View Document Text
Sentry Advisors, LLC
100 Pine Street, Suite 1250
San Francisco, CA 94111
(415) 229-9070
March 11, 2025
Form ADV, Part 2A
This Form ADV, Part 2A, ("Brochure"), provides information about the qualifications and business
practices of Sentry Advisors, LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure,
please contact us at (415) 229-9070. The information in this Brochure has not been approved or
verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") or by any state securities
authority.
Additional information about Sentry Advisors, LLC is available on the SEC's website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. The searchable CRD number for Sentry Advisors, LLC is: 174042.
Sentry Advisors, LLC is registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
Registration of an investment adviser does not imply any level of skill or training.
1
Item 2 Material Changes
Form ADV Part 2 requires registered investment advisers to amend their brochure when information
becomes materially inaccurate. If there are any material changes to an adviser's disclosure brochure,
the adviser is required to notify you and provide you with a description of the material changes.
Generally, Sentry Advisors will notify clients of material changes on an annual basis. However, where
we determine that an interim notification is either meaningful or required, we will notify our clients
promptly. In either case, we will notify our clients in a separate document.
Since the filing of our last annual updating amendment dated March 12, 2024, we have no material
changes to report.
2
Item 3 Table Of Contents
Item 1 Cover Page
Item 2 Material Changes
Item 3 Table Of Contents
Item 4 Advisory Business
Item 5 Fees and Compensation
Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Item 7 Types of Clients
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Item 9 Disciplinary Information
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Item 12 Brokerage Practices
Item 13 Review of Accounts
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Item 15 Custody
Item 16 Investment Discretion
Item 17 Voting Client Securities
Item 18 Financial Information
Item 19 Requirements for State-Registered Advisers
Item 20 Additional Information
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 7
Page 9
Page 9
Page 9
Page 18
Page 18
Page 19
Page 20
Page 22
Page 23
Page 23
Page 24
Page 24
Page 25
Page 25
Page 25
3
Item 4 Advisory Business
Sentry Advisors, LLC. ("Registrant") is owned and operated by Alex Flagg, Managing Member and
Greg Powell, Managing Member. Registrant was formed and registered under the Investment Advisers
Act of 1940 ("Advisers Act") in 2015.
The following paragraphs describe our services and fees. Refer to the description of each investment
advisory service listed below for information on how we tailor our advisory services to your individual
needs. As used in this brochure, the words "Registrant," "we," "our," and "us" refer to Sentry
Advisors and the words "you," "your," and "client" refer to you as either a client or prospective client of
our firm.
Portfolio Management Services
Registrant provides investment advice and management to individually managed accounts that are
tailored to the needs of individual clients. For discretionary clients, Registrant has complete discretion
over the selection and amount of securities to be bought or sold without obtaining specific client
consent prior to each transaction. We will also have discretion over the broker or dealer to be used for
securities transactions, and over the commission rates to be paid. Discretionary authority is typically
granted by the investment advisory agreement you sign with our firm, a power of attorney, or trading
authorization forms.
Clients may impose restrictions on their investments upon request in writing. These restrictions may
include prohibitions or limits on individual securities, security types, asset classes, allocation, liquidity,
credit quality and income.
For non-discretionary accounts, Registrant generally does not have discretion to buy or sell securities
without specific client consent. You have an unrestricted right to decline to implement any advice
provided by our firm on a non-discretionary basis.
As part of our portfolio management services, we may use one or more sub-advisers to manage a
portion of your account on a discretionary basis. The sub-adviser(s) may use one or more of their
model portfolios to manage your account. We will regularly monitor the performance of your accounts
managed by sub-adviser(s), and may hire and fire any sub-adviser without your prior approval. We
may pay a portion of our advisory fee to the sub-adviser(s) we use; however, you will not pay our firm a
higher advisory fee as a result of any sub-advisory relationships.
We also utilize the platform of a directly held mutual fund company, Federated Securities Corp.
("FSC"). Through FSC, we have access to a family of mutual funds with varying degrees of risk and
investment objectives in order to create a customized and diversified portfolio for you. This
arrangement was originally designed and implemented to achieve the most competitive money market
rates on behalf of our Clients.
We also utilize the platform of an investment management company, Eaton Vance ("EV") and
Goldman Sachs Asset Management, LP ("GSAM"). Through EV, we have access to several limited
partnership investment vehicles, that provide owners of concentrated equity positions the ability of
diversification without creating a taxable event. These investment vehicles, otherwise known as
Exchange Funds, are only available to "accredited Investors" who are also "qualified purchasers" as
defined by the Investment Advisors Act of 1940.
4
Financial Planning Services
We offer financial planning services which typically involve providing a variety of advisory services to
clients regarding the management of their financial resources based upon an analysis of their
individual needs. These services can range from broad-based financial planning to consultative or
single subject planning. If you retain our firm for financial planning services, we will meet with you to
gather information about your financial circumstances and objectives. We may also use financial
planning software to determine your current financial position and to define and quantify your long-term
goals and objectives. Once we specify those long-term objectives (both financial and non-financial), we
will develop shorter-term, targeted objectives. Once we review and analyze the information you provide
to our firm and the data derived from our financial planning software, we will review that modeling with
you in writing, online or in a discussion, in order to help you achieve your stated financial goals and
objectives.
Financial plans are based on your financial situation at the time we present the plan to you, and on the
financial information you provide to us. You must promptly notify our firm if your financial situation,
goals, objectives, or needs change. In addition, you must be aware that even small changes in
assumptions on rates of return or spending patterns can result in a dramatic change in financial
outcomes. While we try to be conservative in our approach to assumptions used in the financial
planning process, there are simply no assurances that the outcomes will match the modeling
presented in these hypothetical presentations.
You are under no obligation to act on our financial planning recommendations. Should you choose to
act on any of our financial planning recommendations, you are not obligated to implement the financial
plan through any of our other investment advisory services. Moreover, you may act on our financial
planning recommendations by placing securities transactions with any brokerage firm.
Financial Consulting Services
We offer financial consulting services that primarily involve advising clients on specific financial-related
topics. The topics we address may include, but are not limited to, risk assessment/management,
investment planning, financial organization, or financial decision making/negotiation.
Selection of Other Advisers
We may recommend that you use the services of a third-party money manager ("TPMM") to manage
all, or a portion of, your investment portfolio. After gathering information about your financial situation
and objectives, we may recommend that you engage a specific TPMM or investment program. Factors
that we take into consideration when making our recommendation(s) include, but are not limited to, the
following: the TPMM's performance, methods of analysis, fees, your financial needs, investment goals,
risk tolerance, and investment objectives. We will monitor the TPMM(s)' performance to ensure its
management and investment style remains aligned with your investment goals and objectives.
The TPMM(s) will actively manage your portfolio and will assume discretionary investment authority
over your account. We will assume discretionary authority to hire and fire TPMM(s) and/or reallocate
your assets to other TPMM(s) where we deem such action appropriate.
Wrap Fee Program
We are a portfolio manager to and sponsor of a wrap fee program, which is a type of investment
program that provides clients with access to several money managers or mutual fund asset allocation
models for a single fee that includes administrative fees, management fees, and commissions. If you
participate in our wrap fee program, you will pay our firm a single fee, which includes our money
management fees, certain transaction costs, and custodial and administrative costs. We receive a
5
portion of the wrap fee for our services. The overall cost you will incur if you participate in our wrap fee
program may be higher or lower than you might incur by separately purchasing the types of securities
available in the program.
To compare the cost of the wrap fee program with non-wrap fee portfolio management services, you
should consider the frequency of trading activity associated with our investment strategies and the
brokerage commissions charged by or other broker-dealers, and the advisory fees charged by
investment advisers. For more information concerning the Wrap Fee Program, see Appendix 1 to this
Brochure.
Registrant provides ADV Part 2A, Appendix 1 Wrap Fee Brochure to all Program participants.
Types of Investments
We offer advice on equity securities, warrants, corporate debt securities (other than commercial
paper), commercial paper, certificates of deposit, municipal securities, variable life insurance, variable
annuities, mutual fund shares, United States government securities, options contracts on securities,
options contracts on commodities, futures contracts on tangibles, futures contracts on intangibles,
money market funds, real estate, REITs, PIPEs, derivatives, structured notes, ETFs, interests in
partnerships investing in real estate, interests in partnerships investing in oil and gas interests and
interests in partnerships investing in venture capital and private equity.
Additionally, we may advise you on various types of investments based on your stated goals and
objectives. We may also provide advice on any type of investment held in your portfolio at the inception
of our advisory relationship.
IRA Rollover Recommendations
Effective December 20, 2021 (or such later date as the US Department of Labor ("DOL") Field
Assistance Bulletin 2018-02 ceases to be in effect), for purposes of complying with the DOL's
Prohibited Transaction Exemption 2020-02 ("PTE 2020-02") where applicable, we are providing the
following acknowledgment to you. When we provide investment advice to you regarding your
retirement plan account or individual retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I
of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable,
which are laws governing retirement accounts. The way we make money creates some conflicts with
your interests, so we operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interest and not
put our interest ahead of yours. Under this special rule's provisions, we must:
• Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give prudent
advice);
• Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give loyal
advice);
• Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
• Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your best
interest;
• Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
• Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
We benefit financially from the rollover of your assets from a retirement account to an account that we
manage or provide investment advice, because the assets increase our assets under management
and, in turn, our advisory fees. As a fiduciary, we only recommend a rollover when we believe it is in
your best interest.
6
Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, Sentry managed $2,465,680,477 of client assets, of which we provide
continuous management services for $236,885,005 in client assets on a discretionary basis,
and $2,228,795,472 in client assets on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 5 Fees and Compensation
Portfolio Management Services
Fees are negotiable and may vary, but generally will be based on an annual percentage rate of 0.10%
to 1.15% of assets under management. Fees are payable quarterly in advance at the beginning of
each calendar quarter based on the market value of the assets under management at the close of the
prior quarter. Newly established accounts will be charged on a pro rata basis for the remaining days of
the quarter. A client may terminate an investment advisory agreement on five (5) business days'
advance written notice. On termination, clients may receive a refund of advisory fees on a pro-rated
basis. Fees are generally deducted from client accounts.
We will deduct our fee directly from your account through the qualified custodian holding your funds
and securities. We will deduct our advisory fee only when you have given our firm written authorization
permitting the fees to be paid directly from your account. Further, the qualified custodian will deliver an
account statement to you at least quarterly. These account statements will show all disbursements
from your account. You should review all statements for accuracy.
Registrant believes that its fees are competitive with fees charged by other investment advisers for
comparable services, but comparable services may be available from other sources for lower fees than
those charged by Registrant.
Financial Planning Services
We will not require prepayment of a fee more than six months in advance and in excess of $1,200.
At our discretion, we may offset our financial planning fees to the extent you implement the financial
plan through our Portfolio Management Service.
You may terminate the financial planning agreement upon five (5) business days' advance written
notice to our firm. If you have pre-paid financial planning fees that we have not yet earned, you will
receive a prorated refund of those fees. If financial planning fees are payable in arrears, you will be
responsible for a prorated fee based on services performed prior to termination of the financial
planning agreement.
Financial Consulting Services
You may terminate the financial consulting agreement upon written notice to our firm. If you have pre-
paid financial consulting fees that we have not yet earned, you will receive a prorated refund of those
fees. If financial consulting fees are payable in arrears, you will be responsible for a prorated fee based
on services performed prior to termination of the financial consulting agreement.
Selection of Other Advisers
Advisory fees charged by TPMMs are separate and apart from our advisory fees. Assets managed by
TPMMs will be included in calculating our advisory fee, which is based on the fee schedule set forth in
the Portfolio Management Services section in this brochure. Advisory fees that you pay to the TPMM
are established and payable in accordance with the brochure provided by each TPMM to whom you
are referred. These fees may or may not be negotiable. You should review the recommended TPMM's
brochure and take into consideration the TPMM's fees along with our fees to determine the total
amount of fees associated with this program.
7
Our recommendations to use third party money managers are included in our portfolio management
fee. We do not charge you a separate fee for the selection of other advisers nor will we share in the
advisory fee you pay directly to the TPMM. Advisory fees that you pay to the TPMM are established
and payable in accordance with the Form ADV Part 2 or other equivalent disclosure document
provided by each TPMM to whom you are referred. These fees may or may not be negotiable. You
should review the recommended TPMM's brochure for information on its fees and services.
You may be required to sign an agreement directly with the recommended TPMM(s). You may
terminate your advisory relationship with the TPMM according to the terms of your agreement with the
TPMM. You should review each TPMM's brochure for specific information on how you may terminate
your advisory relationship with the TPMM and how you may receive a refund, if applicable. You should
contact the TPMM directly for questions regarding your advisory agreement with the TPMM.
Additional Fees and Expenses
Registrant's fees for investment advisory services are separate and distinct from the fees and
expenses charged to shareholders by certain products. The most common products with additional
fees and expenses built in are mutual funds, variable annuities, exchange-traded notes and exchange-
traded funds ("ETFs") all of which Registrant may recommend to advisory clients. Clients invested in
mutual funds or ETFs will pay advisory fees to Registrant, additional brokerage, custodial and
administrative fees at the custodial level and as a shareholder of the applicable mutual fund or ETF
additional administrative and service fees. These mutual funds or ETF fees and expenses are
described in each fund's prospectus. Registrant's fees are also separate and distinct from custodial,
accounting, legal and other fees incurred by clients. Custodial fees are shown on your monthly account
statements.
Our firm receives service fees from Federated Securities Corp. ("FSC") in connection with mutual
funds purchased or held for advisory client accounts. This compensation is separate from our advisory
fees and is not provided for inclusion in any "preferred provider" or similar preferred marketing
program. We will waive the asset-based portfolio management fee described above on client assets
held at FSC.
Our firm receives service fees from Eaton Vance ("EV") and Goldman Sachs Asset Management, LP
("GSAM") in connection with limited partnership investments purchased or held for advisory client
accounts. This compensation is separate from our advisory fees and is not provided for inclusion in
any "preferred provider" or similar preferred marketing program.
Compensation for the Sale of Securities or Other Investment Products
Persons providing investment advice on behalf of our firm are licensed as independent insurance
agents. These persons will earn commission-based compensation for selling insurance products,
including insurance products they sell to you. Insurance commissions earned by these persons are
separate and in addition to our advisory fees. This practice presents a conflict of interest because
persons providing investment advice on behalf of our firm who are insurance agents have an incentive
to recommend insurance products to you for the purpose of generating commissions. You are under
no obligation, contractually or otherwise, to purchase insurance products through any person affiliated
with our firm.
Please refer to Item 11 - Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading for a description of how Registrant addresses these conflicts and upholds its fiduciary duty to
its Clients.
8
Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Registrant does not charge any performance-based fees (fees based on a share of capital gains or
capital appreciation of the assets of a client). Side-by-side management refers to the practice of
managing accounts that are charged performance-based fees while at the same time managing
accounts that are not charged performance-based fees. Our fees are calculated as described in
the Fees and Compensation section above, and are not charged on the basis of a share of capital
gains upon, or capital appreciation of, the funds in your advisory account.
Item 7 Types of Clients
Registrant's clients include individuals, high net worth individuals, trusts, businesses, pension plans
and charitable organizations. Registrant generally requires a minimum investment of $1,000,000,
although Registrant may accept a lesser amount in its discretion.
We may also combine account values for you and your minor children, joint accounts with your
spouse, and other types of related accounts to meet the stated minimum.
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear.
Registrant provides its clients with individualized investment advice tailored to the investment
objectives and financial situation of each client. Registrant's methods of analysis include fundamental
analysis, charting and technical analysis. Registrant offers advice on the following types of securities:
(1) equities (exchange listed, over-the-counter and foreign issues); (2) warrants; (3) corporate debt
securities; (4) municipal securities; (5) United States government securities and Certificates of Deposit;
and (6) ETFs and mutual funds. These investments bear the risk of loss at any time due to unforeseen
market, economic, interest rate, liquidity or other risks.
When appropriate to the needs of the client, Registrant may recommend the use of short-term trading
(securities bought and sold within 30 days), margin transactions, short sales and/ or option writing as
investment strategies. Because these investment strategies may involve increased risk of loss, they
are only recommended when consistent with the client's stated tolerance for risk. Recommendation of
margin provides a conflict of interest when charging an advisory fee on a client's month-end market
value. Registrant is aware of this conflict and will only recommend if appropriate for the individual client
strategy.
Our Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
We may use one or more of the following methods of analysis or investment strategies when providing
investment advice to you:
Charting Analysis - involves the gathering and processing of price and volume pattern information for
a particular security, sector, broad index or commodity. This price and volume pattern information is
analyzed. The resulting pattern and correlation data is used to detect departures from expected
performance and diversification and predict future price movements and trends.
Risk: Our charting analysis may not accurately detect anomalies or predict future price
movements. Current prices of securities may reflect all information known about the security and
day-to-day changes in market prices of securities may follow random patterns and may not be
predictable with any reliable degree of accuracy.
9
Technical Analysis - involves studying past price patterns, trends and interrelationships in the
financial markets to assess risk-adjusted performance and predict the direction of both the overall
market and specific securities.
Risk: The risk of market timing based on technical analysis is that our analysis may not accurately
detect anomalies or predict future price movements. Current prices of securities may reflect all
information known about the security and day-to-day changes in market prices of securities may
follow random patterns and may not be predictable with any reliable degree of accuracy.
Fundamental Analysis - involves analyzing individual companies and their industry groups, such as a
company's financial statements, details regarding the company's product line, the experience and
expertise of the company's management, and the outlook for the company and its industry. The
resulting data is used to measure the true value of the company's stock compared to the current
market value.
Risk: The risk of fundamental analysis is that information obtained may be incorrect and the
analysis may not provide an accurate estimate of earnings, which may be the basis for a stock's
value. If securities prices adjust rapidly to new information, utilizing fundamental analysis may not
result in favorable performance.
Modern Portfolio Theory - a theory of investment which attempts to maximize portfolio expected
return for a given amount of portfolio risk, or equivalently minimize risk for a given level of expected
return, by carefully diversifying the proportions of various assets.
Risk: Market risk is that part of a security's risk that is common to all securities of the same
general class (stocks and bonds) and thus cannot be eliminated by diversification.
Long-Term Purchases - securities purchased with the expectation that the value of those securities
will grow over a relatively long period of time, generally greater than one year.
Risk: Using a long-term purchase strategy generally assumes the financial markets will go up in
the long-term which may not be the case. There is also the risk that the segment of the market
that you are invested in or perhaps just your particular investment will go down over time even if
the overall financial markets advance. Purchasing investments long-term may create an
opportunity cost - "locking-up" assets that may be better utilized in the short-term in other
investments.
Short-Term Purchases - securities purchased with the expectation that they will be sold within a
relatively short period of time, generally less than one year, to take advantage of the securities' short-
term price fluctuations.
Risk: Using a short-term purchase strategy generally assumes that we can predict how financial
markets will perform in the short-term which may be very difficult and will incur a disproportionately
higher amount of transaction costs compared to long-term trading. There are many factors that
can affect financial market performance in the short-term (such as short-term interest rate
changes, cyclical earnings announcements, etc.) but may have a smaller impact over longer
periods of time.
Margin Transactions - a securities transaction in which an investor borrows money to purchase a
security, in which case the security serves as collateral on the loan.
10
Risk: If the value of the shares drops sufficiently, the investor will be required to either deposit
more cash into the account or sell a portion of the stock in order to maintain the margin
requirements of the account. This is known as a "margin call." An investor's overall risk includes
the amount of money invested plus the amount that was loaned to them.
Option Writing - a securities transaction that involves selling an option. An option is a contract that
gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a particular security at a specified price
on or before the expiration date of the option. When an investor sells a call option, he or she must
deliver to the buyer a specified number of shares if the buyer exercises the option. When an investor
sells a put option, he or she must pay the strike price per share if the buyer exercises the option, and
will receive the specified number of shares. The option writer/seller receives a premium (the market
price of the option at a particular time) in exchange for writing the option.
Risk: Options are complex investments and can be very risky, especially if the investor does not
own the underlying stock. In certain situations, an investor's risk can be unlimited.
Our investment strategies and advice may vary depending upon each client's specific financial
situation. As such, we determine investments and allocations based upon your predefined objectives,
risk tolerance, time horizon, financial information, liquidity needs and other various suitability factors.
Your restrictions and guidelines may affect the composition of your portfolio. It is important that you
notify us immediately with respect to any material changes to your financial circumstances,
including for example, a change in your current or expected income level, tax circumstances, or
employment status.
While we can assist with performing quantitative or qualitative analysis of individual securities, we will
typically advise you on how to allocate your assets among various classes of securities or third-party
money managers. We primarily rely on investment model portfolios and strategies developed by the
third-party money managers and their portfolio managers. We may replace/recommend replacing a
third-party money manager if there is a significant deviation in characteristics or performance from the
stated strategy and/or benchmark.
Tax Considerations
Our strategies and investments may have unique and significant tax implications. However, unless we
specifically agree otherwise, and in writing, tax efficiency is not our primary consideration in the
management of your assets. Regardless of your account size or any other factors, we strongly
recommend that you consult with a tax professional regarding the investing of your assets.
Moreover, custodians and broker-dealers must report the cost basis of equities acquired in client
accounts on or after January 1, 2011. Your custodian will default to the First-In First-Out ("FIFO")
accounting method for calculating the cost basis of your investments. You are responsible for
contacting your tax advisor to determine if this accounting method is the right choice for you. If your tax
advisor believes another accounting method is more advantageous, provide written notice to our firm
immediately and we will alert your account custodian of your individually selected accounting method.
Decisions about cost basis accounting methods will need to be made before trades settle, as the cost
basis method cannot be changed after settlement.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that you should be prepared to bear. We do not represent or
guarantee that our services or methods of analysis can or will predict future results, successfully
identify market tops or bottoms, or insulate clients from losses due to market corrections or declines.
We cannot offer any guarantees or promises that your financial goals and objectives will be met. Past
performance is in no way an indication of future performance.
11
Other Risk Considerations
When evaluating risk, financial loss may be viewed differently by each client and may depend on many
different risks, each of which may affect the probability and magnitude of any potential loses. The
following risks may not be all-inclusive, but should be considered carefully by a prospective client
before retaining our services.
Liquidity Risk: The risk of being unable to sell your investment at a fair price at a given time due to high
volatility or lack of active liquid markets. You may receive a lower price or it may not be possible to sell
the investment at all.
Credit Risk: Credit risk typically applies to debt investments such as corporate, municipal, and
sovereign fixed income or bonds. A bond issuing entity can experience a credit event that could impair
or erase the value of an issuer's securities held by a client.
Inflation and Interest Rate Risk: Security prices and portfolio returns will likely vary in response to
changes in inflation and interest rates. Inflation causes the value of future dollars to be worth less and
may reduce the purchasing power of a client's future interest payments and principal. Inflation also
generally leads to higher interest rates which may cause the value of many types of fixed income
investments to decline.
Horizon and Longevity Risk: The risk that your investment horizon is shortened because of an
unforeseen event, for example, the loss of your job. This may force you to sell investments that you
were expecting to hold for the long term. If you must sell at a time that the markets are down, you may
lose money. Longevity Risk is the risk of outliving your savings. This risk is particularly relevant for
people who are retired, or are nearing retirement.
Recommendation of Particular Types of Securities
We recommend various types of securities and we do not primarily recommend one particular type of
security over another since each client has different needs and different tolerance for risk. Each type of
security has its own unique set of risks associated with it and it would not be possible to list here all of
the specific risks of every type of investment. Even within the same type of investment, risks can vary
widely. However, in very general terms, the higher the anticipated return of an investment, the higher
the risk of loss associated with the investment. A description of the types of securities we may
recommend to you and some of their inherent risks are provided below.
Money Market Funds: A money market fund is technically a security. The fund managers attempt to
keep the share price constant at $1/share. However, there is no guarantee that the share price will stay
at $1/share. If the share price goes down, you can lose some or all of your principal. The U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") notes that "While investor losses in money market
funds have been rare, they are possible." In return for this risk, you should earn a greater return on
your cash than you would expect from a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insured
savings account (money market funds are not FDIC insured). Next, money market fund rates are
variable. In other words, you do not know how much you will earn on your investment next month. The
rate could go up or go down. If it goes up, that may result in a positive outcome. However, if it goes
down and you earn less than you expected to earn, you may end up needing more cash. A final risk
you are taking with money market funds has to do with inflation. Because money market funds are
considered to be safer than other investments like stocks, long-term average returns on money market
funds tends to be less than long term average returns on riskier investments. Over long periods of
time, inflation can eat away at your returns.
12
Certificates of Deposit: Certificates of deposit are generally the safest type of investment since they
are insured by the federal government up to a certain amount. However, because the returns are
generally very low, it is possible for inflation to outpace the return. Likewise, U.S. government
securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government but it is also possible for the
rate of inflation to exceed the returns.
Municipal Securities: Municipal securities, while generally thought of as safe, can have significant
risks associated with them including, but not limited to: the credit worthiness of the governmental entity
that issues the bond; the stability of the revenue stream that is used to pay the interest to the
bondholders; when the bond is due to mature; and, whether or not the bond can be "called" prior to
maturity. When a bond is called, it may not be possible to replace it with a bond of equal character
paying the same amount of interest or yield to maturity.
Bonds: Corporate debt securities (or "bonds") are typically safer investments than equity securities,
but their risk can also vary widely based on: the financial health of the issuer; the risk that the issuer
might default; when the bond is set to mature; and, whether or not the bond can be "called" prior to
maturity. When a bond is called, it may not be possible to replace it with a bond of equal character
paying the same rate of return.
Stocks: There are numerous ways of measuring the risk of equity securities (also known simply as
"equities" or "stock"). In very broad terms, the value of a stock depends on the financial health of the
company issuing it. However, stock prices can be affected by many other factors including, but not
limited to the class of stock (for example, preferred or common); the health of the market sector of the
issuing company; and, the overall health of the economy. In general, larger, better-established
companies ("large cap") tend to be safer than smaller start-up companies ("small cap") are but the
mere size of an issuer is not, by itself, an indicator of the safety of the investment.
Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds: Mutual funds and exchange traded funds ("ETF") are
professionally managed collective investment systems that pool money from many investors and invest
in stocks, bonds, short-term money market instruments, other mutual funds, other securities, or any
combination thereof. The fund will have a manager that trades the fund's investments in accordance
with the fund's investment objective. While mutual funds and ETFs generally provide diversification,
risks can be significantly increased if the fund is concentrated in a particular sector of the market,
primarily invests in small cap or speculative companies, uses leverage (i.e., borrows money) to a
significant degree, or concentrates in a particular type of security (i.e., equities) rather than balancing
the fund with different types of securities. ETFs differ from mutual funds since they can be bought and
sold throughout the day like stock and their price can fluctuate throughout the day. The returns on
mutual funds and ETFs can be reduced by the costs to manage the funds. Also, while some mutual
funds are "no load" and charge no fee to buy into, or sell out of, the fund, other types of mutual funds
do charge such fees which can also reduce returns. Mutual funds can also be "closed end" or "open
end". So-called "open end" mutual funds continue to allow in new investors indefinitely whereas
"closed end" funds have a fixed number of shares to sell which can limit their availability to new
investors.
ETFs may have tracking error risks. For example, the ETF investment adviser may not be able to
cause the ETF's performance to match that of the Underlying Index or other benchmark, which may
negatively affect the ETF's performance. In addition, for leveraged and inverse ETFs that seek to track
the performance of their Underlying Indices or benchmarks on a daily basis, mathematical
compounding may prevent the ETF from correlating with performance of its benchmark. In addition, an
ETF may not have investment exposure to all of the securities included in its Underlying Index, or its
13
weighting of investment exposure to such securities may vary from that of the Underlying Index. Some
ETFs may invest in securities or financial instruments that are not included in the Underlying Index, but
which are expected to yield similar performance.
Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds: Leveraged ETFs use swaps and other financial derivatives to
maintain their leveraged exposure and are typically created to "reset" every day, meaning they will
rebalanced daily and the instruments and contracts that make up the ETF are going to change every
day. This causes them to be inherently volatile instruments and create overnight risk when held to the
next day. Leveraged ETFs are short-term vehicles and are not designed for long-term purchasing.
Leveraged ETFs perform best in trending environments when the market is in a low volatile, trending
market leveraged ETFs will perform better than they would in a sideways market. This is because
leveraged or inverse ETFs will magnify the returns of whatever the trend is. While leveraged ETF may
magnify investor returns, they may also magnify the potential for losses.
Commercial Paper: Commercial paper ("CP") is, in most cases, an unsecured promissory note that is
issued with a maturity of 270 days or less. Being unsecured the risk to the investor is that the issuer
may default. There is less risk in asset based commercial paper (ABCP). The difference between
ABCP and CP is that instead of being an unsecured promissory note representing an obligation of the
issuing company, ABCP is backed by securities. Therefore, the perceived quality of the ABCP
depends on the underlying securities.
Variable Annuities: A variable annuity is a form of insurance where the seller or issuer (typically an
insurance company) makes a series of future payments to a buyer (annuitant) in exchange for the
immediate payment of a lump sum (single-payment annuity) or a series of regular payments (regular-
payment annuity). The payment stream from the issuer to the annuitant has an unknown duration
based principally upon the date of death of the annuitant. At this point, the contract will terminate and
the remainder of the funds accumulated forfeited unless there are other annuitants or beneficiaries in
the contract. Annuities can be purchased to provide an income during retirement. Unlike fixed annuities
that make payments in fixed amounts or in amounts that increase by a fixed percentage, variable
annuities, pay amounts that vary according to the performance of a specified set of investments,
typically bond and equity mutual funds. Many variable annuities typically impose asset-based sales
charges or surrender charges for withdrawals within a specified period. Variable annuities may impose
a variety of fees and expenses, in addition to sales and surrender charges, such as mortality and
expense risk charges; administrative fees; underlying fund expenses; and charges for special features,
all of which can reduce the return. Earnings in a variable annuity do not provide all the tax advantages
of 401(k)s and other before-tax retirement plans. Once the investor starts withdrawing money from
their variable annuity, earnings are taxed at the ordinary income rate, rather than at the lower capital
gains rates applied to other non-tax-deferred vehicles which are held for more than one year. Proceeds
of most variable annuities do not receive a "step-up" in cost basis when the owner dies like stocks,
bonds and mutual funds do. Some variable annuities offer "bonus credits." These are usually not free.
In order to fund them, insurance companies typically impose mortality and expense charges and
surrender charge periods. In an exchange of an existing annuity for a new annuity (so-called 1035
exchanges), the new variable annuity may have a lower contract value and a smaller death benefit;
may impose new surrender charges or increase the period of time for which the surrender charge
applies; may have higher annual fees; and provide another commission for the broker.
Real Estate: Real estate is increasingly being used as part of a long-term core strategy due to
increased market efficiency and increasing concerns about the future long-term variability of stock and
bond returns. In fact, real estate is known for its ability to serve as a portfolio diversifier and inflation
hedge. However, the asset class still bears a considerable amount of market risk. Real estate has
shown itself to be very cyclical, somewhat mirroring the ups and downs of the overall economy. In
addition to employment and demographic changes, real estate is also influenced by changes in
14
interest rates and the credit markets, which affect the demand and supply of capital and thus real
estate values. Along with changes in market fundamentals, investors wishing to add real estate as part
of their core investment portfolios need to look for property concentrations by area or by property type.
Because property returns are directly affected by local market basics, real estate portfolios that are too
heavily concentrated in one area or property type can lose their risk mitigation attributes and bear
additional risk by being too influenced by local or sector market changes.
Real Estate Investment Trust: A real estate investment trust ("REIT") is a corporate entity which
invests in real estate and/or engages in real estate financing. A REIT reduces or eliminates corporate
income taxes. REITs can be publicly or privately held. Public REITs may be listed on public stock
exchanges. REITs are required to declare 90% of their taxable income as dividends, but they actually
pay dividends out of funds from operations, so cash flow has to be strong or the REIT must either dip
into reserves, borrow to pay dividends, or distribute them in stock (which causes dilution). After 2012,
the IRS stopped permitting stock dividends. Most REITs must refinance or erase large balloon debts
periodically. The credit markets are no longer frozen, but banks are demanding, and getting, harsher
terms to re-extend REIT debt. Some REITs may be forced to make secondary stock offerings to repay
debt, which will lead to additional dilution of the stockholders. Fluctuations in the real estate market can
affect the REIT's value and dividends.
Limited Partnerships: A limited partnership is a financial affiliation that includes at least one general
partner and a number of limited partners. The partnership invests in a venture, such as real estate
development or oil exploration, for financial gain. The general partner does not usually invest any
capital, but has management authority and unlimited liability. That is, the general partner runs the
business and, in the event of bankruptcy, is responsible for all debts not paid or discharged. The
limited partners have no management authority and confine their participation to their capital
investment. That is, limited partners invest a certain amount of money and have nothing else to do with
the business. However, their liability is limited to the amount of the investment. In the worst-case
scenario for a limited partner, he/she loses what he/she invested. Profits are divided between general
and limited partners according to an arrangement formed at the creation of the partnership.
Options Contracts: Options are complex securities that involve risks and are not suitable for
everyone. Option trading can be speculative in nature and carry substantial risk of loss. It is generally
recommended that you only invest in options with risk capital. An option is a contract that gives the
buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specific price on or before
a certain date (the "expiration date"). The two types of options are calls and puts:
A call gives the holder the right to buy an asset at a certain price within a specific period of time. Calls
are similar to having a long position on a stock. Buyers of calls hope that the stock will increase
substantially before the option expires.
A put gives the holder the right to sell an asset at a certain price within a specific period of time. Puts
are very similar to having a short position on a stock. Buyers of puts hope that the price of the stock
will fall before the option expires.
Selling options is more complicated and can be even riskier.
The option trading risks pertaining to options buyers are:
• Risk of losing your entire investment in a relatively short period of time.
• The risk of losing your entire investment increases if, as expiration nears, the stock is below the
strike price of the call (for a call option) or if the stock is higher than the strike price of the put
(for a put option).
15
• European style options which do not have secondary markets on which to sell the options prior
to expiration can only realize its value upon expiration.
• Specific exercise provisions of a specific option contract may create risks.
• Regulatory agencies may impose exercise restrictions, which stops you from realizing value.
The option trading risks pertaining to options sellers are:
• Options sold may be exercised at any time before expiration.
• Covered Call traders forgo the right to profit when the underlying stock rises above the strike
price of the call options sold and continues to risk a loss due to a decline in the underlying
stock.
• Writers of Naked Calls risk unlimited losses if the underlying stock rises.
• Writers of Naked Puts risk unlimited losses if the underlying stock drops.
• Writers of naked positions run margin risks if the position goes into significant losses. Such
risks may include liquidation by the broker.
• Writers of call options could lose more money than a short seller of that stock could on the
same rise on that underlying stock. This is an example of how the leverage in options can work
against the option trader.
• Writers of Naked Calls are obligated to deliver shares of the underlying stock if those call
options are exercised.
• Call options can be exercised outside of market hours such that effective remedy actions
cannot be performed by the writer of those options.
• Writers of stock options are obligated under the options that they sold even if a trading market
is not available or that they are unable to perform a closing transaction.
• The value of the underlying stock may surge or ditch unexpectedly, leading to automatic
exercises.
Other option trading risks are:
• The complexity of some option strategies is a significant risk on its own.
• Option trading exchanges or markets and option contracts themselves are open to changes at
all times.
• Options markets have the right to halt the trading of any options, thus preventing investors from
realizing value.
If an options brokerage firm goes insolvent, investors trading through that firm may be affected.
Internationally traded options have special risks due to timing across borders.
• Risk of erroneous reporting of exercise value.
•
•
Risks that are not specific to options trading include market risk, sector risk and individual stock risk.
Option trading risks are closely related to stock risks, as stock options are a derivative of stocks.
PIPES: In a Private Investment in Public Equity ("PIPE") transaction, investors typically purchase
securities directly from a publicly traded company in a private placement. Depending on the structure
of the transaction, this can be done at a premium to or at a discount from the market price of the
company's common stock. Because the sale of the securities is not pre-registered with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), the securities are "restricted" and cannot be
immediately resold by the investors into the public markets. Accordingly, the company will usually
agree as part of the PIPE transaction to register the restricted securities with the SEC. Thus, the PIPE
transaction can offer the company the speed and predictability of a private placement, while providing
investors with a nearly liquid security. Risks of investing in PIPES include but may not be limited to
substantial entry requirements, limited liquidity, limited investor control, potential for unfunded
commitments, and loss of investment.
16
Derivatives: Derivatives are types of investments where the investor does not own the underlying
asset. There are many different types of derivative instruments, including, but not limited to, options,
swaps, futures, and forward contracts. Derivatives have numerous uses as well as various risks
associated with them, but they are generally considered an alternative way to participate in the market.
Investors typically use derivatives for three reasons: to hedge a position, to increase leverage, or to
speculate on an asset's movement. The key to making a sound investment is to fully understand the
characteristics and risks associated with the derivative, including, but not limited to counter-party,
underlying asset, price, and expiration risks. The use of a derivative only makes sense if the investor is
fully aware of the risks and understands the impact of the investment within a portfolio strategy. Due to
the variety of available derivatives and the range of potential risks, a detailed explanation of derivatives
is beyond the scope of this disclosure.
Structured Products: A structured product, also known as a market-linked product, is generally a pre-
packaged investment strategy based on derivatives, such as a single security, a basket of securities,
options, indices, commodities, debt issuances, and/or foreign currencies, and to a lesser extent,
swaps. Structured products are usually issued by investment banks or affiliates thereof. They have a
fixed maturity, and have two components: a note and a derivative. The derivative component is often
an option. The note provides for periodic interest payments to the investor at a predetermined rate, and
the derivative component provides for the payment at maturity. Some products use the derivative
component as a put option written by the investor that gives the buyer of the put option the right to sell
to the investor the security or securities at a predetermined price. Other products use the derivative
component to provide for a call option written by the investor that gives the buyer of the call option the
right to buy the security or securities from the investor at a predetermined price. A feature of some
structured products is a "principal guarantee" function, which offers protection of principal if held to
maturity. However, these products are not always Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured; they
may only be insured by the issuer, and thus have the potential for loss of principal in the case of a
liquidity crisis, or other solvency problems with the issuing company. Investing in structured products
involves a number of risks including but not limited to: fluctuations in the price, level or yield of
underlying instruments, interest rates, currency values and credit quality; substantial loss of principal;
limits on participation in any appreciation of the underlying instrument; limited liquidity; credit risk of the
issuer; conflicts of interest; and, other events that are difficult to predict
Futures: Futures are financial contracts obligating the buyer to purchase an asset (or the seller to sell
an asset), such as a physical commodity or a financial instrument, at a predetermined future date and
price. The primary difference between options and futures is that options give the holder the right to
buy or sell the underlying asset at expiration, while the holder of a futures contract is obligated to fulfill
the terms of his/her contract. Buyers and sellers in the futures market primarily enter into futures
contracts to hedge risk or speculate rather than to exchange physical goods. Futures are not only for
speculating. They may be used for hedging or may be a more efficient instrument to trade than the
underlying asset.
Private Placements: A private placement (nonpublic offering) is an illiquid security sold to qualified
investors and are not publicly traded nor registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Risk: Private placements generally carry a higher degree of risk due to illiquidity. Most
securities that are acquired in a private placement will be restricted securities and must
be held for an extended amount of time and therefore cannot be sold easily. The range of
risks are dependent on the nature of the partnership and are disclosed in the ofering
documents.
17
Item 9 Disciplinary Information
We are required to disclose the facts of any legal or disciplinary events that are material to a client's
evaluation of our advisory business or the integrity of our management. We do not have any required
disclosures under this item.
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
We have not provided information on other financial industry activities and affiliations because we do
not have any relationship or arrangement that is material to our advisory business or to our clients with
any of the types of entities listed below.
1. broker-dealer, municipal securities dealer, or government securities dealer or broker;
2. investment company or other pooled investment vehicle (including a mutual fund, closed-end
investment company, unit investment trust, private investment company or "hedge fund," and
offshore fund);
3. other investment adviser or financial planner;
4. futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, or commodity trading adviser;
5. banking or thrift institution;
6. accountant or accounting firm;
7. lawyer or law firm;
8. insurance company or agency;
9. pension consultant;
10.real estate broker or dealer; and/or
11.sponsor or syndicator of limited partnerships.
Recommendation of Other Advisers
We may recommend that you use a third-party money manager ("TPMM") based on your needs and
suitability. We will not receive separate compensation, directly or indirectly, from the TPMM for
recommending that you use their services. Moreover, we do not have any other business relationships
with the recommended TPMM(s). Refer to the Advisory Business section above for additional
disclosures on this topic.
Recommendation of Money Market Funds
Our firm also receives service fees from Federated Securities Corp. ("FSC") in connection with mutual
funds purchased or held for advisory client accounts. This compensation is separate from our advisory
fees and is not provided for inclusion in any "preferred provider" or similar preferred marketing
program. This practice presents a conflict of interest because we have an incentive to recommend
mutual funds for which we receive service fees. You are under no obligation, contractually or
otherwise, to purchase or hold securities products through our firm or any affiliate.
Recommendation of Limited Partnerships
Our firm also receives service fees from Eaton Vance ("EV") and Goldman Sachs Asset Management,
LP ("GSAM") in connection with purchased or held for advisory client accounts. This compensation is
separate from our advisory fees and is not provided for inclusion in any "preferred provider" or similar
preferred marketing program. This practice presents a conflict of interest because we have an
incentive to recommend limited partnerships for which we receive service fees. You are under no
obligation, contractually or otherwise, to purchase or hold securities products through our firm or any
affiliate.
18
Addressing Potential Conflicts of Interest
Registrant recognizes that its relationships may result in potential conflicts of interest between the
interests of advisory clients and the interests of Registrant. Registrant has taken numerous actions to
address these potential conflicts of interest. Registrant is committed to meeting its fiduciary duty to its
clients under the Advisers Act, which includes the duty to act in its clients' best interest at all times and
to disclose material conflicts of interest.
Registrant has adopted and implemented a Code of Ethics and Compliance Program that includes
policies and procedures regarding Registrant's fiduciary duty with respect to potential conflicts of
interest. These policies and procedures require, among other things, that Registrant: (1) manage
portfolios in accordance with client investment guidelines and objectives; (2) disclose all fees charged
by Registrant; (3) allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable way; and (4) prohibit
employees from wrongfully profiting at the expense of advisory clients. Registrant has also appointed
Elizabeth Ly as the Chief Compliance Officer. As Chief Compliance Officer, Ms. Ly is responsible for
ensuring that Registrant and its employees meet their fiduciary obligations under the Advisers Act and
Registrant's Code of Ethics and Compliance Program on an ongoing basis. Mr. Flagg and Mr. Powell
are also responsible for ensuring that Registrant and its employees meet their fiduciary obligations
under the Advisers Act and Registrant's Code of Ethics and Compliance Program.
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
Description of Our Code of Ethics
Registrant has adopted a Code of Ethics for all supervised persons of the firm, which includes all
employees of Registrant, describing its high standard of business conduct and fiduciary duty to its
clients. The purpose of this Code of Ethics is to require Registrant and its employees to act in the best
interests of its clients at all times and to address potential conflicts of interest between Registrant and
its employees and advisory clients. Registrant's clients or prospective clients may request a copy of the
Code of Ethics by contacting Elizabeth Ly, Chief Compliance Officer, at (415) 229-9073.
Registrant's Code of Ethics is based on the principle that all employees and certain other persons have
a fiduciary duty to place the interest of clients ahead of their own interest and the interests of
Registrant. The Code of Ethics applies to all "Access Persons" (i.e. employees and certain other
persons with access to confidential information regarding client investments). Access Persons must
avoid activities, interests and relationships that might interfere with making decisions in the best
interest of advisory clients. As fiduciaries, all Access Persons must, at all times: (1) place the interests
of advisory clients first; (2) avoid taking inappropriate advantage of their position (For example, access
persons may not use their knowledge of portfolio transactions to profit by the market effect of such
transactions); and (3) conduct and report all personal securities transactions in full compliance with the
Code of Ethics on an ongoing basis. These reporting requirements ensure that Access Persons do not
place their personal interests ahead of clients' interests when making their personal securities
transactions.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Neither our firm nor any persons associated with our firm has any material financial interest in client
transactions beyond the provision of investment advisory services as disclosed in this brochure.
Personal Trading Practices
The Code of Ethics also permits Registrant and its employees to personally invest in securities of the
same class that are purchased for clients and to own securities of a class that are subsequently
purchased for clients. If securities of a particular class are purchased or sold for clients and Registrant
or its employees on the same day, then the client will either pay or receive a more favorable price, or
19
receive the same price as Registrant and employees. Registrant and/or its employees may also buy or
sell a specific security for its/their own account which they do not deem appropriate to buy or sell for
clients.
Access Employees who violate the Code of Ethics are subject to sanctions, which may include
dismissal from employment and the reporting of misconduct to legal authorities.
Item 12 Brokerage Practices
The majority of Client accounts are held with, and trades are executed through, Charles Schwab & Co.
Inc. and Fidelity, but Registrant maintains relationships with several broker-dealers. While you are free
to choose any broker-dealer or other service provider as your custodian, we recommend that you
establish an account with a brokerage firm with which we have an existing relationship. Such
relationships may include benefits provided to our firm, including but not limited to market information
and administrative services that help our firm manage your account(s). We believe that the
recommended broker-dealers provide quality execution services for our clients at competitive prices.
Price is not the sole factor we consider in evaluating best execution. We also consider the quality of
the brokerage services provided by recommended broker-dealers, including the value of the firm's
reputation, execution capabilities, commission rates, and responsiveness to our clients and our firm. In
recognition of the value of the services recommended broker-dealers provide, you may pay higher
commissions and/or trading costs than those that may be available elsewhere.
In selecting a broker for any transaction or series of transactions, Registrant will attempt to obtain, in its
good faith judgment, the best qualitative execution. In this regard, Registrant may consider a number
of factors, including, for example, net price, reputation, financial strength and stability, efficiency or
execution and error resolution, aggregated trading and block positioning capabilities, willingness to
execute related or unrelated difficult transactions in the future, order of call, offering to Registrant on-
line access to computerized data regarding clients' accounts, the availability of stocks to borrow for
short trades and other matters involved in the receipt of brokerage services generally.
Registrant may receive certain software and research services in connection with client trades (i.e.
software and research from Bloomberg). Registrant generally seeks to receive these services in a
manner consistent with its fiduciary duty to its advisory clients and the provisions of Section 28(e) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Various broker-dealers provide Registrant with proprietary
research and other products and services (i.e. receipt of duplicate trade confirmations and account
statements, trading desk access, the ability to aggregate clients' securities transactions, and the ability
to directly debit advisory fees from clients' accounts). Registrant may also purchase from a broker or
allow a broker to pay for certain research services, economic and market information, portfolio strategy
advice, industry company comments, technical data, recommendations, general reports, consultations,
performance measurement data, on-line pricing, news wire charges, office equipment and the like (a
"soft dollar" relationship).
Registrant may pay a brokerage commission in excess of that which another Broker-Dealer might
charge for effecting the same transaction in recognition of the value of the brokerage, research and
other services and soft dollar relationships. In such a case, however, Registrant will determine in good
faith that such commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage, research and other
services and soft dollar relationships provided by such Broker-Dealer, viewed in terms of either the
specific transaction or Registrant's overall responsibilities to the portfolios over which Registrant
exercises investment authority. Some accounts, nevertheless, may pay higher brokerage commissions
than are otherwise available, while the research and other benefits resulting from the brokerage
relationship may benefit all Registrant accounts or Registrant's operations as a whole.
20
Brokerage for Client Referrals
We do not receive client referrals from broker-dealers in exchange for cash or other compensation,
such as brokerage services or research.
Aggregated Trades
Transactions for each client generally will be effected independently, unless we decide to purchase or
sell the same securities for several clients at approximately the same time. We may, but are not
obligated to, combine multiple orders for shares of the same securities purchased for advisory
accounts we manage (this practice is commonly referred to as "aggregated trading"). We will then
distribute a portion of the shares to participating accounts in a fair and equitable manner. Generally,
non-wrap accounts will pay a fixed transaction cost regardless of the number of shares transacted. In
certain cases, each participating account pays an average price per share for all transactions and pays
a proportionate share of all transaction costs on any given day. If you participate in our wrap fee
program described above, you will not pay any portion of the transaction costs in addition to the
program fee. In the event an order is only partially filled, the shares will be allocated to participating
accounts in a fair and equitable manner, typically in proportion to the size of each client's order.
Where we do not combine multiple orders for shares of the same equity securities purchased for
advisory accounts we manage, you may pay different prices for the same securities transactions than
other clients pay. Furthermore, we may not be able to buy and sell the same quantities of securities for
you and you may pay higher commissions, fees, and/or transaction costs than other clients.
Accounts owned by our firm or persons associated with our firm may participate in aggregated trading
with your accounts; however, they will not be given preferential treatment.
For Fixed Income positions the Company may elect to combine or aggregate orders in order to obtain
an average price and allocate shares equitably among several client accounts. This technique is used
as part of the Company's duty to seek best execution. Proprietary or related accounts will not be
included in aggregated orders. Sentry Advisors may include non-discretionary accounts in aggregated
client transactions to the extent the Company receives client approval of the transaction with respect to
non-discretionary accounts timely. If the Company cannot reasonably obtain a timely client approval for
a non-discretionary account, such account may be excluded from the aggregated order.
Utilization of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
Registrant may recommend that clients establish brokerage accounts with the Schwab Advisor
Services division of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. ("Schwab"), a registered broker-dealer, member SIPC,
to maintain custody of clients' assets and to effect trades for their accounts. The final decision to
custody assets with Schwab is at the discretion of the Advisor's clients, including those accounts under
ERISA or IRA rules and regulations, in which case the client is acting as either the plan sponsor or IRA
accountholder. Registrant is independently owned and operated and not affiliated with Schwab.
Schwab provides Registrant with access to its institutional trading and custody services, which are
typically not available to Schwab retail investors. These services generally are available to
independent investment advisors on an unsolicited basis, at no charge to them so long as a total of at
least $10 million of the advisor's clients' assets are maintained in accounts at Schwab Advisor
Services. Schwab's services include brokerage services that are related to the execution of securities
transactions, custody, research, including that in the form of advice, analyses and reports, and access
to mutual funds and other investments that are otherwise generally available only to institutional
investors or would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment.
21
For Registrant's client accounts maintained in its custody, Schwab generally does not charge
separately for custody services but is compensated by account holders through commissions or other
transaction-related or asset-based fees for securities trades that are executed through Schwab or that
settle into Schwab accounts.
Schwab also makes available to Registrant other products and services that benefit Registrant but may
not benefit its clients' accounts. These benefits may include national, regional or Registrant specific
educational events organized and/or sponsored by Schwab Advisor Services. Other potential benefits
may include occasional business entertainment of personnel of Registrant by Schwab Advisor
Services personnel, including meals, invitations to sporting events, including golf tournaments, and
other forms of entertainment, some of which may accompany educational opportunities. Some of these
products and services assist Registrant in managing and administering clients' accounts. These
include software and other technology (and related technological training) that provide access to client
account data (such as trade confirmations and account statements), facilitate trade execution (and
allocation of aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts), provide research, pricing information
and other market data, facilitate payment of Registrant's fees from its clients' accounts, and assist with
back-office training and support functions, recordkeeping and client reporting. Many of these services
generally may be used to service all or some substantial number of Registrant's accounts, including
accounts not maintained at Schwab Advisor Services. Schwab Advisor Services also makes available
to Registrant other services intended to help us manage and further develop our business enterprise.
These services may include professional compliance, legal and business consulting, publications and
conferences on practice management, information technology, business succession, regulatory
compliance, employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, insurance and marketing. In
addition, Schwab may make available, arrange and/or pay vendors for these types of services
rendered to Registrant by independent third parties. Schwab Advisor Services may discount or waive
fees it would otherwise charge for some of these services or pay all or a part of the fees of a third-party
providing these services to Registrant. While, as a fiduciary, Registrant endeavors to act in its clients'
best interests, Registrant's recommendation/requirement that clients maintain their assets in accounts
at Schwab may be based in part on the benefit to Registrant of the availability of some of the foregoing
products and services and other arrangements and not solely on the nature, cost or quality of custody
and brokerage services provided by Schwab, which may create a potential conflict of interest.
Mutual Fund Share Classes
Mutual funds are sold with different share classes, which carry different cost structures. Each available
share class is described in the mutual fund's prospectus. When we purchase, or recommend the
purchase of, mutual funds for a client, we select the share class that is deemed to be in the client's
best interest, taking into consideration cost, tax implications, and other factors. When the fund is
available for purchase at net asset value, we will purchase, or recommend the purchase of, the fund at
net asset value. We also review the mutual funds held in accounts that come under our management
to determine whether a more beneficial share class is available, considering cost, tax implications, and
the impact of contingent deferred sales charges.
Item 13 Review of Accounts
Client portfolios are reviewed and reconciled on at least a quarterly basis. More frequent reviews may
be conducted in response to changes in market or economic conditions or changes in a client's
investment objectives or financial condition. Reviews are generally conducted by Registrant's
Investment Adviser Representatives.
22
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation
As disclosed under the Fees and Compensation section in this brochure, persons providing investment
advice on behalf of our firm are licensed insurance agents. For information on the conflicts of interest
this presents, and how we address these conflicts, refer to the Fees and Compensation section.
Our firm also receives service fees from Federated Securities Corp. ("FSC") in connection with mutual
funds purchased or held for advisory client accounts. This compensation is separate and in addition to
our advisory fees and is not provided for inclusion in any "preferred provider" or similar preferred
marketing program. This practice presents a conflict of interest because we have an incentive to
recommend mutual funds for which we receive service fees. You are under no obligation, contractually
or otherwise, to purchase or hold securities products through our firm or any affiliate.
Our firm also receives service fees from Eaton Vance ("EV") and Goldman Sachs Asset Management,
LP ("GSAM") in connection with limited partnerships purchased or held for advisory client accounts.
This compensation is separate and in addition to our advisory fees and is not provided for inclusion in
any "preferred provider" or similar preferred marketing program. This practice presents a conflict of
interest because we have an incentive to recommend limited partnerships for which we receive service
fees. You are under no obligation, contractually or otherwise, to purchase or hold securities products
through our firm or any affiliate.
We do not compensate any individual or firm for client referrals.
Refer to the Brokerage Practices section above for disclosures on research and other benefits we may
receive resulting from our relationship with your account custodian.
Item 15 Custody
Charles Schwab, Federated Securities Corp. and Fidelity are the custodians for over 95% of advisory
clients' assets. Other custodians hold the remaining client assets. Custodians send monthly or
quarterly brokerage or custodial statements directly to clients. These statements should be carefully
reviewed by clients. Registrant encourages its clients to carefully compare quarterly reports provided
by Registrant to custodial and brokerage statements issued by the Custodian(s).
Direct Debiting of Fees
As paying agent for our firm, your independent custodian will directly debit your account(s) for the
payment of our advisory fees. This ability to deduct our advisory fees from your accounts causes our
firm to exercise limited custody over your funds or securities. We do not have physical custody of any
of your funds and/or securities. Your funds and securities will be held with a bank, broker-dealer, or
other qualified custodian. You will receive account statements from the qualified custodian(s) holding
your funds and securities at least quarterly. The account statements from your custodian(s) will
indicate the amount of our advisory fees deducted from your account(s) each billing period. You should
carefully review account statements for accuracy.
23
Standing Letter of Authorization
Our firm, or persons associated with our firm, may effect wire transfers from client accounts to one or
more third parties designated, in writing, by the client without obtaining written client consent for each
separate, individual transaction, as long as the client has provided us with written authorization to do
so. Such written authorization is known as a Standing Letter of Authorization. An adviser with authority
to conduct such third-party wire transfers has access to the client's assets, and therefore has custody
of the client's assets in any related accounts.
However, we do not have to obtain a surprise annual audit, as we otherwise would be required to by
reason of having custody, as long as we meet the following criteria:
1. You provide a written, signed instruction to the qualified custodian that includes the third party's
name and address or account number at a custodian;
2. You authorize us in writing to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or
from time to time;
3. Your qualified custodian verifies your authorization (e.g., signature review) and provides a
transfer of funds notice to you promptly after each transfer;
4. You can terminate or change the instruction;
5. We have no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the third party, the
address, or any other information about the third party;
6. We maintain records showing that the third party is not a related party to us nor located at the
same address as us; and
7. Your qualified custodian sends you, in writing, an initial notice confirming the instruction and an
annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
We hereby confirm that we meet the above criteria.
Item 16 Investment Discretion
Registrant provides discretionary advisory services to its clients in accordance with investment
guidelines and restrictions determined in consultation with clients. Discretionary services means that
Registrant will purchase and sell securities without prior client permission in accordance with a limited
power of attorney. The limited power of attorney prohibits Registrant from withdrawing funds from the
clients' custodial and brokerage accounts. Refer to the Advisory Business section in this Brochure for
more information on our discretionary management services.
For non-discretionary services, Registrant obtains specific client consent prior to the purchase or sale
of a security. You have an unrestricted right to decline to implement any advice provided by our firm
on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 17 Voting Client Securities
As a general rule, Sentry Advisors does not have the authority and does not vote proxies on behalf of
advisory clients. While we may provide information and advice on proxies, clients retain the
responsibility to receive and to vote proxies for all securities held in client portfolios.
We may vote proxies on behalf of advisory accounts depending on the executed investment advisory
agreement and subject to certain de minimis provisions.
We will determine how to vote proxies based on our reasonable judgment of the vote most likely to
produce favorable financial results for you. Proxy votes generally will be cast in favor of proposals that
maintain or strengthen the shared interests of shareholders and management, increase shareholder
24
value, maintain or increase shareholder influence over the issuer's board of directors and
management, and maintain or increase the rights of shareholders. Generally, proxy votes will be cast
against proposals having the opposite effect. However, we will consider both sides of each proxy
issue. Unless we receive specific instructions from you, we will not base votes on social
considerations.
In the event you wish to direct Sentry Advisors on voting a particular proxy, you should contact our
main office at the phone number on the cover page of this brochure with your instructions.
Conflicts of interest between you and our firm, or a principal of our firm, regarding certain proxy issues
could arise. If we determine that a material conflict of interest exists, we will take the necessary steps
to resolve the conflict before voting the proxies. For example, we may disclose the existence and
nature of the conflict to you, and seek direction from you as to how to vote on a particular issue; we
may abstain from voting, particularly if there are conflicting interests for you (for example, where your
account(s) hold different securities in a competitive merger situation); or, we will take other necessary
steps designed to ensure that a decision to vote is in your best interest and was not the product of the
conflict.
We keep certain records required by applicable law in connection with our proxy voting activities. You
may obtain information on how we voted proxies and/or obtain a full copy of our proxy voting policies
and procedures by making a written or oral request to our firm.
Item 18 Financial Information
Registered investment advisers are required in this Item to provide you with certain financial
information or disclosures regarding any financial conditions that may impair their ability to meet
contractual commitments to clients. Registrant has no financial conditions that impairs its ability to
meet contractual and fiduciary commitments to clients, and has never been the subject of a bankruptcy
proceeding.
Item 19 Requirements for State-Registered Advisers
We are a federally registered investment adviser; therefore, we are not required to respond to this
item.
Item 20 Additional Information
Trade Errors
In the event a trading error occurs in your account, our policy is to restore your account to the position
it should have been in had the trading error not occurred. Depending on the circumstances, corrective
actions may include canceling the trade, adjusting an allocation, and/or reimbursing the account.
Class Action Lawsuits
At your request, we may assist you, in conjunction with your legal counsel or other professionals, in
filing claims with the claims administrator to participate in any settlement proceeds related to class
action settlements involving a security held in your portfolio. We may also work with your legal counsel
to determine whether you are eligible to participate in class action litigation to recover damages on
your behalf for injuries as a result of actions, misconduct, or negligence by issuers of securities held in
your portfolio.
25