financial condition or the volatility or liquidity of the security. In
the event of bankruptcy of the issuer of debt obligations, a client portfolio could experience delays or limitations
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with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of any collateral securing the instrument. In order to enforce its
rights in the event of a default, bankruptcy or similar situation, a client may be required to retain legal or similar
counsel at their own expense.
Direct Investment
Direct investments may involve taking positions in the equity or debt securities of private companies or private real
estate investments. Often, little or no secondary market exists for such securities of private companies, and many
of the direct investments could involve placing investor capital at risk for longer periods than for investments in
underlying funds. Private real estate equity and debt markets have low levels of liquidity and may become illiquid
during periods of financial or economic market distress.
Fixed Income Risks
Investment in fixed income securities involves certain risks including credit, interest rates, inflation, reinvestment,
prepayment and duration risks, all of which may impact the price of the fixed income security. Market yields on
longer maturity securities are more sensitive to price changes. High yield fixed income securities have significantly
higher risks than investment grade fixed income securities. In the event of default, a fixed income investment may
suffer a loss.
Foreign Currency Risk
In general, the value of investments in, or denominated in, foreign currencies increases when the U.S. dollar is
weak (i.e., is losing value relative to foreign currencies) or when foreign currencies are strong (i.e., are gaining
value relative to the U.S. dollar). When foreign currencies are weak or the U.S. dollar is strong, such investments
generally will decrease in value. The value of foreign currencies as measured in U.S. dollars may be unpredictably
affected by changes in foreign currency rates and exchange control regulations, application of foreign tax laws
(including withholding tax), governmental administration of economic or monetary policies (in the U.S. or abroad),
intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, and relations between
nations. A devaluation of a currency by a country’s government or banking authority will have a significant impact
on the value of any investments denominated in that currency. Currency markets generally are not as regulated as
securities markets and currency transactions are subject to settlement, custodial and other operational risks.
Exposure to foreign currencies through derivative instruments will also be subject to the Derivatives Risks
described below.
Cyber Security Risk
As technology becomes more engrained in businesses, information about clients and Seven Post may be more
susceptible to cyber security breaches. Cyber security breaches and risks include both intentional and
unintentional events and may include, but are not limited to: third parties purposefully hacking Seven Post’s
systems to access confidential client information; attacks designed to disrupt Seven Post’s normal business
operations; corruption or destruction of data; or inadvertent disclosure by Seven Post of confidential information.
Additionally, Seven Post utilizes third parties for a variety of services, including custodians, broker dealers, Sub-
Advisors, vendors, transfer agents, and advisors. Such third parties may have access to Seven Post’s systems or
confidential information, or Seven Post may rely on the third party’s systems to perform certain business
functions. If the third party suffers a cyber-security event, confidential information about Seven Post’s clients may
be exposed or Seven Post may not be able to access the systems. Moreover, a security in a client’s account may
decline in value if the issuer or counterparty to such security suffers a cyber-security event. Seven Post has
adopted both business continuity plans and technology advisors to reduce the risk of cyber security breaches.
However, there are no guarantees that these actions will prevent cyber security breaches or foresee future
threats.
Data Source Risk
Seven Post, Sub-Advisors, and/or Unaffiliated Private Investment portfolio managers subscribe to a variety of
third-party data sources that are used to evaluate, analyze, and formulate investment decisions. If a third party
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provides inaccurate data, client accounts may be negatively affected. While Seven Post believes the third-party
data sources are reliable, there are no guarantees that data will be accurate.
Debt Market Risk
Economic and other events (whether real or perceived) can reduce the demand for certain income securities or for
investments generally, which may reduce market prices and cause the value of a client portfolio to fall. The
frequency and magnitude of such changes cannot be predicted. Certain securities and other investments can
experience downturns in trading activity and, at such times, the supply of such instruments in the market may
exceed the demand. At other times, the demand for such instruments may exceed the supply in the market. An
imbalance in supply and demand in the market may result in valuation uncertainties and greater volatility, less
liquidity, wider trading spreads and a lack of price transparency in the market. No active trading market may exist
for certain investments, which may impair the ability to sell or to realize the full value of such investments in the
event of the need to liquidate such assets. Adverse market conditions may impair the liquidity of some actively
traded investments.
Derivatives (or Option Contracts) Risk: The use of derivatives can lead to losses because of adverse movements in
the price or value of the asset, index, rate, or instrument underlying a derivative, due to failure of the counterparty
or tax or regulatory constraints. In this context, derivatives include but are not limited to futures, forwards,
options, participatory notes, warrants, and other similar instruments that may be valued based upon another or
related asset. Derivatives can create economic leverage in a client portfolio, which magnifies the portfolio’s
exposure to the underlying investment. Derivatives risk may be more significant when derivatives are used to
enhance return or as a substitute for a position or security, rather than solely to hedge the risk of a position or
security held by a client portfolio. Derivatives for hedging purposes may not reduce risk if they are not sufficiently
correlated to the position being hedged. A decision as to whether, when and how to use derivatives involves the
exercise of specialized skill and judgment, and a transaction may be unsuccessful in whole or in part because of
market behavior or unexpected events. Derivative instruments may be difficult to value, may be illiquid, and can
be subject to wide swings in valuation caused by changes in the value of the underlying instrument. If a derivative
counterparty is unable to honor its commitments, the value of a client portfolio may decline and/or the portfolio
could experience delays in the return of collateral or other assets held by the counterparty. The loss on derivative
transactions can substantially exceed the initial investment. Certain strategies use derivatives extensively.
Duration Risk
Duration measures the expected life of a fixed-income security, which can determine its sensitivity to changes in
the general level of interest rates. Securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate
changes than securities with shorter durations. A portfolio with a longer dollar-weighted average duration can be
expected to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than a portfolio with a shorter dollar-weighted average
duration. Duration differs from maturity in that it considers a security’s coupon payments in addition to the
amount of time until the security matures. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration.
Equity Risk
Investments in equity securities involve significant risks. Prices of specific equity securities may fall irrespective of
the movement of the overall securities market.
Portfolios may be sensitive to stock market volatility and some stocks within a client’s portfolio may be more
volatile than the market as a whole. The value of stocks and related instruments may decline in response to
conditions affecting the general economy; overall market changes; local, regional, or global political, social or
economic instability; and currency, interest rate and commodity price fluctuations, as well as issuer or sector
specific events. Certain stocks, sectors, or regions might be more significantly impacted by market conditions
compared to others. If the stock market declines, the value of a portfolio will also likely decline and, although stock
values can rebound, there is no assurance that values will return to previous levels.
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Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) Risk
Investing in an exchange-traded fund (ETF) exposes a client portfolio to all of the risks of that ETF’s investments
and subjects it to a pro rata portion of the ETF’s fees and expenses. As a result, the cost of investing in ETF shares
may exceed the cost of investing directly in its underlying investments. ETF shares trade on an exchange at a
market price which may vary from the ETF’s net asset value. ETFs may be purchased at prices that exceed the net
asset value of their underlying investments and may be sold at prices below such net asset value. Because the
market price of ETF shares depends on market demand, the market price of an ETF may be more volatile than the
underlying portfolio of securities the ETF is designed to track. A client account may not be able to liquidate ETF
holdings at the time and price desired, which may impact performance.
Exchange Traded Note (ETN) Risk
An exchange-traded note (ETN) is a debt obligation and its payments of interest or principal are linked to the
performance of a referenced investment (typically an index). ETNs are subject to the performance of their issuer
and may lose all or a portion of their entire value if the issuer fails or its credit rating changes. An ETN that is tied to
a specific index may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and weighting of the
components of that index. ETNs also incur certain expenses not incurred by the referenced investment and the
cost of owning an ETN may exceed the cost of investing directly in the referenced investment. The market trading
price of an ETN may be more volatile than the referenced investment it is designed to track. ETNs may be
purchased at prices that exceed net asset value and may be sold at prices below such value. A client account may
not be able to liquidate ETN holdings at the time and price desired, which may impact performance.
Force Majeure
Acts of God, cyber-attacks, terrorist activity, armed conflict, large scale infrastructure failure, pandemics and other
extenuating circumstances may negatively impact asset prices both directly and indirectly, by affecting country
economic stability, underlying companies, exchange or trading operations and other investment operations,
among others.
Foreign, Emerging and Frontier Markets Risk
The value of a client portfolio may be adversely affected by changes in currency exchange rates and political and
economic developments across multiple borders. In emerging or less developed countries, these risks can be more
significant than in major markets in developed countries. In many emerging markets there is significantly less
publicly available information about domestic companies due to differences in applicable regulatory, accounting,
auditing, and financial reporting and recordkeeping standards. In addition, in some jurisdictions, foreign
investments may be made through organizational structures that are necessary to address restrictions on foreign
investments. These structures may limit investor rights and recourse. More generally, there may be limited
corporate governance standards and avenues of recourse as compared to U.S. companies. Additionally,
shareholder claims that are common in the U.S. and are generally viewed as deterring misconduct, including class
action securities law and fraud claims, frequently are difficult or impossible to pursue as a matter of law or
practicality in many emerging markets. Furthermore, lack of relevant data and reliable public information about
portfolio companies in emerging markets can contribute to incorrect weightings and data and computational
errors when an index provider selects companies for inclusion in an index. Generally, investment markets in
emerging and frontier countries are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile, and as a result, the value of
a portfolio investing in emerging or frontier markets may be more volatile. Emerging and frontier market
investments often are subject to speculative trading, which typically contributes to volatility. Emerging and frontier
market countries also may have relatively unstable governments and economies. Trading in foreign, emerging and
frontier markets usually involves higher expenses than trading in the U.S. A client portfolio investing in these
markets may have difficulties enforcing its legal or contractual rights in a foreign country. Depositary receipts are
subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities, including political and economic
risks. While American Depository Receipts (ADRs) are denominated in U.S. dollars, they are still subject to currency
exchange rate risks. ADRs are traded on U.S. market hours which do not match the local markets. Due to this, ADR
prices are also subject to exchange rate fluctuations and market information outside of local market hours.
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General Investing Risks
All investments carry a certain amount of risk and there is no guarantee that a client portfolio will be able to
achieve its investment objective. Investors generally should have a long-term investment perspective and be able
to tolerate potentially sharp declines in value and/or investment losses. Investment advisers, other market
participants and many securities markets are subject to rules and regulations and the jurisdiction of one or more
regulators. Changes to applicable rules and regulations could have an adverse effect on securities markets and
market participants, as well as on the ability to execute a particular investment strategy.
Government, Political, and Regulatory Risk
U.S. and foreign legislative, regulatory, and other government actions which may include changes to regulations,
the tax code, trade policy, or the overall regulatory environment may negatively affect the value of securities
within a client’s account, or may affect Seven Post, Sub-Advisors, and/or Unaffiliated Private Investment portfolio
managers ability to execute its investing strategies. The U.S. government may impose sanctions on certain issuers
and prohibit clients from investing in their securities. Clients which hold sanctioned issuers may be required to
divest from these holdings. The imposition of sanctions may negatively affect the value of an issuer’s securities. If
compliance costs associated with such events increase, the costs of investing may increase, negatively affecting
clients.
Hedge Correlation Risk
Certain strategies seek to maintain substantially offsetting exposures and follow a generally market-neutral
approach. Hedging instruments utilized for these strategies may not maintain the intended correlation to the
investment being hedged or may otherwise fail to achieve their intended purpose. Failure of the hedge
instruments to track a client portfolio’s investments could result in the client portfolio having substantial residual
exposure to market risk.
Implementation Risk and Market Timing
The timing and speed of investment implementation present inherent risks that may impact portfolio
performance. Faster implementation can reduce cash drag, the opportunity cost of holding uninvested cash in a
rising market. However, deploying capital too quickly may result in purchasing securities at elevated market levels,
increasing the risk of near-term declines if valuations adjust downward.
Conversely, slower implementation may provide opportunities to allocate capital at more favorable prices over
time. However, delaying investment decisions may expose portfolios to the risk of missing market appreciation,
particularly in strong upward-trending environments. This could result in performance lag relative to fully invested
strategies. Clients should be aware that Seven Post’s approach to investment implementation considers each
client’s long-term objectives, financial market conditions, and other factors, and there is no assurance that Seven
Post will optimize investment outcomes.
Illiquid Investments
Investments in certain underlying funds, including private equity, private debt, real estate, or other private
investments, will be illiquid, entailing a high degree of risk. An investor in an illiquid underlying fund may be
expected to hold its investment in the underlying fund for the entire life of the underlying fund, which is typically
seven to ten years or more. The underlying investments of an underlying fund, at any given time, may consist of
significant amounts of securities and other financial instruments that are very thinly traded, or for which no
market exists, or which are restricted as to their transferability under U.S. or state or non-U.S. securities laws. In
some cases, underlying funds may also be prohibited by contract from selling such securities for a period of time.
In other cases, the types of investments made by underlying funds may require a substantial length of time to
liquidate. Consequently, there is a significant risk that the underlying funds will be unable to realize their
investment objectives by sale or other disposition of portfolio company securities at attractive prices, or will
otherwise be unable to complete any exit strategy with respect to their portfolio companies. These risks can be
further increased by changes in the financial condition or business prospects of the portfolio companies, changes
in economic conditions and changes in law. An underlying fund may distribute its investments “in-kind”, which may
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be composed of illiquid securities. There can be no assurance that clients or investors would be able to dispose of
these investments or that the value of these investments, as determined generally by an underlying fund, will
ultimately be realized.
Income Risk
A portfolio’s ability to generate income will depend on the yield available on the securities held by the portfolio. In
the case of equity securities, changes in the dividend policies of companies held by a client portfolio could make it
difficult for the portfolio to generate a predictable level of income. The use of dividend-capture strategies to
generate income will generally expose a client portfolio to higher portfolio turnover, increased trading costs and
the potential for capital loss or gain, particularly in the event of significant short-term price movements of stocks
subject to dividend capture trading.
Inflation-Linked Security Risk
Inflation-linked debt securities are subject to the effects of changes in market interest rates caused by factors
other than inflation (real interest rates). In general, the price of an inflation-linked security tends to decrease when
real interest rates increase and can increase when real interest rates decrease. Interest payments on inflation-
linked securities may vary widely and will fluctuate as the principal and interest are adjusted for inflation. Any
increase in the principal amount of an inflation-linked debt security will be taxable ordinary income, even though
the portfolio will not receive the principal until maturity. There can be no assurance that the inflation index used
will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. A portfolio’s investments in
inflation-linked securities may lose value in the event that the actual rate of inflation is different than the rate of
the inflation index.
Interest Rate Risk
As interest rates rise, the value of a client portfolio invested primarily in fixed-income securities or similar
instruments is likely to decline. Conversely, when interest rates decline, the value of such a client portfolio is likely
to rise. Securities with longer maturities are more sensitive to changes in interest rates than securities with shorter
maturities, making them more volatile. A rising interest rate environment may extend the average life of
mortgages or other asset-backed receivables underlying mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities. This
extension increases the risk of depreciation due to future increases in market interest rates. In a declining interest
rate environment, prepayment of certain types of securities may increase. In such circumstances, the portfolio
manager may have to reinvest the prepayment proceeds at lower yields. A strategy that is managed toward an
income objective may hold securities with longer maturities and therefore be more exposed to interest rate risk
than a strategy focused on total return.
Interval Mutual Fund Risks
Interval mutual funds often invest in illiquid private assets (e.g., private debt, private equity, private real estate,
etc.) and carry unique risks beyond those of traditional mutual funds, primarily due to their limited or lack of
liquidity. Investors can only redeem shares at predetermined intervals, typically on a quarterly basis, which may
restrict access to capital. If redemption requests exceed the fund’s repurchase capacity, investors may receive no
redemption or only a partial redemption of their requested shares.
These funds often invest in illiquid or alternative assets, leading to valuation uncertainties and potential pricing
discrepancies. Exposure to market volatility, interest rate fluctuations, and credit risk can further impact
performance, potentially resulting in significant investment losses. Some interval funds also employ leverage,
which magnifies both gains and losses, increasing overall investment risk.
Additionally, interval mutual funds typically have higher fees and expenses than traditional mutual funds, which
can erode long-term returns. There is no guarantee that the fund’s investment strategies will achieve their
intended objectives, and investors may experience a partial or total loss of capital.
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Investment and Due Diligence Process
Before making Direct Investments, selecting Sub-Advisors, or selecting Unaffiliated Private Investments, Seven Post
will generally conduct due diligence that it deems reasonable and appropriate based on the facts and
circumstances applicable to each investment. When conducting due diligence, Seven Post may be required to
evaluate important and complex business, financial, tax, accounting, economic, geopolitical, and legal issues.
When conducting due diligence and making an assessment regarding an investment, Seven Post will rely on the
resources reasonably available to it, including third parties engaged by Seven Post to provide investment research
and other information on Direct Investments, Sub-Advisors, Unaffiliated Private Investments, or other investments.
In some circumstances, whether or not known to Seven Post at the time, the information utilized may not be
sufficient, accurate, complete or reliable. Due diligence may not reveal or highlight matters that could have a
material adverse effect on the value of an investment or selection of Sub-Advisors or Unaffiliated Private
Investments.
Strategy and Index Replication Risks
Seven Post’s investment strategies may include index-replication, customized index formulation, and strategies
and sector exposure management techniques within a portion of client Managed Portfolios. These techniques are
typically implemented through the design of portfolios managed by Sub-Advisors. However, index and strategy
replication are subject to risks, including inaccuracies in replication, reliance on outdated or incomplete data, and
other tracking errors. Market fluctuations, changes in underlying securities, or errors in methodology may cause
performance deviations from the intended index or strategy exposure. Additionally, unforeseen market conditions,
liquidity constraints, or external economic factors may exacerbate these risks. As a result, there are risks that
investments utilizing these techniques may underperform their target benchmarks or the underlying strategies
they seek to replicate.
Legal, Tax and Regulatory Risks
Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur that could adversely affect the investments made by Seven Post,
Sub-Advisors, of fund managers. Market disruptions and the dramatic increase in the capital allocated to asset
management strategies during recent years have led to increased governmental as well as self-regulatory
organization scrutiny of alternative investment vehicles such as the underlying funds. It is uncertain what impact
legal, tax and regulatory changes impact the markets in which the underlying investment strategies trade and
invest, or the counterparties with which they do business will have, or what further changes may be instituted.
Any such regulation could have a material adverse impact on the profit potential of investments.
Leverage Risk
Certain types of investment transactions may give rise to a form of leverage. Such transactions may include, among
others, the use of when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions, residual interest bonds,
short sales, and certain derivative transactions. A client portfolio may be required to segregate liquid assets or
otherwise cover the portfolio’s obligation created by a transaction that may give rise to leverage. To satisfy the
portfolio’s obligations or to meet segregation requirements, portfolio positions may be required to be liquidated
when it is not advantageous to do so. Leverage can cause the value of a client portfolio to be more volatile than if
it had not been leveraged, as certain types of leverage may exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in
the value of securities in a client portfolio. The loss on leveraged transactions can substantially exceed the initial
investment.
Liquidity Risk
A client portfolio is exposed to liquidity risk when trading volume, lack of a market maker or trading partner, large
position size, market conditions, or legal restrictions impair its ability to sell particular investments or to sell them
at advantageous market prices. Consequently, the client portfolio may have to accept a lower price to sell an
investment or continue to hold it or keep the position open, sell other investments to raise cash or give up an
investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the portfolio’s performance. These effects
may be exacerbated during times of financial or political stress.
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Lower Credit Rated Investments Risk
Fixed income investments rated below investment grade and comparable unrated investments (sometimes
referred to as “junk”) have speculative characteristics because of the credit risk associated with their issuers.
Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances typically have a greater effect on the ability of issuers of
lower rated investments to make principal and interest payments than they do on issuers of higher rated
investments. An economic downturn generally leads to a higher non-payment rate, and a lower rated investment
may lose significant value before a default occurs. Lower rated investments typically are subject to greater price
volatility and illiquidity than higher rated investments.
Market Risk
Client investments may be affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability
of credit, commodity prices and economic conditions, changes in law, trade barriers, currency controls and political
events. These factors may affect securities prices and liquidity. Such price volatility or illiquidity could result in
losses. The profitability of a significant portion of Seven Post’s recommendations may depend to a great extent
upon correctly assessing the future course of price movements of stocks and bonds. There can be no assurance
that we will be able to predict those price movements accurately.
Economic and other events (whether real or perceived) such as pandemics, global health crises, war, terrorism, or
other geopolitical events can increase volatility and reduce the demand for certain securities or for investments
generally, which may reduce market prices and cause the value of a client portfolio to fall. The frequency and
magnitude of such changes cannot be predicted. Certain securities can experience downturns in trading activity
and, at such times, the supply of such instruments in the market may exceed the demand. At other times, the
demand for such instruments may exceed the supply in the market. An imbalance in supply and demand in the
market may result in valuation uncertainties and greater volatility, less liquidity, widening credit spreads and a lack
of price transparency in the market. No active trading market may exist for certain investments, which will impair
the ability of the portfolio manager to sell or to realize the full value of such investments in the event of the need
to liquidate such assets. Adverse market conditions can impair the liquidity of some actively traded investments.
Maturity Risk
Interest rate risk will generally affect the price of a fixed income security more if the security has a longer maturity.
Fixed income securities with longer maturities will therefore be more volatile than other fixed income securities
with shorter maturities. Conversely, fixed income securities with shorter maturities will be less volatile but
generally provide lower returns than fixed income securities with longer maturities. The average maturity of a
client portfolio’s investments will affect the volatility of the portfolio’s rate of return.
Model Portfolio Provider Risks
Model Portfolio Providers may be engaged by Seven Post to provide asset class or security level recommendations.
Model Portfolio Providers are not fiduciaries to Seven Post or its clients. Most Model Portfolio Providers also
manage separate accounts or comingled investment structures where they serve as fiduciaries to their clients.
Investment trades are conducted first by Model Portfolio Provider firms on their separately managed accounts or
other investment vehicles. Seven Post will receive portfolio recommendations after Model Portfolio Provider
accounts have already purchased or sold recommended securities. Model Portfolio Provider recommendations
and implementation may result in lower or higher returns compared to the Model Portfolio Provider’s fiduciary
accounts. This delay can be influenced by various factors, including contractual agreements, liquidity constraints,
and compliance or operational processes. Additionally, the decision to buy or sell and the timing of the investment
is either directed by Seven Post or a third-party directed by Seven Post. Additionally, stock market volatility can
further amplify this risk, as rapid price movements may cause significant deviations from the original
recommendations made by the Model Portfolio Provider.
Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”)
An investment in a mutual fund or ETF involves risk, including the loss of principal. Mutual fund and ETF
shareholders are necessarily subject to the risks stemming from the individual issuers of the fund’s underlying
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portfolio securities. Such shareholders are also liable for taxes on any fund-level capital gains, as mutual funds and
ETFs are required by law to distribute capital gains in the event they sell securities for a profit that cannot be offset
by a corresponding loss.
Shares of mutual funds are generally distributed and redeemed on an ongoing basis by the fund itself or a broker
acting on its behalf. The trading price at which a share is transacted is equal to a fund’s stated daily per share net
asset value (“NAV”), plus any shareholders’ fees (e.g., sales loads, purchase fees, redemption fees). The per-share
NAV of a mutual fund is calculated at the end of each business day, although the actual NAV fluctuates with
intraday changes to the market value of the fund’s holdings. The trading prices of a mutual fund’s shares may
differ significantly from the NAV during periods of market volatility, which may, among other factors, lead to the
mutual fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to the NAV.
Shares of ETFs are listed on securities exchanges and transacted at negotiated prices in the secondary market.
Generally, ETF shares trade at or near their most recent NAV, which is generally calculated at least once daily for
index-based ETFs and more frequently for actively managed ETFs. However, certain inefficiencies may cause the
shares to trade at a premium or discount to their NAV. There is also no guarantee that an active secondary market
for such shares will develop or continue to exist. Generally, an ETF only redeems shares when aggregated as
creation units (usually 50,000 shares or more). Therefore, if a liquid secondary market ceases to exist for shares of
a particular ETF, a shareholder may have no way to dispose of such shares.
Municipal Bond Risk
The amount of public information available about fixed income municipal bonds is generally less than for
corporate equities or bonds. The secondary market for municipal bonds also tends to be less well-developed and
less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit an owner’s ability to sell its municipal bonds at
attractive prices. The spread between the price at which an obligation can be purchased and the price at which it
can be sold may widen during periods of market distress. Less liquid obligations can become more difficult to value
and be subject to erratic price movements. Municipal securities may be negatively impacted by factors such as
political changes, state and federal tax policy, litigation, bankruptcy, or increased costs facing the issuing
municipality. Municipal securities must meet certain legal requirements to be tax-exempt. Failure to meet such
requirements may cause interest received on the municipal security to be taxable. The increased presence of non-
traditional participants or the absence of traditional participants in the municipal markets may lead to greater
volatility in the markets.
New Strategies Risk
Certain investment strategies employed by Seven Post, Sub-Advisors, and other portfolio managers, including
those managing Unaffiliated Private Investments, may be new, untested, or lack a track record in periods of
significant market stress, disruption, or economic decline. Since these strategies have not been previously utilized
under such conditions, their effectiveness and resilience remain uncertain.
There is a risk that these strategies may fail to perform as expected, prove less effective in managing volatility, or
result in unexpected losses, potentially impacting client investment performance.
Operational Risk
Client accounts are subject to operational risks arising from various factors, including processing errors,
communication failures, human errors, inadequate or failed internal and external processes, fraud, system or
technology failures, personnel changes, and errors by third-party service providers.
The Firm operates in a distributed and hybrid work environment, with employees working both in-office and
remotely. This structure may heighten certain operational risks, including communication challenges, cybersecurity
vulnerabilities, and potential inefficiencies in workflow coordination.
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Additionally, Seven Post and its third-party service providers outsource functions to offshore personnel, vendors,
and contractors, including those in developing economies. This reliance on offshore resources introduces
additional risks, such as regulatory differences, time zone-related coordination challenges, increased cybersecurity
threats, cultural and language barriers, and difficulties in maintaining consistent quality standards.
Collectively, these factors contribute to a complex operational risk profile, which may lead to unexpected
disruptions, inefficiencies, or financial losses in a client’s account.
Options Close-Out Risk
There is a risk of losses associated with the inability to close out of existing positions if those options were to
become unavailable, including because regulatory agencies may impose exercise restrictions that may prevent the
holder of an option from realizing value. Options trading is a speculative investment activity that involves a high
degree of risk of loss beyond the value of the underlying securities investment. Transaction costs may be
significant in option strategies that require multiple purchases and sales of options.
Option Correlation Risk
Options correlation risk is the risk that the underlying equity portfolio does not correlate to or track closely with
the selected benchmark (which may be an index, ETF or basket) on which the options positions are based, and as a
result, the option strategy performance may vary substantially from the performance of the portfolio for any
period of time. For example, when writing call options on an index, the value of the index may appreciate while the
value of the equity portfolio declines in value. This may result in losses on both the option positions and the equity
portfolio.
Option Exercise Risk
There is a risk of loss associated with the early exercise of an option, which could result in the underlying stock
position being called away or having to cash settle the option prior to expiration. All options, whether those with
American style or European style exercise features are exposed to the fluctuation in the market price of the
underlier. American style options allow holders to exercise the option rights at any time before and including the
day of expiration. European style options allow execution only on the day of expiration. There is no guarantee
that an option will expire or be exercised at the optimal time, considering the price movements in the underlier
during the time the option is held in a portfolio.
Option Leverage Risk
Option leverage risk is the risk that the adverse impact and volatility to which a strategy may be subject can
substantially increase due to borrowing and the use of derivatives. When a strategy uses leverage, the sum of the
strategy’s investment exposures may significantly exceed the amount of assets invested in the strategy, although
these exposures may vary over time. Relatively small market movements may result in large changes in the value
of a leveraged investment. Uncovered put writing creates leverage risk and is not an equity replacement.
Option Sizing Risk
Option sizing risk is the risk that options strategies are not appropriately sized for a particular risk profile. Although
the risks of investing in an options strategy remain the same regardless of the size of the investment, appropriate
sizing can reduce the proportional impact of such risks relative to a client’s larger portfolio.
Option Strategy Risk
Certain client portfolios may employ an option strategy managed by a Seven Post Sub-Advisor that seeks to take
advantage of a general excess of option price-implied volatilities for a specified stock or index over the stock or
index’s subsequent realized volatility. This market observation is often attributed to the unknown risk to which an
option seller is exposed to in comparison to the fixed risk to which an option buyer is exposed. There can be no
assurance that this imbalance will apply in the future over specific periods or generally. It is possible that the
imbalance could decrease or be eliminated by actions of investors that employ strategies seeking to take
advantage of the imbalance, which would have an adverse effect on the client portfolio’s ability to achieve its
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investment objective. Further, directional movements of the underlying index or stock may overwhelm the
volatility differential for any given option resulting in a loss, regardless of the volatility relationship during that
specific option’s term. Call spread and put spread selling strategies employed by certain strategies are based on a
specified index or on exchange-traded funds that replicate the performance of certain indexes. If the index or an
ETF appreciates or depreciates sufficiently over the period to offset the net premium received, the client portfolio
will incur a net loss. The amount of potential loss in the event of a sharp market movement is subject to a cap
defined by the difference in strike prices between written and purchased call and put options. The value of the
specified exchange-traded fund is subject to change as the values of the component securities fluctuate. Also, it
may not exactly match the performance of the specified index. All options and other derivatives must be carefully
considered.
Options - Underlying Portfolios Market Risk
Clients may be exposed to the risk that certain equity portfolios underlying options positions may have losses that
are greater than gains in the value of the options positions in the strategy, or that losses on the option positions
will occur at the same time as losses in the value of the underlying equity positions of a strategy. In addition,
certain instruments, including exchange listed and Over-The-Counter (“OTC”) put and call options, may not be
liquid in all circumstances. As a result, in volatile markets, a client may not be able to close out of some
transactions without incurring losses substantially greater than the initial deposit.
The industry standard Options Disclosure Document (“ODD”) provides a full description of the characteristics and
risks of options and options trading. Clients may obtain an additional copy of the ODD by requesting a copy from
Seven Post or by visiting http://www.theocc.com/about/publications/character-risks.jsp.
Past Performance Results
Past performance is not indicative of future results. Similarly, the historical performance of Seven Post or any
investment manager is not a guarantee or prediction of the future performance of the manager’s portfolios or
funds.
Pooled Investment Vehicles Risk
Pooled investment vehicles include open- and closed-end investment companies, exchange-traded funds, and
private funds. Pooled investment vehicles are subject to the risks of investing in the underlying securities or other
investments. Shares of closed-end investment companies and ETFs may trade at a premium or discount to net
asset value and are subject to secondary market trading risks. Private investments are typically illiquid and not
freely tradeable. In addition, except as otherwise noted in this Form ADV Part 2A, the client portfolio will bear a
pro rata portion of the operating expenses of a pooled investment vehicle in which it invests.
Put Options Risk
The seller (writer) of a put option which is covered (i.e., the writer has cash to cover the full strike notional of the
option) assumes the risk of a decrease in the market price of the underlying security below the strike price of the
option less the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain above the premium received The seller of
an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the
exercise price of the option and gives up the opportunity for gain above the premium received. A put writing
strategy may significantly underperform a stand-alone equity position if the stock appreciates/depreciates very
rapidly or is more volatile than anticipated by the market. With an ongoing put writing strategy, losses may also
exceed the notional amount of the strategy over time. A seller (writer) of a put writing strategy assumes the risk
that the underlying security drops in value and, as a result of exercise by the purchaser of the option, the seller
(writer) of the put option may be required to purchase the underlier of the option at a price above the current
market price or deliver cash to cash settle an option where the value of the underlier is lower than the strike price.
It may not be possible to trade out of the options in the portfolio prior to their maturity, and even if it is possible,
there are transaction costs, which may be significant. If the seller (writer) of an uncovered put option is assigned
on an open option position that has been exercised, the seller (writer) may be required to liquidate assets to
satisfy the settlement obligations. If the market moves against uncovered put options positions, additional
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securities and other assets will be required as margin, on short notice, in order to maintain the put option
positions, or options positions for which there is a margin deficiency will be liquidated, most likely at a loss and the
seller (writer) will be liable for any resulting deficit. The risk of uncovered options is potentially unlimited and a
seller (writer) of put options may sustain a loss of all assets posted as margin.
Reliance on Key Personnel
While Seven Post has significant depth and experience in investing, the loss of one or more of the firm’s senior
personnel could adversely impact the firm’s ability to successfully implement investment strategies.
Real Estate Investing
While private real estate investing presents the potential for significant capital appreciation, such investments also
involve a high degree of risk, including a significant degree of financial, operating, illiquidity, and competitive risk.
Frequently, real estate investments made through underlying funds are structured with the use of leverage (or
borrowed money). While the use of leverage will enhance the returns on a successful investment, a leveraged
capital structure will be subject to increased exposure to extreme economic conditions, such as a significant rise in
interest rates, or a severe downturn in the economy, increasing the risk of loss associated with the investment.
Risk of Failing to Timely Rebalance Portfolios, Execute Orders or Achieve Best Execution
Seven Post or Sub-Advisors may not promptly rebalance portfolios to purchase or sell securities due to various
factors including documentation processing, operational delays, technology failure, or other matters.
Certain of Seven Post’s investment strategies depend significantly on its ability to timely trade securities and
achieve best execution for client portfolios. Trading orders may not be executed in a timely and efficient manner
due to various circumstances, including, for example, systems failures attributable to Seven Post, Sub-Advisors,
counterparties, brokers, dealers, custodians, agents, or other service providers. In addition, Seven Post’s trading
process relies on electronic execution systems (and may rely on new systems and technology in the future) and
Sub-Advisors. Such systems or Sub-Advisors may be subject to certain systemic limitations or mistakes, causing the
interruption or delay of trading orders made for client portfolios.
Risks of Model-Driven and Quantitative Investment Methods
Certain investment strategies employed by Seven Post, its Sub-Advisors, and Unaffiliated Private Investment
portfolio managers rely on publicly available information, proprietary models, and third-party quantitative tools to
inform investment decisions and implementation.
Quantitative equity index, sector, or strategy replication methods that utilize publicly available data may produce
returns that differ from the original strategy due to factors such as portfolio customization, adjustments by Seven
Post, implementation timing, liquidity constraints, and operational or compliance processes. Additionally, delays in
publicly available information, market dynamics, and rapid price movements may lead to significant deviations
from expected outcomes. Public filings and disclosures, including SEC Form 13F filings, used in index, sector, or
strategy replication methods, report investments as of the end of each calendar quarter but may be filed up to 45
days later, making the information stale. By the time a filing becomes available, an investor may have already
existed disclosed investment positions. Additionally, SEC Form 13F filings and other public disclosures may provide
only a partial view of an investor’s holdings, as not all securities require disclosure. Since these filings are publicly
accessible, other investors may monitor and act on them, potentially inflating the share prices of securities within
the strategy. The timing of investment decisions—whether directed by Seven Post or Sub-Advisors under its
guidance—can further impact performance. External factors, including volatility and liquidity fluctuations, may
amplify these risks, potentially causing unintended portfolio deviations.
Furthermore, quantitative models rely on historical data, assumptions, and algorithms that may contain errors,
limitations, or fail to account for unforeseen market conditions. If inaccuracies or deficiencies in these models go
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undetected, they could result in suboptimal investment decisions, potentially impacting client portfolios and
overall performance.
Risk that Significant Cash Positions Could Affect Performance
Seven Post generally does not use a firmwide asset allocation model across all clients to specify the percentage of
client portfolios that must be invested in any particular asset class or category of securities. Rather, Seven Post’s
asset allocation for each client portfolio is generally customized and a function of the Firm’s view on the potential
risk and return compared with available investment opportunities. Consequently, Seven Post client portfolios may
at any given time hold significant cash balances for an extended period of time, which could have a negative
impact on the performance of those client portfolios.
Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) and
Environmental, Social Responsibility, and Corporate Governance (ESG) Risks
Clients utilizing responsible SRI and ESG factors may underperform strategies which do not utilize responsible
investing and ESG considerations. Responsible investing and ESG strategies may operate by either excluding the
investments of certain issuers or by selecting investments based on their compliance with factors such as ESG.
These strategies may exclude certain sectors or industries from a client’s portfolio, potentially negatively affecting
the client’s investment performance if the excluded sector or industry outperforms. Responsible investing and ESG
are subjective by nature, and Seven Post and Sub-Advisors typically rely on analysis, indices, and ‘scores’ provided
by third parties in determining whether an issuer meets Seven Post or Sub-Advisors’ standards for inclusion or
exclusion. A client’s perception may differ from Seven Post, Sub-Advisors or a third party’s on how to judge an
issuers adherence to responsible investing principles.
Significant Increase or Decrease in Managed Assets
A significant increase or decrease in investment manager assets may impair their ability to generate returns on par
with their historical results. When faced with a significant increase or decrease in assets to invest, investment
managers could possibly diverge from stated strategies. This could result in losses.
Small Companies Risk
Smaller companies are generally subject to greater price fluctuations, limited liquidity, higher transaction costs and
higher investment risk. Such companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, may be
dependent on a limited management group, lack substantial capital reserves or an established performance
record. There is generally less publicly available information about such companies than for larger, more
established companies. Stocks of these companies frequently have lower trading volumes, making them more
volatile and potentially more difficult to value.
Structured Management Risk
Some of the strategies utilized by Seven Post or selected Sub-Advisors use rules-based, proprietary investment
techniques and analyses in making investment decisions. These strategies seek to take advantage of certain
quantitative and/or behavioral market characteristics identified, utilizing rules-based country, sector and
commodity weighting processes, structured allocation methodologies and disciplined rebalancing models.
These investment strategies have not been independently tested or validated, and there can be no
assurance they will achieve the desired results.
Tax-Managed Investing Risk
Investment strategies aimed at enhancing after-tax performance may face challenges in fully realizing strategic
gains or harvesting losses due to various factors. Market conditions can limit opportunities to generate tax losses.
A tax-managed strategy may require a client portfolio to retain a security for favorable tax treatment or to sell a
security to generate tax losses. However, a tax loss realized by a U.S. investor will be negated if the investor
repurchases the same security within the period specified under Section 1091 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC),
which governs wash sales of stock or securities.
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While certain Sub-Advisors generally seek to avoid wash sales as defined by U.S. tax regulations, they may still
occur inadvertently due to trades directed by the client, another Sub-Advisor, or Seven Post. Additionally, new
investments initiated by the client or Seven Post may also trigger a wash sale.
Investment portfolios may experience varying degrees of turnover, from minimal to significant, particularly in
cases of systematic tax-loss harvesting. Tax-sensitive portfolio management often involves trade-offs between tax
efficiency and investment optimization. Holding a position for tax reasons may lead to unintended portfolio
concentration, sector imbalances, or deviations from target allocations, which can impact risk and return.
Conversely, frequent tax-loss harvesting may increase trading activity, transaction costs, income tax compliance
costs, and portfolio turnover. Moreover, tax-managed investing strategies are subject to evolving tax laws, and
regulatory changes may reduce the effectiveness of certain approaches.
Clients should recognize that tax considerations are only one aspect of portfolio management, and there is no
guarantee that a tax-sensitive approach will consistently enhance after-tax returns. In certain circumstances, Seven
Post may sell or rebalance investments without regard to income tax consequences. There is a risk that these
decisions result in tax liabilities and may ultimately prove to be suboptimal investment choices.
Tax Risk
The tax treatment of investments held in a client portfolio may be adversely affected by future tax legislation,
Treasury Regulations and/or guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service that could affect the character,
timing, and/or amount of taxable income or gains attributable to an account. Income from tax-exempt municipal
obligations could be declared taxable because of unfavorable changes in tax laws, adverse interpretations by the
Internal Revenue Service or non-compliant conduct of a bond issuer.
Tracking Error Risk
Tracking error risk refers to the risk that the performance of a client portfolio may not match or correlate to that of
the target model, custom index, model portfolio, or market index it attempts to track, either on a daily or
aggregate basis. Factors such as security, sector, or country selection; fees and trading expenses; client-imposed
restrictions; imperfect correlation between the portfolio’s investments and the custom model or index; changes to
the composition of the custom model or index; regulatory policies; high portfolio turnover; customized tax
management; and the use of leverage all contribute to tracking error. Tracking error risk may cause the
performance of a client portfolio to be less or more than expected.
Unaffiliated Private Investments and Use of Private Funds and Collective Investment Vehicles
If deemed appropriate for certain clients, Sub-Advisors or Seven Post may recommend investment in direct or
indirect Unaffiliated Private Investments, including Unaffiliated Private Investments in or through private funds or
other collective investment vehicles. These Unaffiliated Private Investments may include investments in private
real estate or real estate funds, private equity and venture capital funds, hedge funds, joint ventures and/or other
private securities or instruments. In the case of investments made in or through private funds or other collective
investment vehicles, the underlying managers of those vehicles have broad discretion in selecting and managing
the investments and are not supervised or monitored by the Sub-Advisors or Seven Post. Private funds or other
collective investment vehicles are also subject to few limitations on the types of investments they may make and
generally have no diversification requirements. Private funds or other collective investment vehicles may trade on
margin or otherwise leverage positions, thereby increasing the risk to their investors. In addition, private funds are
not registered as investment companies and therefore are not regulated in the same manner as registered mutual
funds. There are numerous other risks in investing in private investments, including the lack of liquidity and
potential uncertainties in valuation. The risks vary significantly depending on investment strategy, type of
portfolio assets and concentration, liquidity terms, valuation, and multiple other factors. For Unaffiliated Private
Investments, Seven Post generally relies on net asset values (NAV) and other valuations reported by fund
managers, sponsors, joint venture partners, appraisers, or other valuation agents in preparing client reports on
asset values, performance and for purposes of calculating fees. Particularly in the case of real estate and private
funds that invest primarily in illiquid investments (including real estate, private equity and venture capital funds),
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these valuations are generally not based on observable market prices (unlike liquid publicly listed securities that
trade on exchanges). Rather, they are similar to accounting values and are reported to investors, typically on a
quarterly basis, to provide them with estimates of the value of their private investments and are based on the
valuation policies and procedures of the applicable valuation agent. Consequently, it is possible that these
valuations may deviate, sometimes significantly, from amounts ultimately realized when the underlying assets are
in fact sold or otherwise liquidated.
Clients should refer to the offering documents of such Unaffiliated Private Investments or investment vehicles for
further descriptions of additional risks specific to them.
U.S. Government Securities Risk (Fixed Income)
Although certain U.S. Government-sponsored agencies (such as the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and
the Federal National Mortgage Association) may be chartered or sponsored by acts of Congress, their securities are
neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. U.S. Treasury securities generally have a lower return than
other obligations because of their higher credit quality and market liquidity.
Valuation of Investments
Seven Post and affiliates ordinarily rely on valuations provided by underlying managers and other asset custodians.
Certain securities may not have a readily ascertainable market price. In this regard, an underlying manager may
face a conflict of interest in valuing the securities, as their value will affect the underlying manager’s compensation
with respect to asset-based fees as well as performance-based fees and allocations. Such compensation may be
based on an underlying manager’s calculations, without independent oversight, of realized and unrealized gains.
To the extent the values of the assets are determined inaccurately, clients and investors may be adversely affected
in connection with the contribution of additional capital to, or the withdrawal or distribution of capital from, an
underlying fund. If an investor contributes additional capital, such investor may be adversely affected if the value
of the portfolio assets is overstated and the other pre-existing investors would be adversely affected if the value of
the portfolio assets is understated. Similarly, an investor that is withdrawing capital is adversely affected if the
value of the portfolio assets is understated, and the other non-withdrawing investors would be adversely affected
if the value of the portfolio assets is overstated.
Venture Capital
It is anticipated that the portfolio companies of venture capital funds will confront a significant degree of financial,
operating, illiquidity, and competitive risk. In addition, many of these companies, due to their limited revenues
and history of operating losses, may need to rely on their ability to fund continuing operations via the private and
public capital markets. Such continued funding may be curtailed as a result of a variety of factors which may
include, but would not be limited to, rising interest rates, downturns in the economy or deterioration in the
condition of the company or its industry.
Item 9. Disciplinary Information
Seven Post does not have any required disclosures of any legal or disciplinary events that are material to a client’s
evaluation of its advisory business or the integrity of management.
ITEM 10. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
Affiliations
SPTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Seven Post. The Board of Directors of SPTC is comprised of the President of
SPTC and senior personnel of Seven Post. SPFOS is a wholly-owned subsidiary of BlackOak GP LLC. SPFOS provides
certain administrative services to clients and affiliates of Seven Post, including SPTC. The Board of Directors of
SPFOS is comprised of an SPFOS employee and senior personnel of Seven Post.
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Potential or Actual Conflicts
Seven Post introduces some of its clients to SPTC and/or SPFOS. SPTC and SPFOS charge a fee for their services.
Seven Post and/or BlackOak GP LLC, as the sole owners of these affiliates, will benefit from these relationships by
receiving a portion of any profits from the affiliates. Where existing Seven Post clients have hired SPTC, SPTC will
likely continue to retain Seven Post as investment advisor over other investment advisers, where appropriate.
SPTC and SPFOS’s fees are in addition to any advisory fees paid under the advisory agreement with Seven Post.
ITEM 11. CODE OF ETHICS
Seven Post maintains a fiduciary duty to its clients. All investment activities of Seven Post and its Associated
Persons are subject to this fiduciary duty of care. “Associated Persons” include any employee, partner, officer,
director (or other persons occupying a similar status or performing similar functions) of Seven Post, as well as any
other person who provides advice on the investment adviser's behalf and is subject to Seven Post’s supervision
and control.
Seven Post has adopted a code of ethics that sets forth the standards of conduct expected of its associated
persons and requires compliance with applicable securities laws (“Code of Ethics”). In accordance with Section
204A of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”), its Code of Ethics contains written policies
reasonably designed to prevent the unlawful use of material non-public information by Seven Post or any of its
Associated Persons. The Code of Ethics also requires that certain of Seven Post’s personnel (called “Access
Persons”) report their personal securities holdings and transactions and obtain pre-approval of certain investments
such as initial public offerings and private offerings.
Seven Post Associated Persons are permitted to buy or sell securities that they also recommend to clients as long
as such trading is consistent with Seven Post’s policies and procedures. None of Seven Post’s Associated Persons
has a material financial interest in the securities recommended, bought, or sold to clients. In addition, assets of
certain Associated Persons are also managed by Seven Post in the same strategies as client assets, with
management by the same Sub-Advisors.
Access Persons may effect transactions for themselves at the same time as Seven Post transactions in client
accounts, as part of a “batched” trade, in accordance with Seven Post’s policies and procedures. In order to
address any potential conflicts of interest between Access Person trades and client trades, Seven Post prohibits
Access Persons from trading in certain securities, requires Access Persons to obtain pre-clearance prior to engaging
in certain personal trades and reviews the personal trading of Access Persons for any potential issues.
Clients and prospective clients may contact Seven Post to request a copy of its Code of Ethics.
ITEM 12. BROKERAGE PRACTICES
Seven Post does not provide brokerage or clearing services. As discussed above in Item 5, we generally
recommend qualified third-party broker-dealers for our clients. Factors which Seven Post considers in
recommending a broker-dealer to clients include its financial strength, reputation, execution, pricing, technology,
research, and service. Broker-dealers enable us to purchase some mutual funds for clients without transaction
charges and other securities at nominal transaction charges. The commissions and/or transaction fees charged by
a particular broker-dealer may be higher or lower than those charged by other Financial Institutions.
Seven Post has a duty to seek best execution for all client transactions, and to determine whether the commissions
paid by Seven Post’s clients are consistent with best execution. Clients may pay commissions that are higher than
another qualified Financial Institution might charge to effect the same transaction if we determine that the
commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and services received. In seeking best
execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the
best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a Financial Institution’s services, including
among others, the value of research provided, execution capability, commission rates and responsiveness. Seven
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Post seeks competitive rates but may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for client
transactions.
Transactions may be cleared through other Financial Institutions with whom Seven Post has entered into
agreements for prime brokerage clearing services. We periodically and systematically review our policies and
procedures regarding our recommendation of Financial Institutions in light of our duty to obtain best execution.
Clients may direct Seven Post in writing to use a particular Financial Institution to execute some or all transactions
for their accounts. In that case, the client will negotiate terms and arrangements for the account with that
Financial Institution and we will not seek better execution services or prices from other Financial Institutions or be
able to “batch” client transactions for execution through other Financial Institutions with orders for other accounts
managed by us (as described below). As a result, the client may pay higher commissions or other transaction costs
or greater spreads, or receive less favorable net prices, on transactions for the account than would otherwise be
the case. Subject to its duty of best execution, Seven Post may decline a client’s request to direct brokerage if, in
our sole discretion, such directed brokerage arrangements would result in additional operational difficulties.
Transactions for each client generally will be effected independently, unless Seven Post decides to purchase or sell
the same securities for several clients at approximately the same time. We may (but are not obligated to) combine
or “batch” such orders to obtain best execution, to negotiate more favorable commission rates, or to allocate
equitably among our clients differences in prices and commissions or other transaction costs that might have been
obtained had such orders been placed independently. Under this procedure, transactions will generally be
averaged as to price and allocated among our clients pro rata to the purchase and sale orders placed for each
client on any given day. To the extent that we aggregate client orders for the purchase or sale of securities,
including securities in which our partners, officers, directors, or employees, who provide investment advice
(“Supervised Persons”) may invest, we do so in accordance with applicable rules promulgated under the Advisers
Act and no-action guidance provided by the staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Seven Post does
not receive any additional compensation or remuneration as a result of the aggregation. In the event that we
determine that a prorated allocation is not appropriate under the particular circumstances, we will make the
allocation based upon other relevant factors, which may include: (i) when only a small percentage of the order is
executed, shares may be allocated to the account with the smallest order or the smallest position or to an account
that is out of line with respect to security or sector weightings relative to other portfolios, with similar mandates;
(ii) allocations may be given to one account when one account has limitations in its investment guidelines that
prohibit it from purchasing other securities that are expected to produce similar investment results and can be
purchased by other accounts; (iii) if an account reaches an investment guideline limit and cannot participate in an
allocation, shares may be reallocated to other accounts (this may be due to unforeseen changes in an account’s
assets after an order is placed); (iv) with respect to sale allocations, allocations may be given to accounts low in
cash; (v) in cases when a pro rata allocation of a potential execution would result in a de minimis allocation in one
or more accounts, Seven Post may exclude the account(s) from the allocation; the transactions may be executed
on a pro rata basis among the remaining accounts; or (vi) in cases where a small proportion of an order is executed
in all accounts, shares may be allocated to one or more accounts on a random basis. This list is not exhaustive and
other allocation approaches may be followed to the extent that Seven Post determines such other allocation
approach is fair to all clients.
Seven Post has not entered into any agreement with a broker-dealer that obligates us to direct a specific amount
of transactions or commissions to such broker-dealer, nor do we receive soft dollar goods or services that are
dependent upon the amount or nature of client transactions we direct to any broker-dealer.
Sub-Advisors retained by us to manage client portfolios and managers of funds in which our clients invest, may
have research and brokerage practices that differ from our policies.
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Software, Support, Educational and Other Benefits Provided by Financial Institutions
Certain Financial Institutions that execute securities trades for or serve as custodians of our clients’ accounts
provide various goods and services to Seven Post without charge. These include, for example, computer software,
co-branded website, digital phone applications and related systems support, which allows us to better monitor
client accounts maintained at such Financial Institutions, admission to educational or research programs, which
allows us to make more informed investment, compliance, or business management decisions and in certain cases,
various administrative banking services, which allow us to offer clients enhanced ease of use and connectivity with
the custodians. Our receipt of these goods and services is not tied to or dependent upon our allocating a certain
amount of our clients’ securities trades to such Financial Institutions or having a certain amount of client assets
custodied at such Financial Institutions. Although we use some of these services for research that directly benefits
our clients, some provide operational and administrative assistance to us rather than directly benefiting our
clients. Many brokers and custodians provide similar services to investment advisers in connection with client
brokerage and custodial arrangements, but if Seven Post did not receive these services from the Financial
Institutions, it would be required to pay for all or some portion of them. Seven Post is not required to continue
use these Financial Institutions as brokers or recommend their custodial services to clients, but it has an incentive
to do so based on their prior and continued services, which creates a conflict of interest with clients. Seven Post
endeavors at all times, however, to put the interests of its clients first and does not allow its receipt of economic
benefits from third parties to affect its selection or recommendation of brokers or custodians.
ITEM 13. REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
We monitor client portfolios as part of our ongoing management process; and we seek to review portfolios with
clients on at least an annual basis. All investment advisory clients are encouraged to discuss their needs, goals and
objectives with us and to keep us informed of any changes thereto. Reviews may also be conducted (within
reason) when requested by the client. Clients will also receive a written report from us that usually includes
updated asset allocation, market value and investment results on a managed portfolio basis, at least semiannually.
Firm professionals manage transaction activity within the client accounts, managing liquidity, processing additions
to and distributions from client accounts and responding to client requests.
Clients are provided with transaction confirmation notices and regular summary account statements directly from
the broker-dealer or custodian for the client accounts. Clients should compare the account statements they
receive from their custodian with reports they receive from Seven Post.
Where agreed upon, clients receive copies of account statements and other materials from Seven Post and/or the
broker-dealer or custodian in electronic format.
Clients to whom Seven Post or an affiliate provides consulting services will receive reports from us summarizing
our analysis and conclusions as requested by the client or otherwise agreed to in writing.
ITEM 14. CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
Seven Post often receives new client referrals from existing clients, legal, and tax advisors. To date, we have not
directly or indirectly compensated any third-party for such referrals. If we compensate third parties for referrals in
the future, we will comply with the requirements of rules under the Advisers Act and any corresponding state
securities law requirements, to the extent applicable.
ITEM 15. CUSTODY
Seven Post Investment Office LP’s practice is to not take physical possession of the assets or securities of any
client. Our Client Agreements and/or the separate agreements with Financial Institutions, however, authorize us
to debit the client’s account for the amount of our fee and to directly remit that management fee to Seven Post.
Seven Post thus meets the legal requirement of having custody overs these and other certain client accounts either
through (1) access to client assets or by having the ability to withdraw client assets held at a custodian, either
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directly or through its affiliate companies, (2) the ability to transfer client assets through standing letters of
authorization, or (3) through SPTC’s role as trustee for client trusts. In accordance with applicable custody rules,
Seven Post has engaged a third party to conduct its required annual surprise custody examination for the accounts
over which Seven Post is deemed to have custody.
The Financial Institutions recommended by us have agreed to send statements to clients, at least quarterly,
indicating all amounts disbursed from the account including the amount of management fees paid directly to us.
In addition, as discussed in Item 13, Seven Post sends periodic supplemental reports to clients. Clients should
carefully review the statements sent directly by the Financial Institutions and compare them to the reports
received from us.
ITEM 16. INVESTMENT DISCRETION
Nearly all clients give Seven Post the authority to exercise investment discretion over their accounts, as detailed in
our Client Agreement. We are considered to exercise investment discretion over a client’s account if we can effect
transactions for the client, including the addition or deletion of Sub-Advisors, without first having to seek the
client’s consent. We are given this authority through a limited power-of-attorney included in the Client
Agreement. Clients may request further limitations on this authority (such as certain securities not to be bought or
sold). We reserve the right to reject any limitations we deem unreasonable, on notice to the client, or to terminate
the relationship.
ITEM 17. VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
Because Seven Post has proxy voting authority with respect to certain client accounts, the Firm is subject to Rule
206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act (the "Proxy Voting Rule").
Proxy Voting and Engagement of ISS for Seven Post Traded Accounts
For client accounts traded directly by Seven Post, the Firm has engaged Institutional Shareholder Services ("ISS") to
assist in proxy voting and has adopted its Proxy Voting Benchmark Policies and Guidelines. ISS provides proxy
research, voting recommendations, and implements voting instructions as directed by the Firm to ensure proxies
are voted in accordance with pre-determined guidelines consistent with clients' best interests. By leveraging ISS’s
services, Seven Post strengthens its ability to maintain impartiality and comply with the Proxy Voting Rule.
Proxy Voting in Sub-Advisor Managed Accounts
For client accounts managed by a sub-advisor, the sub-advisor retains responsibility for voting proxies related to
the securities held within those accounts. The sub-advisor is required to maintain and implement its own proxy
voting policies and procedures in accordance with applicable fiduciary obligations and regulatory requirements,
which are reviewed by Seven Post at least annually.
In addition to proxy voting services, Seven Post has engaged a third-party vendor to systematically manage
security class action and other litigation proceeding recoveries for clients who have opted in to utilize that service.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Seven Post has no disclosures relating to its financial condition that would affect its ability to meet contractual
commitments to our clients.
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