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Item 1. Cover Page
FORM ADV PART 2A
KAWA CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
1010 S. Federal Hwy, Suite 2900
Hallandale Beach, Florida 33009
(305) 560-5200
www.kawa.com
March 28, 2025
This ADV Brochure (“Brochure”) provides information about the qualifications and business practices of
Kawa Capital Management, Inc. (the “Adviser”). If you have any questions about the contents of this
Brochure, please contact us at (305) 560-5200 or email Compliance@Kawa.com. The information in this
Brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission
(“SEC”) or by any state securities authority.
Adviser is an SEC-registered investment adviser and a National Futures Association (“NFA”) (Member ID
# 0403747) registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a Commodity Pool
Operator and Commodity Trading Adviser. Registration of an Investment Adviser does not imply any level
of skill or training. This Brochure is not an offering or solicitation of interest in the funds or other vehicles
managed by Adviser or its affiliates. Additional information about Adviser is also available on the SEC’s
website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM THE CFTC IN CONNECTION WITH ACCOUNTS OF QUALIFIED
ELIGIBLE PERSONS, THIS BROCHURE OR ACCOUNT DOCUMENT IS NOT REQUIRED TO BE, AND HAS
NOT BEEN, FILED WITH THE CFTC. THE CFTC DOES NOT PASS UPON THE MERITS OF PARTICIPATING
IN ANY INVESTMENT VEHICLE OR UPON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF COMMODITY POOL
OPERATOR DISCLOSURE. CONSEQUENTLY, THE CFTC HAS NOT REVIEWED OR APPROVED THIS
BROCHURE.
Item 2. Material Changes
This Brochure, dated March 28, 2025, is an update to the March 27, 2024 version previously
circulated. The Brochure is periodically reviewed and amended to improve and clarify the
descriptions of Kawa’s business practices and compliance policies and procedures, and to
respond to evolving industry and firm practices. Below is the list of notable changes to this
Brochure as part of its most recent annual amendment.
Item 5.C.
We updated our discussion around Separately Managed Accounts and other fees and expenses.
Item 7
We have updated our discussion regarding side letters.
Item 8.A.
We have updated our discussion of origination and sourcing and the due diligence process for
Separately Managed Accounts.
Item 8.B.
We have updated our discussion of certain risks relevant to our business and the investment
strategies we employ on behalf of our Clients (as defined herein).
Item 3. Table of Contents
Item 1. Cover Page ................................................................................................................................................. 1
Item 2. Material Changes ........................................................................................................................................ 2
Item 3. Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Item 4. Advisory Business ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Item 5. Fees and Compensation ........................................................................................................................... 6
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ........................................................ 11
Item 7. Types of Clients .......................................................................................................................................... 12
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss .................................................. 13
Item 9. Disciplinary Information .......................................................................................................................... 32
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ..................................................................... 32
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading . 35
Item 12. Brokerage Practices ............................................................................................................................... 37
Item 13. Review of Accounts ................................................................................................................................ 41
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation ..................................................................................... 42
Item 15. Custody ....................................................................................................................................................... 43
Item 16. Investment Discretion ........................................................................................................................... 44
Item 17. Voting Client Securities ........................................................................................................................ 45
Item 18. Financial Information ............................................................................................................................. 46
Item 4. Advisory Business
4.A. Advisory Firm Description
For purposes of this Brochure, “we” or “Kawa” means the Adviser together (where the
context permits) with certain of its affiliates, as described herein. Kawa is an independent asset
manager founded in 2007 by Daniel Ades and Alexandre Saverin. Adviser is wholly owned by
Kawa Holdco, Inc. (“Kawa Holdco”), a Delaware corporation. For additional information about the
firm’s ownership, please refer to Schedules A and B of our Form ADV Part 1A. In October 2011,
we registered with the SEC as an investment adviser. Adviser has been a member of the NFA and
registered with the CFTC as a Commodity Pool Operator since September 2012 and as a
Commodity Trading Advisor since December 2020. The registration of Adviser with the SEC and
CFTC must not be taken as an indication that either agency has recommended or approved either
Kawa or its advisory services.
4.B. Types of Advisory Services
The Adviser provides investment advisory and asset management services as an
investment adviser or sub-adviser to private investment funds, consisting of: (i) an open-ended
master-feeder fund structured as a British Virgin Islands limited company with an onshore feeder
and an offshore feeder (collectively, “The Kawa Fund”); (ii) other private investment funds (either
open-end or closed-end) focused on a particular sector and/or strategy described further in such
fund’s offering documents (“Strategic Funds”); and (iii) other closed-end private investment
funds, each created for a specific and limited investment (“SPE Funds” and, together with The
Kawa Fund and the Strategic Funds, the “Funds” and each a “Fund”). The Funds’ organization
structures typically include both domestic and foreign companies. In addition to advising Funds,
the Adviser provides investment advice and asset management on a non-discretionary and
discretionary basis to individual, entity, and institutional clients, through investments in a Fund
or through separately managed accounts (“SMAs”, and individually, “SMA”). Funds and SMAs
are referred to herein collectively as “Clients.” For information on certain other forms of non-
advisory services, see Section 10.C. (Material Relationships or Arrangements).
4.C. Client Investment Objectives/Restrictions
Kawa manages each Client’s assets in accordance with the Client’s specified investment
objectives, strategies, and restrictions, which are set forth in offering documents or written
agreements, as applicable. Across its various products, Kawa typically employs diverse, event-
driven or opportunistic approaches across multiple asset classes, with particular emphasis on
real estate, lending, renewable energy, sovereign debt, currencies, and the equity and debt of
public and private companies across a wide variety of sectors.
Kawa does not modify its securities recommendations to its Funds based on the
particular interests of the Funds’ underlying investors. Therefore, before investing, such
investors should consider whether the applicable Fund meets their investment objectives and
risk tolerance. Information about each Fund can be found in its offering documents.
4.D. Wrap-Fee Programs
Kawa does not participate in, nor is it a sponsor of, any wrap fee programs.
4.E. Client Assets Managed as of December 31, 2024
Discretionary Assets
$2,947,439,019.52
Non-Discretionary Assets $67,870,455.98
Total Assets
$3,015,309,475.50
Client Assets Managed reflect Kawa’s Regulatory Assets Under Management (“RAUM”)
as reported on Item 5.F. of Kawa’s Form ADV Part 1A. The amount of Kawa’s RAUM differs from
the amount of Assets Under Management that Kawa presents in certain of its customer-facing
materials, which is inclusive of asset management services provided in connection with assets
that are not securities, as defined under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and/or the
U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
The figures above are calculated without double counting assets attributable to SMA
Clients’ investments in the Funds, if applicable.
Item 5. Fees and Compensation
5.A. Adviser Compensation
Funds
Kawa provides investors in its Funds with statements on at least a quarterly basis, in
accordance with Rule 211(h)(1)-2 promulgated under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as
amended (the “Advisers Act”), which detail, among other items, compensation to Kawa from the
relevant Fund. For more information see Item 15 (Custody; Account Statements).
Management & Performance Fees
Kawa typically receives two types of compensation from its Clients: (i) management
compensation in the form of management fees or priority profit sharing (“PPS”); and/or (ii) for
“Qualified Clients” (as defined under the Advisers Act) where applicable and indicated in the
relevant Fund offering documents, performance-based compensation, which takes the form of
carried interest or performance fees, and which may be subject to the operation of a “high water
mark,” or “hurdle”. Generally, the compensation received by Kawa (or one of its affiliates) in the
form of management compensation ranges from 1% to 2% per annum of the net assets of the
Fund (although for certain Funds, the management compensation is calculated based on other
metrics detailed in the applicable Fund offering documents) and the performance-based
compensation generally ranges from 10% to 20% of each investor’s share of the profits of the
Funds. PPS arrangements involve the allocation of a recurring first charge on the net profits of a
fund each time such fund’s net asset value is calculated. PPS charges accrue until a Fund’s
income is sufficient to pay them in full. Kawa reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to negotiate
and to charge lower management and/or performance-based compensation for any Client
account based on the Client’s particular needs as well as overall financial condition, goals, risk
tolerance, and other factors unique to the Client’s particular circumstances. In addition, Kawa
has in the past waived, reduced, and rebated, and reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to
waive, reduce, or rebate all or any portion of the management and/or performance-based
compensation with respect to any Client, or to any investor in a Fund, including affiliates,
employees, partners, members or directors of Kawa or its affiliates, including their respective
related persons.
Certain Other Fees
Subject to the relevant Fund offering documents, certain Funds also pay fees to Kawa for
certain services, including, but not limited to, one or more of the following: sourcing investment
opportunities, performing due diligence and other deal work for opportunities including, without
limitation, real estate transactions and loans. Such fees are typically referred to as “Acquisition
Fees”, “Funding Fees”, “Servicing Fees” or “Diligence Fees” and are in varying amounts and
based on different criteria, in each case depending on the investment opportunity. Separately, a
counterparty or other third party, such as a borrower under a loan made by a particular Fund or
its subsidiary, and not the relevant Fund, may also pay fees to Kawa in connection with such
investment in the form of origination or funding fees, exit fees, extension fees or breakup fees.
All fees payable to Kawa in connection with an investment opportunity, whether paid by the Fund
or a third party and/or whether such fees offset management compensation, are in the relevant
Fund offering documents.
Separately Managed Accounts
Kawa’s fees for SMAs vary materially depending on the investment strategy, among other
factors, and are negotiated on a case-by-case basis. These fees are reflected in the agreement
specifically governing the SMA, and typically consist of management compensation based on
the value of the assets Kawa manages for such SMA. SMAs that are Qualified Clients may also
be charged performance-based compensation for Kawa’s investment advisory services. Kawa
has waived, reduced and rebated, and reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to waive, reduce
or rebate all or any portion of the management and/or performance-based compensation with
respect to any SMA, including providing fee-free investment advisory services for affiliates,
employees, partners, members or directors of Kawa or its affiliates, including their respective
family members or accounts.
Sub-Advisory Fees
Kawa also provides sub-advisory services to certain pooled investment vehicles and
SMAs managed by other advisers. The compensation for such sub-advisory services varies and
is negotiated by Kawa and the sub-advised pooled vehicle’s or SMA’s sponsor/investment
adviser. Sub-advisory compensation paid to Kawa typically involves management fees and
performance-based compensation, with the specific terms of that compensation set forth in the
sub-advised pooled vehicle’s offering documents and/or a sub-advisory agreement.
5.B. Direct Billing of Fees
Typically, Kawa deducts its advisory compensation directly from Client assets but, in
certain circumstances (in particular, for SMAs), Kawa invoices Clients directly.
5.C. Other Fees & Expenses
Other than management and performance-based compensation, below is a general
description of other various fees and expenses Clients have been and may be charged, where
applicable to that Client, as provided in the relevant Fund or SMA documentation. As a general
matter, higher fees and expenses paid by a Fund or SMA reduce returns, while lower fees and
expenses increase those returns.
In addition to and/or in clarification of the compensation paid to Kawa, and as described
above in Item. 5.A. (Other Fees & Expenses), each Client bears directly, or indirectly, other fees
and expenses incurred (in this Item 5.C., references to fees and expenses to be borne by Client
include, without limitation, those incurred by or on behalf of any Client-subsidiary, and those in
relation to any portfolio asset or investment of the Client). Fund expenses are individually detailed
in quarterly statements provided to investors in accordance with Advisers Act Rule 211(h)(1)-2
(for more information see Item 15 (Custody; Account Statements)), and typically include, but are
not limited to, the following, as applicable:
direct and indirect expenses and costs (such as, but not limited to, brokerage
(i)
commissions and other transaction-execution costs; transfer fees and expenses,
dealer spreads, give-up fees; NFA fees; exchange-related fees, externally incurred
costs of establishing and utilizing electronic trading, computer, software and
systems connections directly or indirectly with brokers and counterparties or with
third parties to facilitate electronic trading with brokers and counterparties;
clearing fees; operating expenses (e.g., trade clearance and settlement; corporate
action processing; trade confirmation and reconciliation); valuation and portfolio
pricing; interest charges; custodial and transfer fees, charges and financing
charges; and applicable withholding and other taxes);
all fees, costs, expenses, liabilities, and obligations attributable to investments for
(ii)
the Client, including those related to research (e.g., database access), purchase,
sale, transmittal or custody of trading assets, and all costs and expenses for
operations technology (e.g., order, execution, and portfolio management
applications and hardware, and any consultants or other service providers related
to the maintenance and operation of same) utilized by, or for the benefit of, the
Client;
costs and expenses associated with or deriving from obtaining and maintaining
(iii)
exchange memberships and credit ratings;
any taxes and duties payable in any jurisdiction in connection with the particular
(iv)
Client’s operations;
compliance costs of regulatory and governmental inquiries, subpoenas and
(v)
proceedings (in each case, to the extent involving the particular Client or Kawa in
its capacity as investment adviser to the Client, and only to the extent permitted
by Advisers Act Rule 211(h)(2)-1);
costs associated with finding (e.g., finder’s fees), brokering, real estate
(vi)
commissions, structuring, restructuring, organizing, reorganizing, pricing and
valuing, appraisal, due diligence, including background investigations on third
parties, titling and title transfer, acquiring, developing, financing, refinancing,
obtaining credit ratings, engineering and environmental costs and expenses,
managing (e.g., property and asset management fees), operating, holding, taking
public or private, winding up, liquidating, dissolving or disposing of a Client or a
Client’s investments; including without limitation, interest on borrowings and
commitment fees, and related expenses payable to
lenders, brokerage
commissions, bank service fees, withholding fees and charges, and other trading-
related expenses, fees of independent pricing services, extraordinary expenses
such as costs of a litigation or investigation related to the Client or to a Client(s)
investment;
costs of any litigation or investigation involving Client activities and, to the extent
(vii)
applicable, indemnification costs and expenses, and the cost of any legal
judgments and settlements, in each case to the extent permitted by Advisers Act
Rule 211(h)(2)-1;
legal, financial and tax accounting, auditing, bookkeeping, and other professional
(viii)
fees and expenses, including without limitation, consulting, expert, and appraisal
fees and expenses pertaining to the Client;
costs and expenses associated with the preparation and distribution of financial
(ix)
statements, tax returns, tax estimates, FATCA filings and Schedule K-1s or any
other administrative, regulatory, or other government-related reporting or filing;
and any jurisdiction-specific investor reporting, or other supplemental reporting
such as risk reports including, without limitation, OPERA reports;
external administrative costs (including the fees and out-of-pocket expenses of
(x)
any third-party administrator);
establishing computer and systems connectivity with the administrator and other
(xi)
third-party service providers;
any paying agency, transfer agency, accounting verification (if any) and/or
(xii)
investor registrar services;
due diligence expenses,
including due diligence relating to anti-money
(xiii)
laundering, know your customer and other inquiries;
costs of maintaining a Client’s registered office in any applicable jurisdiction;
(xiv)
costs associated with the offering and sale of beneficial interests in a Fund
(xv)
(including, without limitation, all ongoing offering expenses of the Fund;
professional fees and expenses in connection with the update of the offering
documents, constitutional documents and other
relevant documents;
communication expenses with respect to investor services and all expenses
relating to investor meetings, if any; and costs of preparing, printing, mailing, and
distributing financial and other reports, forms, proxies and similar documents);
reasonable promotional expenses related to marketing efforts by the Fund’s
investment manager, or a placement agent (third-party or affiliated with the
manager) (other than any placement fees);
legal, compliance, tax, bookkeeping, accounting and audit costs, fees and
(xvi)
expenses relating
to
the Client’s regulatory and self-regulatory
filings,
registrations, memberships and reporting (including, but not limited to, expenses
incurred in connection with complying with applicable U.S. and non-U.S. reporting
obligations, such as those required by the SEC, the CFTC, the NFA, and their
counterparts in other jurisdictions, as applicable, as well as out-of-pocket costs of
preparing regulatory filings related to the Client or us with respect to the Client,
including but not limited to Form PF and Form CPO-PQR, or any other
administrative, regulatory or other government related report or filing);
the costs and fees attributable to any third-party proxy voting or class actions
(xvii)
service or consultant;
travel and related expenses of Kawa personnel (including first class airfare,
(xviii)
business class airfare and/or private charter (only when reasonably necessary, in
Kawa’s discretion, due to lack of adequate commercial aviation options), lodging,
ground transportation and meals) incurred in connection with the Client’s existing
investments, potential investments or operations (e.g., related to investment
research, due diligence, execution, inspection, meetings with counterparties,
structuring advisors or issuers (or equivalent);
(xix) Directors’ fees and expenses; and any Client’s Advisory Committee-related fees
and expenses, including for meetings and operations; all out of pocket fees, costs
and expenses incurred by the Client, or any other person in connection with and
if applicable, any meetings of investors or committees related to the Client’s
investments;
the Client’s insurance costs, including without limitation, for liability, errors and
(xx)
omissions insurance (including insurance for the members, partners, officers,
employees and agents of any of them), and directors and officers’ insurance, if
any;
organizational costs, and costs of maintaining a Client’s corporate existence, and
(xxi)
registration or securities exchange-listing expenses and fees; and
costs and expenses of a Client that are classifiable under U.S. GAAP as
(xxii)
extraordinary expenses.
SMA Clients can also bear certain specific expenses in relation to their account, some of
which are the same as those enumerated above, including any applicable management fees,
costs and expenses related to the SMA Client’s portfolio investments and any other costs and
expenses agreed to between the SMA Client and the Adviser, including indemnification.
Unless otherwise specified in the Fund offering documents or a written agreement with
an SMA, and/or any other relevant agreement(s), Kawa shall bear its own overhead and other
expenses. A Client’s expenses are paid directly by the Client, or by reimbursement of Kawa for
any such expenses which Kawa has paid in the first instance. In any instance where there is an
inconsistency or conflict between this Item 5.C. and the fee and expense terms set forth in the
relevant offering or organizational documents and/or relevant agreement(s) of a Fund or SMA,
the terms of such offering or organizational documents and/or relevant agreement(s) shall
prevail and control.
If certain of the fees and expenses detailed above are properly chargeable to more than
one Client, then such fees and expenses typically will be allocated pro rata among such Clients,
based on the assets under management of each Client; provided that such fees and expenses
may be allocated among such Clients on any other basis if a determination is made in good faith
that such other basis is more equitable, and any affected Fund investors receive advanced,
written notice of the non-pro rata allocation and the basis for Kawa’s good faith determination
that such allocation is fair and equitable. Under certain circumstances, certain expenses borne
by a Client will have the effect of benefiting one or more investors or group of investors in such
Client vehicle, without benefiting all investors in such vehicle. Kawa is entitled to reimbursement
from a Client to the extent Kawa or its affiliate pays or incurs a fee, cost or expense on behalf of
that Client, which fee, cost or expense is properly chargeable to such Client that was disclosed
as required.
It is critical that you refer to the relevant offering documents or, in the case of a SMA
Client the relevant investment management agreement, for a complete understanding of
how the Adviser is compensated for its investment management services and for additional
or supplementary information regarding the expenses paid by Clients. The information
contained in this Section is a summary only and is qualified in its entirety by such
documents.
5.D. Advance Payment of Fees
In general, and subject to agreement otherwise, management compensation (in the form
of a management fee or PPS) is paid to Kawa in advance for the relevant period (month, quarter,
semi-annual or annual). Such compensation is prorated for any period that is less than the full,
relevant period. If our investment services end prior to the last day of the relevant period (such as
due to a redemption or the end of the term), any prepaid amount in excess of the prorated
compensation shall be returned to the relevant Client.
5.E. No Compensation for Sale of Securities or Other Investment Products
Kawa’s supervised persons do not receive compensation based on the sale of securities
or other investment products including without limitation, asset-based sales charges or service
fees from the sale of mutual funds.
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Kawa has performance-based compensation arrangements with some of our Clients.
Any performance-based compensation charged by Kawa complies with Rule 205-3 under the
Advisers Act, unless that rule is inapplicable for any reason, including by reason of Advisers Act
Section 205(b) or interpretive positions of the staff of the SEC.
Not all Clients are charged performance-based compensation. The performance-based
compensation charged to each Client may differ, and these arrangements may create conflicts
of interest because of the potential for Kawa to receive higher fees from Clients with
performance-based compensation or performance-based compensation set higher than for
other Clients. As a result, Kawa has an incentive to direct the best investment ideas to, or to
allocate or sequence trades in favor of: (i) a Client that pays performance compensation instead
of, or before, a Client that does not; (ii) a Client account performing above its high water mark or
hurdle (that would be required to pay incentive allocation) instead of, or before a Client
performing below its high water mark or hurdle; and/or (iii) a Client with a more achievable
incentive allocation. To mitigate such conflicts of interest, Kawa’s policy is to allocate securities
trades and opportunities across all our Clients in a manner that is fair and equitable over time.
See Item 8.B. (Material Risk of Investment Strategies—Conflicts of Interest) for more information.
In addition, performance-based compensation provides an incentive for Kawa to
recommend riskier or more speculative investments than those that would be recommended
otherwise. Performance-based compensation received by Kawa is typically based primarily on
net realized and unrealized gains and losses, so compensation earned could be based on gains
that Clients never realize.
Item 7. Types of Clients
See Item 4 (Advisory Business) for information on the types of clients to whom we
generally provide investment advice. The Funds have investor qualification criteria which are set
forth in their respective offering documents and subscription application materials. Investors are
typically required to make certain representations when investing in a Fund including, but not
limited to, that: (i) they are acquiring interests for their own accounts; (ii) they are sophisticated
enough and have received or had access to all information they deem relevant to evaluate the
merits and risks of the prospective investment; and (iii) they have the ability to bear the economic
risk of an investment in the applicable Fund. Kawa also obtains similar representations and
warranties from its SMA Clients in the relevant agreement.
In addition, we may enter into, and have entered into, separate agreements, commonly
referred to as “side letters” with certain investors in a Fund, which can modify or add to any of
the terms in the relevant offering documents for a Fund, including fee reductions, waivers or
sharing arrangements or other modifications. Under certain circumstances, these agreements
could create preferences or priorities for such investors with respect to other investors.
This Brochure is designed solely to provide information about Kawa and should not be
considered an offer of interests in any Fund.
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
The descriptions provided below are brief overviews of the investment strategies and are
not intended to be complete. All investing involves risk of loss, and the investment strategies we
offer could lose money over short or even long periods. Please refer to each Fund’s offering
documents for a more detailed discussion of the relevant Fund’s investment strategy and related
risks. The investment strategies described below involve a substantial degree of risk and Clients
may, and should be able to, lose all or a substantial portion of the value of their investments.
Material risks relating to the investment strategies are described in more detail in the applicable
Fund’s offering documents, as well as in summary in Item 8.B. below.
8.A. Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
The Kawa Fund
The principal investment objective of the Kawa Fund is to deliver substantial returns while
limiting downside risk through diversification. Kawa seeks to obtain diversification by having a
less correlated set of liquid and less-liquid investment themes. Kawa seeks positive absolute
returns during an entire market cycle, without necessarily being impacted by equity market
returns, by limiting concentration in specific assets and seeking to hedge particular risks to the
extent it believes it is advisable and practicable to do so.
The strategy generally focuses on investments in securities where Kawa believes the
market price does not adequately reflect the securities’ intrinsic value. Kawa invests in both liquid
and less-liquid tradable markets for The Kawa Fund through regulated exchanges and by over-
the-counter trades. Except for certain highly illiquid assets, The Kawa Fund generally does not
employ limitations on sectors, industries or securities.
Kawa generally bases its investment decisions on internal research and, from time to
time, on research obtained from outside sources. Kawa evaluates the downside/upside potential
of positions in The Kawa Fund based on what it believes to be the most relevant material
information.
As a general matter, Kawa’s investment philosophy, in particular as it relates to the
investment strategy of the Kawa Fund, is value- and event-oriented, specializing in the
identification and analysis of securities that Kawa believes can benefit from extraordinary events
or conditions. The Kawa Fund has in the past and may in the future employ leverage for
investment purposes, to fund redemptions or for other purposes. The Fund also has and may
engage in short sales.
The Kawa Fund’s portfolio managers are responsible for investment decision-making,
including asset allocation, security selection, portfolio construction, and portfolio risk
management.
Strategic Funds
From time to time, Kawa identifies specific sectors or strategies where it is advantageous
to have separate Strategic Funds. Such Strategic Funds have more specific mandates than The
Kawa Fund and therefore are less diversified than The Kawa Fund. Their strategies generally
focus on investments in securities or assets where Kawa believes the market price does not
adequately reflect the intrinsic value or in securities or assets of a specific type. Where a
particular investment is suitable for a Strategic Fund and another Client or Clients, Kawa, as a
fiduciary, acts fairly and equitably with respect to the involved Clients, as described in Item 8.B.
(Allocation of an Investment or Opportunity), and in Item 12.B (Aggregation of Orders). Each
Strategic Fund differs as to liquidity, trading, strategy, leverage targets and risk parameters.
Further detail is provided in the offering documents for the applicable Strategic Fund. For
example, for Strategic Funds focusing on real estate lending, Kawa’s investment strategy
primarily focuses on originating primary transactions in, and to a lesser extent, engaging in
secondary acquisitions of, U.S. commercial real estate loans and/or participation interests
secured by first mortgages, second mortgages, and/or equity pledges (including, without
limitation, mezzanine loans).
SPE Funds
From time-to-time Kawa identifies special situations or opportunities in certain assets
where it is advantageous to have a single-purpose closed-end fund, typically because Kawa
believes that a certain asset’s market price does not adequately reflect the assets’ intrinsic value.
For any SPE Fund, the strategies, nature of the asset or assets the SPE will invest in, and the
terms of such investment are disclosed to prospective investors before they make an investment.
Separately Managed Accounts
Kawa manages each SMA in accordance with the investment guidelines set out in an
Investment Management Agreement. Kawa’s mandate for a particular SMA may be identical to
or closely similar to a particular Fund. Or, a particular SMA may have a very different mandate,
customized for the SMA’s goals and preferences. Where a particular investment is suitable for
an SMA and another Client, Kawa as a fiduciary, acts fairly and equitably with respect to the
involved Clients, as described in Item 8.B. (Allocation of an Investment or Opportunity), and in
Item 12.B. (Aggregation of Orders). Certain SMAs, pursuant to their own specific investment
guidelines, restrict Kawa from making certain types of investments or implementing certain
strategies, such as executing short sales, certain hedging techniques that are more susceptible
to risk, or purchasing certain types of investments. The SMA’s portfolio manager(s) are
responsible for investment decision-making, including asset allocation, security selection,
portfolio construction, and portfolio risk management.
Origination and Sourcing. Kawa’s investment personnel (the “Investment Team”) uses their
network from which to source opportunities and/or deal flow and referrals, identify potential
portfolio investments from a variety of different investment sources including, among others,
brokers, financial intermediaries and advisers, investment bankers, private equity sponsors, real
estate funds, family offices, accounting firms and law firms.
Due Diligence Process. Prior to making an investment decision, the Investment Team conducts
research and diligence into the investment opportunity, whether that is a decision to purchase a
security or originate a loan. Each transaction or opportunity involves a somewhat different
approach, however diligence of each opportunity typically includes a combination of the
following:
• understanding the purpose of the loan or the investment, the key personnel and variables,
as well as the sources and uses and uses of the proceeds as relevant;
• meeting management or sponsor to get an insider’s view of the business, and to probe
for potential weakness in business prospects;
• checking management/sponsorship backgrounds and references;
• performing a detailed review of historical financial performance;
• contacting tenants, customers and/or vendors to assess both business viability and
standard practices; and
• conducting a competitive analysis, and comparing the issuer and/or collateral to its main
competitors.
8.B. Material Risks of Investment Strategies
Set forth below is an overview of the primary risks associated with the type of investing
described herein. However, it is not possible to identify all of the risks associated with investing.
The particular risks applicable to a Client will depend on the nature of the account or Fund, its
investment strategy or strategies and the types of securities or assets held. As such, it is critical
that you consult your offering documents for a complete understanding of the significant risks
associated with this type of investing. The information contained herein is a summary only and
qualified in its entirety by the relevant offering documents.
General Risks.
Management Risk. Our judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential
appreciation of a particular asset class or individual security or asset may be incorrect and there
is no guarantee that individual securities or assets will perform as anticipated. The value of an
individual security or asset can be more volatile than the market as a whole or our typical intrinsic
value approach may fail to produce the intended results. Our estimate of intrinsic value may be
wrong, or even if our estimate of intrinsic value is correct, it may take a long period of time before
any market price and that estimate converge.
Overall Investment Risk. All investments risk the loss of capital. The investment
techniques and strategies and the nature of the securities and/or assets to be purchased and
traded by Kawa may increase these risks. While Kawa will devote its best efforts to the
management of Client portfolios, there can be no assurance that Clients and Fund investors will
not incur substantial losses. Many unforeseeable events may cause sharp market fluctuations
which could adversely affect performance. Changes in the macroeconomic environment
including, for example, interest rates, inflation rates, industry conditions, energy and commodity
availability and prices, competition, technological developments, political events and trends,
changes to tax laws, currency exchange rate, regulatory policy, employment and consumer
demand and numerous other factors, could substantially and adversely affect performance.
Investments could also be materially adversely affected by natural disasters and terrorist acts.
None of these macroeconomic conditions will be within the control of Kawa.
Opportunity Identification Risk. There can be no assurance that Kawa will be able to find
a sufficient number of attractive investment opportunities that are consistent with a Client’s
investment objectives and guidelines. Market conditions and other factors may limit the
availability of investment opportunities and the competition for investment opportunities may be
high. Such limitations may cause delays in deploying a Client’s capital (including undrawn capital
commitments, if applicable) and may negatively impact a Client’s returns.
Business and Regulatory Risks. Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur that may
have a significant impact on Kawa’s business and Clients. The regulatory environment for
registered investment advisors and private funds, in particular, is evolving, and changes in the
regulation of registered investment advisors and private funds may have a significant impact on
Kawa’s business and potentially the value of investments held by Clients, a Client’s trading
strategy or certain opportunities. In addition, securities and futures markets are subject to
comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. Regulators and self-regulatory
organizations and exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market
emergencies. The regulation of derivative transactions and funds that engage in such
transactions is an evolving area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial
actions. The effect of any future regulatory change may be substantial and adverse to Kawa and
certain Clients, including, for example, increased compliance costs, the prohibition of certain
types of trading and/or the inhibition of a Fund’s ability to pursue certain of its investment
strategies as described in that Fund’s offering documents.
Cyber-Security Risks. Like other business enterprises, the use of the Internet and other
electronic media and technology exposes Kawa, its Clients and their respective service
providers, and their respective operations, to potential risks from cyber-security attacks or
incidents (collectively, “Cyber-events”). Cyber-events may include, for example, unauthorized
access to systems, networks or devices (such as, for example, through “hacking” activity),
infection from computer viruses or other malicious software code, and attacks which shut down,
disable, slow or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes or website access or
functionality. In addition to intentional Cyber-events, unintentional Cyber-events can occur, such
as, for example, the inadvertent release of confidential information. Any Cyber-event could
adversely impact Kawa, its investors and its Clients. A cyber-security breach could also result in
the loss or theft of investor data. A Cyber-event may cause a Client or its service providers to lose
proprietary information, suffer data corruption, lose operational capacity (such as, for example,
the loss of the ability to process transactions, calculate net asset value, or allow investors to
transact business), and/or fail to comply with applicable privacy and other laws. The nature of
malicious cyber-attacks is becoming increasingly sophisticated and Kawa cannot control the
cyber systems and cyber-security systems of issuers or third-party service providers.
Strategic Funds and SPE Funds. By their nature, investing in a Strategic Fund or SPE
Fund is not a diversified investment as Strategic Funds are generally limited to a particular
strategy, sector or type(s) of security/ies, and SPE Funds are generally limited to a single asset,
or a small number of particular assets. Each Strategic Fund and SPE Fund will have a
concentrated investment program and expects to have a relatively concentrated exposure to a
particular security, asset, industry and/or market sector. Such a lack of diversification increases
the risks to the portfolios of each Strategic Fund and SPE Fund. Furthermore, investors in
Strategic Funds and SPE Funds are encouraged to read carefully the risk factors in the offering
documents for the relevant Strategic Fund or SPE Fund as they will contain more specific risk
disclosures as to the specific Fund.
Material Non-Public Information Risk. In the course of Kawa’s advisory and/or other
activities, the Firm, its personnel and/or its affiliates may acquire confidential or material non-
public information, or be restricted from initiating transactions in certain securities. Kawa will not
be free to divulge, or to act upon, any such confidential or material non-public information and,
due to these restrictions, it may not be able to initiate a transaction for a Client that it otherwise
might have initiated. As a result, a Client account may be frozen in an investment position that it
otherwise might have liquidated or closed out or may not be able to acquire a position that it
might otherwise have acquired.
Multi-Strategy Credit Risks.
Short Selling. Short sales are speculative transactions and involve special risks. In order
to initiate a short position, a security must be borrowed. Short sales incur a loss if the price of the
security sold short increases in value between the date of the short sale and the date when we
purchase the security to replace the borrowed security. Losses are potentially unlimited in
certain short sale transactions.
Use of Leverage. Leverage is the use of borrowed funds to pay for a portion of the
purchase price of an investment. Using leverage will maximize the initial amount of securities
able to be purchased and potentially enhance performance. The use of leverage, however, will
add to the risk of the investments, as declines in the price of a security could result in a substantial
loss of the investment in the security if forced to sell the security as the result of a demand to
repay any amounts borrowed. As with any leveraged investment, the use of leverage may result
in losses in excess of the amount invested. Utilization of leverage will also increase a Fund’s
expenses due to the interest charges on the borrowed funds, thus potentially adversely affecting
the performance for Clients.
Hedging Risks. A Fund may attempt to create “hedged positions” consisting of
investments in a number of different instruments. The valuation models and trading techniques
which will be used to determine the constituents of the “hedged position” are extremely complex,
and the series of transactions required to create the “hedged position” are often difficult to
execute. In some instances, during the process of setting up a hedged position, the position may
remain temporarily unhedged for a significant period of time. The “hedged positions” generally
will not be hedged against all known risks. For example, a “hedged position” consisting of a long
foreign convertible bond and a short position in the underlying stock is potentially exposed to
changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates. A Fund marks to market the hedged
positions held in its portfolio once such positions have been hedged, giving rise to a possible risk
to such Fund that the relevant investment adviser may be compensated based on such hedged
positions.
Illiquidity. Markets which have traditionally been very liquid may suddenly lose liquidity,
and we consequently may be unable to sell positions or unable to sell at fair value. Additionally,
we may acquire investments in securities that are already illiquid and, should there be an urgent
need to sell, buyers may not emerge or may not emerge at fair value, causing an adverse effect
to performance.
Digital Assets. For Clients whose investment mandates permit trading in digital assets,
Kawa has recommended or made investments in derivatives - e.g., futures - based on a digital
currency. Kawa may seek to invest Clients’ assets in other digital assets, including digital
currencies. Digital assets are very speculative investments, are highly volatile and involve a high
degree of risk. Due to the novelty of digital assets as an investment, the market infrastructure
through which digital assets are exchanged and the regulatory foundation upon which digital
assets are regulated are still in their respective infancies when compared to more traditional
assets like stocks, bonds, mutual funds, or ETFs. Digital assets are highly speculative investments
that can be extremely volatile. The price history of all digital assets may not be reflective of its
future price potential. The values ascribed to digital assets can change dramatically even intra-
day. Digital assets are not protected by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the
Securities Investor Protection Corporation. The exchange and availability of digital assets is
wholly dependent on the availability and proper functioning of the internet, the electronic
platforms storing such digital assets, and the owner’s control and possession of any needed
password or digital key. Any downtime, unavailability, hacker intrusion, or loss of access is a risk
that a digital asset investor should be prepared to bear.
Risks of Virtual Currency Derivatives. The risks associated with virtual currency
derivatives include (1) significant price volatility; (2) margin requirement risks (initial margin may
be set as a percentage of the value of a particular contract, resulting in the increase of the margin
requirements for long positions if the price of the contract rises); (3) Futures Commission
Merchants (“FCMs”) restriction risks (some FCMs may impose restrictions on trading activity,
including but are not limited to requiring additional margin, imposing position limits, or
prohibiting naked shorting or give-in transactions); and (4) liquidation risks (the contract markets
on which virtual currency derivatives trade may impose trading halts that may restrict a market
participant's ability to exit a position during a period of high volatility).
General Risks of Arbitrage Transactions. The success of arbitrage strategies often
depends on the ability to execute two or more simultaneous transactions at desired prices.
Should such transactions not be executed simultaneously at the desired prices, losses may be
incurred on both sides of the transaction. Additionally, separate costs are incurred on both sides
of an arbitrage transaction, and substantial favorable price moves may be required before a profit
can be realized. Merger arbitrage transactions are
inherently volatile. The short-term
performance of portfolio securities may fluctuate significantly. If the proposed transaction is not
consummated or delayed,
the value of such securities purchased may decline
significantly.Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”). SPACs are generally formed
for the purpose of effecting a merger or other form of business combination within a finite period
of time. SPACs, especially those that have recently completed their initial public offerings, may
be unseasoned and lack significant trading, operational and/or financial reporting history. Prior
to the announcement of a business combination, a SPAC has no ongoing business activities
other than seeking a business combination, and its common shares may lack liquidity and trade
at a discount to its redemption value. At the time of a proposed combination, public shareholders
are generally afforded the right to redeem their shares for their proportionate value of the SPAC
trust. Public shareholders may not have a meaningful opportunity to vote on the proposal
because certain shareholders, including those affiliated with the SPAC management team, may
have sufficient voting power, and financial incentive, to approve a transaction without public
shareholder support. There is no guarantee that a SPAC will propose or complete a business
combination. If a SPAC does not complete a business combination within the allotted timeframe,
public shares are typically redeemed for cash with funds from the SPAC trust account.
Investments in SPACs may be considered illiquid and subject to restrictions on resale.
Special Situations. Investments in companies involved in (or the target of) acquisition
attempts or tender offers or companies
involved
in work-outs,
liquidations, spin-offs,
reorganizations, bankruptcies and similar transactions are subject to the risk that the transaction
in which such business enterprise is involved either will be unsuccessful, will take considerable
time or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security the value of which will be less than
the purchase price of the security or other financial instrument in respect of which such
distribution is received. In connection with such transactions (or otherwise), securities may be
purchased on a when-issued basis, which means that delivery and payment take place sometime
after the date of the commitment to purchase and is often conditioned upon the occurrence of a
subsequent event, such as approval and consummation or a merger, reorganization or debt
restructuring.
Emerging Markets Risks.
Emerging Market Risk. Investing in emerging markets and in emerging markets’
currencies involves certain considerations not usually associated with investing in developed
countries, including political and economic considerations, such as greater risks of expropriation
and nationalization, confiscatory taxation, the potential difficulty of repatriating funds, general
social, political and economic instability and adverse diplomatic developments; the possibility of
imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividends, interest, capital gain or other income; the
small size of the securities markets in such countries and the low volume of trading, resulting in
potential lack of liquidity and in price volatility; fluctuations in the rate of exchange between
currencies and costs associated with currency conversion; and certain government policies that
may restrict investment opportunities. There is also less regulation, generally, of markets in
emerging countries than there is in developed countries. Generally, emerging securities markets
are characterized by a relatively small number of actively traded issues and high price volatility.
These and other factors may make it difficult to dispose of emerging markets securities,
particularly when large numbers of investors desire to dispose of securities at the same time. In
addition, these factors may limit the supply of securities available for investment. This may affect
the rate at which Clients are able to invest in listed securities in emerging markets, the purchase
and sale prices for such securities and the timing of conversions, purchases and sales.
Sovereign Debt. Investing in instruments of government issuers in emerging and frontier
markets may involve significant economic and political risks. Holders of certain emerging and
frontier market instruments may be requested to participate in the restructuring and
rescheduling of these obligations and to extend further loans to their issuers. Investing in
securities of non-U.S. governments and companies that are denominated or whose prices are
quoted in non-U.S. currencies and utilization of options on non-U.S. securities involves certain
considerations comprising both risks and opportunities not typically associated with investing in
securities of the United States Government or United States companies. These considerations
include changes in exchange rates and exchange control regulations, political and social
instability, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes, less liquid markets and less available
information than is generally the case in the United States, higher transaction costs, foreign
government restrictions, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, greater
risks associated with counterparties and settlement, difficulty in enforcing contractual
obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility.
Macro and Derivatives Risks.
Futures and Options. As part of the hedging and investment strategy, Funds and SMAs
have and may invest in the futures and options markets. To the extent a Fund or SMA engages in
transactions in futures contracts and options on futures contracts, the profitability (if any) of the
transaction will depend to some degree on the ability of Kawa to analyze correctly the futures
and options markets.
Futures Trading Is Speculative. Futures prices are highly volatile. Price movements for
futures are influenced by, among other things, government trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange
control policies; weather and climate conditions; changing supply and demand relationships;
national and international political and economic events; and changes in interest rates.
Futures Trading Can Be Highly Leveraged. The low margin deposits normally required
in futures trading permit an extremely high degree of leverage. Any increase in the amount of
leverage applied by Kawa in trading on behalf of Funds and SMAs will increase the risk of loss by
the amount of additional leverage applied.
Futures Trading May Be Illiquid. Most United States exchanges limit fluctuations in
most futures contract prices during a single day by regulations referred to as “daily price
fluctuation limits” or “daily limits”. During a single trading day, no trades may be executed at
prices beyond the daily limit.
Commodity Futures Trading Is Highly Volatile and Highly Leveraged. Commodity
futures prices can be highly volatile. Accordingly, a relatively small price movement in a contract
may result in immediate and substantial losses to an investor. Investing in commodities and
forward or futures contracts is a highly specialized investment activity entailing greater than
ordinary investment risk.
Dependence on Occurrence of Events. The success of macro investment strategies
depends upon the ability to identify and exploit perceived fundamental, economic, financial and
political imbalances that may exist in and between markets throughout the world. Identification
and exploitation of such imbalances involves significant uncertainties. There can be no
assurance that Kawa will be able to locate investment opportunities or to exploit such
imbalances.
Special Investment Instruments and Techniques. Kawa expects to utilize a variety of
special investment instruments and techniques to hedge against various risks (such as changes
in interest rates or other factors that affect security values) or for non-hedging purposes to
pursue investment objectives. Certain of the special investment instruments and techniques that
Kawa may use are speculative and involve a high degree of risk, particularly in the context of non-
hedging transactions.
Currency Transactions. Changes in currency exchange rates may affect the value of
Client investments. The value of currencies are influenced by a variety of factors, that include:
interest rates, national debt levels and trade deficits, changes in balances of payments and trade,
domestic and foreign interest and inflation rates, global or regional political, economic or
financial events, monetary policies of governments, actual or potential government intervention,
global energy prices, political instability and government monetary policies and the buying or
selling of currency by a country’s government. Investments in foreign currencies are subject to
the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the US dollar or, in the case of
hedged positions, that the US dollar will decline relative to the currency being hedged. Currency
exchange rates can be volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably, thereby impacting the
value of a Client’s investments.
Counterparty Credit Risk. Many of the markets in which Kawa effects transactions are
“over-the-counter” or “inter-dealer” markets. The participants in these markets are typically not
subject to credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of “exchange based”
markets. A credit risk, as well as the risk of settlement default, exists with regard to parties with
whom Kawa invests in certain swaps, derivative or synthetic instruments, or other over-the-
counter transactions on behalf of its Funds and SMAs.
Risks of Derivatives. The risks posed by derivatives include (1) credit risks (the exposure
to the possibility of loss resulting from a counterparty’s failure to meet its financial obligations);
(2) market risks (adverse movements in the price of a financial asset or commodity); (3) legal risks
(an action by a court or by a regulatory or legislative body that could invalidate a financial
contract); (4) operations risks (inadequate controls, deficient procedures, human error, system
failure or fraud; (5) documentation risks (exposure to losses resulting from inadequate
documentation); (6) liquidity risks (exposure to losses created by the inability to prematurely
terminate a derivative); (7) systematic risks (the risk that financial difficulties in one institution or
a major market disruption will cause uncontrollable financial harm to the financial system); (8)
concentration risks (exposure to losses from concentration of closely-related risks such as
exposure to a particular industry or exposure linked to a particular entity); and (9) settlement risks
(the risk that the portfolio has when it has performed its obligations under a contract but has not
yet received value from its counterparty).
Lack of Derivative Availability. Because the markets for certain derivative instruments
(including markets located in foreign countries) are relatively new and still developing, suitable
derivatives transactions may not be available in all circumstances for risk management or other
purposes.
Real Estate Ownership and Lending Risks.
Investments in Real Estate. Some of the risks associated with real estate investments
include (i) lack of demand for commercial real estate in a locale, (ii) changes in general economic
or local conditions, (iii) changes in supply of, or demand for, similar or competing properties in an
area, (iv) uncertainty of cash flow to meet loan or other fixed obligations, (v) wars, natural
disasters, severe weather patterns, terrorist attacks and similar events, (vi) changes in interest
rates, unavailability of mortgage financing which may render the sale or refinancing of property
difficult, and (vii) changes in tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws. Additionally, in
connection with the ownership (direct or indirect) of real properties, owners may face potential
costs and liabilities related to environmental laws, such as those related to the removal of
hazardous and toxic substances. Investors in Kawa real estate strategies are encouraged to
carefully read the risk factors in the offering documents for the relevant Fund as they will contain
fuller real estate-specific risk disclosures regarding the specific Fund.
Risks of Commercial Real Estate Lending and Development. Commercial real estate
loans are generally secured (directly or indirectly) by multi-family or commercial property and are
subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured
by an income producing property typically is dependent primarily upon the successful operation
of such property, which is subject to the risks related to the ownership of real estate, as described
above. In the event of any default under a real estate loan held by a Client, the Client will bear a
risk of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral and the
principal and accrued interest of the real estate loan, which could have a material adverse effect
on cash flow from operations and limit amounts available for distribution. Kawa may find it
necessary or desirable to foreclose on some real estate loans. The foreclosure process is often
lengthy and expensive. Borrowers may resist mortgage foreclosure actions by asserting
numerous claims, counterclaims and defenses, including, without limitation, numerous lender
liability claims and defenses, even when such assertions have no basis in fact, in an effort to
prolong the foreclosure action and force the lender into a modification of the loan or a favorable
buy-out of the borrower’s position. In some states, foreclosure actions can sometimes take
several years or more to litigate. At any time prior to or during the foreclosure proceedings, the
borrower may file for bankruptcy, which would have the effect of staying the foreclosure actions
and further delaying the foreclosure process. Foreclosure litigation tends to create a negative
public image of the mortgaged property and may result in disrupting the ongoing leasing,
management and operation of the property. The expense and delay associated with foreclosure
of a mortgage loan could have a substantial negative effect on the anticipated return on the
foreclosed mortgage loan. In the event of the bankruptcy of a real estate loan borrower, the real
estate loan to such borrower will be deemed to be secured only to the extent of the value of the
underlying collateral at the time of bankruptcy (as determined by the bankruptcy court), and the
lien securing the real estate loan will be subject to the avoidance powers of the bankruptcy
trustee or debtor in possession to the extent the lien is unenforceable under state law. The
bankruptcy process can involve substantial legal, professional and administrative costs, be
subject to unpredictable and lengthy delays and negatively impact the underlying property and
the return on that particular investment. The debt of entities in bankruptcy will in most cases not
pay current interest, may not accrue interest during bankruptcy and their assets may suffer an
erosion of value. Such investments can result in a total loss of principal. During the bankruptcy
process, the creditors may not take adverse actions towards the bankrupt entity or any of its
assets without court approval.
Competition for Investments. The commercial real estate lending business is highly
competitive. Competition for attractive investments is intense, and Kawa competes with
numerous other persons with similar investment objectives, including other investment funds.
Due to the size of the market, there are a number of competitors. Kawa competes or may compete
directly or indirectly with competitors’ existing third-party commercial real estate lending
programs, and these competitors may have greater financial resources or better access to
suitable investment opportunities. There can be no assurance that Kawa will be able to compete
effectively against such competitors.
Construction Loans. Real estate strategies may invest in construction loans. If Kawa
and/or its Clients fail to fund the entire commitment on a construction loan or if a borrower
otherwise fails to complete the construction of a project, there could be adverse consequences
associated with the loan, including without limitation: a loss of the value of the property securing
the loan, especially if the borrower is unable to raise funds to complete the construction of a
project from other sources; a borrower’s claim for failure to perform under the loan documents;
increased costs to the borrower that the borrower is unable to pay; a bankruptcy filing by the
borrower; and abandonment by the borrower of the collateral for the loan. The occurrence of any
one or more of such events could have a material adverse effect on Clients’ results of operations
and cash flows. Construction loans may generally be considered more risky than ordinary
commercial real estate loans.
Uncompleted Property Development Risk. Real estate strategies may invest in new or
uncompleted property development. Risks associated with the development with new properties
include, without limitation, regulatory, construction, leasing, sales and financing risks, as well as
the risk that the completed properties will be unable to achieve the targeted return on investment.
Property development typically requires substantial capital outlay during the construction period
and it may take an extended period of time to complete and to occupy before a potential return
can be generated. The time and costs required to complete a property development may be
subject to substantial extensions and increases due to many factors, including shortages of, or
price increases with respect to, construction materials (which may prove defective), equipment,
technical skills and
labor, adverse weather conditions, third party performance risks,
environmental risks, changes in market conditions, changes in government or regulatory
policies, delays in obtaining the requisite approvals, permits, licenses or certifications from the
relevant authorities and other unforeseeable problems and circumstances. Any of these factors
may lead to delays in, or prevent the completion of, a property development project and results
in costs substantially exceeding those originally budged for and for which the applicable Client
may not be adequately compensated by insurance proceeds (if any) and/or contractual
indemnities.
Lender Liability Considerations. In recent years, a number of judicial decisions in the
United States have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions and others on the
basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed “lender liability”). Borrowers under
the Loans acquired or extended by Clients may be located in jurisdictions where lenders may
have legal exposure on the basis of lender liability. Generally, lender liability is founded upon the
premise that a lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair
dealing owed to the borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower that creates
a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders, or the lender has
otherwise breached the loan documents forming a breach of contract claim. Kawa and/or its
Clients, as creditors, may be subject to allegations of lender liability. Any such claim, if
determined adversely, could have a material adverse effect on returns.
Conflicts of Interest.
Advisory Affiliates. Kawa has numerous advisory affiliates and related persons and
manages a number of different investment strategies on behalf of multiple Clients and numerous
investors, which presents a variety of conflicts of interest. Please also see Item 8.B. (Allocation of
an Investment or Opportunity), and Item 12.B. (Aggregation of Orders), below, for further
discussion of certain conflicts of interest that can arise relating to Kawa’s brokerage practices.
Valuation. Kawa’s involvement regarding valuation of the assets in a Client’s portfolio
presents a conflict of interest. For Clients where assets are fair valued and such marks will affect
the fees Kawa is entitled to, application of a discount or premium to the value of marketable
securities held in the Client’s portfolio will tend to reduce or eliminate any performance
compensation to which Kawa is eligible for the period ending on a valuation date, or increase the
amount of loss carryforward to be recovered before a performance allocation would be payable.
Kawa mitigates this risk by means of a written Valuation Policy that provides for, among other
things, obtaining independent pricing for portfolio securities and a Valuation Committee. A
sample of a Fund’s valuation is also tested in an annual independent audit. In some instances,
Kawa mitigates certain valuation conflicts using one or more of the following: by assessing a fixed
fee; using a robust mark-to-model process for “Level 3” assets; obtaining independent quotes for
non-exchange traded over-the-counter securities (“OTC Securities”); or by obtaining relevant
opinions of value or appraisals for less liquid, more difficult to price assets (e.g., real estate) that
are not securities. Due to differing independent pricing model software used by different market
participants, among other reasons, certain OTC Securities that are held in more than one Client
account may be priced differently in one Client Account versus the other, although the
differences will be de minimis. Before investing, investors should review the particular Kawa
strategy’s offering documents to determine how that investment vehicle’s portfolio assets are
valued.
Certain Asset Backed Securities. Kawa purchases for, or recommends to, Clients,
securities that are directly or indirectly backed by assets, including but not limited to, U.S. real
estate property leased to commercial tenants (“Asset Backed Securities”). Kawa, on behalf of
itself and Clients, may sell such Asset Backed Securities to a third party or, sponsor a
securitization transaction where Asset Backed Securities held by Kawa and/or multiple Clients
are transferred in exchange for cash and/or new securities (typically either debt securities or
trust certificates) in the securitization vehicle. In these transactions, Kawa works with the
depositor broker dealer, on behalf of Kawa and its Clients, in agreeing to the terms of the
Securitization Transaction, including regarding the amount of cash and/or the pricing of the new
securities to be received by Kawa and/or Kawa Clients in connection with the Securitization
Transaction. Kawa’s involvement in purchasing and/or recommending the purchase of Asset
Backed Securities on behalf of itself and Clients as well as in regard to negotiating the terms of
Securitization Transactions, including the allocation and pricing of the different classes of
Securitization Transaction securities, could give rise to a conflict of interest between its role or
roles in relation to the Securitization Transaction, and its role as an investment adviser to its
Clients to whom it recommends the Asset Backed Securities. To mitigate any such conflicts,
Kawa will act in a fair and equitable manner to each Client to whom it recommends Asset Backed
Securities and securities in Securitization Transactions, and Kawa Clients and/or Kawa shall
purchase such securities at the price established by, and through, the relevant broker dealer
advising, underwriting and/or acting as the depositor, and Kawa will be subject to the same terms
and conditions as its clients, if any, who participate in the same class of securities.
Pricing and Valuation of Certain Asset Backed and Other Securities. Asset Backed
Securities and securities issued in Securitization Transactions purchased by Kawa Clients are
typically smaller sized issuances, in dollar terms, are illiquid, and are thinly traded. Although
Kawa obtains pricing for such Asset Backed Securities and the securities issued in Securitization
Transactions from independent, third-party sources, the valuation of such securities can differ
significantly from the values that would have been established if an active market for such
securities existed, and historically has differed significantly from prices obtained for the Asset
Backed Securities and the securities issued in Securitization Transactions in subsequent sales
by the Client accounts or, as to certain Asset Backed Securities, in connection with a
Securitization.
Business Time Allocation. In general, with respect to each Client, Kawa and each of its
affiliates, principals, respective shareholders, directors, employees and officers (hereinafter
referred to as the “Affiliated Parties”) has and will continue to use its best efforts in connection
with the purposes and objectives of the Client and to devote as much of its time and effort to the
affairs of the Client’s investment vehicle as may, in its judgment, be necessary to accomplish the
purposes of that vehicle. However, the Affiliated Parties act as investment adviser or investment
manager, manages funds, separate accounts or capital for others and serve as an officer,
director, consultant, partner or stockholder for multiple Kawa-managed and other investment
funds and financial and charitable ventures. The Affiliated Parties may engage - simultaneously
with their investment management and other activities on behalf of Clients - in other businesses,
and may render similar asset management and other services for other individuals, companies,
trusts or persons, and shall not by reason of engaging in such other businesses or rendering of
services for others be deemed to be acting in conflict with the interests of any particular Client
or investor in a Kawa-managed vehicle. As a result of the foregoing, the Affiliated Parties have
potential conflicts of interest in allocating their time and activity between Clients and other
entities. Kawa and the Affiliated Parties, as relevant, will seek to mitigate such conflicts by means
of the above-stated contractual terms, as well as by discharging other applicable legal duties,
including Kawa Capital Management’s duty to its advisory Clients.
Block Trades. Kawa may determine that, in making investment decisions for Client
accounts, securities considered for investment by one account also are appropriate for another
account managed by Kawa. On occasions when the purchase or sale of a security is deemed to
be in the best interest of more than one account, Kawa may, but is not obligated to, block orders
for the purchase or sale of securities for all such accounts to the extent consistent with best
execution and the terms of the relevant investment mandate.
Kawa may include proprietary or related persons’ accounts (including certain SMAs or
the Funds in which Kawa may have significant ownership interest) in such block trades, subject
to its duty to seek best execution.
It may not always be possible or consistent with the investment objectives of the various
Clients for the same investment positions to be taken or liquidated at the same time or at the
same price. Simultaneous identical portfolio transactions for more than one Client may tend to
increase the prices required to be paid by Clients for purchase and decrease the prices received
for sales of portfolio holdings.
Allocation of an Investment or Opportunity. Prior to executing a transaction, the Adviser
may augment the allocation of an investment or opportunity from its then-current standard
allocation, in light of any of the following Allocation Factors, so that the transaction does not
result in improper or undisclosed advantage or disadvantage to other accounts, and it results in
fair access over time to trading opportunities for all eligible managed accounts. (1) the
concentration or diversification of each eligible account at the time of the trade with respect to a
particular investment or opportunity’s: (i) asset class; (ii) asset sub-class; (iii) issuer; (iv) industry
or sector; or (v) geographic exposure or risk; (2) different investment mandates: i.e., the eligible
accounts investment guidelines and limitations differ, including differences in their: (i) risk-return
profile, and the risk management profiles and risk management considerations; (ii) strategic or
tactical mandates or asset allocations (including as to the factors enumerated in clauses (1)(i)-
(v), above); (iii) any specific investment periods, including ramp up and wind down; (3) different
documented/expressed client preferences (which are not expressed in the client’s investment
mandate); (4) cash availability or expected future cash availability;; (6) a redemption request
received by a client fund requires the preservation of cash; (7) tax considerations relating to the
investment (e.g., FIRPTA, UBTI, ECI); (8) liquidity of the asset – including its term or duration – or
transfer or assignment provisions of the investment or opportunity (9) Clients’ contractual or
legal; (10) regulatory considerations; (11) co-investment obligation commitments agreed by
Affiliated Parties for that type of investment or opportunity; (12) limitations related to brokerage
arrangements; (13) legacy position – a position added prior to inception of a newer Client is being
rolled over, sold or closed; and (14) other – any other factors that Affiliated Parties reasonably
determine warrant an allocation deviating from the then-current standard allocations.
Kawa may and has used the above factors to determine that it is in the best interests of
such Clients to allocate a particular investment to separate Client accounts, notwithstanding
that such a determination may and has resulted in charging different, and higher, fees and has
otherwise provided different treatment to the different Clients.
Kawa does not necessarily invest the accounts of Clients with overlapping mandates in
the same securities or assets, and each Client’s portfolio may and does have different asset
allocations and investment returns. Clients should not expect the performance of their portfolios
to be identical to any other Client, even if they share similarities as to investment policies,
objectives or strategies, or hold assets in common.
No Obligation to Allocate to Non-Clients. Kawa has no obligation to allocate any
investment or investment opportunity to any investor or prospective investor who is not an
advisory client of Kawa. Given typically participants in a co-investment opportunity are not
investment advisory clients of Kawa, the General Partner or Manager of a particular Fund may,
as authorized by the relevant fund organizing documents, offer co-investment opportunities to
one or more its limited partners or members (“Fund Investors”), and other third parties. The Fund
will not be required to offer such co-investments to all Fund Investors, or to any particular Fund
Investor or Fund Investors, and such co-investments may be offered on terms more favorable
than those applicable to other Fund Investors. The ability for a Fund Investor to participate in
such committed co-investment vehicles may be dependent on the size of such Fund Investor’s
capital commitment and/or contribution to the Fund, and to the co-investment. The allocation of
co-investment opportunities may involve a benefit to Kawa including, without limitation, fees or
carried interest from the co-investment opportunity, capital commitments to the Fund, and
capital commitments to other Funds, and the allocation of co-investments will reduce the
opportunities available and allocated to the relevant Fund, and to other Funds. Further, any
obligation, or lack thereof, to allocate or present any particular investment or opportunity to any
Client that engages Kawa on a non-discretionary basis is further detailed in the relevant non-
discretionary investment management agreement.
Investments in Different Levels of the Capital Structure. If one or more Clients, and one
or more Affiliated Parties invests in the debt or equity securities of a company and another Client,
or one or more Affiliated Parties, invests in another part of the capital structure - i.e., the equity or
debt, of the same company - the various economic and other terms of the debt and equity
securities may raise conflicts of interest between the two Clients, or between a Client and one or
more Affiliated Parties. These conflicts could relate to various matters, including the interest
rates to be paid on the debt, whether to refinance the debt, whether to enforce payment
obligations, the characterization of the securities as preferred stock or subordinated debt,
enforcement of covenants, and whether to liquidate the underlying asset or seek bankruptcy
protection. Kawa’s decisions about what action should be taken in a particular situation,
including whether to enforce claims, whether to advocate or initiate a restructuring or liquidation
inside or outside of bankruptcy, and the terms of any workout or restructuring, may result in a
decision that favors one Client or an Affiliated Party over another Client(s) or Affiliated Party. For
example, if additional capital is necessary as a result of financial or other difficulties, to finance
growth, or other opportunities, the respective Client, Affiliated Party or Kawa may or may not elect
to provide such additional capital, to the detriment of another Client or Clients. In those
circumstances where two Clients, or a Client and one or more Affiliated Parties hold investments
in different classes of a company’s debt or equity, Kawa may also, to the fullest extent permitted
by applicable law, take steps to reduce the potential for adversity between the Clients, or between
a Client and one or more Affiliated Parties, including causing a Client or an Affiliated Party to take
certain actions that, in the absence of such conflict, it would not take, such as: (A) remaining
passive in a restructuring or similar situations (including electing not to vote or voting pro rata
with other security holders); (B) divesting investments; or (C) otherwise taking an action designed
to reduce adversity, such as forming an independent Advisory committee to consider, and
approve or reject, any such investments by one or more Clients at multiple levels of the capital
structure. Any such decision to invest at different levels of the capital structure of an entity could
have the effect of benefiting one or more Clients, Kawa, or an Affiliated Party or Parties, and
therefore may not have been in the best interests of, and may have been adverse to, a Client or
Clients. Kawa addresses these conflicts by fully disclosing to, and seeking express, written
consent from, any Clients involved, consistent with its fiduciary obligations.
Proprietary Trading By Kawa and the Affiliated Parties. Kawa and/or the Affiliated
Parties engage (or may engage) in a wide variety of activities, some of which may be carried out
on behalf of Kawa, the Affiliated Parties, or other entities that are in competition with Clients.
Subject in each case to the limitations set forth in applicable governing and account documents,
the Affiliated Parties may and have: (i) exercised investment responsibility, or otherwise engaged,
directly or indirectly, in other businesses, whether or not similar to, or identical with, the business
of Clients (which may include purchasing, selling, holding or otherwise engaging in investment
transactions), (ii) acted as partners or advisors to other present or future private funds including,
without limitation, any such Funds managed by Kawa, and (iii) made investments, including
investments in, and financings, acquisitions and dispositions of, investments for their own
accounts (or engaged in personal trading), in each case without any obligation to offer
investment opportunities to Clients, subject to the limitations set forth in the applicable governing
and/or account documents, and subject to any applicable fiduciary and other legal duties.
Affiliated Parties may directly or indirectly purchase, sell, hold or otherwise deal with investments
and pursue investment opportunities, even if the investment or the prospective investment is of
a character which, if presented to one or more of Client accounts could be acquired by those
accounts for investment, except to the extent set forth in the applicable governing and/or
account documents, and subject to any applicable fiduciary and other legal duties.
In particular, Daniel Ades invests for his own account or for entities he controls on behalf
of members of his family and his philanthropic endeavors (collectively, the “Family Office
Entities”). The Family Office Entities have delegated the investment decisions, including the
allocation of securities and other investments, to Daniel’s family office (the “Ades Family Office”).
As investment adviser solely to the Ades Family Office as a SMA Client, Kawa does not determine
or direct the allocation of Ades Family Office investments among the Family Office Entities; such
Family Office Entity allocations are made directly by the Ades Family Office. Investments by
Family Office Entities have included, without limitation, investments in Funds, as well as
securities or other investments in which other Clients also have invested, and expects to continue
to make, hold, and dispose of such other investments, in each case allocated in accordance with
Kawa’s allocation policy, as applicable. See Item 8.B. (Allocation of an Investment or Opportunity)
for more information.
No Uniform Fees. As noted above, Kawa reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to
negotiate and to charge lower management fees and/or performance-based compensation for
certain accounts based on the Client’s particular needs as well as overall financial condition,
goals, risk tolerance, and other factors unique to the Client’s particular circumstances. In
addition, Kawa has waived, reduced, and rebated, and reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to
waive, reduce, or rebate all or any portion of the management and/or performance-based
compensation with respect to any Client, or to any investor in a Fund, including affiliates,
employees, partners, members or directors of Kawa or its affiliates, including their respective
family members or accounts.
Side Letters. Kawa has the discretion to (and has in a limited number of instances) for a
particular investor or investors, waive or modify the application of, or grant special or more
favorable rights with respect to, any provision or term of any Fund, to the extent permitted by
applicable law. To effect such waivers or modifications or the grant of any special or more
favorable rights, Kawa may create additional classes of interests for certain investors or enter
into side agreements (“Side Letters”) with such investors that provide for, among other things, (i)
greater transparency into the Fund’s portfolio, (ii) different or more favorable withdrawal rights,
such as more frequent withdrawals or shorter withdrawal notice periods, (iii) greater information
than provided to other investors, (iv) different fee or incentive compensation terms, and (v) more
favorable transfer rights.
Use of Public Information. Subject to the considerations set forth above, in investing for
personal accounts other than Clients’ accounts, Kawa, its affiliates, employees and principals
may make use of public information obtained by them in the course of investing for any Client,
and they will have no obligation to compensate the Client, or its investors, in any respect for their
receipt of such information or to account to the Client or its investors for any profits earned from
their use of such information. Kawa, its affiliates, employees and principals are not generally
obligated to make their investment records available for inspection by any Client or investor.
Item 9. Disciplinary Information
Registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any
legal or disciplinary events that would be material to your evaluation of them or the integrity of
their management. Kawa has no disclosure responsive to this Item.
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
10.A. Broker Dealer Registrations
Kawa is not registered and has no application pending to register as a broker-dealer.
10.B. Other Registrations
Kawa is registered as a Commodity Pool Operator and a Commodity Trading Advisor with
the CFTC and is a member of the NFA (Member ID # 0403747). Additionally, several of Kawa’s
management persons are “Principals” or “Associated Persons” of the Commodity Pool Operator
and Commodity Trading Advisor and are therefore registered with the CFTC.
10.C. Material Relationships or Arrangements
Adviser is the investment adviser to the Funds and the SMAs and is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Kawa Holdco.
Adviser, and certain of its affiliates under common control, act as private lenders that
participate loans to third-party loan participants and Clients, including, without limitation, the
Funds (and their investors) and SMAs. When participating loans to third parties, Adviser, as the
lenders’ agent or lead lender, is generally compensated by receiving a fee equal to the difference
between the interest rate paid by the borrower and the interest rate payable to loan participants.
In instances in which Adviser expects the amount of compensation from a third-party
participation to exceed the amount of Adviser Compensation it would receive from a loan
participated to a Client account, Adviser’s private lending business creates a conflict of interest,
by which Adviser may be incentivized to participate a loan, or a larger portion of a loan, to third
party participants instead of eligible Clients. Consistent with Adviser’s allocation policy and its
fiduciary duties, Clients are given priority over third-party participants (generally up to a certain
amount) in the allocation of loan participations in the manner described in the relevant offering
documents.
General Partner and Manager Affiliates
Typically, an affiliate of Adviser under common control will act as manager, managing
member or general partner of a Fund and will delegate to Adviser, pursuant to an investment
management agreement, the management of the applicable portfolio investment of the Fund in
exchange for the management fee, if any.
In addition, affiliates of Adviser under common control have offered, and may from time
to time in the future offer, investment opportunities primarily related to assets (e.g., real estate
investments or lending) that are illiquid when compared to tradable securities, to certain, but not
all, Clients, consistent with Kawa’s allocation policy and its fiduciary duties. See Item 8.B.
(Allocation of an Investment or Opportunity) for more information.
Under certain circumstances, a Fund (“Investor Fund”) is eligible to subscribe to another
Fund or Funds (“Investee Fund(s)”) for which Kawa also charges fees creating an inherent
conflict of interest. To avoid the duplication of fees and mitigate any conflicts of interest,
management compensation or performance compensation of the Investee Fund(s) are either
waived or rebated for such Investor Funds. Investors in the Investor Fund are subject only to the
fees and expenses applicable to the Investor Fund, which fees and expenses are more fully
described in Items 5 (Fees and Compensation) and 6 (Performance Based Fees; Side-by-Side
Compensation).
Kawa, its affiliates and/or related persons own interests in certain of the Funds. We do
not believe that this causes a conflict of interest between Kawa and the applicable Fund (or its
investors) because this investment aligns the interests of Kawa, its affiliates and/or related
persons with the interests of such Fund (and its investors).
Other Affiliates
None.
10.D. Recommendation of Other Investment Advisers
Kawa typically does not recommend or select other investment advisers for Clients.
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading
11.A. Code of Ethics
Kawa has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to Advisers Act Rule 204A-1 for all
employees and contractors whose functions involve access to any confidential, non-public or
otherwise proprietary information concerning its advisory operations (“Access Persons”). The
Code of Ethics (the “Code”) describes, among other things, our standards of ethical business
conduct, fiduciary duty to our Clients, and requirements for personal securities trading by our
Access Persons. A basic tenet of Kawa’s Code is that the interests of Clients are always placed
before those of Kawa. The Code also requires that all Access Persons comply with certain ethical
standards relating to Clients and their accounts,
including restrictions on gifts and
entertainment, borrowing, outside activities, and political contributions, as well as provisions
intended to prevent violations of laws prohibiting insider trading and to mitigate conflicts of
interest.
Access Persons of Kawa must accept in writing the terms of the Code of Ethics upon hire
or engagement and must affirm their compliance with it on a regular basis.
Clients or prospective Clients may request a copy of Adviser’s Code by contacting the
firm’s Compliance Department, by email at compliance@Kawa.com or by calling (305) 560-5200.
11.B. Recommendations of Securities and Material Financial Interests
In certain circumstances, Kawa engages in cross trades between Client accounts when
it believes such a trade is not disadvantageous to the involved Clients. A cross trade may permit
Kawa to execute trades without impacting the market price of securities, can save brokerage
commissions and, in certain cases, without related transaction costs like custody expenses and
transfer taxes. Cross trades are transacted in accordance with Kawa’s policies and procedures
and must be reported to and pre-approved by Kawa’s Chief Compliance Officer or designee.
Kawa may also have a conflict of interest related to performance-based compensation
charged to investors in the Funds and/or SMAs.
Affiliates of Kawa have, and may in the future, serve as placement agents for certain
Funds. Such affiliated placement agents may be incentivized to promote the sale of Fund
interests, due both to their status as Kawa affiliates, and their receipt of commissions, regardless
of investment suitability or profitability. Because of their receipt of commissions and their status
as affiliates of Kawa, such affiliated placement agents have an inherent conflict of interest in the
performance of their duties under their placement agency agreements with the Funds. To
mitigate this conflict, Kawa provides disclosures in the materials that it provides to its placement
agents, concerning its relationship with its placement agents and the terms of their
compensation. Kawa directs its placement agents to provide these materials as part of their
promotion of Kawa products to prospects.
11.C. and 11.D. Personal Trading and Timing of Personal Trading
Kawa, along with some of its employees, invest in the Funds that Kawa manages.
Therefore, Kawa and its employees have a financial interest in Funds. Investments made by Kawa
and employees are generally made on the same terms as other investors in Funds. However,
fees and investment minimums may be waived or reduced for Kawa and its employees. We do
not believe this arrangement presents any material conflicts of interest, since our interests are
aligned with the interest of Fund investors. In addition, when possible and not adverse to the
particular Fund or its investors, we try to accommodate investments in and withdrawals from a
Fund that may be received promptly after the deadline designated in that Fund’s governing
documents. This policy is applied equally to Kawa, its employees and any other investors in a
Fund.
Kawa and its employees may also trade in the same securities traded by Funds and SMAs.
To mitigate material conflicts of interest associated with personal trading, Kawa has imposed
various restrictions on personal trading and have policies and procedures designed to prevent
employee who have knowledge of any transaction or proposed transaction from trading the same
securities before a Client completes its transaction. These restrictions are outlined in our Code,
which has been adopted in accordance with the provisions of Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers
Act. The Code recognizes, among other things, that Clients’ interests are paramount and all
employees must place the interests of clients before their own. Personal securities transactions
must be conducted in such a manner to avoid any material conflicts of interest or any abuse of
an employee’s position of trust and responsibility. The Code also requires, with respect to
relevant personnel, periodic reporting of personal securities transactions and holdings and the
pre-clearance of investments in single-name securities (debt and equity), initial public offering of
securities, private placement of securities and investments in single name securities (debt and
equity).
The Code also requires that all Access Persons comply with ethical standards relating to
Clients and their accounts including, without limitation, restrictions on outside business
activities, political contributions, giving and receiving gifts or entertainment, and provisions
intended to prevent violations of the laws prohibiting insider trading.
Item 12. Brokerage Practices
12.A. Selection of Broker/Dealers
Kawa’s primary objective in selecting brokers and dealers and in effecting portfolio
transactions is to seek to obtain the best combination of price and execution with respect to its
accounts’ portfolio transactions. The best net price, giving effect to brokerage commissions,
spreads and other costs, is normally an important factor in this selection, but a number of other
factors are also considered. In considering these factors, Kawa recognizes that different broker-
dealers have different execution capabilities with respect to different types of securities. The
factors include, but are not limited to:
Kawa’s knowledge of the commission rates and spreads that are currently negotiable;
•
the nature of the security being traded;
•
the size and type of the transaction;
•
the nature and character of the markets for the security to be purchased or sold;
•
the desired timing of the trade and speed of execution;
•
the existing and potential activity in the market for the particular security;
•
the broker-dealer’s access to primary markets and quotation sources;
•
the ability of the broker dealer to effect transactions when a large block of securities
•
is involved or where liquidity is limited;
confidentiality;
•
the execution, clearance and settlement capabilities and history as well as the
•
reputation and perceived soundness of the broker-dealer selected, and others which
are considered;
Kawa’s knowledge of actual or apparent operational problems of any broker-dealer;
•
the broker-dealer’s execution services rendered on a continuing basis and in other
•
transactions;
the broker-dealer’s access to underwritten offerings and secondary markets;
•
the broker-dealer’s reliability in executing trades, keeping records and accounting for
•
and correcting trade errors;
the broker-dealer’s ability to accommodate Kawa’s needs with respect to one or more
•
trades including willingness and ability to maintain quality execution in unusual or
volatile market conditions and to commit capital by taking positions in order to
complete trades;
the quality of communication links between Kawa and the broker-dealer; and
•
the reasonableness of spreads or commissions.
•
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
Kawa receives research from certain brokers in connection with Client securities
transactions. Kawa has not entered into any formal soft dollar arrangements that condition the
receipt of such research on Kawa’s provision of trade flow to any broker, but Kawa does receive
certain other benefits from its brokers that may be viewed as soft dollar benefits. Kawa limits the
use of these benefits to services that constitute research and brokerage within the meaning of
Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Section 28(e)”). Research
services within Section 28(e) include, but are not limited to, research reports (including market
research); certain financial newsletters and trade journals; software providing analysis of
securities portfolios; corporate governance research and rating services; attendance at certain
seminars and conferences; discussions with research analysts; meetings with corporate
executives; consultants’ advice on portfolio strategy; data services (including services providing
market data, company financial data and economic data); advice from broker-dealers on order
execution; and certain proxy services.
Where Kawa engages in this practice to obtain Section 28(e) eligible research and
brokerage products and services, it periodically reviews and evaluates its soft dollar practices
and to determine in good faith whether, with respect to any research, the commissions used to
obtain those products and services were reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and
research. This determination is viewed in terms of Kawa’s overall responsibilities to its Client
accounts. As a practical matter, in some cases Kawa could not, on its own, generate all the
research that broker-dealers provide without materially
increasing
its expenses. The
compensation paid to Kawa by Clients is not reduced by any costs related to Kawa’s receipt of
research and brokerage products and services. To the extent Client portfolio transactions are
used to obtain such research and brokerage products and services, the brokerage commissions
paid by Clients might exceed those that would otherwise be paid for execution only. The
brokerage and research and services furnished by broker-dealers may be useful and of value to
Kawa in servicing any or all of its Clients and may not necessarily be used by Kawa in connection
with the Client accounts that actually paid commissions, nor in proportion to the amount of
commissions paid by those accounts to the broker-dealer providing the services.
The use of Client commissions (or markups or markdowns) to obtain research raises
potential conflicts of interest. For instance, Kawa may be incentivized to select or recommend a
broker-dealer based on its interest in receiving research or other products and services from that
broker-dealer. Kawa attempts to mitigate these potential conflicts through its periodic review and
oversight of its execution, including its payment of brokerage commissions, and its receipt of any
research services.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
Kawa does not directly or indirectly condition its Client trading or any client referral
arrangements with any broker-dealers.
Directed Brokerage
While Kawa generally selects broker-dealers for Client accounts over which it has
discretion, Kawa accepts, in limited instances, direction from certain SMAs as to which broker-
dealer is to be used with respect to a Client’s overall portfolio trading, or with respect to a specific
trade. SMAs, which, in whole or in part, direct Kawa to use a particular broker-dealer to execute
transactions for their accounts should be aware that, in so doing, they may adversely affect
Kawa’s ability to, among other things, obtain volume discounts on block orders or to obtain best
price and execution by, for example, executing over-the-counter stock transactions with the
market makers for such securities.
Additionally, as noted below, transactions for an SMA that directs brokerage are generally
unable to be combined (“blocked”) for execution purposes with orders for the same securities for
other accounts managed by Kawa. Accordingly, directed transactions may be subject to price
movements, particularly in volatile markets, that may result in the SMA that directs brokerage
receiving a price that is less favorable than the price obtained for the bunched order. Under these
circumstances, the direction by an SMA of a particular broker or dealer to execute transactions
may result in higher commissions, greater spreads, or less favorable net prices than might be the
case if Kawa could negotiate commission rates or spreads freely, or select brokers or dealers
based on best execution. Consequently, Kawa is likely not to be able to achieve best execution
for Clients that have directed brokerage arrangements.
12.B. Aggregation of Orders
See Item 8.B. (Conflicts of Interest - Block Transactions) for information on Kawa’s trade
aggregation practices.
Trade Errors
Kawa endeavors to take the utmost care in making and implementing investment decisions of
behalf of Client accounts. However, there are occasions where transaction errors occur. In
such instances Kawa reasonably determines how to correct the error. In general, if a trade error
results in losses, such losses are not reimbursed to Clients unless the trade error was solely
attributable to Kawa’s gross negligence. Therefore, a Client’s account may be adversely
impacted by trade errors.
Item 13. Review of Accounts
13. A. Frequency and Nature of Review
Client portfolios are periodically monitored and reviewed. Trades in Kawa Fund and
Strategic Funds with marketable securities are reconciled daily by Kawa and the Fund’s
administrators. SPE Fund portfolios with illiquid assets (e.g. real estate) are reviewed at least
quarterly by senior members of the Operations team, Xi Liu (Managing Director – Operations)
and Katherine Handley (Director, Operations), with feeing and expenses payments requiring
participation of the Fund administrator. Daniel Ades and Alexandre Saverin, principals of Kawa
and portfolio managers, are responsible, and have ultimate authority for, all trading and
investment decisions made for Client portfolios for which Kawa has investment discretion, as
well as for monitoring and reviewing Client portfolios. Portfolio managers have real-time access
to each account through our trade management system and perform reviews of each portfolio,
no less frequently than monthly or quarterly.
In performing its investment management activities, Kawa allocates its personnel and its
personnel’s time among its Clients. Although personnel devote the time necessary to conduct
such investment management activities, conflicts may arise in the allocation of personnel and
their time among such Clients, as certain Clients may require more time and resources than
others.
13.B. Factors that May Trigger an Account Review Outside of Regular Review
Extraordinary reviews of Client accounts are undertaken as necessary, depending on
factors such as cash flows, changes in Client objectives or restrictions, or significant changes in
market conditions.
13.C. Content and Frequency of Reports
Investors in The Kawa Fund and the Strategic Funds, as well as certain of the SPE Funds
for which we are deemed to hold custody, receive annual audited financial statements prepared
by an independent accounting firm subject to inspection by the PCAOB, and prepared in
accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. Reports for The Kawa
Fund and the Strategic Funds are also issued by the administrators of these funds no less than
quarterly, and typically monthly. Due to the nature of the investments in the SPE Funds, their
investors may not receive regular statements, but do receive statements at least annually. The
nature and frequency of information reporting is specified in each Fund’s offering documents.
Portfolio managers meet with Clients upon reasonable request, or at such other times as
may be mutually agreed upon by Kawa and its Clients. Accordingly, Kawa may provide certain
investors with additional information or more frequent reports than other investors receive (e.g.,
diligence requests, side letters, certain co-investments, or other requests from Clients with
differing needs for information).
In addition, Kawa Fund investors are provided with periodic updates and fact sheets
created by Kawa. Due to the nature of the investments in certain of the other Funds, and as
provided in the specific Fund’s offering documents, investors may not receive regular
communications from Kawa, although they are available upon reasonable request.
The information in reports from Kawa may vary from custodians’ account statements
based on accounting procedures, reporting dates, or valuation methodologies of certain
securities.
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
14.A. Compensation from Non-Clients
Except as described above in Item 12 (Brokerage Practices), with respect to any soft
dollars, Kawa does not currently receive any economic benefit other than Adviser Compensation
from Clients and Fund investors for providing investment advice or other advisory services to
Kawa’s Clients.
14.B. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Certain of our Clients and prospective investors retain investment consultants or other
investment advisers (“Consultants”) to advise them on the selection and review of investment
managers. Kawa has certain Clients that were introduced to us through Consultants. These
Consultants or their affiliates may, in the ordinary course of their investment consulting or
advisory business, recommend Kawa’s investment advisory services or otherwise place Kawa
into selection processes for a particular Client.
Kawa has dealings with Consultants, both in the Consultants’ role as advisers for their
Clients and through independent business relationships. Specifically, we provide Consultants
with information on portfolios we manage for our mutual Clients, pursuant to our Clients’
direction. Kawa also provides information on our investment styles to Consultants, who use that
information in connection with searches they conduct for their Clients.
Where Kawa management deems it advantageous to the distribution of our Funds, Kawa
engages external placement agents for placement of new fund interests.
Kawa has engaged BTG Pactual US Capital LLC and BTG Pactual Chile S.A. Corredores
de Bolsa, primarily third-party, registered broker-dealers, to act as placement agents in its capital
raising for certain of the Funds it manages. Depending upon the Fund for which it is placing
interests, the placement agent is compensated with either a fixed percentage of the aggregate
capital commitments of investor that it refers, or a percentage of the average management fees
paid by the investors it refers. Such fees are generally paid by Kawa and not the applicable Fund
or investor placed by such placement agent.
See Items 10 (Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations) and 11 (Code of Ethics,
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading), for disclosure regarding
our affiliate BTG Pactual US Capital, which is generally engaged to act as placement agent for
interests in the Funds and will receive commissions attributable to interests sold by it.
In addition, in the future Kawa may engage and compensate additional, third-parties,
typically registered broker-dealers, to act as placement agents in its capital raising for certain of
its Funds and other products, including SMAs.
Any referral fee or other compensation paid by Kawa to any third-party who solicits
advisory Clients for Kawa is paid in compliance with the provisions of Rule 206(4)-1(b) under the
Advisers Act.
Capital Introduction Program. Representatives of Kawa from time to time attend or
speak at conferences and programs sponsored by brokers or dealers that are directed at
investors interested in investing in alternative investment funds or other products. These
conferences and programs may be a means by which Kawa Funds can be introduced to
prospective investors. In addition, brokers or dealers may refer Kawa-managed products to, or
arrange meetings with, potential investors who hold accounts with such brokers or dealers. While
these conferences, programs, and meetings (collectively, “Capital Introduction Programs”) may
be arranged by brokers or dealers, there is no guarantee that any potential investor participating
in a Capital Introduction Program will invest in a Kawa product. Other than the standard
commission rates and customary brokerage fees paid by a Client (which Kawa believes are paid
solely for trade execution and brokerage services), the brokers or dealers generally do not receive
any compensation, directly or indirectly, for their participation in a Capital Introduction Program
or any resultant investment. Kawa’s participation in a particular broker’s Capital Introduction
Program is not a consideration in its broker selection or retention.
Item 15. Custody
Independent Qualified Custodians
Kawa is deemed to have custody of the Funds’ and certain SMAs’ funds and securities,
for purposes of Advisers Act Rule 206(4)-2 (“Custody Rule”). In order to comply with the Custody
Rule, and to the extent required, Kawa engages the services of independent, qualified custodians
(as defined by the Custody Rule) to hold assets of which it is deemed to have custody. Also, some
Fund assets are uncertificated securities that are considered, “privately offered securities,” and
are not required to be held by qualified custodians.
Annual Audits
Kawa coordinates annual audits of its advised Funds and certain of its SMAs, the funds
and securities of which it is deemed to have custody. Kawa engages independent auditors,
registered with the PCAOB and subject to that agency’s regular inspection, to audit its advised
Funds at the end of each fiscal year. Kawa delivers the results of each audit in financial
statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP to investors in its Funds within 120 days of
fiscal year-end. Investors should review these statements carefully.
With regard to certain sub-advised Funds and SMAs, for which Kawa is deemed to have
custody by virtue of its authority to transfer assets, the primary advisor is responsible for
coordinating and ensuring the completion of this annual audit. Consistent with Advisers Act Rule
206(4)-1, Kawa takes reasonable steps to cause its sub-advised Funds to undergo annual audit
and distribute audited financial statements to Fund Investors, as required by the Custody Rule.
Account Statements
Although Kawa, in availing itself of the audit approach, is not subject to the Custody Rule’s
requirement to distribute quarterly account statements, or to form a reasonable belief that
quarterly account statements are being distributed by qualified custodians, to Fund Investors,
Fund Investors do receive account statements from the respective Fund’s administrator, typically
monthly or quarterly. Investors should review these statements carefully. Due to the illiquid
nature of the investments in the SPE Funds, investors do not receive regular statements from the
respective SPE Fund’s administrator. Kawa does, however, provide additional account
information for these funds upon reasonable investor request. Kawa also provides its investors
with periodic investment reviews for each SPE Fund, typically semi-annually.
Item 16. Investment Discretion
Kawa is generally retained to provide investment advice and manage assets for the Funds
and SMAs on a discretionary basis, and is authorized to make the following determinations,
consistent with a Client’s investment mandate, without Client consultation or consent before a
transaction is effected.
Which securities to buy or sell;
•
The total amount of securities to buy or sell;
•
The broker or dealer through whom securities are bought or sold;
•
The commission rates at which securities transactions for Client accounts are
•
effected; and
The prices at which securities are to be bought or sold, some of which include broker-
•
dealer spreads or mark-ups and transaction costs payable to the broker-dealer (not to
Kawa).
However, certain SMAs engage Kawa on a non-discretionary basis, in which case the
Client, and not Kawa, retains the authority and responsibility for decisions concerning the above-
bulleted matters with respect to its investments.
The nature and scope of Kawa’s authority with regard to each Client mandate is set forth
in writing, typically in each Fund’s offering documents and, for SMAs, in an investment
management agreement.
Item 17. Voting Client Securities
Kawa is responsible for voting Client proxies and handling other corporate actions, and
has developed written policies and procedures governing these activities. Kawa’s policy
generally requires us to vote Client proxies in the interest of maximizing investor/shareholder
value. Kawa maintains a record of proxy votes cast on behalf of Clients.
Kawa acknowledges its responsibility for identifying material conflicts of interest related
to voting proxies. Circumstances may arise wherein Kawa has a potential conflict of interest in
voting proxies on behalf of its Clients. In order to ensure that Kawa is aware of the facts necessary
to identify conflicts, Kawa’s policy requires that senior management of Kawa must disclose to the
Chief Compliance Officer (or designee) any personal conflicts, such as officer or director
positions that they, their spouses or close relatives hold in any Client portfolio company. Conflicts
based on business relationships with Kawa are considered only to the extent that Kawa has
actual knowledge of them. If Kawa determines that a conflict exists, which cannot be otherwise
addressed, Kawa may choose one of several courses to mitigate the conflict, including: (1) voting
as recommended by a third party service, if employed by Kawa; (2) “echo” or “mirror” voting the
proxies in the same proportion as the votes of other proxy holders that are not Kawa Clients; (3)
if possible, erecting information barriers around the person or persons making the voting
decision sufficient to insulate the decision from the conflict; or (4) if agreed upon in writing with
the Client, forwarding the proxies to affected Clients and allowing them to vote their own proxies.
Kawa’s proxy voting policy and records are available to its Clients and investors upon
request by contacting the Compliance Department, by email at compliance@Kawa.com or by
calling (305) 560-5200.
Item 18. Financial Information
Kawa has no disclosures to make regarding this Item.