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Firm Brochure ADV Part 2A
Item 1. Cover Page
New York
10 March 2025
CRD
160172
This Brochure (“Form ADV Part 2A”) provides information about the qualifications and business
practices of Parkview US LLC. (“Parkview US”). Parkview US is registered as an investment adviser
(“RIA”) with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). If you have any questions about the contents
of this brochure, please contact us by telephone at +1 646 213 49 80 or by e-mail at
info@parkviewgroup.com
Parkview US LLC
477 Madison Avenue
Floor 6
New York, NY, 10022
USA
Phone: +1 646 213 49 80
+1 917 397 33 81
Fax:
The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the SEC or by any state
securities authority. Additional information about Parkview US is also available on the SEC’s website
at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. There is no specific level of skill or training required to become a
registered investment adviser with the SEC. This Brochure provides information for U.S. clients of
Parkview US; most provisions of the Advisers Act and of this Brochure do not apply to Parkview US’s
non-U.S. clients.
info@parkviewgroup.com
www.parkviewgroup.com
Item 2. Material Changes
Since our last annual amendment was filed in March 2024, the following material changes have been
made to this disclosure brochure:
•
Item 5: The method of the average Asset under Management calculation for the Asset
Management fee calculation changed.
Newly, the fixed asset management fee for discretionary and nondiscretionary asset
management services is charged quarterly in arrears and is calculated on the basis of the average
Net Asset Value (NAV) of all assets managed during a calendar quarter.
Parkview US LLC, CRD 160172
10 March 2025
Item 3. Table of Content
Item 1. Cover Page ............................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2. Material Changes ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 3. Table of Content ....................................................................................................................................... 2
Item 4. Advisory Business .................................................................................................................................... 3
Item 5. Fees and Compensation ........................................................................................................................... 3
Item 6. Performance Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ....................................................................... 4
Item 7. Types of Clients ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ................................................................. 5
Item 9. Disciplinary Information .......................................................................................................................... 8
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ................................................................................ 8
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ............................................ 8
Item 12. Brokerage Practices ............................................................................................................................... 9
Item 13. Review of Accounts .............................................................................................................................. 12
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation .......................................................................................... 12
Item 15. Custody ................................................................................................................................................ 12
Item 16. Investment Discretion .......................................................................................................................... 13
Item 17. Voting Client Securities ........................................................................................................................ 13
Item 18. Financial Information ........................................................................................................................... 13
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10 March 2025
Item 4. Advisory Business
Non-Discretionary (i.e., Advisory) Asset Management
Services
Parkview US LLC (“Parkview US” or “we”), a Delaware
limited liability company based in New York City,
provides investment advisory services mainly to
international clients. Parkview US was formed on
November 21, 2011, and is wholly owned by Parkview
Ltd., a Swiss corporation based in Zurich. Parkview
Ltd. is a registered investment adviser with the SEC
under CRD number 160171. Parkview Ltd. controls
Parkview US.
Services
Under a non-discretionary management mandate,
Parkview US makes investment recommendations to
a client, and the client subsequently makes all
investment decisions about the investments held in
his or her account. In order to implement a client’s
decisions, the client may authorize Parkview US to
place orders for the execution of securities
transactions for the client’s account. Parkview US
generally provides advice concerning appropriate
asset allocations, evaluation of investment managers,
identification of risks, and specific investment
recommendations.
If explicitly required by a non-discretionary client,
Parkview US may implement investment ideas which
do not pertain to Parkview US’s investment universe.
Parkview US will disclose to the client if an investment
idea is not part of Parkview US’s investment universe.
Consulting Services
Parkview US helps entrepreneurs and their families
sustain wealth across generations by delivering
investment advisory, management, and controlling
services. The services provided include the provision
of discretionary portfolio management and
continuous advice concerning investment of assets
consistent with the circumstances, preferences and
objectives of each client. As part of the information
gathering process, Parkview US determines the
client's individual objectives, time horizon, risk
tolerance, and liquidity needs and develops a tailored
investment policy. Parkview US discusses a client's
prior investment history, as well as family
composition and background.
Upon request, Parkview US advises families on
matters relating to family governance, succession
planning, philanthropy as well as on matters related
to their businesses (strategic advisory, M&A
advisory).
Advice of Parkview US is limited to the types of
securities and transactions as set forth in Section 8.
Wrap Fee Programs
Parkview does not render any Legal or Tax advice.
Parkview US does not participate in wrap fee
programs.
Discretionary Asset Management Services
Assets under Management
As of December 31, 2024, Parkview US managed
approximately $300 million. $93 million on a
discretionary basis and $207 million on a non-
discretionary basis.
Item 5. Fees and Compensation
Under a discretionary management mandate,
Parkview US has the authority to supervise and direct
the investments of and for each client’s account
generally in line with the investment profile agreed
with the client and without prior consultation with
the client. Parkview US determines which securities
are bought and sold for the account and the total
amount of the purchases and sales. Parkview US US’s
authority may be subject to special conditions
imposed by individual clients. For example, a client
may restrict or prohibit transactions in certain types
of securities.
For its discretionary asset management service and
nondiscretionary asset management service,
Parkview US charges a fee for its services based on a
percentage of the market value of assets under
management. The fixed asset management fee for
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Parkview US LLC, CRD 160172
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Other fees you may incur
discretionary and nondiscretionary asset
management services is charged quarterly in arrears
and is calculated on the basis of the average Net
Asset Value (NAV) of all assets managed during a
calendar quarter. The annual fees range from 0.5% to
1%, depending on the size and complexity of the
mandate.
For certain Family Office Service Packages, Parkview
offers flat fee arrangements based on scope and
complexity of the mandate.
Fees charged by Parkview US do not include
custodian fees, fees for trade settlement, brokerage
commissions, taxes or any other fee or taxes imposed
by the custodian bank or the broker or National
Authorities. The fees also do not include
management or other fees charged by funds or other
products that client accounts may be invested in from
time to time. It is Parkview’s philosophy to generally
invest in the least expensive available share class.
Item 6. Performance Based Fees and Side-by-Side
Management
Parkview US may waive, discount and/or negotiate
fees at its discretion. Parkview US may also charge
additional fees for services outside the scope of the
services described above. Any additional fees are
disclosed to the client.
Performance Based Fee Scheme
Parkview US also advises clients on foreign currencies
and the below fee schedule applies and is negotiable
to such advice.
Compensation is not payable in advance. Parkview US
does not manage or advise accounts based on
commissions, subscriptions fees, or hourly rate
charges.
Parkview US relies on custodian banks of its clients to
value the assets in the respective client accounts, and
Parkview US computes its investment advisory fees
based on these valuations provided by the custodian.
At the end of the quarter Parkview US arranges with
the custodian for the direct payment of its fee from
the respective client accounts. The client’s statement
from the custodian will reflect all amounts disbursed
from the account, including the amount of any
advisory fee paid to Parkview US.
Consulting Services fees are determined based on the
nature of the service provided and the complexity of
each client's circumstances.
Parkview US presently does not charge performance-
based fees. However, Parkview US may enter into
performance-based fee arrangements with qualified
clients in the future subject to individualized
agreements with each client. To the extent Parkview
US enters into a performance or incentive fee
arrangement, it will do so in accordance with Section
205(a)(1) and Rule 205-3 under the Advisers Act. Only
clients who meet the following requirements may opt
for the performance based fee scheme: (i) clients with
at least $ 1,100,000 under management with
Parkview US; (ii) clients with more than $ 2,200,000 of
net worth, excluding the value of the primary
residence and certain debt secured by the property;
or (iii) clients who are qualified purchasers under
Section 2(a)(51) of the Investment Advisors Act of
1940, as amended (which generally is defined to
include only individuals, companies or trusts with
more than $ 5,000,000 in investments). Parkview US
potentially can receive higher fees with a
performance-based compensation structure than
from those accounts that pay the asset-based fee
schedule described above. To minimize this conflict,
Parkview US generally will enter into a performance
fee arrangement upon the request of a client or in the
case of specific investment performance objectives.
Side-by-Side Management
All fees are agreed prior to entering into a contract.
The fees for consulting services (which are separate
than fees charged for investment advice, typically
ranging from $40,000 to $400,000 per year,
depending on size and complexity, and subject to the
specific arrangement reached with the client.
Consulting service fees are not charged in advance.
Conflicts related to side-by-side management of
different accounts may exist. For example, Parkview
US may manage more than one account according to
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Parkview US LLC, CRD 160172
10 March 2025
Generally, Parkview US works with clients with a
minimum of $10 million of assets under management.
Parkview US may accept accounts below the
minimum requirements or may retain accounts that
have dropped below the minimum requirement due
to market fluctuation or investment performance.
Accounts that have family, corporate or other
relationships may be aggregated for purposes of the
minimum account size.
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies
and Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis
Parkview US offers primarily institutional asset
management. Rather than selecting individual
securities, Parkview US attempts to optimize a client's
asset allocation following a previously defined
investment policy and then selects the best managers
in each asset class based on research (manager due
diligence and monitoring) provided by third parties.
Macro-economic trends, cyclical and trending analysis
of currencies, sectors, markets, industries, along with
asset class return expectations and risk profiles drive
the strategic and tactical asset allocation process.
In selecting specific securities, Parkview US employs a
bottom-up approach evaluating the fundamentals of
the specific investment, comparisons to benchmarks
and to similar securities, and timing.
the same or a substantially similar investment
strategy. Side-by-side management of different types
of accounts may raise conflicts of interest when two
or more accounts invest in the same securities or
pursue a similar strategy. These potential conflicts
include the favorable or preferential treatment of an
account or a group of accounts, conflicts related to
the allocation of investment opportunities,
particularly with respect to securities that have
limited availability, such as initial public offerings, and
transactions in one account that closely follow related
transactions in a different account. In addition, the
results of the investment activities for one account
may differ significantly from the results achieved for
other accounts, particularly as a result of Parkview US
US’s practice to individually tailor each client’s
investment portfolio. Parkview US has policies and
procedures in place aiming to ensure that all client
accounts are treated fairly and equitably. Parkview
US strives to equitably allocate investment
opportunities among relevant accounts over time. In
addition, investment decisions for each account are
made with specific reference to the individual needs
and objectives of the account. Accordingly, Parkview
US may give advice or exercise investment
responsibility or take other actions for some clients
(including related persons) that may differ from the
advice given, or the timing and nature of actions
taken, for accounts, including accounts that are
generally managed in a similar style, also may differ
as a result of these considerations. Some clients may
not participate at all in some investments in which
other clients participate or may participate to a
different degree or at a different time.
Item 7. Types of Clients
Parkview US offers investment management and
advisory services typically on the following types of
securities and transactions: exchange-listed securities,
securities traded over-the-counter, foreign issuers,
options (including covered and uncovered positions),
corporate debt securities (and other commercial
paper), certificates of deposit, investment company
securities such as mutual funds, exchange traded
funds, foreign exchange transactions, and futures
contracts on intangibles.
Parkview US offers investment management services
to international high net worth individuals and
families as well as institutional investors (e.g.
charitable endowments and financial institutions).
These investors may use trusts or other entities to
control their liquid assets. Such entities in some
occasions can become the contracted client of the
firm.
Parkview US also provides services to individual’s
investments held within personal retirement accounts
(IRA’s).
Parkview US will also invest in hedge funds or other
private funds on a limited basis. Investments in
private funds are available to “accredited investors”
or “qualified purchasers,” and they typically require
investors to lockup their assets for a period of time.
These investments may have limited, or no liquidity
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10 March 2025
prices and liquidity. Such volatility or illiquidity could
impair profitability or result in losses.
Risk Related to Equity Investments: Investments in
equity securities generally involve a high degree of
risk. Prices are volatile and market movements are
difficult to predict. These price movements may result
from factors affecting individual companies or
industries. Price changes may be temporary or last for
extended periods. The value of specific equity
investments obviously correlates to the fundamentals
of each particular security. Prices of equity
investments may fall or fail to appreciate regardless
of movements in securities markets.
and they may involve different risks than investing in
registered funds and other publicly offered and
traded securities. Parkview US relies on the valuation
and performance data provided directly from the
private funds. Private funds may often be delayed in
providing Parkview US with the valuation information;
therefore, Parkview US may likewise be delayed in
reporting this information to the client. Parkview US
will rely on the accuracy of a client’s representations
in making corresponding representations regarding
the investment restrictions on behalf of the client’s
account in connection with certain derivative and
other transactions. Parkview US also requires
notification by the client if the client’s
representations become inaccurate.
In certain cases, Parkview US may provide asset
allocation recommendations that may include real
estate holdings. These holdings are acquired through
real estate investment trusts (REITs) and other
investment vehicles. Parkview US does not invest in
real properties.
Material Investment Risks
Clients should bear in mind that investing in securities
involves a risk of loss. Among other risks, investments
will be subject to market risk, liquidity risk, credit and
counterparty risk, interest rate risk, risk in
fluctuations of commodity pricing, risk of loss due to
political and economic developments in foreign
markets, and risks involving movements in the
currency markets. Clients should be prepared to bear
the risk of losing their investment in securities.
Risks Related to Fixed Income Investments:
Investments in fixed income securities (i.e., bonds)
represent numerous risks such as credit, interest rate,
reinvestment, liquidity, and prepayment risk, all of
which affect the value of the security and volatility of
such value. In general, securities with longer
maturities are more sensitive to price changes.
Additionally, the prices of high yield, fixed-income
securities fluctuate more than high quality debt
issues. Prices are especially sensitive to developments
affecting the company’s business and to changes in
the ratings assigned by rating agencies. Prices are
often closely linked with the company’s stock prices.
High yield securities can experience sudden and sharp
price swings due to changes in economic conditions,
stock market activity, and large sales by major
investors, default, or other factors. Developments in
the credit market may have a substantial impact on
the companies we may invest in and will affect the
success of such investments. In the event of a default,
the investment may suffer a partial or total loss.
Past performance is not an indication as to future
results.
Depending on the specific investments held within his
or her Account, a Client may face the following
investment risks:
Market Risk: Market risk refers to the risk of loss
arising from general economic and market conditions,
such as interest rates, availability of credit, inflation
rates, commodity prices, economic uncertainty,
changes in laws and national and international
political circumstances. Each Account is subject to
market risk, which will affect volatility of securities
Risks Related to Investments in Funds: For purposes
of this discussion, the term “Fund” includes, but is not
limited to, a U.S. or non-U.S. unit investment trust, an
open-end or closed-end mutual fund, a hedge fund, a
private equity fund, a venture capital fund, a real
estate investment trust, an exchange traded fund
(“ETFs”) or any other private alternative or
investment fund). Investments in Funds carry risks
associated with the particular fund. Each fund and the
respective manager will charge their own
management and other fees, which will result in a
Client bearing an additional level of fees and
expenses. U.S. mutual funds generally must
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Parkview US LLC, CRD 160172
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derivative position and the hedged asset may result in
an incomplete hedge.
distribute all gains to investors, including investors
who may not have an economic gain from investing in
the fund, which can lead to negative tax effects on
investors, particularly non-U.S. persons. Investments
in certain non-U.S. funds by U.S. persons result in U.S.
tax and reporting obligations and failing to comply
with such requirements can result in significant
penalties. Funds generally have unique risks of loss as
described in their offering documents.
Risks Related to Investments in Derivatives:
tracts are usually subject to restrictions on transfer,
and there is generally no liquid market for these
contracts. Although it is often possible to negotiate
the termination of an over-the-counter contract or
enter into an offsetting contract, a Counterparty may
be unable or unwilling to terminate a contract with an
account, especially during times of market instability
or disruption. The markets for many exchange traded
futures, options and other instruments are quite
liquid during normal market conditions, but this
liquidity may disappear during times of market
instability or disruption.
Less Accurate Valuation: The absence of a liquid
market for over-the-counter derivatives increases the
likelihood that Parkview US will not be able to
correctly value these interests.
Leverage: Certain investment instruments such as
derivatives may use leverage to achieve returns. The
use of leverage may have the effect of
disproportionately increasing an account’s exposure
to the market for the securities or other assets
underlying the derivative position and the sensitivity
of an account’s portfolio to changes in market prices
for those assets. Leverage will tend to magnify both
the positive impact of successful investment decisions
and the negative impact of unsuccessful investment
decisions by Parkview US on an account’s
performance.
Currency Exposure: Parkview US invests in securities
and other investments that are denominated in
currencies other than U.S. Dollars. Accordingly, the
value of such assets may be affected favorably or
unfavorably by fluctuations in currency rates.
Parkview US seeks to hedge the foreign currency
exposure, but such hedging strategies may not
necessarily be available or effective and may not
always be employed. Accounts managed by Parkview
US are routinely subject to foreign exchange risks and
bear a potential risk of loss arising from fluctuations
in value between the U.S. Dollar and such other
currencies.
Counterparty Credit Risk: When derivatives or certain
other instruments are purchased, a client’s account
will be subject to the ability and willingness of the
other party to the contract (a “Counterparty”) to
perform its obligations under the contract. Although
exchange-traded futures and options contracts are
generally backed by a guarantee from a clearing
corporation, an account could lose the benefit of a
contract in the unlikely event that the clearing
corporation becomes insolvent. A Counterparty’s
obligations under a forward contract, over-the-
counter option, swap or other over-the-counter
derivative contract are not so guaranteed. If the
Counter-party to an over-the-counter contract fails to
perform its obligations, an account may lose the
benefit of the contract and may have difficulty
reclaiming any collateral that an account may have
deposited with the counterparty.
Non-U.S. Investments: Investments in non-U.S.
securities expose the client’s portfolio to risks that in
addition to those risks associated with investments in
U.S. securities. Such risks include, among other
things, trade balances and imbalances, economic
policies of various foreign governments, exchange
control regulations, withholding taxes, potential for
nationalization of assets or industries, and the
political instability of foreign nations.
Item 9. Disciplinary Information
Lack of Correlation: The market value of a derivative
position may correlate imperfectly with the market
price of the asset underlying the derivative position.
To the extent that a derivative position is being used
to hedge against changes in the value of assets in an
account, a lack of price correlation between the
Parkview US has not been involved in any legal or
disciplinary events.
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Parkview US LLC, CRD 160172
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Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and
Affiliations
of a broker-dealer, future commissions merchants,
commodity pool operators, commodity trading
advisors, or associated persons of the foregoing
entities.
As described in Item IV, for certain clients, Parkview
US works closely with its parent company, Parkview
Ltd., in Zurich, Switzerland. Parkview Ltd. is a
registered investment adviser with the SEC. In certain
cases, the primary client relationship is with Parkview
Ltd. and Parkview US is retained as a sub-adviser by
Parkview Ltd.
Furthermore, Parkview is affiliated with:
•
Parkview Ltd., the parent company of Parkview US, is
licensed as an asset manager by the Swiss Financial
Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) and is
supervised by it in accordance with the Feder
Financial Institutions Act (FinIA).), which may seek to
regulate the activities of Parkview US as a wholly
owned subsidiary of Parkview Ltd. Some supervisory
responsibilities are delegated to the supervisory
organisation authoried by FINMA called FINcontrol
Suisse AG
Parkview Europe Ltd, a London based
company, which offers analytics and
research in the field of macro-
economics to its affiliates.
•
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation in Client
Transactions and Personal Trading
Parkview Cyprus Ltd that provides
operational back office support to the
Parkview group of entities.
Code of Ethics
•
CFEG Parkview Financial Solutions that
offers education and consulting
services around investment
governance topics.
Parkview US has adopted a Code of Ethics (the
“Code”) and attendant policies and procedures
governing personal securities transactions by
Parkview US and its personnel. The Code also
provides guidance and instruction to Parkview US and
its personnel on their ethical obligations in fulfilling its
duties of loyalty, fairness and good faith towards the
clients. The overriding principle of Parkview US’s
Code of Ethics is that all employees of Parkview US
owe a fiduciary duty to clients for whom Parkview US
acts as investment adviser or sub-adviser.
Accordingly, employees of Parkview US are
responsible for conducting personal trading activities
in a manner that does not interfere with a client’s
portfolio transactions or take improper advantage of
a relationship with any client.
Parkview US will receive services or receive client
referrals from affiliated entities. Among other things,
there may be financial incentives for Parkview US to
favor affiliated service providers over non-affiliated
service providers. Conflicts of interest may arise from
the recommendation or incentive to utilize the
services of affiliated entities in order to maintain
services or accounts within the Parkview group and
therefore the utilimate compensation earned by the
Parkview group. Parkview US believes the
aforementioned conflict is mitigated in that repre-
sentatives of Parkview US must ensure that any
product or service is in the best interest of the client.
Parkview US believes that it’s affiliates provide quality
services commensurate with the fees charged.
However, lower fees for comparable services may be
available from other sources. Clients are encouraged
to request additional information regarding potential
conflicts of interest.
The Code contains provisions designed to try to: (i)
prevent, among other things, improper trading by
Parkview US’s employees; (ii) identify conflicts of
interest; and (iii) provide a means to resolve any
actual or potential conflicts of interest in favor of the
clients. The Code attempts to accomplish these
objectives by, among other things, (i) requiring
preclearance of specific trades, which includes
documenting any exceptions to such preclearance
requirement; (ii) restricting trading in certain
securities that may cause a conflict of interest, as well
Parkview US and its management personnel neither
are registered nor have an application pending to
register as, broker-dealers, registered representatives
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as (iii) periodic reporting regarding transactions and
holdings of employees.
The Code contains sections including, but not limited
to, the following key areas: (i) restrictions on personal
investing activities; (ii) gifts and business
entertainment; and (iii) outside business activities.
The Code also provides for the Parkview US’s
execution of supervisory policies and procedures, and
the review and enforcement processes of such
policies and procedures. Parkview US has designated
a Chief Compliance Officer responsible for
maintaining, reviewing and enforcing Parkview US’s
Code of Ethics and corresponding policies and
procedures.
Parkview US uses independent brokers and dealers to
purchase and sell securities for client accounts. In
selecting brokers and dealers to effect client
transactions, we try to obtain for clients: (i) the
prompt execution of client transactions while market
conditions still favor the transaction and (ii) the most
favorable net prices reasonably obtainable. This is
called “best execution.” In placing orders to purchase
and sell equity securities, we select brokers that we
believe will provide the best overall qualitative
execution given the particular circumstances. A
broker may provide more favorable terms and a
higher quality of service to customers who place a
higher volume of transactions through that broker.
Accordingly, to obtain the benefits of higher volume
trading for clients, we may place a large portion of
client equity transactions through a limited number of
brokers that meet our quality standards. When
selecting a new equity broker, we conduct a due
diligence review of the broker to evaluate whether
the broker is likely to provide best execution. We may
consider any of the following factors:
▪ The quality of services provided
(including
lowest
commissions, which may not be the
available, but which ordinarily will not be higher
than the generally prevailing competitive range).
▪ The extent of coverage of the various markets
Parkview US trades in.
The fundamental position of Parkview US is that, in
effecting personal securities transactions, personnel
of Parkview US must place at all times the interests of
clients ahead of their own pecuniary interests. All
personal securities transactions by these persons
must be conducted in accordance with the Code of
Ethics and in a manner to avoid any actual or
potential conflict of interest or any abuse of any
person’s position of trust and responsibility. Further,
these persons should not take inappropriate
advantage of their positions with or on behalf of a
client.
▪ The broker’s ability to communicate effectively
with us.
▪ The broker’s ability to execute and settle difficult
Parkview US will provide a copy of the Code of Ethics
to any client or prospective client upon request.
trades.
▪ Whether or not the broker offers lower cost
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
electronic trading.
▪ The broker’s clearance and settlement efficiency.
▪ Whether or not the broker can handle our range of
order sizes.
▪ The broker’s ability to maintain confidentiality and
anonymity.
▪ The reputation of the broker.
▪ The stability and financial strength of the broker.
Parkview US employees or related persons invest
regularly alongside the firm’s clients, both to align the
interest of firm and personnel and firm clients and as
an expression of confidence in our portfolio
management efforts. In order to ensure that
Parkview US personnel never trade ahead of their
clients, the firm generally tries to ensure that all
trading in specific positions for officer and employee
accounts to come after the analogous trades are
executed for client accounts.
Item 12. Brokerage Practices
Selecting Broker-Dealers
The Chief Compliance Officer reviews the due
diligence performed and approves or rejects the
selection of each broker. On a regular basis, we
monitor and document the services provided by the
approved brokers, the quality of executions and
research, commission rates, the overall brokerage
relationship, and any other issues. We will
periodically reconsider whether placing a large
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Parkview US LLC, CRD 160172
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portion of client trades through a particular broker
continues to be in the best interest of our clients.
brokerage arrangement, clients should be aware of
the following disadvantages:
▪ Parkview US will not be able to negotiate
commission rates with the designated broker
because we will not have the negotiating leverage
that results from the ability to trade away from a
designated broker.
▪ Directed brokerage may cost clients more money.
Directed brokerage clients may pay higher
commission rates than those paid by other clients,
may receive less favorable trade executions and
may not obtain best execution on
their
transactions.
Fixed income securities (i.e. bonds) are generally
traded in an over-the-counter market. In this market,
bond dealers place bids and make offers to buy and
sell bonds on a net basis with no stated commission
plus accrued interest. Any commission or net mark-up
is implied by the difference or “spread” between the
price the dealer purchases the bond for and the price
the dealer sells the bond at. A new issue bond is sold
to purchasers at a net price with a fixed sales credit
paid to the underwriter by the issuers of the bond.
We maintain an approved list of fixed income trading
partners. On a regular basis, we monitor our
relationships with dealers.
Swiss Based Custodians
▪
▪ Directed brokerage accounts will not be able to
participate in aggregated or block transactions
with other clients. This will preclude directed
brokerage accounts from obtaining the volume
discounts or more favorable terms that might be
available from aggregated transactions.
If we are placing orders in the same security for
both directed brokerage clients and clients that
use other brokers, we will usually place orders for
directed brokerage clients after it has placed
orders for other clients.
Block Trades
Brokerage for transactions involving assets held at
Swiss banks generally must be made through the
broker-dealer specified by the custodian bank. Each
Swiss custodian bank acts as a broker-dealer itself
and/or maintains relationships with designated
broker-dealers (including potentially an affiliate of the
custodian bank). Parkview US effectuates security
transactions through the custodian, or the broker or
dealer designated by the custodian bank selected by
the client. In such cases, Parkview US cannot
guarantee that the client will receive best execution
or the best commissions because Parkview US does
not control these factors. Clients should be aware of
the factors outlined below under the heading
Directed Brokerage as these factors also apply with
respect to assets maintained at Swiss banks. Clients
also should be aware of the potential that the broker-
dealer used for transactions may not be a registered
broker-dealer under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
Client Directed Brokerage
A client may direct Parkview US to use a particular
broker or dealer who has an existing relationship with
or provides custodial or other services to a client.
Parkview US requires any directed brokerage
instructions to be in writing unless such arrangement
is inferred in the context of the custodian’s brokerage
limitations. Before choosing to enter into a directed
Parkview US generally will combine orders into block
trades when purchasing the same security for
multiple client Accounts. Such aggregated orders
(“block trades”) will be pre-allocated among the
participating client Accounts. When selecting the
participating accounts, a variety of factors such as
suitability, investment objectives and strategy, risk
tolerance and / or the ability to invest additional
funds will be taken into consideration. In determining
the portion for each participating account further
factors such as account’s size, diversification, asset
allocation and position weightings as well as any
other appropriate factors might be of relevance.
Participating accounts in a block trade placed with the
same broker or the same custodian bank generally
will receive an average price and transaction costs will
be shared on a proportionate basis and as
determined in the agreement with the custodian. This
can either be a sharing on a pro rata basis, or covered
with a “ticket fee”, or based on the implemented
digression model, whereas costs decrease in relation
to the purchased quantity and include the application
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of a minimum rate, when shared costs are below a
defined amount. Partial fills of transactions will be
allocated on a pro rata share basis.
necessarily purchase or sell the same securities at the
same time or in the same proportionate amounts for
all eligible clients, particularly if different clients have
selected different investment profiles, have materially
different amounts of capital under management with
Parkview US or different amounts of investable cash
available. In certain instances, such as purchases of
less liquid publicly traded securities (as some small
cap securities frequently are) or oversubscribed
public offerings, it may not be possible or feasible to
allocate a transaction pro rata to all eligible clients,
especially if clients have materially different sized
portfolios. Therefore, not all clients will necessarily
participate in the same investment opportunities or
participate on the same basis.
Use of Soft Dollars
Because Parkview US’s clients maintain accounts at
different custodian banks and because these
custodian banks mandate the use of a specific broker,
often Parkview US places more than one block trade
for the same security with more than one broker.
Parkview US transmits such block trades to more than
one broker in a random pattern (i.e., Parkview US
does not favor one custodian bank or broker over
another with respect to the order in which block
trade orders are sent). The average price realized on
a securities order placed with different brokers will
vary from broker to broker, and clients generally will
receive different average prices and transaction costs
for the same security order depending upon the
custodian bank and the respective broker used in the
block trade. Also note, since most Swiss custodian
banks warehouse securities orders until filled, there
may be delays in settlement between client Accounts
depending on the practice of the respective custodian
bank and/or broker.
Decision Making Process; Balancing the Interests of
Multiple Client Accounts
Parkview US may maintain soft dollar arrangements,
and to the extent it does it will only do so in
accordance with the conditions of the safe harbor
provided by Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act.
Section 28(e) is a “safe harbor” that permits an
investment manager to use brokerage commissions
or “soft dollars” to obtain research and brokerage
services that provide lawful and appropriate
assistance in the investment decision-making process.
Research services within Section 28(e) may include,
but are not limited to, research reports (including
market research); certain financial newsletters and
trade journals; software providing analysis of
securities portfolios; corporate governance research
and rating services; attendance at certain seminars
and conferences; discussions with research analysts;
meetings with corporate executives; consultants’
advice on portfolio strategy; data services (including
services providing market data, company financial
data, certain valuation and pricing data and economic
data); and advice from brokers on order execution.
In making the decision as to which securities are to be
purchased or sold and the amounts thereof, Parkview
US is guided by the general guidelines set up at the
inception of the adviser-client relationship in
cooperation with the client and a periodic review of
the asset allocation. These general guidelines cover
such matters as the relative proportion of debt and
equity securities to be held in the portfolio, the
degree of risk which the client wishes to assume and
the types and amounts of securities to be held in the
portfolio. Parkview US’s authority may be further
limited by specific instructions from the client, which
may restrict or prohibit transactions in certain
securities.
Parkview US may manage numerous accounts with
similar or identical investment objectives or may
manage accounts with different objectives that may
trade in the same securities. Despite such similarities,
portfolio decisions relating to client investments and
the performance resulting from such decisions may
differ from client to client. Parkview US will not
Brokerage services within Section 28(e) may include,
but are not limited to, services related to the
execution, clearing and settlement of securities
transactions and functions incidental thereto (i.e.,
connectivity services between an investment adviser
and a broker-dealer and other relevant parties such
as custodians); trading software operated by a
broker-dealer to route orders; software that provides
trade analytics and trading strategies; software used
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Parkview US may pay fees for client referrals. Such
arrangements comply with the conditions and
requirements of Rule 206(4)-1 under the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940.
to transmit orders; clearance and settlement in
connection with a trade; electronic communication of
allocation instructions; routing settlement
instructions; post trade matching of trade
information; and services required by the SEC or a
self-regulatory organization such as comparison
services, electronic confirms or trade affirmations.
Trade Errors
Parkview US may receive client referrals from its
affiliated entities, including but not limited to CFEG
Parkview Financial Solutions GmbH. Parkview does
not pay a referral fee to its affiliated entities.
However, there may be financial incentives for
Parkview to favor affiliated service providers over
non-affiliated service providers as described further in
Item 10.
Although Parkview US’s goal is to execute trades
seamlessly in the manner intended by the client and
consistent with its investment decisions, Parkview US
recognizes that errors can occur for a variety of
reasons. Parkview US’s policy in dealing with such
errors is to:
▪
Identify any errors in a timely manner.
▪ Correct all errors so that any affected account is
placed in the same position it would have been in
had the error not occurred.
▪
Incur all costs associated with correcting an error
(or to pass the costs on to the broker, depending
on which party is at fault). Costs from corrective
actions are not to be passed on to a client.
Parkview US may receive remuneration from third
parties in connection with its investment advisory
services. Such remuneration can include referral fees,
marketing fees, discounts, finder’s fees, service fees,
including shareholder service fees, 12b-1 fees or
bonus commissions paid by mutual funds, privately
offered funds, insurance products, variable annuities
or other investment products paid to Parkview US for
recommending an investment, for investing client
funds in such product or for marketing assistance or
the performance of certain administrative tasks
associated with making an investment. Such
remuneration received by Parkview US from third
parties belongs to the client and if retained by
Parkview US will reduce the fee payable by the client
to Parkview US.
▪ Evaluate how the error occurred and assess if any
changes in any processes are warranted or if any
continuing education is required.
The consequences and the required corrective
measures may be different depending upon the
nature of the error or the account affected.
Parkview US’s employees or associated persons may
be invited to attend seminars and meetings with the
costs associated with such meetings borne by a
sponsoring brokerage firm or other party extending
the invitation.
Item 13. Review of Accounts
Item 15. Custody
All client accounts are reviewed at least quarterly in
an effort to ensure that they remain aligned with the
client’s investment policy and are positioned
appropriately given current market conditions as part
of Parkview US’s general investment process.
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other
Compensation
Parkview US typically is given authority to have its
fees directly deducted from a client’s account.
Consequently, Parkview US is deemed to have
custody of such funds. Parkview US has established
procedures to ensure the client’s account is held at a
qualified custodian in a separate account for each
client. The client establishes the bank account
directly and therefore is aware of the qualified
custodian’s name, address and the manner in which
investments are maintained. Account statements are
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Parkview US generally does not have the authority to
vote client proxies. Clients make arrangements
directly with their custodian to vote proxies for
securities or where proxy or other solicitation
materials have to be sent to. If Parkview US
inadvertently receives any proxy materials on behalf
of a client, Parkview US will promptly forward such
materials to the client.
prepared by the custodian bank and delivered directly
to the client or the client’s representative at least
quarterly. Generally, these statements include a
listing of all valuations and all transactions occurring
during the period. Clients should carefully review
these statements and when they have questions
contact either Parkview US or the custodian bank.
The custodian bank also provides the client with all
required year-end tax information.
Parkview US will exercise investment authority for
certain corporate actions (such as, but not limited to,
tenders, rights offerings, splits, etc.) in connection
with discretionary accounts. For advisory clients,
corporate actions are discussed with them prior to
the event taking place.
Clients who have questions about proxies may
contact Parkview US for further information.
Class Actions
Parkview US also may provide performance
information to advisory clients about the client’s
performance, which may also include a reference to a
relevant market index or benchmark. Parkview US
may provide reports analyzing the sources of each
account’s performance, including customary
performance attribution and risk measurement
statistics such as standard deviations, Sharpe ratios,
deviations from benchmark returns, and investments
that had the largest positive and negative impacts on
performance.
Parkview US does not direct client participation in
class action lawsuits.
Item 16. Investment Discretion
Parkview US accepts discretionary authority to
manage client accounts as described above.
Parkview US will determine whether to return any
documentation inadvertently received regarding
clients’ participation in class actions to the sender, or
to forward such information to the appropriate
clients.
Parkview US will not advise or act on behalf of clients
in any legal proceeding, including bankruptcies or
securities shareholder class action litigation involving
securities held or previously held in client accounts.
Accordingly, Parkview US is not responsible for
responding to, or forwarding to clients, any class
action settlement offers relating to securities
currently or previously held in the client account.
Item 18. Financial Information
Clients rarely restrict the authority by which Parkview
US may act; however, each client has the opportunity
to communicate any form of limitation in writing. In
the context of a discretionary mandate, Parkview US
makes investment decisions without consulting the
client by utilizing its limited power of attorney for the
management of the account maintained at the
custodian bank selected by the client. In the context
of a nondiscretionary mandate, Parkview US’s
investment discretion is limited to an advisory role
and Parkview US does not implement investment
decisions without the approval of the client. Parkview
US never has discretionary authority to select a
qualified custodian for a client’s account.
Item 17. Voting Client Securities
Proxy Voting
Parkview US has not been the subject of a bankruptcy
petition at any time. As of the date of this brochure
we do not believe it is reasonably likely that any
future liability will impact our ability to meet our
contractual commitments to our clients.
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