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Legacy Knight MFO, LLC
Part 2A of Form ADV
Firm Brochure
2825 Oak Lawn Ave., Suite 190322
Dallas, Texas 75219
https://www.legacyknight.com
March 2025
ITEM 1: COVER PAGE
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Legacy
Knight MFO, LLC ("Legacy Knight" or the “Firm”) Information provided herein is provided in
response to instructions and guidance issued in connection with Form ADV Part 2A. You should
refer to those materials, including defined terms used therein, in reviewing this brochure. If you
have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (972) 327-5000. The
information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission (the "SEC") or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Legacy Knight is also available on the SEC's website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. An investment adviser's registration with the SEC does not imply a
certain level of skill or training.
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Important Note About This Brochure
This Brochure is not:
•
an offer or agreement to provide advisory services to any person;
•
an offer to sell interests or a solicitation of an offer to purchase interests in any investment
product or vehicle advised by Legacy Knight;
•
a complete discussion of the features, risks or conflicts associated with any account advised by
Legacy Knight; or
As required by the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), Legacy Knight
provides this Brochure to current and prospective clients and may also, in its discretion, provide this
Brochure.
Persons who receive this Brochure (whether or not from Legacy Knight) should be aware that it is designed
solely to provide information about Legacy Knight as necessary to respond to certain disclosure obligations
under the Advisers Act. Therefore, the information in this Brochure may differ from information provided
in the materials that govern an account or investor relationship such as an advisory contract or a private
fund’s governing documents.
In no event should this Brochure be considered to be an offer of, or agreement to provide, advisory
services directly to any recipient.
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ITEM 2. MATERIAL CHANGES
Following is a summary of the material changes made to the annual amendment to this brochure filed on
March 31, 2024:
• We updated regulatory assets under management and assets under advisement as of December 31,
•
2024. See Item 4, Advisory Business.
January 2025, Brad Martin, Chief Financial Officer replaced David Sawyer as Chief Compliance
Officer.
The information set forth in this brochure is qualified in its entirety by the applicable offering and/or
governing documents. In the event of a conflict between the information set forth in this brochure and the
information in the applicable offering and/or governing documents, such documents will control.
We encourage all clients and investors to carefully review this document in its entirety.
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ITEM 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM 2. MATERIAL CHANGES ..............................................................................................3
ITEM 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................................4
ITEM 4. ADVISORY BUSINESS ..............................................................................................5
ITEM 5. FEES AND COMPENSATION ....................................................................................9
ITEM 6. PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT ............... 12
ITEM 7. TYPES OF CLIENTS ................................................................................................. 13
ITEM 8. METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS . 14
ITEM 9. DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ............................................................................. 26
ITEM 10. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS ................ 27
ITEM 11. CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING .................................................................... 28
ITEM 12. BROKERAGE PRACTICES .................................................................................... 29
ITEM 13. REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS ....................................................................................... 30
ITEM 14. CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION ....................................... 31
ITEM 15. CUSTODY ............................................................................................................... 32
ITEM 16. INVESTMENT DISCRETION ................................................................................. 33
ITEM 17. VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ............................................................................. 34
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL INFORMATION ................................................................................. 35
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ITEM 4. ADVISORY BUSINESS
Legacy Knight is an independent family office serving multiple high-net-worth families — the
principals of which are most often extraordinary business owners and entrepreneurs whose success
has enabled them to amass great wealth. Led by family-office experts with deep experience
supporting some of the most prominent family names in Texas, Legacy Knight represents a new
generation of the family office model. Our vast network of unique investment opportunities, an
exceptional qualification process and a range of high-touch, hands-on services enable us to present
bespoke strategies that meet our clients’ individual needs. Unrestrained by institutionalized
thinking, corporate ownership or even a significant family shareholder, Legacy Knight remains
beholden only to its families — and that’s a difference they can feel as well as measure.
Our experienced team typically engages with families in one of three ways: Family Office,
Outsourced Chief Investment Officer, and Legacy Knight Capital Partners.
Family Office – As a family office, we deliver comprehensive planning, advisory, high-touch
services and access to unique investment opportunities to secure and grow a family’s legacy.
Everything begins by gaining an intimate understanding of your family’s needs and objectives.
With this knowledge, we leverage our decades of experience to deliver truly bespoke strategies —
with our capabilities expanding as needed to support your family.
Outsourced Chief Investment Officer (OCIO) – OCIO services are an ideal solution for families
with an existing internal team, single-family office, or foundation that seek to professionalize their
investment capabilities. For family offices with an in-house team, for example, we can provide
comprehensive asset allocation and portfolio construction services, consolidated reporting and
investment due diligence, or simply provide our expertise and access to build and manage a
portfolio within a single asset class. As always, we aim to meet families where they are.
.
Legacy Knight Capital Partners - Legacy Knight Capital Partners is the principal investment
arm of Legacy Knight and is focused on two core investment verticals: real estate and growth
equity. Within both areas, we offer access to thematic and exclusive investment opportunities
bolstered by our in-house, subject-matter expertise and robust network.
The vision of Legacy Knight Capital Partners is to provide the same direct access to unique,
lucrative investments in companies and real estate projects that major family offices do. Like all
investment opportunities we present, our families have the ability to opt in or opt out at their own
discretion.
Investment Advisory Services
Legacy Knight gathers information regarding client goals, investment objectives, and risk
tolerance through personal discussions with our families. Each family’s unique situation is
considered to create and manage an investment portfolio with assets among different asset classes.
These typically include equities, fixed income, exchange traded funds, hedge funds, private equity,
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venture capital, real estate, direct investment opportunities, or other alternative investments
depending on their suitability with each family’s investment objectives and risk tolerance.
Legacy Knight provides investment advisory services on a non-discretionary basis. The majority
of the families that we work with are on a non-discretionary basis and must be willing to accept
that Legacy Knight cannot affect any account transactions without obtaining prior written consent
to any such transaction(s) from the family. Assets are held by a qualified custodian, such as a bank,
trust company, or broker-dealer.
Evaluations and Recommendations of Investment Managers
Depending on the nature of its engagement with each client, the Firm evaluates and/or recommends
to clients the investment advisory services of unaffiliated investment managers (including pooled
investment vehicles managed, sponsored or established by such unaffiliated investment managers).
These investment managers are independent of the Firm and are evaluated by the Firm. The
investment managers recommended by the Firm to each client are selected based on various factors
and considerations deemed by the Firm to be relevant or appropriate in its sole discretion including,
among other things, the investment objectives and risk tolerance of the client as well as the past
performance of the manager. Subject to the arrangements with each client, the Firm actively
involves the client in the evaluation process with respect to third-party investment managers.
Initial Evaluation and/or Due Diligence – Prior to recommending or referring a new investment
manager (including managers to private funds) to manage client assets, the Firm generally
conducts due diligence through telephonic and/or in-person meetings with such investment
manager personnel and the review of key documents and information relating to such manager.
This typically includes both a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the manager, with a focus on
areas such as investment objectives and strategy, historical performance and risk, fees and
expenses, transparency and reporting, background and continuity of key personnel, regulatory &
disciplinary history, safety of client assets, and evaluation of gatekeepers and service providers,
among other areas, as the Firm deems necessary or appropriate. The initial evaluation and/or due
diligence process will vary depending upon the facts and circumstances of each situation
(including the nature of the client relationship and the nature of the specific investment manager
that is being reviewed). For example, fewer due diligence procedures may be warranted in
situations where the Firm has a long-standing relationship with an investment manager.
The Firm generally conducts a more limited review when simply evaluating a third-party
investment manager or investment opportunity at the specific request of a client. Limited reviews
may include one or more of the focus areas listed above, but the Firm generally will rely on
information provided by the manager or sponsor of the investment (or the client). In all cases,
Legacy Knight aims to act as a thoughtful, informed partner – helping clients navigate investment
decisions with clarity and confidence.
Financial Services
Legacy Knight assists families with creating a comprehensive financial plan. Services offered
include developing financial goals, cash flow management, income tax planning, education
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funding, debt review, insurance analysis, family operating company advisory, retirement planning,
estate planning, bookkeeping, and consolidated reporting.
Human Capital Legacy Services
Legacy Knight’s human capital legacy services focus on growing and developing succeeding
generations within a family. Services can include financial literacy and education, heir preparation
and development, family dynamics assessment, succession planning, and family governance.
Focusing on the human capital within the family allows for family office legacy planning.
Pooled Investment Vehicles (“Funds”)
The Firm and certain of its affiliates establish and utilize the Funds (as defined below) for
investment purposes on behalf of its clients and other people, including facilitating indirect
investments by one or more of its advisory clients in pooled investment. The Firm regularly
recommends that certain of its advisory clients invest in the Funds, if and to the extent the Firm
deems investments in one or more of the Funds to be suitable and appropriate for such clients (as
determined by the Firm in its discretion). The recommendation of investments in the Funds to the
Firm’s advisory clients involves one or more actual or potential conflicts of interest. See Item 10.
Affiliated Pooled Investment Vehicles
The Firm provides investment management, advisory, administrative and other services to
affiliated pooled investment vehicles (the “Funds”) with respect to investments in securities,
financial instruments and other assets, including co-investments alongside third-party investment
managers and other persons and/or investments in pooled investment vehicles managed, sponsored
and operated by third-party investment managers. The Firm, or an affiliate of the Firm, serves or
acts as a general partner, manager or in a similar capacity with respect to the Funds and the Firm
serves as investment manager with respect to the Funds.
Certain Funds are established for the purpose of investing substantially all of their assets in a single
pooled investment vehicle managed or sponsored by a third-party (an “underlying fund”) (to
facilitate indirect investments in such underlying funds by advisory clients and other persons). Any
such Fund may be referred to in this brochure as an “SPV”. Interests in the Funds typically will be
offered and made available primarily to applicable advisory clients of the Firm (subject to
suitability and eligibility determinations and requirements), but interests in the Funds may also be
offered or made available to other people and entities (including non-advisory clients) in the sole
discretion of the Firm.
Interests in the Funds are privately offered only to eligible clients and other investors pursuant to
exemptions under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the regulations promulgated
thereunder, and other applicable securities laws. Such Funds are not registered as investment
companies pursuant to or in accordance with one or more specific exclusions from the definition
of investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
The Firm recommends investments in the Funds to certain of its advisory clients and such clients
may elect to subscribe for interests in the Funds. The Firm faces various conflicts of interest in
connection with making such recommendations to clients. See Item 6, Item 8 and Item 10.
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As a matter of practice, a private placement memorandum or a similar offering document with
respect to each Fund typically will be provided or made available to prospective investors in such
Fund, which generally includes various disclosures and information regarding the Fund, the
investment objective and strategies of such Fund and other matters. Prospective investors should
review the information and disclosures set forth in the applicable offering documents of a Fund
for detailed information regarding such Fund, and any disclosures or information set forth in this
brochure with respect to such Fund are qualified in their entirety by the information in such
offering documents.
Each Fund is managed in accordance with the investment objectives, policies, strategies,
guidelines and limitations set forth in the applicable private placement memorandum, limited
partnership agreement and other governing documents of such Fund. An SPV pursues substantially
the same investment objective and strategies as the underlying fund in which it was formed to
invest.
Investors generally are not permitted to impose restrictions or limitations on the management or
operations of the Funds. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the general partner of a Fund may in the
future enter into side letter agreements or similar arrangements with one or more investors in a
Fund that have the effect of establishing rights under, or altering, modifying, waiving or
supplementing the terms of, the governing documents of the Fund in respect of such investors.
Among other things, these agreements may entitle an investor in a Fund to lower fees, information
or transparency rights, most favored nation’s status, notification rights, rights or terms necessary
or advisable in light of particular legal, regulatory or public policy considerations of or related to
an investor and/or other preferential rights and terms. Any rights established or any terms of the
governing documents of such applicable Fund altered or supplemented in or by a side letter or
similar arrangement with an investor will govern solely with respect to such investor
notwithstanding any other provision of the governing documents of such applicable Fund related
thereto.
Philanthropic Services
Legacy Knight assists families with managing their charitable intentions. Services offered include
assistance with a family foundation or the use of recommended donor advised funds. Legacy
Knight assists with mission development, organization planning, and software systems that enable
efficient execution of foundation operations.
Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, Legacy Knight had approximately $1.5 billion of total regulatory assets
under management; $815 million managed on a discretionary basis and $687 million managed on
a non-discretionary basis.
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ITEM 5. FEES AND COMPENSATION
Legacy Knight Family Office Clients
Legacy Knight charges investment advisory fees as a percentage of assets under management. Fees
are payable quarterly, in advance, and are typically deducted directly from the family's account, in
line with standing instructions from the client. Fees are calculated by applying the applicable
advisory fee rate to the assets in each tier of the fee schedule in the client’s agreement. Asset values
are provided by the Custodian(s) and are calculated at the close of business on the last trading day
of the previous calendar quarter.
The annual fee for investment management services provided are based on the market value of the
assets under management and be calculated as follows:
Assets Under Management Annual Fee Quarterly Fee
Below $50mm 0.75% 0.1875%
$50mm - $100mm 0.65% 0.1625%
Above $100mm 0.55% 0.1375%
Fixed Income Solutions1 0.30% 0.0750%
1Assets that fall within the fixed income fee schedule to not pay additional advisory or management fees. Fixed income
securities include but are not limited to direct ownership of money market funds, government/treasuries, corporate bonds,
municipal bonds, and preferred securities.
This annual fee is pro-rated and paid in advance on a quarterly basis. Fees are charged against the
balance in the Client’s account on the last day of the calendar quarter. Fees are adjusted at the end
of the following quarter to account for capital flows into or out of the accounts.
Fees will be automatically deducted from the account. Clients are provided with a quarterly
statement reflecting a deduction of the advisory fee and an illustration detailing the advisory fee
calculation. You acknowledge that it is your responsibility to verify the accuracy of the calculation
of the management fee and that the custodian will not determine whether the management fee is
accurate or properly calculated.
In addition to the annual investment management fee, the Client may also incur certain charges
imposed by unaffiliated third parties. Such charges include, but are not limited to, custodial fees,
brokerage commissions, transaction fees, charges imposed directly by a mutual fund, index fund,
or exchange traded fund purchased for the account which shall be disclosed in the fund’s
prospectus (i.e.., fund management fees and other fund expenses), wire transfer fees and other fees
and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities transactions.
Clients acknowledge and authorize Legacy Knight to charge the custodian account for certain
additional assets managed for Client by Legacy Knight but not held by the Custodian.
Family office clients are subject to minimum annual fees. The minimum annual fee for new
families is $187,500. Management has the discretion to waive the minimum.
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Outsourced Chief Investment Officer Clients
Legacy Knight charges investment advisory fees as a percentage of assets under management or a
customized fee arrangement based on the client’s unique needs and requirements. All fees and
terms are clearly outlined in a formal agreement. Fees are payable quarterly, in advance, and are
typically deducted directly from the family's account, in line with standing instructions from the
client. AUM based fees are calculated by applying the applicable fee rate to the assets in each tier
of the fee schedule in the client’s agreement. Asset values are provided by the Custodian(s) and
are calculated at the close of business on the last trading day of the previous calendar quarter.
The annual AUM based fee for services provided are based on the market value of the assets under
management and are calculated as follows:
Assets Under Management Annual Fee Quarterly Fee
Below $50mm 0.65% 0.1625%
$50mm - $100mm 0.55% 0.1375%
Above $100mm 0.45% 0.1125%
Fixed Income Solutions1 0.30% 0.0750%
1Assets that fall within the fixed income fee schedule to not pay additional advisory or management fees. Fixed income
securities include but are not limited to direct ownership of money market funds, government/treasuries, corporate bonds,
municipal bonds, and preferred securities.
Private Funds
All fees paid to Legacy Knight for investment advisory services are separate and distinct from the
fees and expenses charged by the Funds to the investors in the Funds as members or limited
partners of the private pooled investment vehicles. These fees and expenses are described in the
Funds' offering documents. Such fees generally include a management fee, other fund expenses,
and a performance-based fee (“Incentive Allocation”). Clients could possibly invest in the Funds
directly, without our services. In that case, clients would not receive the services provided by
Legacy Knight which are designed, among other things, to assist each client in determining if the
Funds are appropriate to each client's financial condition and objectives. Accordingly, clients
should review both the fees charged by the Funds and Legacy Knight to fully understand the total
amount of fees to be paid by each client and thereby evaluate the advisory services being provided.
In certain cases, the fees charged by the Funds are separate and apart from our advisory fees. You
should refer to the offering documents for a complete description of the fees.
Additional Fees and Expenses
As part of our advisory services to you, we may invest, or recommend that you invest, in mutual
funds and exchange traded funds. The fees that you pay to our firm for investment advisory
services are separate and distinct from the fees and expenses charged by mutual funds or exchange
traded funds (described in each fund's prospectus) to their shareholders. These fees will generally
include a management fee and other fund expenses. You will also incur transaction charges and/or
brokerage fees when purchasing or selling securities. These charges and fees are typically imposed
by the broker-dealer or custodian through whom your account transactions are executed. We do
not share in any portion of the brokerage fees/transaction charges imposed by the broker-dealer or
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custodian. We may also recommend that you invest in private funds that are not managed by
Legacy Knight. These funds may charge additional fees that are separate and distinct from the fees
paid to our firm per the respective fund’s governing documents. These fees are not paid to or
shared with Legacy Knight. To fully understand the total cost you will incur, you should review
all the fees charged by mutual funds, ETFs, our firm, and others. For information on our brokerage
practices, refer to the Brokerage Practices section of this brochure.
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ITEM 6. PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE
MANAGEMENT
Legacy Knight, or an affiliate, is entitled to receive carried interest distributions from the Funds,
which generally are borne by the investors in such Funds. The Firm or affiliate thereof may also
receive performance-based fees and compensation (including carried interest distributions) with
respect to certain other clients in the future (including, without limitation, other affiliated pooled
investment vehicles established or sponsored by the Firm or an affiliate thereof). The Firm
regularly recommends investments in the Funds to certain of its advisory clients. By investing in
a Fund, a client generally will become subject to additional fees (in the form of management fees
and carried interest distributions) payable to the Firm and its affiliates by or with respect to such
Fund (at the level of the Fund), which will be in addition to (and separate and apart from) the fixed
or hourly advisory or other fees payable by such client pursuant to the advisory agreement between
such client and the Firm. As a result of the potential for these additional fees, the Firm has a
financial incentive to recommend investments in the Funds to its advisory clients and any such
recommendation involves a conflict of interest. The Funds provide disclosures regarding material
risk factors and conflicts of interest to all prospective investors and each investor is responsible
for determining whether or not to subscribe for interests in the Funds. In connection with a
subscription for an interest in a Fund, each client is required to specifically acknowledge and agree
to these and other conflicts of interest. See Item 10.
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ITEM 7. TYPES OF CLIENTS
Legacy Knight provides investment advisory services to our Family Office clients, our Outsourced
Chief Investment Officer (OCIO) clients, and Legacy Knight Capital Partners, (“clients”). Family
office clients are subject to minimum investable asset requirements. Families should have
minimum investable assets of $25 million. Investable asset minimums are negotiable; thus, Legacy
Knight may accept clients with smaller account balances depending on the complexity and nature
of the services provided and family circumstances.
OCIO clients should also have minimum investable assets of $25 million, but those minimums are
negotiable. Fee structures on OCIO clients are dependent on the full nature of the relationship and
the services and offerings provided.
To invest in a Fund or any other pooled investment vehicle managed or sponsored by the Firm or
an affiliate thereof, each investor generally is required to certify that it is, among other things, an
“accredited investor” and a “qualified investor”, as such terms are defined under applicable U.S.
securities laws. In general, the minimum initial capital commitment for an investor in a Fund will
be $250,000, or such lesser amount accepted by the Fund’s general partner in its discretion.
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ITEM 8. METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND
RISK OF LOSS
Methods of Analysis
The investment advice Legacy Knight provides is primarily driven by each family’s personal
investment profile. This profile is based upon numerous factors including the family’s investment
objectives and goals, personal risk assessment, asset class preferences, investment horizon,
liquidity needs, generational requirements, charitable desires, estate planning and
tax
considerations. We consider these attributes in light of the current market landscape, including
appropriate asset-classes, asset-class return (historical and projected) and correlations, various
asset-class risk metrics, and general global and domestic economic conditions. Our investment
team incorporates all such family/investment/economic data points and prepares an Investment
Policy Statement and Asset Allocation Plan appropriate for each family’s personal situation. Our
families generally have multiple generations of family members, existing illiquid assets, a need
for complex estate planning and numerous types qualified and non-qualified accounts. We
consider the location and nature of these various accounts and investments in developing an
integrated plan for each Family.
Critical to formulating our Family’s investment framework, we believe:
• Value-driven investment decisions offer a margin of safety that results in a lower
probability of lowering permanent capital, which may ultimately lead to long-term wealth
accumulation.
•
Investment discipline structured around strategic asset allocation that is focused on
Family’s long-term objectives and tactical asset allocation that, from time to time, requires
us to reduce overpriced assets and purchase underpriced assets, will naturally create a buy
low, sell high framework to protect capital in down markets and reduce volatility.
• Capital allocation, when appropriately allocated to both traditional and alternative
investment strategies, has the potential to produce more consistent and less volatile returns.
• Allocating meaningful capital to highly qualified managers and ideas is better than over
diversifying a portfolio.
•
It is highly unlikely that a single investment firm can internally employ the best talent to
trade all types of securities and strategies; therefore, we seek out highly qualified
independent third-party managers within each asset class to manage our Family’s capital.
Legacy Knight’s investment manager search, selection, evaluation, and monitoring services assist
our families in the identification of independent third-party managers that are consistent with the
determined asset allocation plan for each family. Key factors we consider when evaluating third
party managers are investment process, investment philosophy, risk management, historical
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performance, investment strategy and style, fees and operating expenses, fund size, and tax-
efficiencies.
In evaluating investment managers, we also incorporate both qualitative and quantitative
fundamental analysis to validate and confirm a manager’s investment style and skill, as well as
compare them to other managers of similar style. We utilize various research databases, proprietary
models, financial periodicals, prospectuses and filings with the SEC, industry contacts as we as
other attributes as part of the research process.
Investment Strategies
Legacy Knight will recommend to families investments in numerous asset classes and investment
strategies, including, but not limited to, the following:
Cash – Short-term money market instruments, FDIC-insured certificates and US Treasury Bills,
as well as other cash-equivalent holdings;
Fixed Income – Government, sovereign, corporate, municipal, agency, collateralized, domestic,
international and other types of fixed income assets or multi-strategies, both investment-grade and
non-investment-grade;
Global Equities – Common stock, preferred stock and real estate investment trusts of domestic and
international companies, of various sectors, styles and sizes;
Hedge Funds – Private investment pools with sophisticated strategies that buy and sell equity and
debt instruments, commodities and derivatives deemed appropriate and display characteristics
intended to limit the Portfolio’s downside risk profile.
Private Equity – Equity and debt of illiquid, privately-held companies.
Real Estate – Equity and debt in both public and private real estate.
Commodities – Physical assets and derivatives of assets such as energy, precious metals, industrial
metals, agriculture and currencies.
Certain Risk Factors
There can be no assurance that the investment strategies that the Firm pursues will achieve their
investment objective. The Firm’s investment strategies involve a substantial degree of risk,
including risk of complete loss. Nothing in this brochure is intended to imply, and no one is or will
be authorized to represent, that investments recommended by the Firm are low-risk or risk-free.
The investment strategies pursued by the Firm may be appropriate only for sophisticated persons
who fully understand and are capable of bearing the risks of investment. Certain of the risks that
may be associated with investments recommended by the Firm are set forth below. The various
risks outlined below are not the only risks that may be associated with the Firm’s investment
strategies and processes.
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General Investment and Portfolio Risks
General Economic and Market Conditions. The success of investment activities is affected by
general economic and market conditions, such as changes in interest rates, availability of credit,
inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation of
client’s investments), trade barriers, currency exchange controls and national and international
political circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts, natural disasters or security operations).
These factors may affect the level and volatility of securities prices and the liquidity of
investments. Volatility and/or illiquidity could impair profitability or result in losses. Clients could
incur material losses even if the Firm reacts quickly to difficult market conditions, and there can
be no assurance that clients will not suffer material losses and other adverse effects from broad
and rapid changes in economic and market conditions in the future. Markets for various financial
instruments can correlate strongly with each other at times or in ways that are difficult for us to
predict. Even a well-analyzed approach may not protect from significant losses under certain
market conditions.
Investment Judgment; Market Risk. The profitability of a significant portion of client’s investment
program depends to a great extent upon correctly assessing the future course of the price
movements of securities and other investments. There can be no assurance that the Firm will be
able to predict accurately these price movements. With respect to the investment strategies utilized,
there is always some, and occasionally a significant, degree of market risk.
Reliance on Key Person. The Firm will be substantially dependent on the services of the Manager
and other future Investment Team members. In the event of the death, disability, or departure of
the Manager, or the complete transfer of the Manager’s interest in the Firm, client’s investment
activities may be adversely affected. The Manager will devote such time and effort as he deems
necessary for the management and administration of the Firm’s business. However, the Manager
may engage in various other Legacy Knight MFO business activities in addition to managing client
accounts and consequently may not devote all his time to such activities.
Illiquidity. Investments may be illiquid, and consequently clients may not be able to sell such
investments at prices that reflect the Firm’s assessment of their value or the amount paid for such
investments by clients. Illiquidity may result from the absence of an established market for the
investments as well as legal, contractual or other restrictions on their resale by clients and other
factors. Furthermore, the nature of investments may require a long holding period prior to
profitability.
Large-Capitalization Companies. Large capitalization companies may lag the performance of
smaller capitalization companies because large capitalization companies may experience slower
rates of growth than smaller capitalization companies and may not respond as quickly to market
changes and opportunities.
Small- and Mid-Capitalization Companies. Small- and mid-capitalization companies may be more
vulnerable to adverse business or economic events than larger, more established companies. In
particular, these small- and mid-capitalized companies may pose additional risks, including
liquidity risk, because these companies tend to have limited product lines, markets and financial
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resources, and may depend upon a relatively small management group. Therefore, small- and mid-
cap stocks may be more volatile than those of larger companies.
Micro-Capitalization Companies. Micro-capitalization companies may be newly formed or in the
early stages of development with limited product lines, markets or financial resources. Therefore,
micro-capitalization companies may be less financially secure than large-, mid- and small-
capitalization companies and may be more vulnerable to key personnel losses due to reliance on a
smaller number of management personnel. In addition, there may be less public information
available about these companies. Micro-cap stock prices may be more volatile than large-, mid-
and small-capitalization companies and such stocks may be more thinly traded and thus difficult
for clients to buy and sell in the market.
Preferred Stock. Preferred stocks are sensitive to interest rate changes, and are also subject to
equity risk, which is the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. The
rights of preferred stocks on the distribution of a company’s assets in the event of a liquidation are
generally subordinate to the rights associated with a company’s debt securities.
Convertible Securities. The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest
rates (with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates
decline) and the credit standing of the issuer. The price of a convertible security will also normally
vary in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying common stock because of the
conversion or exercise feature.
Warrants. Warrants are instruments that entitle the holder to buy an equity security at a specific
price for a specific period of time. Warrants may be more speculative than other types of
investments. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security,
and an investment in a warrant may therefore create greater potential for capital loss than an
investment in the underlying security. A warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to
its expiration date.
Fixed Income Securities. Fixed income securities are subject to certain risks, including, among
other things:
•
Issuer. The value of fixed income securities may decline for a number of reasons which
directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, leverage, and reduced
demand for the issuer’s goods and services.
•
Interest Rate. When market interest rates rise, the market value of fixed income securities
generally will fall. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain types
of securities may be extended because of slower than expected prepayments. This may lock
in a below-market yield, increase the security’s duration and reduce the value of the
security. Investments in debt securities with long-term maturities may experience
significant price declines if long-term interest rates increase. Since the magnitude of
fluctuations will generally be greater at times when the Firm’s average maturity is longer,
under certain market conditions the Firm may, for temporary defensive purposes, accept
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lower current income from short-term investments rather than investing in higher yielding
long-term securities.
• Prepayment. During periods of declining interest rates, the issuer of a security may exercise
its option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled, forcing clients to reinvest the proceeds
from such prepayment in lower yielding securities. This is known as call or prepayment
risk. Debt securities frequently have call features that allow the issuer to repurchase the
security prior to its stated maturity. An issuer may redeem an obligation if the issuer can
refinance the debt at a lower cost due to declining interest rates or an improvement in the
credit standing of the issuer.
• Reinvestment. Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from clients’ portfolios will decline
if the Firm invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called bonds at market interest
rates that are below the portfolio’s current earnings rate.
• Valuation. Unlike publicly traded common stock which trades on national exchanges, there
is no central place or exchange for fixed income securities trading. Fixed income securities
generally trade on an “over the counter” market which may be anywhere in the world where
buyer and seller can settle on a price. Due to the lack of centralized information and trading,
the valuation of fixed income securities may carry more risk than that of common stock.
Uncertainties in the conditions of the financial market, unreliable reference data, lack of
transparency and inconsistency of valuation models and processes may lead to inaccurate
asset pricing. As a result, clients may be subject to the risk that when a security is sold in
the market, the amount received by the client is less than the value of such security carried
by the client.
U.S. Government Securities. U.S. government obligations may include securities issued or
guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government, or its agencies or instrumentalities.
Payment of principal and interest on U.S. government obligations may be backed by the full faith
and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or
instrumentality itself. There can be no assurance that the U.S. government would provide financial
support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it
is not obligated to do so. In addition, U.S. government securities are not guaranteed against price
movements due to changing interest rates.
Non-U.S. Sovereign Debt Securities. Non-U.S. sovereign debt securities are subject to the risks
that: (i) the governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt may not be willing
or able to repay the principal and/or interest when it becomes due, due to factors such as debt
service burden, political constraints, cash flow problems and other national economic factors; (ii)
governments may default on their debt securities, which may require holders of such securities to
participate in debt rescheduling or additional lending to defaulting governments; and (iii) there is
no bankruptcy proceeding by which defaulted sovereign debt may be collected in whole or in part.
Municipal Bonds. The value of municipal bonds could be impacted by events in the municipal
securities market. Negative events, such as severe fiscal difficulties, bankruptcy, an economic
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downturn, unfavorable legislation, court rulings or political developments could adversely affect
the ability of municipal issuers to repay principal and to make interest payments.
Bank Obligations. Bank obligations are subject to risks generally applicable to debt securities, as
well as to the risk of negative events affecting the banking industry. Obligations of foreign banks
and foreign branches of U.S. banks are subject to additional risks, including negative political and
economic developments in the country in which the bank or branch is located and actions by a
foreign government that might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on such
obligations, such as the seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits. Additionally, U.S. and state
banking laws and regulations may not apply to foreign branches of U.S. banks and generally do
not apply to foreign banks.
Money Market Instruments Risk. The value of money market instruments may be affected by
changing interest rates and by changes in the credit ratings of the investments. An investment in a
money market fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by any bank, the FDIC
or any other government agency. Certain money market funds float their net asset value while
others seek to preserve the value of investments at a stable net asset value (typically, $1.00 per
share). An investment in a money market fund, even an investment in a fund seeking to maintain
a stable net asset value per share, is not guaranteed and it is possible for clients to lose money by
investing in these and other types of money market funds. If the liquidity of a money market fund’s
portfolio deteriorates below certain levels, the money market fund may suspend redemptions (i.e.,
impose a redemption gate) and thereby prevent a client from selling its investment in the money
market fund or impose a fee of up to 2% on amounts the client redeems from the money market
fund (i.e., impose a liquidity fee). These measures may result in an investment loss or prohibit the
client from redeeming shares when the Firm would otherwise redeem shares. Money market funds
and the securities they invest in are subject to comprehensive regulations. The enactment of new
legislation or regulations, as well as changes in interpretation and enforcement of current laws,
may affect the manner of operation, performance and/or yield of money market funds.
Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities may represent direct or indirect participations in,
or are secured by and payable from, pools of assets such as, among other things, debt securities,
residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, corporate loans, motor vehicle installment sales
contracts, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, and
receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements or a combination of the foregoing.
Payment of interest and repayment of principal on asset-backed securities may be largely
dependent upon the cash flow generated by the assets backing the securities and, in certain cases,
supported by letters of credit, surety bonds or other credit enhancements. The value of asset-backed
securities may also be affected if the market for the securities becomes illiquid, there is difficulty
valuing the underlying pool of assets or because of changes in the market’s perception of the
creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the loans or receivables or
the entities providing the credit enhancement.
Mortgage-Backed Securities. Mortgage-backed securities are affected by, among other things,
interest rate changes and the possibility of prepayment of the underlying mortgage loans.
Mortgage-backed securities are also subject to the risk that underlying borrowers will be unable to
meet their obligations.
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High Yield Bonds. High yield bonds (often called “junk bonds”) are debt securities that may be
unrated by a recognized credit-rating agency or below investment grade, and as a result may be
subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher-rated debt securities. The Firm
may invest in debt securities which rank junior to other outstanding securities and obligations of
the issuer, all or a significant portion of which may be secured on substantially all of that issuer’s
assets. The Firm may invest in debt securities which are not protected by financial covenants or
limitations on additional indebtedness. Clients will therefore be subject to credit and liquidity risks.
In addition, the market for credit spreads is often inefficient and illiquid, making it difficult to
accurately calculate discounting spreads for valuing financial instruments.
Real Estate & REITs. Real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) are pooled investment vehicles that
own, and usually operate, income producing real estate. REITs and other real estate investments
are susceptible to the risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, such as the following:
(i) declines in property values; (ii) increases in property taxes, operating expenses, interest rates or
competition; (iii) overbuilding; (iv) zoning changes; and (v) losses from casualty or condemnation.
REITs and real estate funds typically incur fees that are separate from those charged by the Firm.
Accordingly, client investments in such investments will result in the layering of expenses such
that the clients or investors will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the REIT or real estate
fund’s operating expenses, in addition to paying Firm fees.
Royalty Trusts. A royalty trust generally acquires an interest in natural resource companies and
distributes the income it receives to the investors of the royalty trust. A sustained decline in demand
for crude oil, natural gas and refined petroleum products could adversely affect income and royalty
trust revenues and cash flows. Factors that could lead to a decrease in market demand include a
recession or other adverse economic conditions, an increase in the market price of the underlying
commodity, higher taxes or other regulatory actions that increase costs, or a shift in consumer
demand for such products. A rising interest rate environment could adversely impact the
performance of royalty trusts. Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation of royalty
trusts because of the increased availability of alternative investments at more competitive yields.
The Firm’s investment in royalty trusts may result in the layering of expenses such that clients or
investors will indirectly bear a proportionate share of the royalty trusts’ operating expenses, in
addition to paying Fund expenses and Firm fees.
MLPs. Master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) are limited partnerships in which the ownership units
are publicly traded. MLPs often own several properties or businesses (or own interests) that are
related to oil and gas industries or other natural resources, but they also may finance other projects.
To the extent that an MLP’s interests are all in a particular industry, the MLP will be negatively
impacted by economic events adversely impacting that industry. MLPs are subject to certain risks,
including, among other things:
• MLP Structure. Holders of interests in MLPs are subject to certain risks inherent in the
structure of MLPs, including (i) tax risks, (ii) the limited ability to elect or remove
management or the general partner or managing member (iii) limited voting rights, except
with respect to extraordinary transactions, and (iv) conflicts of interest between the general
partner or managing member and its affiliates, on one hand, and the limited partners or
members, on the other hand, including those arising from incentive distribution payments
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or corporate opportunities. In addition, MLPs may be subject to state taxation in certain
jurisdictions which will have the effect of reducing the amount of income paid by the MLP
to its investors.
respective natural
• Commodity Prices. The return on the Firm’s investments in MLPs and other natural
resource-related investments will be dependent on the operating margins received and cash
flows generated by those companies from the exploration for, and development,
production, gathering, transportation, processing, storage, refining, distribution, mining or
marketing of, coal, natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum products
or other hydrocarbons. These operating margins and cash flows may fluctuate widely in
response to a variety of factors, including global and domestic economic conditions,
weather conditions, natural disasters, the supply and price of imported natural resources,
political instability, conservation efforts and government regulation. Natural resources
commodity prices have been very volatile in the past and such volatility is expected to
continue. MLPs and other natural resource-related investments engaged in crude oil and
natural gas exploration, development or production, natural gas gathering and processing,
crude oil refining and transportation and coal mining or sales may be directly affected by
their
resources’ commodity prices. The volatility of, and
interrelationships between, commodity prices can also indirectly affect certain other MLPs
and other natural resource-related investments due to the potential impact on the volume
of commodities transported, processed, stored or distributed. Some MLPs or other natural
resource-related investments that own the underlying energy commodity may be unable to
effectively mitigate or manage direct margin exposure to commodity price levels. The
prices of MLPs and securities of other natural resource-related investments can be
adversely affected by market perceptions that their performance and distributions or
dividends are directly tied to commodity prices.
• MLPs and Interest Rates. The prices of the equity securities of MLPs and other natural
resources companies are susceptible in the short-term to a decline when interest rates rise.
Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation of securities of certain MLPs as a
result of the increased availability of alternative investments with yields comparable to
those of MLPs. Rising interest rates could adversely impact the financial performance of
MLPs, and other natural resources companies by increasing their cost of capital. This may
reduce their ability to execute acquisitions or expansion projects in a cost-effective manner.
Exchange-Traded Funds. ETFs generally represent an interest in a passively managed portfolio of
securities selected to replicate a securities index, such as the S&P 500 Index or the Dow Jones
Industrial Average, or to represent exposure to a particular industry or sector. Unlike open-end
mutual funds, the shares of ETFs and closed-end investment companies are not purchased and
redeemed by investors directly with clients but instead are purchased and sold through broker-
dealers in transactions on a stock exchange. Because ETF and closed-end fund shares are traded
on an exchange, they may trade at a discount from or a premium to the net asset value per share of
the underlying portfolio of securities. In addition to bearing the risks related to investments in
equity securities, investors in ETFs intended to replicate a securities index bear the risk that the
ETFs performance may not correctly replicate the performance of the index. The Firm’s
investment in ETFs, closed-end funds and other investment companies will result in the layering
of fees and expenses on clients, such that client and investors will indirectly bear a proportionate
share of the expenses of those funds, including management fees, custodial and accounting costs,
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and other expenses. Trading in ETF and closed-end fund shares also entails payment of brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs.
Non-U.S. Securities. Investments in non-U.S. securities, either directly or through American
Depository Receipts (“ADRs”), involve certain factors not typically associated with investing in
U.S. securities, such as risks relating to (i) currency exchange matters, including fluctuations in
the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar (the currency in which the books of the client are
maintained) and the various non-U.S. currencies in which clients’ portfolio securities will be
denominated and costs associated with conversion of investment principal and income from one
currency into another; (ii) differences between the U.S. and non-U.S. securities markets, including
the absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices and
disclosure requirements, and less government supervision and regulation; (iii) political, social or
economic instability; (iv) imposition of non-U.S. income, withholding or other taxes; and (v) the
extension of credit, especially in the case of sovereign debt. While ADRs provide an alternative to
directly purchasing the underlying non-U.S. securities in their respective national markets and
currencies, investments in ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with
investing directly in non-U.S. securities.
Emerging Market Securities. The value of securities of companies located in emerging markets
may be drastically affected by political developments in the country of the company’s location. In
addition, the existing governments in the relevant countries could take actions that could have a
negative impact on clients, including nationalization, expropriation, imposition of confiscatory
taxation or regulation or imposition of withholding taxes on distributions.
Foreign Currency Risk. Investments in securities or other investments denominated in, and/or
receiving revenues in foreign currencies are subject to currency risk. Currency risk is the risk that
foreign currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, in which case, the dollar value
of an investment would be adversely affected.
Diversification Risk. Although we attempt to help clients diversify their position, sector and
geographic exposures through asset allocation strategies and the use of position limits, at any given
time, a client’s portfolio may be concentrated in a particular market or industry, or in a limited
number or type of securities. Limited diversity could expose clients to losses disproportionate to
general market movements if there are disproportionately greater adverse price movements in
those positions.
Valuations. The Firm’s management fees are impacted by the valuation of the client investments.
From time to time, certain situations affecting valuations (such as limited liquidity, unavailability
or unreliability of third-party pricing information and acts or omissions of service providers to
clients) could have an impact on the net asset value of clients, particularly if prior judgments as to
the appropriate valuation of an investment should later prove to be incorrect after a net asset value-
related calculation or transaction is completed. The Firm is not required to make retroactive
adjustments to prior management fees based on subsequent valuation data.
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Operational and Regulatory Risks
General Operational Risks. The volume and complexity of investment transactions may place
substantial burdens on the operational systems and resources of the Firm and third-party managers
recommended by the Firm, including portfolio management, reporting and risk management.
Human error, system failure or other problems with any of these processes could result in material
losses or costs, which will generally be borne by clients.
Broker Insolvency Risk. Transactions may be executed on various U.S. and non-U.S. exchanges
and may be cleared and settled through various clearing houses, custodians, depositories, broker-
dealers and prime brokers throughout the world. While U.S. rules and regulations applicable to
these brokers may offer significant protections to the assets of their clients if one of them were to
become insolvent, client held at such broker could be at risk. For example, while brokers are
required to segregate client assets from their proprietary assets and are required to hold specified
amounts of capital in reserve, client assets are normally held in pooled client accounts for the
benefit of all clients and not specifically in the name of the client. Additionally, the broker may be
able to transfer client assets out of such client accounts in the ordinary course of its business.
Clients could experience losses if the clients’ aggregate claims exceeded the amount of client assets
such broker held at the time of the insolvency. In addition, while the return of client property is
designed to occur on an expedited basis (usually by transfer of the accounts to a solvent broker),
clients may be unable to trade the securities that were held by the insolvent broker during this
transfer period.
Client assets also may be held by non-U.S. brokers. Although certain non-U.S. jurisdictions
provide similar protections to client assets, there can be no assurance that clients will not
experience losses in any insolvency of such a non-U.S. broker. The Firm will attempt to select or
recommend brokers to execute clear and settle transactions that the Firm believes to be sound, but
there can be no assurance that a failure by any such entity will not lead to a loss to a client. In
addition, the SEC, other regulators, self-regulatory organizations and exchanges in the United
States and other countries are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market
emergencies. Such actions could lead to a loss as a result of a delay in settling transactions or other
circumstances.
Custodians. All client securities and other assets are held in the custody by any independent third
party appointed as the custodian or other counterparty. Clients may be eligible for insurance
coverage against loss with respect to assets held in the custody of a broker in the event of the
bankruptcy or liquidation of a broker to the same extent as that broker’s other customers. Such
insurance may be limited and is not expected to cover the entire value of the client’s assets held in
an account with its custodian.
Information Security. The Firm, third party managers, brokers, custodians, other services
providers, relevant listing exchanges, as well as issuers of securities in which clients invest, are all
heavily reliant upon internet connected information technology systems which are inherently
vulnerable to attacks by malicious third parties and unauthorized disclosure due to incorrect
configuration, operating error(s), known and unknown vulnerabilities and system behavior(s).
Similar types of risks are also present for issuers of securities in which clients invest, which could
Legacy Knight MFO, LLC
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result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and cause investments in such companies
to lose value. The Firm has implemented controls which comply with applicable laws and
regulations and seeks to confirm as part of its due diligence process that third party managers and
recommended to clients, issuers of securities, and relevant third-party vendors, have similarly
implemented such controls. However, neither the Firm nor such third parties are unable to
completely prevent unauthorized access to their information systems and may be unable to
anticipate evolving threat vectors and as a result be unable to prepare mitigating mechanisms to
limit these inherent risks. If an information system compromise or disruption occurs, clients, the
Firm, or the issuers of securities in which clients invest may face material increases in their costs
associated with response, repair, and mitigation which may result in material adverse
consequences for such affected party. Compromise or disruption could also result in the inability
of the impacted party to operate its business, violations of applicable laws, regulatory fines,
reputational damage, and the compromise of sensitive client information resulting in a direct
financial loss through identity or account theft. These risks may not be covered by insurance, and
insurance policies which do cover such risks may exist only on the surplus lines market and may
be subject to extensive exclusions and limitations. The systems (including hardware, networking,
software, SaaS, and PaaS), including the data stored thereon, used by clients, the Firm, the issuers
of securities in which the Firm invests, and their respective service providers are at risk of
unauthorized access by internal and external parties, including via misconfiguration, credential
mismanagement, unauthorized privilege escalation, failures to limit account access, unmitigated
known vulnerabilities, previously unknown vulnerabilities (“zero-day” attacks), the compromise
of any entity within the supply chain (including during the provision of software updates), phishing
and identity falsification attacks, organized criminal activity, the actions of Advanced Persistent
Threats (“APT’s”), ransomware, insecure APT’s, code development practices, and the violation
of information policies and practices by agents or employees. It may not be possible to recover or
repair systems or data which become compromised through any of these means and such
unauthorized access may result in the disclosure of sensitive personal data resulting in a material
adverse effect for party experiencing the compromise including potential legal claims and adverse
regulatory actions. The systems are also at risk of being rendered inoperable even without a
security breach as a result of a failure of the internet infrastructure (including telecommunications
providers, local connection exchanges, DNS managers and providers), poor maintenance or
redundancy practices, lack or failure of business continuity/disaster recovery procedures, denial of
service attacks and similar attacks which are likely to proliferate with and become increasing
disruptive as a result of broader adoption of the Internet of Things can each result in operational
disruption which prevents the impacted party from operating its business for a period of time,
potentially incurring financial loss and loss of customer goodwill.
Epidemics, Pandemics, and Public Health Issues. Our business activities as well as our clients and
their operations and investments could be adversely affected by the outbreaks of epidemics Should
public health issues, including pandemics, arise or spread farther, we and our clients could be
adversely affected by more stringent travel restrictions, additional limitations on the firm’s
operations or business and governmental actions limiting the movement of people between regions
and other activities or operations.
Privacy and Data Protection Risk. The Firm, its affiliates and certain entities in which our clients
invest will process personal information, including by storing and maintaining personal data
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related to their respective members, affiliates, employees and representatives, natural person
investors, service provider representatives, customers and others. Such processing of personal
information, which may also include the use of third-party processors and cloud-based services,
will impose legal, operational and regulatory risks on the Firm, its affiliates and underlying
managers. In recent years, there has been an increase in legal requirements relating to the
collection, storage, use and transfer of personal information, and the legal framework around
such matters is expected to continue to develop at both the international and state level. Certain
activities of the Firm, the underlying managers and/or their respective affiliates may, for
example, be subject to the California Consumer Privacy Act and other foreign, federal and state
privacy laws such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation. The Firm and/or
its affiliates may not be able to accurately anticipate the ways in which regulators and courts will
apply or interpret the law, and implementation, interpretation or application of privacy and data
protection laws in a manner inconsistent with the Firm’s expectations may adversely affect one
or more clients. For example, the failure of the Firm, or one or more of its affiliates providing
services to a client, to comply with privacy and data protection laws could result in negative
publicity, operational disruptions, and may subject a client or an affiliate thereof to significant
costs associated with litigation, settlements, regulatory action, judgments, liabilities or penalties
and mandatory remediation. The same risks will apply to investments of clients that fail to
comply with privacy and data protection laws. If the Firm, underlying managers or one or more
of their respective affiliates uses or discloses information improperly or suffers a security breach
impacting personal information, they may be obligated to notify government authorities,
stakeholders or individuals affected, which may divert the Firm’s, underlying managers and their
affiliates’ time and effort and entail operational disruptions, loss of market confidence and
goodwill and substantial expense, particularly if any litigation or enforcement action or
mandatory remediation were to also arise out of such breach.
Reliance on Management of the Underlying Funds and Managers. Although the Firm generally
expects to monitor the activities and performance of underlying funds (to the extent applicable),
the Firm will rely substantially and predominantly upon underlying funds, managers and their
personnel to manage and operate the underlying funds and their investments on a day-to-day basis.
If the underlying managers are unable to attract and retain a qualified, competent and effective
management team, the business, financial condition and prospects of the underlying funds and the
value of the underlying funds’ investments (or a client’s investment in the underlying funds) could
be materially adversely affected.
THE FOREGOING RISK FACTORS DO NOT PURPORT TO BE A COMPLETE
DESCRIPTION OF ALL OF THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH CLIENTS’
INVESTMENT PROGRAMS OR THE FIRM’S INVESTMENT STRATEGIES.
PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ARE STRONGLY ENCOURAGED TO CONSULT WITH
LEGAL AND TAX COUNSEL AS NEEDED TO CONSIDER RELEVANT RISK
FACTORS.
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ITEM 9. DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
The Firm is required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or disciplinary events that
would be material to an Investor’s evaluation of the Firm, or the integrity of its management.
The Firm has no information to disclose in response to this Item.
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ITEM 10. OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND
AFFILIATIONS
Other Registrations
Neither the Firm, any affiliate, nor any management person is registered, or has an application
pending to register as a securities broker-dealer, a registered representative of a broker-dealer, a
futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator or commodity trading advisor.
Other Affiliations
Neither the Firm, any affiliate, nor any manager person has any relationship or arrangement that
is material to the Firm’s advisory business or clients with any financial industry affiliates.
Other Advisers
While the Firm does recommend or select other investment advisers for clients, neither the Firm,
nor any affiliate, receives compensation directly or indirectly from those advisers for such
recommendations.
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ITEM 11. CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN
CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING
Code of Ethics
The Firm will adopt and implement a Code of Ethics, which sets forth standards of business
conduct for its supervised people. Legacy Knight’s Code of Ethics is designed to educate
supervised people about the Firm’s philosophy regarding ethics and professionalism, emphasize
its fiduciary duties to clients, encourage supervised persons to comply with applicable laws,
prevent the misuse of material non-public information, the circulation of rumors and other forms
of market abuse and address material conflicts of interest that arise from personal trading. Subject
to the terms of the Code of Ethics, the Firm generally impose restrictions on employees relating to
the purchase or sale of securities for their own accounts and the accounts of certain affiliated
people. Employees generally will be required to submit (i) initial and annual reports of their
personal securities holdings and (ii) quarterly reports of all their personal securities transactions
within 30 days after the close of each calendar quarter. In addition, employees must seek prior
approval from the Chief Compliance Officer before (a) buying or selling any security of an issuer
on the Firm’s Restricted List, (b) participating in initial public offerings (IPOs) or (c) making
private investments. Notwithstanding these restrictions, employees may be permitted to buy, sell
or hold securities that are held by, have been purchased or sold by, or are being considered for
purchase or sale by clients. Employees are strictly prohibited from front-running client trades, and
the Chief Compliance Officer will monitor employee personal trading for potential conflicts with
respect to client trading.
The Firm will also maintain certain policies and procedures designed to prevent supervised people
from misusing material non-public information and to address certain actual and potential conflicts
of interest that may arise when supervised persons engage in outside business activities or accept,
provide, offer or give gifts or entertainment events. The Firm will furnish a copy of its Code of
Ethics to clients upon request.
Transactions Involving Conflicts of Interest
The Firm may cause clients to enter into transactions and arrangements involving actual or
potential conflicts of interest. Legacy Knight will review any transactions involving material
conflicts of interest and take such actions as it deems necessary or appropriate to ensure that the
terms of such transactions are fair and reasonable under the circumstances. Generally, the Firm
will make disclosure to and seek approval from clients with respect to transactions involving
conflicts of interest with respect to such client.
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ITEM 12. BROKERAGE PRACTICES
Broker Selection & Recommendations
The Firm and its affiliates generally do not have discretion to select investments without the
approval of the client and do not have discretion to directly execute trades for client accounts.
However, the Firm may select or suggest brokers for clients based on the individual needs and
objectives of the client. In suggesting brokers for client accounts, the Firm and its affiliates may
consider a number of factors, including reputation, financial strength and stability, efficiency of
execution, ability to execute difficult or complex transactions, on-line access to computerized data
regarding clients’ accounts, client reporting and other services, and other matters involved in the
receipt of brokerage services generally. The Firm does not enter into any soft dollar or other similar
arrangements with broker-dealers.
Currently, the Firm has no directed brokerage arrangements. In the event that a directed brokerage
arrangement is considered in the future, such arrangement would require approval by the Firm,
and it will amend this brochure accordingly.
Investment Allocations & Order Aggregation
The Firm’s allocation of investment opportunities among the Firm’s clients is influenced by factors
such as time horizon, risk tolerance, liquidity needs, growth objectives and current income/cash
flow needs. The Firm may identify some investments that it believes are appropriate for one client,
but not for other clients. In each case, the Firm works to ensure that investment opportunities are
allocated by the Firm among its applicable clients in a fair and equitable manner.
Due to the nature of the Firm’s advisory business, the Firm generally does not aggregate
transactions on behalf of clients.
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ITEM 13. REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
Reviews of Accounts
The Firm generally conducts reviews of client accounts on at least a quarterly basis. The level of
review is determined by client need and/or the Firm’s discretion. The review includes copies of
client statements and performance reports from third party managers or other financial institutions.
The Firm further reviews the performance of direct and alternative investments.
The Firm’s Manager and other members of the Investment Team generally will perform reviews.
The reviews are conducted to determine the accuracy, completeness, suitability and satisfaction of
the client’s stated objectives and recommend asset allocation or other changes, as needed.
Reports to Clients
Statements, confirmations, and performance reports are furnished from various financial service
institutions/firms with which the client transacts business. These firms may include, and are not
limited to, brokerages, investment companies, trust companies, private funds, other registered
investment advisers, banks and credit unions. The Firm may assist clients in interpreting and/or
reviewing statements and reports from such entities. How often reports are sent by such financial
institutions to the client depends on the various financial institutions/firms generating the reports.
Typically, reports are sent monthly, quarterly, annually or, in the instance of confirmation reports,
as transactions occur.
In addition, the Firm typically prepares and furnishes to clients’ reports summarizing the client’s
portfolio holdings at various financial institutions and showing the client’s overall asset allocation.
Such reports may be furnished monthly, quarterly, annually, or upon request depending on the
client’s preference.
Clients are urged to compare any reports that they receive from the Firm with the statements
provided by their custodian.
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ITEM 14. CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
Third Party Compensation
Except as otherwise disclosed herein, the Firm does not currently receive any economic benefit
from any person who is not a client in exchange for the provision of investment advice or other
advisory services to its clients.
Referrals
The Firm will not currently compensate any third party for client referrals.
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ITEM 15. CUSTODY
Because the Firm generally has the authority to instruct the account Custodian(s) to deduct the
investment management fee directly from the Client’s account, the Firm is considered to have
“custody” of client assets. Custody is defined as having any access to client funds or securities.
This limited access is monitored by the client through receipt of account statements directly from
the Custodian(s). These statements all show the deduction of the management fee from the
account.
With respect to each Fund, the Firm is generally deemed to have custody of such Fund’s cash and
securities for purposes of Rule 206(4)-2 under the Advisers Act. It is expected that most of the
holdings of the Funds will be “privately offered securities” as defined in Rule 206(4)-2, which
generally are not required to be maintained with a qualified custodian. With respect to any cash or
securities (other than privately offered securities) of a Fund, they generally will be held or
maintained with one or more qualified custodians selected by the general partner of such Fund
from time to time (to the extent required by Rule 206(4)-2). In accordance with Rule 206(4)-2, the
Firm or an affiliate (i) engages an independent public accounting firm registered with and subject
to inspection by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board to conduct an audit of the
financial statements of each Fund for each fiscal year and (ii) distributes or provides or furnishes
copies of such audited financial statements (prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles) to all investors within 120 days (or 180 days, if applicable) after the end of
the fiscal year, but there can be no assurance that the Firm will be successful in this regard.
Qualified custodians do not provide account statements directly to investors. The Firm generally
expects that the underlying funds owned by the Funds will be subject to annual audits by
independent public accounting firms.
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ITEM 16. INVESTMENT DISCRETION
The Firm and its affiliates generally do not have discretionary authority to manage publicly traded
securities accounts on behalf of clients. In the event a client does grant discretionary authority to
the Firm, it will do so through an investment management agreement outlining the scope of such
authority and any limitations.
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ITEM 17. VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
The Firm generally does not have the authority to vote proxies and other securities on behalf of its
clients. Instead, the obligation to vote client proxies generally rests with the third-party manager,
the client, or the clients’ other financial advisers. The Firm is not deemed to have proxy-voting
authority solely as a result of providing advice or information about a proxy vote to a client.
Should the Firm inadvertently receive proxy information for a security held in a client’s account
for which the Firm does not vote proxies, the Firm will make a good faith effort to forward such
information to the client in a timely manner but will not be responsible for voting such proxy.
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ITEM 18. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The Firm does not have any financial commitment that impairs its ability to meet contractual and
fiduciary commitments to its clients, nor has it been the subject of any bankruptcy proceeding.
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