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Item 1 – Cover Page
Part 2A of Form ADV: Disclosure Brochure
Palmer Square Capital Management LLC
1900 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 315
Mission Woods, KS 66205
(816) 994-3200
www.palmersquarecap.com
March 28, 2025
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Palmer
Square Capital Management LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure,
please contact us at (816) 994-3200. The information in this Brochure has not been approved or
verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or by any state
securities authority. Palmer Square is a registered investment adviser. Registration of an
investment adviser does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The oral and written
communications of an adviser provide you with information through which you determine to hire
or retain an adviser.
Additional information about Palmer Square is also available via the SEC’s web site
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. The SEC’s web site also provides information about any persons
affiliated with Palmer Square who are registered, or are required to be registered, as investment
adviser representatives of Palmer Square.
This Brochure is neither an offer to sell nor a solicitation of an offer to buy shares or interests in
any of the investment vehicles advised by Palmer Square Capital Management. An offer of
interests in such vehicles can be made only through the offering materials for the relevant
investment vehicle and only in jurisdictions in which such an offer would be lawful.
Item 2 – Material Changes
This section summarizes the material changes to this Brochure since the last annual update to the
Brochure filed on March 28, 2024.
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Updates throughout to enhance the discussion of the Firm’s practices with respect to the
allocation of affiliated investment products, as appropriate.
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Updates throughout to reflect enhanced discussion of risks associated with the services
provided by the Firm, in additional to various other non-material changes, such as updates to
dates and numbers, stylistic changes and clarifications.
We will provide you with a new Brochure if requested based on changes or new information, at any
time, without charge. Currently, our Brochure may be requested by contacting us at
(816) 994-3200 or compliance@palmersquarecap.com.
Item 3 – Table of Contents
Item 1 – Cover Page .......................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2 – Material Changes ................................................................................................................ 2
Item 3 – Table of Contents................................................................................................................ 3
Item 4 – Advisory Business .............................................................................................................. 4
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation ...................................................................................................... 7
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ............................................... 13
Item 7 – Types of Clients ................................................................................................................ 15
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ........................................ 16
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information .................................................................................................. 32
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ...................................................... 33
Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading . 35
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices ........................................................................................................ 38
Item 13 – Review of Accounts........................................................................................................ 43
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation ...................................................................... 44
Item 15 – Custody ........................................................................................................................... 45
Item 16 – Investment Discretion ..................................................................................................... 46
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities.................................................................................................. 47
Item 18 – Financial Information ..................................................................................................... 50
Palmer Square Capital Management LLC Privacy Policy .............................................................. 51
Appendix: Palmer Square Capital Management LLC Privacy Policy
Item 4 – Advisory Business
Palmer Square Capital Management LLC (“Palmer Square,” “Adviser,” the “Firm,” “we,” or “us”)
is an investment adviser registered with the SEC since January 2011. We are a limited liability
company organized under the laws of Delaware and provide investment management services with
a focus on corporate credit, structured credit, and alternative investments.
Palmer Square’s equity is owned directly and indirectly by the principals and members of the
senior management of Palmer Square, principally through Palmer Square Holdings, LLC, an entity
exclusively owned and controlled by Christopher Long, Chief Executive Officer of Palmer Square,
and Angie Long, Chief Investment Officer of Palmer Square.
Palmer Square provides investment advisory services (including on a sub-advisory basis) to a
broad range of client types, including institutions, high net worth individuals, investment
companies and other pooled investment vehicles (each, a “client”). We serve as investment
adviser, sub-adviser, managing member, investment manager, collateral manager, collateral
servicer, or portfolio manager to several types of investment vehicles, including exchange-traded
funds (“ETFs”) and other investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (“Registered Funds”), collective investment trusts (“CITs”), U.S. and non-U.S.
private investment funds structured as hedge funds, private funds and fund of hedge funds
(“Private Funds”), investment entities structured as collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”),
investment entities structured as collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), and investment
vehicles organized to hold loans on a short-term basis prior to the launch of a CLO or CDO
(“Warehouses”) (together with the Registered Funds, CITs, Private Funds, the CLOs and the
CDOs, the “Palmer Square Funds”, and each of the Palmer Square Funds a “Palmer Square Fund”).
As of December 31, 2024, Palmer Square’s regulatory assets under management are
approximately $27,091,623,176. The Firm does not currently manage any assets on a non-
discretionary basis.
Registered Funds
Palmer Square provides investment advisory services to Palmer Square Funds that are registered
investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Company
Act”), including closed-end and open-end funds such as ETFs, on both direct and sub-advisory
basis. Each Registered Fund pursues a distinct investment program that is set forth in its
registration statement. Each Registered Fund has different investment features which may include
varying levels of management fees, investment minimums, investor qualification standards, and
liquidity terms. While the open-end funds generally provide for daily liquidity, the closed-end
funds provide investors liquidity through a quarterly tender offer process.
Collective Investment Trusts
Palmer Square provides investment advice to collective investment trusts. The trusts are for the
collective investment of assets of participating tax qualified pension and profit sharing plans and
related trusts, and governmental plans as more fully described in the applicable declaration of trust.
As bank collective trusts, the trusts are exempt from registration under the Company Act. The
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trusts are managed by a trustee and Palmer Square is delegated investment management authority
by the trustee. If these trusts are held in a client account, the value of the investment in the trust is
excluded from the billing value for the purpose of calculating the client’s periodic fee due to Palmer
Square.
Private Funds
Palmer Square manages Private Funds. Each Private Fund is not required to register as an
investment company under the Company Act in reliance upon an exemption(s) available to funds
whose securities are not publicly offered. Palmer Square manages each Private Fund on a
discretionary basis in accordance with the investment strategy description and the terms and
conditions of the Private Fund’s offering and organizational documents and any relevant
supplements to those documents. Each Private Fund has different investment features which may
include varying levels of management and performance fees, investment objectives and guidelines,
investment minimums, investor qualification standards and liquidity terms. The Private Funds may
be organized in the U.S. or offshore. Palmer Square may organize similar Private Funds in the
future. Also, Palmer Square advises hedge fund of funds that generally invest with unaffiliated
managers.
Each of the Private Funds employs investment strategies that are suitable only for sophisticated
investors with substantial net worth and who are able to bear the risks of the strategies employed.
Investors and/or prospective investors should also be aware of additional risks associated with
investing in the Private Funds, many of which are described in the governing documents of each
respective Private Fund.
Certain Private Funds may invest in other Palmer Square Funds, including other Private Funds,
Registered Funds, CLOs, CDOs and Warehouses, and other pooled investment vehicles or
accounts managed by Palmer Square or its affiliates. For more information on these investments,
please see the offering materials for the applicable Palmer Square Fund.
CLOs, CDOs and Warehouses
Palmer Square provides certain services to investment entities structured as CLOs, CDOs and
Warehouses. Each such client pursues a distinct investment program that is set forth in its
governing documents and has distinct investment features, which may include varying levels of
fees, portfolio compositions, investment minimums, investor qualification standards, maturities
and distribution terms.
Managed Account Clients
In addition to the Palmer Square Funds, Palmer Square also offers discretionary investment
management services with a focus on corporate credit, structured credit, and alternatives directly
to high net worth and institutional clients pursuant to an investment management agreement on an
ongoing basis whereby the client can customize portfolios according to their unique risk/reward
objectives (“Managed Account Clients”). Generally speaking, the clients’ customization of a
portfolio centers around liquidity and strategy objectives. Certain securities held in a client’s
portfolio may be illiquid and the Firm may be unable to liquidate such securities prior to the date
of termination of the investment management agreement. Where appropriate and permitted by
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applicable law, Managed Account Clients invest in Palmer Square Funds and other pooled
investment vehicles or accounts managed by Palmer Square or its affiliates.
Legacy Clients
The Firm also provides discretionary asset allocation services to a limited number of legacy clients
pursuant to an investment management agreement (“Legacy Clients”). These services are
generally limited to providing the Legacy Clients access to Palmer Square’s various investment
strategies, including the Palmer Square Funds and other pooled investment vehicles or accounts
managed by Palmer Square or its affiliates, and do not include comprehensive wealth management
services. The Firm does not currently anticipate providing such services to additional clients.
Certain securities held in a client’s portfolio may be illiquid and Palmer Square may be unable to
liquidate such securities prior to the date of termination of the investment management agreement.
Additional Information
Palmer Square advises certain Private Funds and Managed Accounts Clients that make risk
retention investments in the equity of affiliated CLOs, CDOs and Warehouses, either directly or
indirectly through investments in investment advisers affiliated with Palmer Square, as applicable.
Palmer Square and/or its affiliates may advise additional clients or investment vehicles without
consulting its clients. In connection with the operation of such additional clients, Palmer Square
and/or its affiliates employ substantially similar investment strategies and/or invest in substantially
similar securities to the strategies employed or securities invested by other clients. Please refer to
Item 10 for additional discussion regarding the affiliates of Palmer Square.
Investors in the Palmer Square Funds may not impose restrictions on the Palmer Square Funds’
investment activities. Palmer Square has full discretion in trading on behalf of such clients. Palmer
Square does not require, and does not seek approval from, the Palmer Square Funds or their
underlying investors with respect to its trading.
All of the discussions of the Palmer Square Funds in this Brochure, including but not limited to
their investments, the strategies used in managing the Palmer Square Funds, associated fees and
costs and conflicts of interest faced by Palmer Square and its affiliates in connection with
managing the Palmer Square Funds, are qualified in their entirety by the respective governing
documents of the relevant Palmer Square Fund. As noted above, Palmer Square causes certain
clients to invest in other pooled investment vehicles or accounts which are advised or managed by
Palmer Square or its affiliates, including, without limitation, Registered Funds and investments in
the equity and/or debt securities of CLOs, CDOs and/or Warehouses that are advised, sponsored
and/or otherwise affiliated with Palmer Square or its affiliates. Please refer to your advisory
agreement or the applicable Palmer Square Fund’s governing documents for more information.
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Item 5 – Fees and Compensation
With respect to our clients, Palmer Square generally receives a fee based on a percentage of assets
under management such as a collateral management fee or management fee. Palmer Square may
also receive performance-based compensation as set forth in the applicable client’s governing
documents. The fees differ depending on the type of client, as described below.
Palmer Square Funds
With respect to the Palmer Square Funds, the fees are generally established at the time the Palmer
Square Fund was formed. Palmer Square Funds generally pay an annual asset-based fee of between
0% to 2% per annum. In addition to an asset-based fee, certain Palmer Square Funds may pay
Palmer Square or
its affiliates performance-based compensation. Performance-based
compensation may be structured in a variety of ways, generally ranging from 0% to 25% of net
profits achieved if a hurdle is exceeded. Any performance-based compensation arrangements
comply with Section 205 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”)
and the rules thereunder. Please see each Palmer Square Fund’s applicable governing documents
for the specific fee terms applicable to the Palmer Square Fund. Palmer Square, in its sole and
absolute discretion, may pay a portion of the fees to certain investors and/or other third parties.
For each of the Palmer Square Funds, Palmer Square’s fees are generally calculated by a service
provider such as a third-party administrator or a trustee, and deducted directly from the client’s
account by Palmer Square. Investors in Palmer Square Funds do not have the ability to choose to
be billed directly. In the event of the termination of the relationship between a Palmer Square Fund
and Palmer Square, the management and performance compensation typically will be allocated
according to the date of termination or through the specified terms in the applicable agreement.
Generally, any prepaid but unearned fees will be refunded.
Subject to the requirements of applicable law, Palmer Square and its affiliates have made, and may
make in the future, exceptions to its general fee schedule for a Palmer Square Fund or an investor
in a Palmer Square Fund in its sole discretion based on various circumstances, such as the
relationship Palmer Square has with the Palmer Square Fund or investor, expectations of capital
additions in the future, product, share class, or composition of portfolio, among other reasons. This
may include fee waivers, reductions or rebates which may be permanent or temporary. Neither the
Palmer Square Fund nor the Adviser is generally obligated to obtain the approval of any investor
with respect to such arrangements.
To the extent the Adviser determines the fair value of an investment, the Adviser has a conflict of
interest as its management and performance-based compensation will be based on such valuation.
With respect to certain Private Funds, all or a substantial portion of a Private Fund’s assets are
valued in accordance with a proprietary model developed by Palmer Square.
Registered Funds
The fees and expenses for each Registered Fund are set forth in the corresponding offering
documentation for the respective Registered Fund but generally include an annual management
fee accrued daily and paid monthly in arrears.
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Collective Investment Trusts
The fees and expenses for each CIT are set forth in the corresponding offering documentation for
the respective CIT but generally include an annual management fee accrued daily and paid monthly
in arrears.
Private Funds
The fees and expenses for each Private Fund are described in governing documents for the
respective Private Fund. The annual management fee is generally payable quarterly or monthly in
arrears, and performance-based compensation, if any, is generally payable either quarterly or
annually and at the time of withdrawal, depending on the Private Fund. For certain Private Funds,
the performance-based compensation is payable at the time when the investor has received
distributions equal to the amount of its capital contribution. Please refer to the applicable Private
Fund’s offering documents for more information. Each affiliate that serves as general partner,
managing member or investment manager (or in a similar capacity) of a Private Fund is generally
entitled to receive the performance-based compensation, if applicable, from the relevant Private
Fund.
In addition to the fees paid to Palmer Square, to the extent the Private Fund invests in other funds
(including affiliated Palmer Square Funds), the Private Fund will bear its pro rata share of the fees
(including asset-based and performance-based compensation) and expenses of such underlying
funds. To the extent a Private Fund invests in another pooled investment vehicles or accounts
managed by Palmer Square or its affiliates (as appropriate), Palmer Square will generally waive
or rebate any fees payable to Palmer Square and its affiliates at either the level of the Private Fund
or the level of the underlying pooled investment vehicle or account managed by Palmer Square or
its affiliates such that investors in the Private Fund will not be subject to an additional layer of fees
payable to Palmer Square or its affiliates as a result of the affiliated investment; provided, that if
the underlying pooled investment vehicle is an ETF, such investors will pay fees payable to Palmer
Square or its affiliates at both the level of the Private Fund and the level of the ETF. This practice
creates a conflict of interest because Palmer Square does not receive fees from unaffiliated ETFs
and thus receives an additional layer of fees when affiliated ETFs are utilized. With respect to
Private Funds that invest in affiliated CLOs, CDOs and/or Warehouses (as appropriate), such
Private Funds will generally be subject to management and other fees payable to Palmer Square
at the level of the affiliated CLOs, CDOs and Warehouses in which the Private Funds invest.
Certain Private Funds are entitled to a waiver or rebate on a portion of the fees payable to Palmer
Square related to investments in the equity of affiliated CLOs, CDOs and Warehouses. Please see
each Private Fund’s applicable governing documents for specific fee waiver and/or rebate terms
applicable to the Private Fund.
CLOs, CDOs and Warehouses
The fees and expenses for each CLO, CDO and Warehouse are set forth in the corresponding
governing documents. Palmer Square, or its affiliates, is generally entitled to a collateral
management fee with respect to its services to the CLOs, CDOs and Warehouses. Certain collateral
management fees are payable only to the extent that funds are available in accordance with the
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priority of payments described in the indentures of the CLO, CDO or Warehouse, as applicable.
Palmer Square, or its affiliates, is generally entitled to receive performance-based compensation
with respect to its services to such clients, as set forth in the applicable client’s indentures,
collateral management agreements and servicing agreements. Performance-based compensation is
also generally only payable to the extent that funds are available for such purpose on each payment
date and to the extent that certain specified returns hurdles are achieved in accordance with the
priority of payments described in the applicable client’s indentures, collateral management
agreements and servicing agreements. Palmer Square or its affiliates are generally entitled to
receive certain structuring fees upon the closing of the formation of certain CLOs, CDOs and/or
Warehouses.
Managed Account and Legacy Clients
Fees for each client are negotiated on a case-by-case basis and may vary depending upon the level
of service the Firm provides to the client, but primarily consists of an annual asset-based advisory
fee. In addition to the advisory fee paid to Palmer Square, each client is generally subject to various
costs and expenses, including, but not limited to, custodial, brokerage, transactional and research-
related fees and expenses. Clients may elect to be invoiced, but Palmer Square generally deducts
the advisory fee automatically pursuant to each client’s agreement. As all Managed Account and
Legacy Clients are “qualified purchasers” as defined in section 2(a)(51)(A) of the Company Act,
Palmer Square is not required to provide a fee schedule in this Brochure.
To the extent a Managed Account or Legacy Client invests in another Palmer Square Fund, the
Managed Account or Legacy Client will generally be subject to both an advisory fee and the fees
of the applicable Palmer Square Fund. A conflict of interest exists when Palmer Square directs
clients to invest in Palmer Square Funds where it receives additional fees. Please consult the
relevant governing documents or related documents for more information. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, to the extent the client is subject to ERISA and/or an IRA, Palmer Square will rebate
the client’s advisory fee by an amount equal to the Registered Funds’ fees associated with the total
account assets invested in the Registered Fund. This fee rebate is calculated in arrears and netted
to the current quarter’s advisory fees. If the account is not charged an advisory fee by Palmer
Square, it will not receive a rebate of the Registered Fund’s fees. In addition, with respect to
investments in Palmer Square Funds that charge a management fee (other than Registered Funds),
Palmer Square will waive the advisory fee applicable to such investment.
Expenses Charged to Clients
Our fees are exclusive of various costs and expenses in connection with Palmer Square’s provision
of investment advisory services, including, but not limited to, organizational, custodial, brokerage,
audit, line of credit, legal, risk management, consulting, third party administration and research-
related fees, deferred sales charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire transfer and electronic
fund fees, and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions. In addition,
the Registered Funds charge various shareholder and operating fees and expenses which are
disclosed in each Registered Fund’s prospectus. To the extent a client invests in other unaffiliated
funds, such clients will bear their pro rata share of the fees (including any asset-based and
performance-based compensation) and expenses of such investment funds.
Direct and Indirect Expenses
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Expenses incurred directly by a client will be the responsibility of such client and may be paid
directly by the client or Palmer Square may pay the expenses directly out of its own account for
and on behalf of the client, and in such cases will be entitled to reimbursement from the applicable
client. Examples of allocable direct client expenses include, but are not limited to, the following:
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organizational expenses;
•
operating expenses, including brokerage commissions and other charges for
transactions in securities, other instruments and investments (including designated
investments);
•
escrow expenses;
•
borrowing charges on margin accounts, credit facility charges and the costs of other
indebtedness;
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insurance costs;
•
governmental charges;
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licensing costs;
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audit fees;
•
valuation expenses;
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financing and interest costs and expenses;
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custodial fees and expenses;
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administrative fees and expenses;
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reporting expenses;
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taxes;
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legal and accounting fees and other professional expenses such as consulting and
investment banking fees;
•
expenses associated with mailing and reproducing offering documents, any
amendments thereto and other communications with investors;
•
subject to the requirements of applicable law, expenses incurred in connection with
any threatened, pending or anticipated litigation, examination or proceeding;
•
all expenses incurred as a result of the client’s obligation to indemnify Palmer
Square, the administrator, their affiliates and certain other parties against losses,
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liabilities and expenses incurred in connection with the performance of their duties
on behalf of, or the provision of services to, the client;
•
all other expenses and liabilities incurred in connection with or arising out of the
client’s business, including extraordinary or non-recurring charges;
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expense related to any side pocket account (shall be charged only to the capital
accounts who participated in the side pocket account); and
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reimbursements due to Palmer Square for all such costs and expenses, if any, borne
by Palmer Square on behalf of the client.
Certain costs and expenses may be incurred for the benefit of, or be shared by, multiple clients
which may include clients which do not bear any responsibility for such costs and expenses. Such
shared expenses generally will be allocated across the applicable clients pro rata based on relative
assets under management or in such other manner as Palmer Square deems appropriate. Palmer
Square may directly bear the responsibility for the portion of such shared costs and expenses
otherwise allocable to clients which benefit from, but which are not directly responsible for, such
shared costs and expenses. For example, with respect to each Managed Account, Palmer Square
generally bears either all or a portion of the expenses allocated to the Managed Account, as detailed
in the governing documents for the account. In addition, the governing documents of the
Registered Funds do not permit Palmer Square to seek reimbursement for such expenses from the
client. Examples of allocable indirect client expenses include, but are not limited to, the following:
•
due diligence expenses, including reasonable travel expenses related to client
investments;
•
out-of-pocket expenses directly related to a current or prospective investment;
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research related expenses;
•
computer software and news and information services, including but not limited
to expenses relating to maintaining Bloomberg accounts, risk management
software;
•
expenses related to pricing services;
•
special investment opportunities such as private placement or limited availability
investments; and
•
consulting fees.
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Expenses Related to Affiliated Investments
In certain circumstances, Palmer Square causes clients to invest in other pooled investment
vehicles or accounts which are advised or managed by Palmer Square or an affiliate. The client
will pay its pro rata share of the expenses of any affiliated pooled investment vehicles or accounts
in which the client invests, if any. Please consult the applicable client’s governing documents or
related documents for more information on the expenses of investments for affiliated Palmer
Square products.
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Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Performance-Based Fees
As set forth in Item 5, Palmer Square and its affiliates receive performance-based compensation
from certain clients (i.e., performance allocation, performance fee or incentive collateral
management fee). With certain exceptions, each affiliate of Palmer Square that serves as general
partner, managing member or investment manager (or in a similar capacity) to a Private Fund and
as collateral manager (or in a similar capacity) to a CLO, CDO or Warehouse is entitled to
performance-based compensation from the applicable Palmer Square Fund. Performance-based
compensation arrangements create an incentive for Palmer Square (i) to recommend investments
that may be riskier or more speculative than those that might be recommended under a different
fee arrangement, such as a management fee only arrangement, and (ii) to dispose of investments
at a time and in a sequence that would generate the most performance-based compensation.
To the extent Palmer Square determines the fair value of assets, Palmer Square has a conflict of
interest as the calculation of the performance-based compensation will be based on such valuations.
Performance-based compensation incentivizes Palmer Square to overvalue assets in order to
increase the amount of its performance-based compensation. With respect to certain Private Funds,
all or a substantial portion of a Private Fund’s assets are valued in accordance with a proprietary
model developed by Palmer Square.
Similarly, the level of fees charged by Palmer Square varies from client to client. Differing fee
levels incentivize Palmer Square to dedicate increased resources and allocate more profitable
investment opportunities or best investment ideas to clients whose fee arrangements (asset-based
and/or or performance-based arrangements) are more profitable overal for Palmer Square.
As described below, Palmer Square has implemented procedures designed to mitigate these
conflicts from influencing the allocation of investment opportunities among clients.
Side-by-Side Management (Allocation Practices)
Certain clients are subject to significant potential and actual conflicts of interest with respect to
side-by-side management. Side-by-side management is the simultaneous management of multiple
accounts that follow the same or similar investment strategies. With respect to certain clients, the
conflicts with respect to side-by-side management present themselves both at the client level and
at the investor level. This conflict of interest is also present where Palmer Square investment
personnel provide services to Palmer Square BDC Advisor LLC, Palmer Square Europe and
Palmer Square Private Credit (each as defined in Item 10), to the extent that clients of Palmer
Square BDC Advisor LLC, Palmer Square Europe and/or Palmer Square Private Credit have
investment strategies that are similar to clients of Palmer Square.
It is Palmer Square’s policy to allocate, to the extent operationally and otherwise practicable,
investment opportunities to each client in a fair and equitable manner over time. To the extent the
portfolio managers deem a particular investment suitable for more than one of Palmer Square’s
clients, such investment will be allocated or apportioned by Palmer Square between (or among)
applicable clients to the extent the Firm determines it is practicable and advisable to do so. Palmer
Square recognizes that it may not always be possible (or consistent with the investment objectives
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of a client) for the same investment positions to be taken or liquidated at the same time or at the
same price as other of the Firm’s clients.
Palmer Square allocates investment opportunities among its discretionary clients, where
appropriate, on a basis that Palmer Square deems fair and equitable to each client over time,
generally pro rata referencing an appropriate metric or based on a pre-determined allocation
methodology. However, Palmer Square is not required to allocate on a pro rata basis if, in its
discretion, Palmer Square determines another manner would be fair and equitable on an overall
basis to all applicable clients under the circumstances, taking into account relevant characteristics
of each applicable client (in each case, both at the time of investment and on a prospective basis).
Such characteristics include, among other factors, cash position, lot size, amount of available
capital, investment strategy, risk profile, liquidity, current portfolio holdings, overall portfolio
composition, trading activity and tax and legal considerations, in each case relative to each
applicable client both at the time of the investment and on a prospective basis.
Moreover, Palmer Square may be limited in its ability (or may be unable) to allocate certain
investments, particularly with respect to private, unregistered or over-the-counter securities and
financial instruments, due to a variety of factors, including limited investment opportunity, legal,
regulatory, tax, trading, or counterparty-imposed or market-driven restrictions. As a result, a client
may not participate in any particular investment opportunity on an equal, on a pro rata basis with
other clients or at all. Moreover, there may be circumstances where an investment opportunity is
allocated to certain clients first in satisfaction of applicable risk retention requirements or other
legal or regulatory conditions. Moreover, non-discretionary clients may execute on an investment
recommendation of Palmer Square, if at all, on a different timetable, at different prices, and with
different restrictions from Palmer Square’s discretionary clients.
Palmer Square has addressed these conflicts through policies and procedures designed to ensure
each client is treated in a fair and equitable manner over time, including to account for the services
provided by Palmer Square personnel to Palmer Square BDC Advisor LLC, Palmer Square Europe
and Palmer Square Private Credit.
Please see Item 12 for additional information on Palmer Square’s trading practices.
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Item 7 – Types of Clients
Palmer Square provides investment advisory services to a broad range of client types, including
institutions, high net worth individuals, collective investment trusts, investment companies and
other pooled investment vehicles. Palmer Square and its affiliates serve as general partner,
managing member, investment manager, collateral manager, collateral servicer, or portfolio
manager to several types of investment vehicles, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and
other investment companies registered under the Company Act (Registered Funds), U.S. and non-
U.S. private investment funds structured as hedge funds and fund of hedge funds (Private Funds),
collective investment trusts (CITs), investment entities structured as collateralized loan obligations
(CLOs), investment entities structured as collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and investment
vehicles organized to hold loans on a short-term basis prior to the launch of a CLO or CDO
(Warehouses). Any applicable investment minimums for a Palmer Square Fund are described in the
corresponding organizational documents for the client. Investors in the Palmer Square Funds may
be required to meet various suitability requirements.
Palmer Square generally requires a minimum account size of $10 million with respect to any
Managed Account Client or Legacy Client, but may waive or raise the minimum in its discretion.
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Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
The following is a summary of the investment strategies and methods of analysis employed by
Palmer Square on behalf of clients. This summary should not be interpreted to limit in any way
Palmer Square’s investment activities. Palmer Square offers advisory services, provides advice
with respect to investment strategies and makes investments, including those that may not be
described in this Brochure, that Palmer Square considers appropriate, subject to each client’s
investment objectives and guidelines. Specific descriptions of such strategies and methods are
included in each client’s governing documents. In the case of Managed Accounts and Legacy
Clients, the investment objectives pursued on behalf of each Managed Account or Legacy Client
will be set forth in the advisory agreement between the client and Palmer Square or in other related
documents such as in investment guidelines. There can be no assurance that the investment
objectives of any client will be achieved.
Although it is impossible to predict the precise nature and consequences of these events (or
similar), or of any political or policy decisions and regulatory changes occasioned by emerging
events or uncertainty on applicable laws or regulations that impact us, our clients and their
investments, it is clear that these types of events are impacting and will, for at least some time,
continue to impact clients and borrowers and in many instances the impact will be adverse and
profound.
As a result, each of the risks discussed in Item 8 of this Brochure is subject to, and should be
considered in light of, the foregoing risks and uncertainties.
Methods of Analysis
In directly investing capital to achieve a particular client objective, Palmer Square employs a blend
of top-down and bottom-up analysis. The top-down approach generally consists of three
components: (1) macro analysis whereby the Adviser’s investment team undertakes frequent
dialogues regarding macro items including the economic outlook, financial and credit markets,
new and secondary issues, regulatory changes, M&A environment, and valuation levels; (2) cross-
asset relative value analysis which consists of analyzing the credit spectrum for strong relative
value opportunities (e.g., analysis of valuation metrics across loans, bonds, convertibles, CLOs,
CDOs, Warehouses and mortgage credits to identify and monitor optimal risk/reward
opportunities); and (3) active monitoring by the investment team of the major sectors within the
credit universe. With regard to the bottom-up approach, the investment team undertakes frequent
dialogue discussing key relevant analyses including items such as determining an issuer’s ability
to service debt, measuring past performance and understanding the approach of the manager team
and their ability to meet goals, deal structure model analysis, document analysis and other financial
modeling and scenario testing. Finally, the bottom-up approach includes trade refinement. For
example, within the credit spectrum, the team also seeks to evaluate many trade specifics
including, without limitation, liquidity, position size, upside/downside, and relative versus
absolute value.
Palmer Square believes that the ongoing monitoring of the portfolios is of paramount importance
to achieving a client’s investment objective. The Firm’s monitoring process focuses on many
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factors including meetings to review portfolio developments and market trends as well as security-
specific reviews.
As the collateral manager, collateral servicer and/or portfolio manager to the CLOs, CDOs and
Warehouses, Palmer Square selects the collateral obligations and eligible investments to be
acquired and sold by the client, monitors the collateral obligations and provides the client and the
client’s trustee, if applicable, certain information with respect to the composition and
characteristics of the collateral obligations, any disposition or tender of a collateral obligation, the
reinvestment of the proceeds of any such disposition in eligible investments and with respect to
the retention of the proceeds or any such disposition or the application thereof toward the purchase
of an additional collateral obligation. Palmer Square believes the investment process is designed
to support the investment objective by meeting certain priorities that include: select high quality,
high yield and liquid credits, minimize default risk, and optimize relative value. The process
includes, but is not limited to, top-down industry analysis, fundamental credit analysis, and an
approval process for buy and sell decisions.
With regard to allocating capital to outside managers (including to unaffiliated funds), Palmer
Square strives to construct a portfolio integrating market opportunity with carefully selected
managers. With regard to the top-down strategy allocation, based on current market conditions,
the Adviser decides which strategies we believe are the most promising. We prioritize on our view
of prospective (rather than historical) performance and volatility, and seek to identify attractive
investment environments for specific strategies and/or sectors. Insight provided by our outside
managers is generally incorporated in our investment outlook. With regard to the bottom-up
portion of our investment philosophy, Palmer Square generally believes in maintaining a
concentrated approach, thereby investing with what we believe to be relatively few managers.
Palmer Square will generally select and monitor underlying managers based on factors determined
in its sole and absolute discretion, including, without limitation, experience, performance track
record, ability to protect capital in adverse market environments, personal financial commitment,
prevalence of opportunities in their area of expertise, structure of organization, risk controls, risk
management process, communication and reporting transparency style. The ultimate allocation of
assets managed by Palmer Square is intended to manage the overall risk/return while optimizing
the ability to generate long-term capital appreciation. For our hedge fund of funds and sub-advisers
where we are selecting other managers, as described above, Palmer Square performs due diligence
in selecting and evaluating the managers, monitoring and overseeing them and their performance
and, if necessary, replacing them.
Finally, with regard to allocating capital for Legacy Clients, Palmer Square generally strives to
construct a portfolio that integrates market opportunities available by primarily using a potential
mix of Palmer Square’s various investment strategies. With regard to the strategy allocation, we
seek to identify attractive strategies with the aim of achieving the investment objective as detailed
in the Client’s investment management agreement.
Investment Strategies
Currently, the strategies described below are those that Palmer Square primarily employs directly
and/or are employed by the managers to which Palmer Square allocates client capital. Palmer
Square generally intends to invest opportunistically, therefore, retaining the right to continue to
develop and invest in additional strategies over time. Within certain investment strategies, Palmer
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Square employs exclusionary screens which seek to identify investments relating to companies
involved primarily in business activities that do not align with certain specific socially-conscious
investment criteria identified by relevant clients. Additional information regarding the
exclusionary screens is set forth in the governing documents of the client accounts employing such
screens. While the below list is not exhaustive and does not purport to be complete, assets of
Palmer Square’s clients will primarily be invested either directly by Palmer Square or allocated to
managers employing the following investment strategies:
Fixed Income, Long/Short Credit, and Distressed Debt Investing: Focuses on debt securities of
domestic and foreign and emerging market governments, government-related agencies, and
companies of all maturities and credit qualities including corporate bonds, convertible bonds, bank
loans and distressed debt. In addition, mortgage-backed securities, other mortgage-related
securities, CLOs, CDOs, Warehouses and other asset-backed securities of all credit qualities,
including lower-rated bonds, may also be used within the investment strategies. Investment
strategies within credit will generally involve a long-only strategy or long/short or event driven
style similar to those described below in “Long/Short Investing” and “Event Driven Investing.”
Strategies may involve the purchase of debt securities that are currently undervalued, out-of-favor,
have low credit ratings or are affected by other adverse factors (“Stressed or Distressed
Securities”). Stressed or Distressed Securities may include debt issued by companies undergoing
bankruptcy proceedings that are restructuring their capital structure outside of the court, or that
have experienced short-term credit problems. These strategies may include the purchase of
structured credit or bonds of companies with lower credit ratings and that have attractive
risk/reward characteristics due to, among other things, an anticipation of an upgrade in the bond’s
ratings, expectation that a reorganization will provide greater value, or other positive business
factors that are not yet reflected in their market value. Strategies employed may involve short
positions such as the use of credit default swaps, equities and the short sale of individual bonds to
hedge risk or profit from an anticipated decline in the price of a security. Derivatives may also be
used to hedge risk or position a portfolio to benefit from a decline in the price of a bond or other
security. Strategies may also employ leverage to increase returns.
Long/Short Investing: Employs long and short investing in primarily the capital structures of U.S.
and foreign issuers based on the perception of such securities being overvalued or undervalued.
This strategy attempts to neutralize exposure to general market risk by: (i) purchasing securities to
capitalize on a rising market through appreciation and (ii) taking a short position in other securities
to capitalize on potential market declines.
Event Driven Investing: Takes advantage of the impact of corporate events on the market value of
company securities. Corporate events include, but are not limited to, restructuring, mergers,
reorganizations, spin-offs, leveraged buyouts and material litigation. Companies experiencing
financial distress, and/or that have potential or threatened extraordinary liabilities, may also be
targeted. Event Driven Investing also includes structuring investment positions that benefit from
events such as debt restructuring and bankruptcies. All types of corporate equity and fixed income
securities and derivative positions may be used to implement this strategy such as common and
preferred stock, corporate debt securities including those that have high yields and credit ratings
below investment grade or “junk bonds,” convertible securities and options on equity and debt
securities.
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Opportunistic/Global Macro Investing: Employs long and short positions across various U.S. and
foreign markets, sectors and companies to benefit from those investments which have the highest
probability for success (long positions) and those that have the highest probability for decline
(short positions). Although a wide variety of securities may be utilized to implement this strategy,
typically, global macro investors target sovereign debt (e.g. government debt), equity indices,
currencies, interest rates, and commodity-related investments such as futures and options on
commodities, and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) that focus on gold and precious metals. Futures
and options are often used for hedging and alpha generation (risk-adjusted return) in order to
quickly position a portfolio to profit from changing markets.
Either directly or indirectly through a special purpose vehicle, Palmer Square may utilize
structured products to seek certain investment exposures. For example, a client may engage in total
return swaps to derive the economic benefit of owning an asset(s) without retaining legal
ownership of such asset. Finally, in connection with certain investments, Palmer Square may
employ hedging techniques designed to reduce the risk of adverse movements in interest rates,
securities prices and currency exchange rates.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves a risk of loss that you should be prepared to bear, including a
complete loss of your original principal. You should be aware that past performance of any security
is not necessarily indicative of future results. Therefore, you should not assume that future
performance of any specific investment or investment strategy will be profitable. We do not
provide any representation or guarantee that your goals will be achieved. Depending on the
different types of investments, there may be varying degrees of risk. The foregoing list of certain
risk factors does not purport to be a complete enumeration or explanation of the risks associated
with the investment services provided by Palmer Square. Prospective investors should read all
applicable organization documents and risk disclosures and consult with their own advisers before
investing. In addition, as the various Palmer Square Funds develop and change over time,
investments may be subject to additional and different risk factors. No assurance can be made that
profits will be achieved or that substantial losses will not be incurred, including a risk of complete
loss. The risks summarized below are qualified in their entirety by the disclosures in each
applicable client’s governing documents.
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Collateralized Debt Obligations & Collateralized Loan Obligations: Palmer
Square may invest in CLOs, CDOs, Warehouses and other related instruments. The
portfolio may consist of CLO equity, multi-sector CDO equity, trust preferred CDO
equity and CLO mezzanine debt. Such investments are subject to credit, liquidity
and interest rate risks. The CDO equity and other tranches purchased by Palmer
Square may be unrated or non-investment grade, which means that a greater
possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of an issuer or in general
economic conditions or both may impair the ability of the related issuer or obligor
to make payments of principal or interest. Such investments may be speculative. In
addition, as a holder of CDO equity, there are limited remedies available upon the
default of the CDO.
A downturn in the credit markets or other financial markets may occur at any time,
which could result in a deterioration in the financial condition of various obligors
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to a CDO or CLO, and any such downturn and deterioration could be severe.
Negative economic trends or volatility in economic conditions generally or in
particular financial and credit markets are likely to increase the number of non-
performing collateral obligations attributable to a related issuer, including loan and
bond defaults and delinquencies. There is a material possibility that economic
activity will be volatile or will slow significantly, and some obligors may be
significantly and negatively impacted by these negative economic trends. In
addition, negative economic trends would also increase the likelihood that major
financial institutions or other entities having a significant impact on the financial
and credit markets may suffer a bankruptcy or insolvency, as occurred during the
recession in the U.S. economy several years ago. The bankruptcy or insolvency of
any such entity may have an adverse effect on the related issuer and may trigger
future crises in the global credit markets and overall economy, which could have a
significant adverse effect on the issuer. For example, the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation has been appointed, and may continue to be appointed, as receiver of
certain banks to protect depositors following unexpected closures that resulted in
part due to severe capital and liquidity concerns. These developments and any other
anticipated disruptions in the banking industry could have a material adverse impact
on the value and liquidity of an issuer. The risks described may be precipitated or
exacerbated by geopolitical events, including, without limitation, wars, other
military conflicts, trade wars, sanctions, embargoes and other international
incidents.
In recent years, the CDO and CLO markets have at times contributed to and have
been adversely affected by a severe liquidity crisis in the global credit markets.
Recently, the financial markets have been experiencing substantial fluctuations in
prices for leveraged loans and limited liquidity for such instruments. No assurance
can be made that the conditions giving rise to such price fluctuations and limited
liquidity will not continue or become more acute. During periods of limited
liquidity and higher price volatility, an issuer’s ability to acquire or dispose of its
collateral obligations at a price and time that the issuer deems advantageous may
be severely impaired. As a result, in periods of rising market prices, an issuer may
be unable to participate in price increases fully to the extent that it is unable to
acquire desired positions quickly; and the issuer’s inability to dispose fully and
promptly of positions in declining markets will cause its net asset value to decline
and may exacerbate losses suffered by the issuer when its collateral obligations are
sold. Further, no market will exist for any CDO or CLO and the related issuer of
any such investment will be under no obligation to make a market.
In addition, certain obligors to a CDO or CLO may bear interest at floating rates.
To the extent interest rates increase, periodic interest obligations owed by the
related obligors will also increase. In response to recent persistent inflation in the
United States, the U.S. Federal Reserve’s Open Market Committee previously
effected several increases to its federal funds benchmark rate. Although recently
the U.S. Federal Reserve’s Open Market Committee has decreased its federal funds
benchmark rate, there is no certainty as to whether such decrease will result in lower
interest rates. Rapidly rising interest rates, to the extent coupled with such inflation,
can be expected to slow economic growth in the United States, pressuring corporate
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earnings and making it more difficult for obligors to make payments on their debt
and to refinance their debt as it matures, resulting in payment defaults and obligors
being less incentivized to cure delinquencies. Any of the foregoing may have a
material and adverse effect on an issuer’s ability to make payments and/or
distributions on a CDO or CLO. Conversely if interest rates decline, obligors may
refinance their collateral obligations at lower interest rates which could shorten the
average life of a CDO or CLO.
•
Concentration Risk: A strategy that concentrates its investments in a particular
sector of the market (such as traditional credit, structured credit and alternative
investments) may be affected by events that adversely affect that sector and the
value of a portfolio using such strategy may fluctuate more than that of a less
concentrated portfolio.
•
Counterparty Risk: The institutions (such as banks) and prime brokers with which
Palmer Square does business, or to which securities have been entrusted for
custodial purposes, could encounter financial difficulties. This could impair the
operational capabilities or the capital position of Palmer Square or create
unanticipated trading risks.
•
Credit Default Risk: The owner of a fixed income security may lose money if the
issuer is unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments or
to otherwise honor its payment obligations. Further, when an issuer suffers adverse
changes in its financial condition or credit rating, the price of its debt obligations
may decline and/or experience greater volatility. These adverse changes can also
affect the liquidity of an issuer’s debt securities and make them more difficult to
sell.
•
Debt Securities: Palmer Square may invest client capital in U.S. and non-U.S.
corporate and sovereign debt securities and instruments. Debt securities may be
subject to price volatility due to various factors including changes in interest rates,
market perceptions of the creditworthiness of an issuer, and general market
liquidity. Such instruments involve the fundamental credit risk that an issuer will
be unable to make principal and interest payments. Debt securities may be rated or
unrated, and whether or not rated may have speculative characteristics.
•
Exchange-Traded Funds: Because ETFs trade on a securities exchange, their shares
may trade at a premium or discount to their net asset value. An ETF is subject to
the risks of the assets in which it invests as well as those of the investment thesis it
follows. The strategy may incur brokerage costs when it buys and sells shares of an
ETF and also bears its proportionate share of the ETF’s fees and expenses, which
are passed through to ETF shareholders.
•
including companies
involved
Distressed/Bankruptcy Investing: Palmer Square may invest in unrated or
“distressed” securities, i.e., securities of companies that are experiencing significant
financial or business difficulties,
in debt
restructurings, in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings.
Palmer Square may also purchase financial instruments of companies that have low
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credit quality, and purchase securities and loans that are in default. Performance
may be substantially impaired by unsuccessful distressed or low credit investments.
•
Equity Securities and Equity Derivatives: Palmer Square may invest client capital
in equity securities and equity derivatives. The value of equity securities and equity
derivatives vary based upon the company’s performance and movements in the
broader equity markets. Numerous economic factors, as well as market sentiment,
political, and market-related factors, among others, influence the value of equities.
A portfolio may suffer losses if an equity instrument’s performance diverges from
expectations or if equity markets generally move in a single direction and Palmer
Square has not hedged against such a move.
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Eurozone Risk:
A number of countries in the European Union (“EU”) have experienced, and may
continue to experience, severe economic and financial difficulties. In particular,
many EU nations are susceptible to economic risks associated with high levels of
debt. As a result, financial markets in the EU have been subject to increased volatility
and declines in asset values and liquidity. Responses to these financial problems by
European governments, central banks, and others, including austerity measures and
reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest, and may limit future growth and
economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. The risk of investing in
securities in the European markets may also be heightened in the event one or more
countries abandon the euro and/or withdraw from the EU, placing its currency and
banking system in jeopardy. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in
a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching. Clients
may have exposure to European markets and may have exposure to transactions tied
to the value of the euro; such exposures could negatively affect the value and liquidity
of a client’s investments. All of these developments may continue to significantly
affect the economies of all EU countries, which in turn may have a material adverse
effect on a client’s investments in such countries, other countries that depend on EU
countries for significant amounts of trade or investment, or issuers with exposure to
debt issued by certain EU countries.
As a result of continued political tensions and armed conflicts, including the Russian
invasion of Ukraine in February of 2022, the U.S. has imposed sanctions on certain
Russian entities and individuals and certain sectors of Russia’s economy, which may
result in, among other things, the devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in
the country’s credit rating, and/or a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian
securities, property or interests. The U.S. and other nations or international
organizations may impose additional economic sanctions or take other actions that
may adversely affect Russia-exposed issuers and companies in various sectors of the
Russian economy and may increase volatility in the markets generally. Sanctions
could also result in Russia taking counter measures or retaliatory actions, which may
impair the value and liquidity of securities and/or disrupt financial markets globally.
•
Geopolitical Risks. Unexpected political, regulatory and diplomatic events within
the United States and abroad, such as the U.S.-China “trade war,” may affect
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investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and
the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. The current
political climate and the renewal or escalation of a trade wars between United States
and other countries may have an adverse effect on both the U.S. and such other
countries’ economies, including as the result of one country’s imposition of tariffs
on the other country’s products. For example, in February 2025, the United States
imposed additional tariffs on imports from China and announced and subsequently
paused (temporarily) implementation of tariffs on imports from Canada and
Mexico. These additional tariffs, as well as a government’s adoption of “buy
national” policies or retaliation by another government against such tariffs or
policies may introduce significant uncertainty into the market. At this time, it
remains unclear what additional actions, if any, will be taken by the United States
or other governments with respect to international trade agreements, the imposition
of additional tariffs on goods imported into the United States, tax policy related to
international commerce, increased export control, sanctions and investment
restrictions, or other trade matters. Events such as these and their impact on Palmer
Square’s clients are difficult to predict and further tariffs may be imposed or other
escalating actions may be taken in the future.
•
Event Risks: Global markets are interconnected, and events like hurricanes, floods,
earthquakes, forest fires and similar natural disturbances, war, terrorism or threats
of terrorism, civil disorder, public health crises, and similar “Act of God” events
have led, and may in the future lead, to increased short-term market volatility and
may have adverse long-term and wide-spread effects on world economies and
markets generally. Palmer Square may have exposure to countries and markets
impacted by such events, which could result in material losses.
•
Forward Contract Markets: Palmer Square may trade forward contracts (and
options on forward contracts). These securities are not traded on exchanges and are
individually negotiated and therefore can be highly illiquid. The principals in
forward contract markets are not required to continue to make such markets or to
continue to deal in forward contracts of all currencies and/or commodities. In
addition, forward contract markets are subject to significant disruptions, including
through the intervention of governmental authorities. Therefore, Palmer Square
may experience liquidity or other problems, and may incur substantial losses on
such investments.
•
Futures: Palmer Square may utilize futures contracts on a security of on an index
of securities. Futures positions may include both long and short positions. Because
of the low margin deposits normally required in futures trading, a high degree of
leverage is typical of a futures trading account. As a result, a relatively small price
movement in a futures contract may result in substantial losses and, like other
leveraged investments, any trade may result in losses in excess of the amount
invested.
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General Credit Risks: Palmer Square will seek to take advantage of opportunities
in the stressed and distressed credit arena and may be exposed to losses resulting
from default and foreclosure. Stressed and distressed credit assets may have large
23
uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions, and certain of them may
be considered to be predominantly speculative. Generally, such credit assets offer a
potentially higher return, but involve greater volatility of price and greater risk of
loss of income and investment.
•
High Yield (“Junk”) Bond Risk: High yield bonds are debt securities rated below
investment grade (often called “junk bonds”). Junk bonds are speculative, involve
greater risks of default, downgrade, or price declines and are more volatile and tend
to be less liquid than investment-grade securities. Companies issuing high yield
bonds are less financially strong, are more likely to encounter financial difficulties,
and are more vulnerable to adverse market events and negative sentiments than
companies with higher credit ratings.
•
Inflation Risk: Inflation, deflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had
in the past, and may in the future have, negative effects on economies and financial
markets. For example, wages and prices of inputs increase during periods of
inflation, which can negatively impact rates of returns on investments.
•
Interest Rate Risk: The value of investments may go down when interest rates rise.
A rise in rates tends to have a greater impact on the prices of longer term or duration
debt securities. Similarly, a rise in interest rates may also have a greater negative
impact on the value of equity securities whose issuers expect earnings further out
in the future. When interest rates fall, the issuers of debt obligations may prepay
principal more quickly than expected, and a client account may be required to
reinvest the proceeds at a lower interest rate. When interest rates rise, debt
obligations may be repaid more slowly than expected, and the value of the client
account’s holdings may fall sharply. A client may lose money if short-term or long-
term interest rates rise sharply or in a manner not anticipated by the Adviser.
•
investment opportunities
Investments in Undervalued Securities: Palmer Square may seek to invest in
undervalued securities. The
in
identification of
undervalued securities is a difficult task, and there are no assurances that such
opportunities will be successfully recognized or acquired. While investments in
the opportunities for above-average capital
undervalued securities offer
appreciation, these investments involve a high degree of financial risk and can result
in substantial losses.
•
Loan Participations: Palmer Square may invest in loan participations. A loan
participant has no contractual relationship with the borrower of the underlying loan.
As a result, the participant is generally dependent upon the lender to enforce its
rights and obligations under the loan agreement in the event of a default and may
not have the right to object to amendments or modifications of the terms of such
loan agreement. A participant in a syndicated loan generally does not have the
voting rights, which are retained by the lender. In addition, a loan participant is
subject to the credit risk of the lender as well as the borrower, since a loan
participant is dependent upon the lender to pay its percentage of payments of
principal and interest received on the underlying loan. Palmer Square will acquire
24
participations only if the seller of the participation is determined by Palmer Square
to be creditworthy.
•
Leverage: Leverage may generally be employed in the investments associated with
the investment advisory services provided by Palmer Square, including, without
limitation, through the use of borrowed funds and investments in options, such as
puts and calls, regulated futures contracts, warrants, credit default swaps and short
sales. If leverage is utilized with respect to a position, any losses would be more
pronounced than if leverage were not used, and a relatively small price movement
in a security or other financial instrument may result in immediate and substantial
losses.
•
Discontinuation of LIBOR and Adoption of SOFR: The U.S. Dollar London
Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), which was commonly used as a reference rate
within various financial contracts (any such rate, a “Reference Rate”), ceased being
published after June 30, 2023. In anticipation of the end of LIBOR, the United
States and other countries have worked to replace LIBOR with alternative
Reference Rates. The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) is the Reference
Rate recommended by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (the “ARRC”).
The ARRC and regulators have stated that any party choosing another Reference
Rate should do so carefully. Generally, the transition to alternative Reference Rates
may (i) cause the value of a Reference Rate to be uncertain or to be lower or more
volatile than it would otherwise be; (ii) result in uncertainty as to the functioning,
liquidity or value of certain financial contracts; (iii) involve actions of regulators or
rate administrators that adversely affect certain markets or specific financial
contracts; and (iv) impact the strategy, products, processes, legal positions and
information systems of market participants, including clients, their underlying
investments and their counterparties. Clients will be party to SOFR-based contracts,
and may be a party to contracts utilizing other alternative Reference Rates. Clients
should be aware that the market continues to develop in relation to SOFR as a
Reference Rate and as an alternative to LIBOR. In particular, market participants
and relevant working groups are exploring alternative Reference Rates based on
SOFR. The market or a significant part thereof may adopt an application of SOFR
that differs significantly from that referenced in a client’s underlying investment.
Considered in their entirety, the impacts of the discontinuation of LIBOR on
financial markets generally and on the specific financial contracts to which a client
is a party may adversely affect the performance of the applicable client account.
•
Liquidity: A portion of the investments that are made by Palmer Square can be less
liquid or lack liquidity. Certain of the Private Funds only allow investors to
withdraw assets at specified times (such as but not limited to, annually, semi-
annually or quarterly) and may have the right to suspend the payment of
withdrawals under certain circumstances. In many situations, Palmer Square may
invest in illiquid investments (including, without limitation, side pocket
investments and follow-up investments) which could result in significant loss in
value should they be forced to sell the illiquid investments as a result of rapidly
changing market conditions or as a result of margin calls or other factors. With
respect to Managed Account Clients and Legacy Clients, the Firm may be unable
25
to liquidate certain securities in the portfolio prior to the date of termination of the
investment management agreement.
•
Monetary Policy and Governmental Intervention: The U.S. Federal Reserve (the
“Federal Reserve”) and global central banks, including the European Central Bank,
have – in addition to other governmental actions to stabilize markets and manage
inflation risks – steadily increased interest rates. It cannot be predicted with
certainty when or how, these policies will change, but actions by the Federal
Reserve and other central bankers may have a significant effect on interest rates and
on the U.S. and world economies generally, which in turn may affect the
performance of the investments of clients. Further financial crises may result in
additional governmental intervention in the markets. In addition, the consequences
of the extensive changes to the regulation of various markets and market
participants contemplated by the legislation and increased regulation arising out of
the financial crisis are difficult to predict or measure with certainty.
•
Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities: Mortgage-backed and asset-
backed securities represent interests in “pools” of mortgages or other assets,
including consumer loans or receivables held in trust. Mortgage-backed securities
are subject to “prepayment risk” (the risk that borrowers will repay a loan more
quickly in periods of falling interest rates) and “extension risk” (the risk that
borrowers will repay a loan more slowly in periods of rising interest rates). If a
client invests in mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities that are subordinated
to other interests in the same pool, it may only receive payments after the pool’s
obligations to other investors have been satisfied. An unexpectedly high rate of
defaults on the assets held by a pool may limit substantially the pool’s ability to
make payments of principal or interest to a client, reducing the values of those
securities or in some cases rendering them worthless. The risk of such defaults is
generally higher in the case of mortgage pools that include so-called “subprime”
mortgages. A client’s investments in other asset-backed securities are subject to
risks similar to those associated with mortgage-backed securities, as well as
additional risks associated with the nature of the assets and the servicing of those
assets.
•
No Limitation on Investment Instruments: While certain clients may focus on
traditional credit, structured credit and alternative investments, generally speaking,
there is no limitation on the investment instruments in which a Palmer Square may
direct a client to may invest. New investment instruments are continually
developing and investment in such instruments may involve material and as of yet
unanticipated risks.
•
Non-U.S. Investments; Emerging Market Risk: Palmer Square may invest all or a
portion of its assets in non-U.S. securities and interests denominated in non-U.S.
currencies and/or traded outside of the United States, including emerging market
securities and interests. Such investments require consideration of certain risks not
typically associated with investing in securities traded in the United States or other
assets. Such risks include, among other things, unfavorable currency exchange rate
developments, restrictions on repatriation of investment income and capital,
26
imposition of exchange control regulation, confiscatory taxation, and economic or
political instability in foreign nations. In addition, there may be less publicly
available information about certain non-U.S. companies than would be the case for
comparable companies in the United States, and certain non-U.S. companies may
not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and
requirements comparable to or as uniform as those of U.S. companies.
•
Options: Palmer Square may utilize options in furtherance of their investment
strategies. Option positions may include both long positions, where Palmer Square
is the holder of put or call options, as well as short positions, where Palmer Square
is the seller (writer) of an option. Although option techniques can increase
investment return, they can also involve a higher level of risk compared with their
underlying securities.
•
Pandemic Risks: An outbreak of disease or similar public health threat, or fear of
such an event could have a material adverse impact on the performance of client
accounts. In addition, outbreaks of disease could result in increased government
restrictions and regulation, including quarantines, which could adversely affect the
firm’s operations. To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly and
negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply chains, impacted
labor markets and created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets.
The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial performance
of client accounts, including the firm’s ability to execute a client account’s
investment strategy in the expected time frame, will depend on future
developments, including the duration and spread of the pandemic and the impact of
the pandemic on local, national, and global financial markets, all of which are
uncertain and cannot be predicted. An extended period of global supply chain and
economic disruption could materially affect the performance of client accounts,
results of operations, access to sources of liquidity, and financial condition.
•
Prepayment Risk: When the issuer of a fixed income security has the right to prepay
principal, if it exercises that right earlier or at a higher rate than expected, an
investor may incur losses from being unable to recoup the initial investment and/or
from having to reinvest in lower-yielding securities. This can have an adverse effect
on income, total return and/or price of the security. Prepayment risk tends to be
highest in periods of declining interest rates. Asset-backed securities, including
mortgage-backed and commercial mortgage-backed securities, are subject to
greater prepayment risk than other types of fixed income securities.
•
Proprietary Investment Strategies: Palmer Square generally uses investment
strategies that are different than those typically employed by managers of traditional
portfolios of stocks and bonds and may involve significantly more risk and higher
transaction costs than more traditional investment methods. Additionally, it is
possible that the performance or the specific investments of Palmer Square may be
closely correlated to each other in some market conditions, resulting (if those
returns are negative) in significant losses.
27
•
Risks of Investing in Underlying Funds: Underlying funds to which Palmer Square
may allocate capital are organized as independent legal entities and may be subject
to lawsuits or proceedings by government entities or private parties. Additionally,
underlying funds pursuing certain strategies may be more prone to lawsuits in
connection with their investment activities than underlying funds pursuing
strategies where the likelihood of engaging in hostile investment activities is lower.
Expenses or liabilities of a client or an underlying fund arising from any such suit
would be borne by the client or the underlying fund.
•
Risk of Loss: Investments associated with the investment advisory services provided
by Palmer Square may be speculative and involve significant risk. The profitability
of an investment depends upon a correct assessment of the future price movements
of the securities, commodities and other financial instruments and the movement of
interest rates. These price movements may be volatile and are subject to numerous
factors which are neither within the control of nor predictable by Palmer Square.
There can be no assurance that Palmer Square will be successful in accurately
predicting price and interest rate movements. Accordingly, investors may incur
substantial losses on their investments, and it is possible that performance will
fluctuate substantially from period to period.
•
Short Sales: Palmer Square may sell securities short. Selling securities short risks
losing an amount greater than the proceeds received. Theoretically, securities sold
short are subject to unlimited risk of loss because there is no limit on the price that
a security may appreciate before the short position is closed. In addition, the supply
of securities that can be borrowed fluctuates from time to time. Palmer Square may
be subject to losses if a security lender demands return of the lent securities and an
alternative lending source cannot be found or if Palmer Square is otherwise unable
to borrow securities which are necessary to cover the position.
•
Systems Risk and Cybersecurity: Investment advisers, including Palmer Square,
rely extensively on computer programs and systems (and may rely on new systems
and technology in the future) for various purposes, including trading, clearing and
settling transactions, evaluating certain investments, monitoring its portfolio and
net capital and generating risk management and other reports that are critical to
oversight of a client’s activities. Certain of the clients’ and the Palmer Square’s
operations will be dependent upon systems operated by third parties, including
prime broker(s), custodians, administrators, market counterparties and their sub-
custodians and other service providers. The clients’ service providers may also
depend on information technology systems that may or may not be controlled by
them and, notwithstanding the diligence that the client may perform on its service
providers, the client may not be in a position to verify the risks or reliability of such
information technology systems.
Clients, Palmer Square, their affiliates and their service providers are subject to
risks associated with a breach in cybersecurity. Cybersecurity is a generic term used
to describe the technology, processes and practices designed to protect networks,
systems, computers, programs and data from both intentional cyber-attacks and
hacking by other computer users, as well as unintentional damage or interruption
28
that, in either case, can result in damage and disruption to hardware and software
systems, loss or corruption of data and/or misappropriation of confidential
information. For example, information and technology systems are vulnerable to
damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and
telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security
breaches, usage errors by their respective professionals, power outages and
catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes.
Such damage or interruptions to information technology systems may cause losses
to clients or limited partners, without limitation, by interfering with the processing
of transactions, affecting a client’s ability to conduct valuations or impeding or
sabotaging trading. Clients may also incur substantial costs as the result of a
cybersecurity breach, including those associated with forensic analysis of the origin
and scope of the breach, increased and upgraded cybersecurity, identity theft,
unauthorized use of proprietary information, litigation, adverse investor reaction,
the dissemination of confidential and proprietary information and reputational
damage. Any such breach could expose clients or Palmer Square (which in turn may
be indemnified by clients) to civil liability as well as regulatory inquiry and/or
action. Investors could also be exposed to losses resulting from unauthorized use of
their personal information. Similar types of cybersecurity risks also are present for
portfolio investments, which could affect their business and financial performance,
resulting in material adverse consequences for such issuers and causing a client’s
investment in such portfolio investments to lose value.
•
Valuation Risk: The sales price a client could receive for any particular portfolio
investment may differ from the client’s valuation of the investment, particularly for
securities that trade in thin or volatile markets or that are valued by Palmer Square
or the client using a fair value methodology. With respect to certain Private Funds,
all or a substantial portion of a Private Fund’s assets are valued in accordance with
a proprietary model developed by Palmer Square, which may not comply with U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Palmer Square has a conflict of interest
as its management fee and performance-based compensation will be based on such
valuations.
•
Selection and Monitoring of Sub-advisers and Other Third-Party Managers: There
is a risk that we will not identify in our selection process: an appropriate manager
for the asset class; existing weaknesses in a manager’s compliance or operational
infrastructure; or existing material regulatory, financial or other operational issues.
There is a risk that a manager will not meet our expectations from an investment
performance perspective over time; will develop significant weaknesses in their
compliance or operational infrastructure that could lead to a material adverse event;
or will develop material regulatory, financial or other operational issues.
When Palmer Square engages a manager, we are highly dependent upon their
investment expertise and abilities as they have day-to-day investment discretion
over the underlying portfolio assets. Therefore, there is a risk that an event having
a negative impact on a manager (such as a significant change in personnel, corporate
structure or resources) may adversely impact a client’s investment results.
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Palmer Square conducts due diligence in selecting, monitoring, and overseeing its
managers. However, due diligence is not foolproof and may not uncover problems
associated with a particular manager. For example, one or more of the managers
may engage in improper conduct (including unauthorized changes in investment
strategy) that may be harmful and may result in losses. We may rely upon
representations made by managers, accountants, attorneys, and/or other service
providers. If any of these representations are misleading, incomplete or false, this
may result in the selection of a manager that might otherwise have been eliminated
from consideration if fully accurate and complete information had been made
available to us. Even if our due diligence efforts are effective at ensuring that we
have a thorough understanding of a particular manager, our judgment about whether
a particular manager is able to perform in a manner that meets our expectations over
the long-term may be incorrect.
Although managers are generally subject to investment policies, strategies, and
guidelines, there can be no assurance that the manager will comply with these
policies, strategies, and guidelines. Failure to comply with the policies, strategies,
and guidelines could result in an unintended deviation in the investment strategy
and could result in losses.
•
Compensation Arrangements with the Managers: Managers to which Palmer
Square may allocate capital may be entitled to receive performance-based
compensation based on the performance of such manager’s portfolios. Such
compensation arrangements may create an incentive for the managers to make
investments that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case if such
arrangements were not in effect. In addition, because performance-based
compensation may be calculated on a basis which includes unrealized appreciation,
such performance-based compensation may be greater than if such compensation
were based solely on realized gains.
•
Possibility of Fraud and Other Misconduct: When Palmer Square allocates capital
to an underlying fund managed by a third party, Palmer Square does not have
custody of the underlying fund’s assets. Therefore, there is the risk that the
underlying fund or its custodian could divert or abscond with those assets, fail to
follow agreed upon investment strategies, provide false reports of operations, or
engage in other misconduct. Moreover, there can be no assurances that all
underlying funds will be operated in accordance with all applicable laws and that
assets entrusted to underlying funds will be protected.
•
learning
technology
Artificial Intelligence Risk: Recent technological advances in generative artificial
(collectively, “Artificial
intelligence and machine
Intelligence”) pose risks to Palmer Square and its clients. Artificial Intelligence is
a branch of computer science focused on creating systems capable of performing
tasks that typically require human intelligence; this includes, among other things,
methods for analyzing, modeling, and understanding language, as well as
developing algorithms that can be learned to perform various tasks. Palmer Square
could be exposed to the risks of Artificial Intelligence if third-party service
providers or any counterparties, whether or not known to Palmer Square, also use
30
Artificial Intelligence in their business activities. Palmer Square cannot control
third-party operations, product development, or service provision.
Artificial Intelligence is generally highly reliant on the collection and analysis of
large amounts of data, and it is not possible or practicable to incorporate all relevant
data into the model that Artificial Intelligence utilizes to operate. Certain data in
such models will inevitably contain a degree of inaccuracy and error — potentially
materially so — and could otherwise be inadequate or flawed, which would be
likely to degrade the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence. To the extent that
Palmer Square is exposed to the risks of Artificial Intelligence, any such
inaccuracies or errors could have adverse impacts on a client’s performance.
The foregoing list of risk factors does not purport to be a complete explanation of the risks involved
in Palmer Square’s advisory services. Investors should read the applicable offering materials,
prospectus, or similar account opening documents for such client, if any, in addition to consulting
with their own financial and tax advisers.
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Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
On September 21, 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued an order instituting
administrative and cease-and-desist proceedings, making certain findings and imposing
certain sanctions. The settled order provides that Palmer Square violated certain provisions of
the Investment Advisers Act and Investment Company Act in connection with certain cross
trading activity. Without admitting or denying the findings of the settled order, Palmer Square
consented to the entry of the order, was ordered to cease and desist from violating certain
provisions of the Investment Advisers Act and Investment Company Act, was censured and
agreed to pay a civil monetary penalty of $450,000.
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Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Palmer Square or its affiliates serve as the general partner, managing member or investment
manager (or in a similar capacity) for the Private Funds. Certain of our offshore Private Funds are
managed by a board of directors, which includes a principal of Palmer Square.
Certain employees of Palmer Square serve as officers for certain of the Registered Funds.
Subject to the requirements of applicable law, Palmer Square and/or a Palmer Square Fund may
enter into a distribution relationship with a selling agent, such as a broker-dealer, for the
solicitation of investment advisory clients and/or qualified investors for a Palmer Square Fund. The
distribution agreements generally require either Palmer Square or the Palmer Square Fund to pay a
portion of the fees earned by Palmer Square to the distributor. The distributor may charge a separate
asset-based distribution fee (i.e., sales load).
Certain employees of Palmer Square are registered representatives with Foreside Fund Services,
LLC (“Foreside”). As registered representatives, the employees are authorized to sell the
Registered Funds and certain Private Funds. Palmer Square is not affiliated with Foreside.
Principals, employees and affiliates of Palmer Square may hold significant investments in Palmer
Square Funds from time to time.
Palmer Square maintains certain exemptions from registration with the U.S. Commodity Futures
Trading Commission as a commodity pool operator with respect to certain of the Palmer Square
Funds that trade or are deemed to trade in commodity interests.
Palmer Square BDC Advisor LLC, is a related adviser of Palmer Square. Palmer Square BDC
Advisor LLC is majority owned and controlled by Palmer Square. Palmer Square BDC Advisor
LLC serves as investment adviser to a publicly-traded business development company (“Palmer
Square BDC”) which primarily lends to and invests in privately-held companies. Certain
employees of Palmer Square serve on the board of directors as interested directors and executive
officers for the Palmer Square BDC. Palmer Square has entered into a resource sharing agreement
with Palmer Square BDC Advisor LLC, pursuant to which Palmer Square provides Palmer Square
BDC Advisor LLC with access to the resources of Palmer Square, including the investment and
operations teams. Palmer Square maintains policies and procedures designed to manage and
monitor the conflicts of interest presented to Palmer Square and its clients in connection with the
provision of services to Palmer Square BDC Advisor LLC.
Palmer Square Europe Capital Management LLC (“Palmer Square Europe”), is a related adviser
of Palmer Square. Palmer Square Europe, through its Management Series, is majority owned and
controlled by Palmer Square. Palmer Square Europe serves as investment adviser to CLOs and
CLO Warehouses which primarily invest in loans. Palmer Square has entered into a shared services
agreement with Palmer Square Europe, pursuant to which Palmer Square provides Palmer Square
Europe with access to the resources of Palmer Square, including the investment and operations
teams. Palmer Square maintains policies and procedures designed to manage and monitor the
conflicts of interest presented to Palmer Square and its clients in connection with the provision of
services to Palmer Square Europe.
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Palmer Square Private Credit Management LLC (“Palmer Square Private Credit”), is a related
adviser of Palmer Square. Palmer Square Private Credit is majority owned and controlled by
Palmer Square. Palmer Square Private Credit serves as investment adviser to a private credit fund
(“Private Credit Fund”) which primarily lends to and invests in corporate debt securities of
companies, including small to large private U.S. companies. Palmer Square has entered into a
resource sharing agreement with Palmer Square Private Credit, pursuant to which Palmer Square
provides Palmer Square Private Credit with access to the resources of Palmer Square, including
the investment and operations teams. Palmer Square maintains policies and procedures designed
to manage and monitor the conflicts of interest presented to Palmer Square and its clients in
connection with the provision of services to Palmer Square Private Credit.
Palmer Square Real Estate Management LLC (“Palmer Square Real Estate”), is an affiliate of
Palmer Square. Palmer Square Real Estate is majority owned and controlled by Palmer Square
Management. Palmer Square Real Estate serves as manager to private investment vehicles that
primarily invest in direct real estate interests. Palmer Square has entered into a resource sharing
agreement with Palmer Square Real Estate, pursuant to which Palmer Square provides Palmer
Square Real Estate with access to the resources of Palmer Square, including the investment and
operations teams. Palmer Square maintains policies and procedures designed to manage and monitor
the conflicts of interest presented to Palmer Square and its clients in connection with the provision
of services to Palmer Square Real Estate.
Certain personnel of Palmer Square provide operational and administrative services to various
non-advisory business ventures associated with the principals of Palmer Square pursuant to a
resource sharing agreement.
Palmer Square and its principals and employees will devote as much of their time to the activities
of a particular client as they deem necessary and appropriate. Palmer Square and its affiliates are
not restricted from forming additional investment funds, from entering into other investment
advisory relationships, or from engaging in other business activities. These activities could be
viewed as creating a conflict of interest in that the time and effort of Palmer Square and its
principals and employees will not be devoted exclusively to the business of a particular client but
will be allocated between the clients.
Where appropriate, Palmer Square may recommend that clients such as Private Funds invest in
affiliated Palmer Square Funds that are ETFs. Palmer Square has an incentive to recommend the
affiliated ETFs over similar unaffiliated options as a result of various conflicts, including the
following:
•
Palmer Square receives fees for its management of the affiliated ETFs, in addition
to the fees earned with respect to the Private Funds that invest in the affiliated ETFs.
•
A Private Fund that invests in an affiliated ETF will pay the Private Fund’s pro rata
share of the expenses of the affiliated ETF, specifically including a pro rata share
of the fees paid to Palmer Square and its affiliates.
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Item 11 – Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
Code of Ethics
Palmer Square has adopted a code of ethics that sets forth the standards of conduct expected of its
supervised persons and requires compliance with applicable securities laws (“Code of Ethics”). In
accordance with Section 204A of the Advisers Act, the Code of Ethics contains written policies
reasonably designed to prevent the unlawful use of material non-public information by Palmer
Square or any of its supervised persons. The Code of Ethics also requires that certain of Palmer
Square’s personnel (“access persons”) report their personal securities holdings and transactions
and obtain pre-approval of certain investments such as equities, bonds, initial public offerings and
limited offerings. Palmer Square’s personnel registered with Foreside and their immediate families
are prohibited from participation in initial public offerings.
Provisions in the Code of Ethics and our compliance manual relate to the confidentiality of client
information, restrictions on the acceptance of significant gifts, the reporting of certain gifts and
business entertainment items, and personal securities trading procedures, among other things. Our
goal is to protect our clients’ interests at all times and to demonstrate our commitment to our
fiduciary duties of honesty, good faith, and fair dealing with clients. All our employees are
expected to adhere strictly to these guidelines and must acknowledge their obligation to comply
with the Code of Ethics annually.
If an access person is aware that the Firm is purchasing/selling or considering for purchase/sale
any security on behalf of a client, the access person may not directly or indirectly effect a
transaction in that security until the transaction is completed for all clients or until a decision has
been made not to purchase/sell such security on behalf of a client account. This does not include
transactions for accounts that are executed as part of a block trade within a managed strategy or
for accounts over which the access person has no direct or indirect influence or control. These
requirements are not applicable to: (i) direct obligations of the government of the United States;
(ii) money market instruments, bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial
paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments, including
repurchase agreements; (iii) shares issued by money market funds; and (iv) shares issued by other
mutual funds that are not advised or sub-advised by the Firm or its affiliates; and (v) shares issued
by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more mutual funds, none of which
are funds advised or sub-advised by the Firm or its affiliates.
No supervised person may trade, either personally or on behalf of others, while in the possession
of material, nonpublic information, nor may any personnel of Palmer Square communicate
material, nonpublic information to others in violation of the law. Furthermore, all access persons
are required to submit information to the Chief Compliance Officer detailing all outside business
activities. The Chief Compliance Officer will review and approve these activities on a case by case
basis.
Our clients or prospective clients may request a copy of our Code of Ethics by contacting us at
(816) 994-3200 or compliance@palmersquarecap.com.
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Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
A conflict of interest exists to the extent Palmer Square and/or its related persons invest in the same
securities that are recommended to clients. In order to address this conflict of interest, Palmer Square
has implemented certain policies and procedures in its Code of Ethics, as further described above.
As described above, Palmer Square serves as the manager to a variety of investment products.
Persons associated with our Firm may have significant investments in these products.
Palmer Square advises, and may organize or advise in the future, investment products that invest
in similar or different investments. The management of these clients may conflict in some
circumstances. This conflict of interest is also present where Palmer Square investment personnel
provide services to Palmer Square BDC Advisor LLC, Palmer Square Europe and Palmer Square
Private Credit, to the extent that clients of Palmer Square BDC Advisor LLC, Palmer Square
Europe and/or Palmer Square Private Credit have investment strategies that are similar to clients
of Palmer Square. For example, we may determine that an investment opportunity in a client is
appropriate for a particular client, but not for another. We may have different types of clients,
including Private Funds and Managed Accounts, and our clients may be subject to different
regulations. Clients may have different investment strategies, objectives and restrictions and may
be subject to different terms. These terms include, but are not limited to, the following: investor
lock-up periods, management and performance fees, liquidity terms, rights to receive information
regarding the portfolio and such other rights as may be negotiated by investors or other accounts.
As a result, in certain circumstances we have an incentive to favor one account over another when
making investment decisions.
It is anticipated that there will be instances when allocating investments among clients in which
some clients may participate in certain opportunities while other clients may not. Where accounts
have competing interests in a limited investment opportunity, we may not allocate investment
opportunities pro rata among clients but rather allocate investment opportunities on the basis of
numerous other considerations, including, without limitation, a client’s cash flows, investment
objectives and restrictions, participation in other opportunities, compliance with applicable laws,
and tax concerns as well as the relative size of different accounts’ same or comparable portfolio
holdings.
Taking into consideration the conflicts of interest disclosed above, it is important to note that it is
our policy to allocate, to the extent operationally and otherwise practical, investment opportunities
to each client on a fair and equitable basis over time relative to our other clients. In addition,
periodically, where permitted by applicable law, Palmer Square may effectuate cross trades
between or among client accounts. Please see Items 6 and 12 for more information on Palmer
Square’s trade allocation practices and policies and cross trade practices.
Palmer Square provides a variety of services for, and advice to, various clients, including issuers
of securities that Palmer Square may recommend for purchase or sale by clients. In the course of
providing these services, Palmer Square may come into possession of material, nonpublic
information which, if disclosed, might affect an investor’s decision to buy, sell or hold a security.
Under applicable law, Palmer Square may be prohibited from improperly disclosing or using such
information for their personal benefit or for the benefit of any other person, including Palmer
Square’s clients.
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Palmer Square may enter into non-disclosure agreements or come into possession of information
that restricts our ability to trade securities that are held by clients of different strategies. These
restrictions may have an adverse impact on one group of clients while benefiting another group.
In certain situations, Palmer Square will purchase different classes of securities of the same
company (e.g. senior debt, subordinated debt, and or equity) in different investment strategies
which can give rise to conflicts. For example, in a distressed restructuring of a company’s capital
structure, Palmer Square may advocate for the benefit of one class of security which may be
adverse to another security that is held by clients of a different strategy. Palmer Square seeks to
mitigate the impact of these conflicts on a case by case basis.
Where appropriate and permitted by applicable law, Palmer Square directs certain clients to invest
in other pooled investment vehicles or accounts which are advised or managed by Palmer Square
or its affiliates, including, without limitation, investments in ETFs, the equity and/or debt securities
of CLOs, CDOs, Warehouses and Private Funds that are advised, sponsored and/or otherwise
affiliated with Palmer Square or its affiliates. Generally, Palmer Square will waive or rebate
clients, as applicable, so such clients will not pay additional fees with respect to an investment in
such vehicles or accounts (although such fees or allocations may be paid or allocated, as applicable,
at the client level or at the affiliated pooled investment vehicle or account level); provided, that if
the underlying pooled investment vehicle is an ETF, investors in clients will pay fees payable to
Palmer Square or its affiliates at both the level of the client and the level of the ETF. This practice
creates a conflict of interest because Palmer Square does not receive fees from unaffiliated ETFs
and thus receives an additional layer of fees when affiliated ETFs are utilized. In addition, the
client will pay its pro rata share of the expenses of any affiliated pooled investment vehicles or
accounts in which the client invests. Notwithstanding the foregoing, certain client may be subject
to fees payable to Palmer Square for investments in other Palmer Square products. Please consult
the governing documents or other relevant offering materials for more information.
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Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
Selection of Broker-Dealers
When selecting broker-dealers and negotiating commission rates, Palmer Square seeks to obtain
best execution, taking into account all relevant factors, including without limitation:
• Price;
• Likelihood of execution;
• Likelihood of execution within a desired time frame;
• Market conditions;
• Ability of a counterparty to execute a desired security in desired volume;
• Ability of a counterparty to act on a confidential basis;
• Ability of a counterparty to act with minimum market effect;
• Creditworthiness of a counterparty in relation to risk created by the transaction;
• Willingness and ability of a counterparty to make a market in particular securities;
• Operational coordination by a counterparty with Palmer Square and custodians of the
Palmer Square’s clients, including ability to communicate, to settle trades reliably and to
quickly and effectively resolve differences;
• Counterparty’s reputation for ethical and trustworthy behavior;
• Client preferences/guidance for permissible counterparties;
• Use of automation by a counterparty;
• Willingness of a counterparty to commit capital to a particular transaction;
• The market knowledge of a counterparty; and
• Ability of a counterparty to execute difficult transactions in unique and/or complex
securities.
Accordingly, although the Firm will seek competitive rates, it may not necessarily obtain the
lowest possible commission rates for client transactions.
Palmer Square does not select or recommend brokers or dealers based on whether the broker or
dealer refers clients to Palmer Square.
Soft Dollar Practices
Palmer Square is authorized to pay higher prices for the purchase of securities from or accept lower
prices for the sale of securities to brokerage firms that provide it with investment and research
information or to pay higher commissions to such brokerage firms if Palmer Square determines
such prices or commissions are reasonable in relation to the overall services provided. Research
services furnished by brokers may include written information and analyses concerning specific
securities, companies or sectors; market, financial and economic studies and forecasts; statistics
and pricing or appraisal services; discussions with research personnel; and invitations to attend
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conferences or meetings with management or industry consultants. Palmer Square is not required
to weigh any of these factors equally. To the extent Palmer Square receives research services,
Palmer Square receives a benefit because it does not need to produce or otherwise pay for such
research services. Additionally, research services obtained from a broker could benefit all clients,
and not only those having brokerage transactions with such broker. Palmer Square’s selection of
brokers on the basis of considerations which are not limited to applicable commission rates may
at times result in Palmer Square’s clients being charged higher transaction costs than they could
otherwise obtain.
Receipt by an investment adviser of products and services provided by brokers, without any cash
payment by an investment adviser, based on the volume of brokerage commission revenues
generated from securities transactions executed through those brokers on behalf of the investment
adviser’s clients is commonly referred to as “soft dollars.” Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), provides a “safe harbor” to investment advisers
with respect to potential liability for violating their duty to obtain best execution for a client’s
securities transactions in circumstances in which such advisers use soft dollars generated by their
advised accounts only for purposes of obtaining investment research and brokerage services (i)
that provide lawful and appropriate assistance to the investment adviser in the performance of
investment decision making responsibilities and (ii) where the commissions paid are reasonable in
relation to the value of the services provided.
Palmer Square does not currently have any formal soft dollar arrangements. Palmer Square is not
required to allocate either a stated dollar or stated percentage of its brokerage business to any
broker for any minimum time period, and will review such relationships from time to time.
Directed Brokerage
A Managed Account Client or Legacy Client may direct Palmer Square in writing to use a
particular broker-dealer to execute some or all transactions for the client (“Directed Brokerage”).
In that case, the client will negotiate terms and arrangements for the account with that broker-
dealer, and Palmer Square will not seek best execution from other broker-dealers. As a result of
the Directed Brokerage, the client may pay higher commissions or other transaction costs or
greater spreads, or receive less favorable net prices, on transactions for the account than would
otherwise be the case. Where the client has Directed Brokerage that would result in additional
operational difficulties, Palmer Square may determine to terminate the investment advisory
relationship.
Cross Trades
From time to time, where permitted by applicable law, Palmer Square may determine that a sale
of positions from one client to another is in the best interests of both clients. This may arise, for
example, if one client is being wholly or partially liquidated to fund withdrawals, while another
client has cash available for investment. Palmer Square and its affiliates will not receive
commissions or otherwise profit from such cross trades, and Palmer Square’s compliance officer
or designee will be required to approve all cross trades in advance and in accordance with
applicable law.
39
In the context of a Private Fund, Palmer Square may appoint an independent representative of the
Private Fund or one or more investors to an investor committee to consent on behalf of the Private
Fund to a rebalancing transaction or other transactions in which participating accounts may have
divergent interests. Any consent given by the independent representative or investor committee on
behalf of a Private Fund would be binding upon all investors in such Private Fund. The Private
Fund may agree to reimburse any such representatives or investor committee members for their
reasonable out-of-pocket expenses and to indemnify them to the maximum extent permitted by
law and the governing documents of the Private Fund.
Allocation of Orders and Aggregation
It is Palmer Square’s policy to allocate, to the extent operationally and otherwise practicable,
investment opportunities to each client in a fair and equitable manner over time. To the extent the
portfolio managers deem a particular investment suitable for more than one of Palmer Square’s
clients, such investment will be allocated or apportioned by Palmer Square between (or among)
applicable clients to the extent the Firm determines it is practicable and advisable to do so. Palmer
Square recognizes that it may not always be possible (or consistent with the investment objectives
of a client) for the same investment positions to be taken or liquidated at the same time or at the
same price as other of the Firm’s clients.
Palmer Square allocates investment opportunities among its discretionary clients, where
appropriate, on a basis that Palmer Square deems fair and equitable to each client over time,
generally pro rata referencing an appropriate metric or based on a pre-determined allocation
methodology. However, Palmer Square is not required to allocate on a pro rata basis if, in its
discretion, Palmer Square determines another manner would be fair and equitable on an overall
basis to all applicable clients under the circumstances, taking into account relevant characteristics
of each applicable client (in each case, both at the time of investment and on a prospective basis).
Such characteristics include, among other factors, cash position, lot size, amount of available
capital, investment strategy, risk profile, liquidity, current portfolio holdings, overall portfolio
composition, trading activity and tax and legal considerations, in each case relative to each
applicable client both at the time of the investment and on a prospective basis.
Special Allocation Considerations
•
As noted above, allocations may not be made pro rata due to investor subscription
and redemptions or for other reasons.
•
Simultaneous identical portfolio transactions for Palmer Square’s clients may
decrease the prices received, or increase the prices required to be paid, by each
client for its portfolio sales and purchases.
•
Palmer Square may be limited in its ability (or may be unable) to allocate certain
investments, particularly with respect to over-the-counter instruments or private or
unregistered securities, due to a variety of factors, including legal, regulatory, tax,
trading or other contractual restrictions or counterparty-imposed or market-driven
trading limitations (e.g. lot sizes), as may be applicable to one or more clients.
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•
Palmer Square may be restricted in its ability to allocate transactions involving
simultaneous or related investments in the same portfolio company in the context
of investment transactions involving the Palmer Square BDC and other funds or
accounts managed by Palmer Square or its affiliate.
•
If deemed appropriate by Palmer Square in any given circumstance, including for
administrative convenience or efficiency, the allocation of a particular investment
between (or among) clients may be rounded. Non-pro rata allocations or deviations
from pre-determined allocations are permitted in the interest of placing round lots
in client accounts.
•
Allocations may be unable to be made, in whole or in part, to certain clients in light
of legal restrictions or other limitations on the investment mandate applicable to the
client’s outstanding investment interests, such as, for example, securities laws
restrictions (e.g., inability to participate in Rule 144A transactions), requirements
in respect of “socially responsible” investment funds, entities, vehicles, share
classes or other investment interests or managed funds or contractual restrictions in
respect of managed accounts.
•
Trades will be allocated on a fair and equitable basis among clients without
preference based on client performance or fee structure.
Palmer Square may be limited in its ability (or may be unable) to allocate certain investments,
particularly with respect to private, unregistered or over-the-counter securities and financial
instruments, due to a variety of factors, including limited investment opportunity, legal, regulatory,
tax, trading, or counterparty-imposed or market-driven restrictions. As a result, a client may not
participate in any particular investment opportunity on an equal, on a pro rata basis with other
clients or at all. Moreover, there may be circumstances where an investment opportunity is
allocated to certain clients first in satisfaction of applicable risk retention requirements or other
legal or regulatory conditions. Moreover, non-discretionary clients may execute on an investment
recommendation of Palmer Square, if at all, on a different timetable, at different prices, and with
different restrictions from Palmer Square’s discretionary clients.
Palmer Square may seek to contemporaneously purchase or sell the same investment for multiple
clients. In those circumstances, the Firm may aggregate client trade orders for execution purposes
where it believes aggregation is practical and in the best interest of all applicable clients. The
aggregation of client trade orders does not ordinarily adversely affect commissions charged and
execution prices, and in many cases results in reduced cost and more efficient and favorable
execution. Although the aggregation of trade orders is generally expected to benefit Palmer
Square’s clients overall, aggregation may, in any circumstance, disadvantage a particular client.
There may be circumstances where the Firm determines not to aggregate client trade orders which
otherwise could have been aggregated or where aggregation is not feasible. All clients participating
in a block trade generally will receive the average price and pay a proportional share of any
commission and other transactions costs, subject to minimum ticket charges.
Palmer Square maintains policies and procedures covering its brokerage practices designed to
ensure each client is treated in a fair and equitable manner, including to account for the services
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provided by Palmer Square personnel to Palmer Square BDC Advisor LLC, Palmer Square Europe
and Palmer Square Private Credit.
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Item 13 – Review of Accounts
Periodic Account Review
Palmer Square monitors the portfolios of its clients regularly as part of an ongoing process.
Investment reviews and decision-making are performed by Palmer Square’s investment staff,
including portfolio managers. Underlying funds held by a client are systematically monitored and
reviewed by investment personnel of Palmer Square on a regular basis or more frequently as
deemed necessary by the investment staff.
Client Reports
Unless otherwise agreed, clients are provided with transaction confirmation notices and monthly
account statements directly from either the third party custodian or administrator, depending on
the type of client account.
Investors in a client managed by Palmer Square for which Palmer Square is deemed to have
custody are provided with monthly or quarterly statements from the third party custodian and/or
administrator. Each investor in a Private Fund is also provided with audited financial statements
on an annual basis. Palmer Square may provide additional information by special agreement with
investors.
With the exception of negotiated arrangements and any regulatory filings, Palmer Square generally
is not permitted to disclose a Registered Fund’s positions to investors on an ongoing basis in an
effort to protect the confidentiality of its positions. Further, a fund may not disclose its investment
positions in the annual financial statements if it is determined that such confidentiality is desirable
and permissible.
Prospective investors in any one or more of the various funds should refer to the appropriate
offering and organizational documents for more information on the reports provided to clients.
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Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
In the future we may enter into referral arrangements whereby we pay solicitors/introducers a
referral fee in accordance with the requirements of applicable law. Any such referral fee shall be
paid solely from the fees earned by Palmer Square and shall not result in any additional charge to
the client. The payment of referral fees creates an incentive for a solicitor to recommend Palmer
Square over another adviser that does not pay referral fees.
As discussed above in Item 10, Palmer Square, at its own expense, pays Foreside, a registered
broker-dealer, a fee for certain distribution related services for the Registered Funds and certain
Private Funds. Certain Palmer Square personnel serve as registered representatives of Foreside to
facilitate the distribution of such Registered Funds and such Private Funds.
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Item 15 – Custody
Except as provided below, Palmer Square will not maintain possession or custody of the funds or
securities in a client’s account. A qualified custodian will maintain a client’s assets and will
provide clients with periodic account statements and performance reports. The clients’ custodians
maintain the client account’s official records. Information in any Palmer Square account
statements may differ from the custody statements based on various items, such as accounting
procedures, reporting dates, or valuation methodologies of certain securities, clients should
carefully read these reports and compare any reports received from Palmer Square against reports
received from the qualified custodian.
With respect to the Private Funds, Palmer Square is deemed to have custody by virtue of its status
as the general partner, managing member or investment manager or a related party of the general
partner/managing member/investment manager. Except with respect to certain uncertificated
securities, Palmer Square maintains the assets of the Private Funds in accounts with a “qualified
custodian” pursuant to Rule 206(4)-2 under the Advisers Act and provides investors the qualified
custodian’s name, address and the manner in which the assets are maintained promptly when the
account is opened and following any changes to this information. The actual assets (stocks, bonds,
etc.) for each of the Private Funds invested with underlying managers are held by the custodian or
prime broker chosen by each of the underlying funds. To ensure compliance with Rule 206(4)-2,
Palmer Square has taken reasonable steps to ensure that all investors in the Private Funds, for
which it is deemed to have custody, are provided with audited financial statements, prepared by
an independent accounting firm that is registered with and subject to review by the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board, in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles, within 120 days or 180 days of the end of the Private Fund’s fiscal year. Investors
should carefully review the audited financial statements of the Private Fund upon receipt.
For certain Managed Account Clients and Legacy Clients, Palmer Square is deemed to have
custody of client funds and securities under Rule 206(4)-2 due to its ability to deduct fees directly
from client accounts. For Managed Account Clients and Legacy Clients who invest directly with
underlying funds chosen by Palmer Square, the actual assets (stocks, bonds, etc.) reside with the
custodian or prime broker chosen by those underlying funds. Each of the Managed Account Clients
and Legacy Clients will receive, at least quarterly, an account statement directly from the custodian
and/or the underlying fund’s administrator depending on the type of fund in which the client is
invested, if applicable.
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Item 16 – Investment Discretion
Palmer Square generally has full discretionary authority for its clients. Such discretion is to be
exercised in a manner consistent with the stated investment objectives for the particular client.
Details of the relationship between Palmer Square and the client, as well as investment objectives,
guidelines, and restrictions, are outlined in each client’s respective offering materials, prospectus,
or similar account opening documents. When selecting investments and determining amounts, we
observe the investment policies, limitations and restrictions of the clients for which we advise.
With regard to Managed Account Clients and Legacy Clients, Palmer Square customarily receives
discretionary authority from the client at the outset of an advisory relationship to select the
investments to be bought and sold through its investment management agreement and/or to invest
in said securities. In all cases, however, such discretion is to be exercised in a manner consistent
with the stated investment objectives for the particular client account.
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Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
Where Palmer Square accepts responsibility to vote proxies, or in the case of an employee benefit
plan, as defined by ERISA, where such responsibility has been properly delegated to, and assumed
by, Palmer Square, the Adviser will only cast proxy votes in a manner consistent with the best
interest of its clients or, to the extent applicable, their beneficiaries. In the event that Palmer Square
is accorded the right to vote proxies for a client, Palmer Square will delegate the responsibility to
review proxy proposals and make voting recommendations to Palmer Square to a non-affiliated
third party vendor. Proxies will be voted consistent with the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
summarized below in this Item 17.
Palmer Square will vote proxies for the Palmer Square Funds (exclusive of the CLOs, CDOs and
Warehouses, which generally do not vote proxies) in accordance with the Proxy Voting Policies
and Procedures summarized below in this Item 17. If applicable, Palmer Square delegates proxy
voting authority to a fund’s sub-adviser.
Certain of the Private Funds are funds of funds that invest in underlying portfolio funds but do not
invest directly in securities of operating companies. As a result, the most common scenario for
these Private Funds would be that Palmer Square is requested to vote a proxy where it relates to a
limited partnership interest, limited liability membership interest, share or similar equity interest
in a portfolio fund in which one of the Palmer Square Private Funds invests. For the Private Funds
structured as funds of funds, the underlying managers of the various funds do not typically convey
traditional voting rights to the holders and the occurrence of corporate governance or other notices
for this type of investment is substantially less than that encountered in connection with registered
equity securities. If we are accorded voting or consent rights by virtue of any investment, we will
be guided by general fiduciary principles and such voting or consent rights will be exercised by us
in a manner believed to be in the best interests of clients and consistent with efforts to achieve a
client’s stated objective, including maximizing portfolio value.
Plans managed by Palmer Square governed by ERISA shall be administered consistent with the
terms of the governing plan documents and applicable provisions of ERISA. In cases where the
Firm has been delegated sole proxy voting discretion, these policies and procedures will be
followed subject to the fiduciary responsibility standards of ERISA.
We are subject to conflicts of interest in the voting of proxies due to business or personal
relationships we maintain with persons having an interest in the outcome of certain votes. For
example, we may provide services to accounts owned or controlled by companies whose
management is soliciting proxies. Palmer Square, along with any affiliates and/or associates, has
business or personal relationships with other proponents of proxy proposals, participants in proxy
contests, corporate directors, or candidates for directorships. If it is determined that a conflict or
potential conflict exists between our interests and those of our clients, we may vote proxies
notwithstanding the existence of the conflict. If it is determined that a conflict of interest or
potential conflict of interest is material, our Chief Compliance Officer, or appropriate designee,
will work with appropriate personnel to agree upon a method to resolve such conflict before voting
proxies affected by the conflict.
47
Absent special circumstances, which are fully described in our Proxy Voting Policies and
Procedures, all proxies will be voted consistent with guidelines established and described in our
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures, as they may be amended from time-to-time. A summary
of our Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures is as follows:
•
Upon opening an account with Palmer Square, clients are given the option to
delegate proxy-voting discretion to Palmer Square by completing the appropriate
documents. Palmer Square will only exercise proxy-voting discretion over client
shares in the instances where clients give Palmer Square discretionary authority to
vote on their behalf.
•
It is Palmer Square’s policy to vote client shares primarily in conformity with Glass
Lewis & Co. recommendations, in order to limit conflict of interest issues between
Palmer Square and its clients. Glass Lewis & Co. and Palmer Square retain a record
of all recommendations.
•
Glass Lewis & Co. is a neutral third party that issues recommendations based upon
its own internal guidelines.
•
Palmer Square conducts a periodic review of Glass Lewis & Co to assess the firm’s
capacity and competency to serve as a proxy advisor.
•
Palmer Square may vote client shares inconsistent with Glass Lewis & Co.
recommendations if Palmer Square believes it is in the best interest of its clients. In
such a case, Palmer Square will have on file a written disclosure detailing why they
believe Glass Lewis & Co.’s recommendation was not in the client’s best interest.
•
In situations where there is a conflict of interest in the voting of proxies due to
business or personal relationships that Palmer Square maintains with persons
having an interest in the outcome of certain votes, Palmer Square will take
appropriate steps to ensure that its proxy voting decisions are made in the best
interest of its clients.
•
Palmer Square votes client shares via ProxyEdge, an electronic voting platform
provided by Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. Additionally, ProxyEdge retains
a record of proxy votes for each client.
•
Annually, Palmer Square will file Form N-PX with the SEC, which will contain
each Registered Fund’s complete proxy voting record.
•
Palmer Square’s Compliance Department will periodically review all proxy votes
to ensure consistency with its procedures.
•
Palmer Square conducts a periodic review of Glass Lewis & Co. to assess the firm’s
capacity and competency to serve as a proxy advisor.
•
Upon request, clients can receive a copy of Palmer Square’s proxy voting
procedures and Glass Lewis & Co.’s proxy voting guidelines.
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If you have any questions or would like a copy of Palmer Square’s proxy voting procedures, Glass
Lewis & Co.’s proxy voting guidelines and/or a record of how your shares were voted, please
contact Palmer Square’s Chief Compliance Officer at (816) 994-3200.
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Item 18 – Financial Information
As of the date of this Brochure, the Firm has nothing to report.
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Palmer Square Capital Management LLC Privacy Policy
FACTS
WHAT DOES PALMER SQUARE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC
DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?
WHY?
Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to
limit some but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your
personal information. Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do.
What?
The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or service you have with us. This
information can include:
Name; Social Security number; Address; Assets; Income; Account Balances; Account
Transactions; Transaction History; Transaction or Loss History; Investment Experience; Risk
Tolerance; Retirement Assets; Checking Account Information; Employment Information; Wire
Transfer Instructions.
If you decide at some point to either terminate our services or become an inactive customer, we will continue to
adhere to our privacy policy, as may be amended from time to time.
How?
All financial companies need to share clients’ personal information to run their everyday business. In the section
below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their clients’ personal information; the reasons Palmer
Square Capital Management LLC (“Palmer Square”) chooses to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.
Reasons we can share your personal information
Does Palmer Square Capital Management LLC
share?
Can you limit this
sharing?
No.
For our everyday business purposes—
such as to process your transactions, maintain your
account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations,
or report to credit bureaus
Yes. Palmer Square may share personal
information described above for business
purposes with a non-affiliated third party if the
entity is under contract to perform transaction
processing or servicing on behalf of Palmer
Square and otherwise as permitted by law. Any
such contract entered by Palmer Square will
include provisions designed to ensure that the
third party will uphold and maintain privacy
standards when handling personal information.
Palmer Square may also disclose personal
information to regulatory authorities as required
by applicable law.
No.
We don’t share.
For our marketing purposes—to offer our products and
services to you
No.
We don’t share.
For joint marketing with other financial companies
No.
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes—
information about your transactions and experiences
Yes. Palmer Square shares personal information
with affiliates as permitted by law.
No.
We don’t share.
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes—
information about your creditworthiness
No.
We don’t share.
For nonaffiliates to market to you
QUESTIONS? Call (816) 994-3200 or email compliance@palmersquarecap.com
Palmer Square Capital Management LLC
Who is providing this notice?
To protect your nonpublic personal information from unauthorized access and use,
we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include
How does Palmer Square Capital
Management LLC protect my personal
computer safeguards and secured files and buildings.
information?
Palmer Square limits access to personal information to individuals who need to
know that information in order to service your account.
We collect your personal information, for example, when you
How does Palmer Square Capital
Management LLC collect my personal
information?
Complete account paperwork; Seek advice about your investments; Direct us
to buy securities; Direct us to sell your securities; Enter into an investment
advisory contract; Give us your contact information.
We also may collect your personal information from others, such as credit
bureaus, affiliates, or other companies.
Federal law gives you the right to limit only
Why can’t I limit all sharing?
sharing for affiliates’ everyday business purposes—information about your
creditworthiness
affiliates from using your information to market to you
sharing for non-affiliates to market to you
State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing.
Affiliates
Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and
nonfinancial companies.
Palmer Square may share personal information described above for business
purposes as permitted by law with our affiliates. Our affiliates include financial
companies such as investment advisers. Palmer Square does not share nonpublic
information with affiliates so that they can market their services or products to you.
Non-affiliates
Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and
non-financial companies.
Palmer Square may share personal information described above for business
purposes with non-affiliated third parties performing transaction processing or
servicing on behalf of Palmer Square and otherwise as permitted by law. Such
companies may include broker-dealers, banks, investment advisers, mutual
fund companies and insurance companies. Palmer Square may also share
personal information with parties who provide technical support for our
hardware and software systems and our legal and accounting professionals.
Palmer Square does not share with non-affiliates so that they can market their
services or products to you.
Joint marketing
A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that together market
financial products or services to you.
Palmer Square does not jointly market with nonaffiliated financial companies.