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FORM ADV
PART 2A BROCHURE
March 21, 2025
Vision Capital & Management
PO Box 1750 (Mail) 108 South Main Street, Suite B (Deliveries)
Davidson, North Carolina 28036
t: (704) 894‐9639
f: (704) 894-9629
e: eric@visioncapitalmgt.com
visioncapitalmgt.com
information
is also available on
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Vision Capital & Management
“VCM”. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, contact us at (704) 894-9639. The information
in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by
the SEC's website at
any state securities authority. Additional
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. The searchable IARD/CRD number 118363. VCM is a registered investment adviser.
Registration with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any state securities authority does not
imply a certain level of skill or training.
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Item 2 Summary of Material Changes
Form ADV Part 2 requires registered investment advisers to amend their brochure when information becomes
materially inaccurate. If there are any material changes to an adviser's disclosure brochure, the adviser is required to
notify you and provide you with a description of the material changes.
Since the Firm’s last annual updating amendment dated March 21, 2024, the Firm has the following material changes to
report:
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Item 4: Advisory Business – Moved termination of pension consulting agreement to Item 5.
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Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss- Included additional risk disclosures
related to Mutual Funds, Exchange Traded Funds, and Digital Assets.
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Item 12: Brokerage Practices- Updated information related to custodian Charles Schwab & Co, Inc.
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Item 15: Custody- Included information related to SLOAs.
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Item 3 Table of Contents
Page
Page
Page
Page
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Item 1 Cover Page
2
Item 2 Summary of Material Changes
3
Item 3 Table of Contents
4-5
Item 4 Advisory Business
Item 5 Fees and Compensation Page 5-6
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Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Page
6
Item 7 Types of Clients Page
Page 6-7
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
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Page
Item 9 Disciplinary Information
Page
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
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8
Page
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Page 8-9
Item 12 Brokerage Practices
9
Page
Item 13 Review of Accounts
9
Page
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Page 9-10
Item 15 Custody
Page 10
Item 16 Investment Discretion
Page 10
Item 17 Voting Client Securities
Page 10
Item 18 Financial Information
Page 10
Item 19 Requirements for State Registered Advisers
Page 10-12
Item 20 Additional Information
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Item 4 Advisory Business
Description of Services and Fees
Vision Capital & Management (“VCM” or the “Firm”) is a SEC registered investment adviser based in Davidson, NC,
organized as a corporation under State of NC law. Eric L. Vogen and Mary Vogen are the principal owners. We have been
providing investment management and investment advisory services since 1998. The following paragraphs describe our
services and fees. As used in this brochure, the words "we", "our" and "us" refer to VCM the words "you", "your" and
"client" refer to you as either a client or prospective client of our firm. Also, you may see the term Associated Person
throughout this brochure. As used in this brochure, our Associated Persons are our firm's officers, employees, and all
individuals providing investment advice on behalf of our firm.
Portfolio Management Services
We offer discretionary and non-discretionary portfolio management services. If you retain our firm for portfolio
management services, we will meet with you to determine your investment objectives, risk tolerance, and other relevant
information (the "investment profile") at the beginning of our advisory relationship. We will use the investment profile
information we gather to develop a strategy which enables our firm to give you investment advice and/or to make
investments on your behalf. As part of our portfolio management services, we may customize an investment portfolio for
you in accordance with your risk tolerance and investing objectives. We may also invest your assets using a predefined
strategy, or we may invest your assets according to one or more model portfolios developed by our firm. Once we construct
an investment portfolio for you, or select a model portfolio, we will monitor your portfolio's performance on an ongoing
basis and will rebalance the portfolio as required by changes in market conditions and in your financial circumstances.
If you participate in our discretionary portfolio management services, we require you to grant our firm discretionary
authority to manage your account. Discretionary authorization will allow our firm to determine the specific securities, and
the amount of securities, to be purchased or sold for your account without your approval prior to each transaction.
Discretionary authority is typically granted by the investment advisory agreement you sign with our firm, a limited power
of attorney, or trading authorization forms. You may limit our discretionary authority (for example, limiting the types of
securities that can be purchased for your account) by providing our firm with your restrictions and guidelines in writing.
If you enter into non-discretionary arrangements with our firm, we must obtain your approval prior to executing any
transactions on behalf of your account.
Pension Consulting Services
We offer pension consulting services to employee benefit plans and their fiduciaries based upon the needs of the plan
and the services requested by the plan sponsor or named fiduciary. In general, these services may include an existing
plan review and analysis, plan-level advice regarding fund selection and investment options, plan participant education,
and investment performance analysis. These pension consulting services will generally be non-discretionary and advisory
in nature. The ultimate decision to act on behalf of the plan shall remain with the plan sponsor or other named
fiduciary.
We also provide additional types of pension consulting services to plans on an individually negotiated basis. All services,
whether discussed above or customized for the plan based upon requirements from the plan fiduciaries (which may
include additional plan-level or participant-level services) shall be detailed in a written agreement and will be consistent
with the parameters set forth in the plan documents.
Financial Planning Services
We offer services which primarily involves advising clients on specific financial-related topics. The topics we address may
include, but are not limited to, investment planning, retirement planning, or asset allocation strategies. We charge a
negotiated fee for investment advisory services which is dependent on the scope and complexity of services to be rendered.
Types of Investments
We primarily offer advice on stocks, bonds, variable annuities, exchange traded funds (including digital assets), options,
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and/or mutual funds. You may request that we refrain from investing in particular securities or certain types of securities.
You must provide these restrictions to our firm in writing.
Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, we manage $120,920,911 in client assets on a discretionary basis. In addition, we advise
$267,000,000 in assets under advisement, which are not included in our regulatory assets under management as reported
on Form ADV Part 1.
Item 5 Fees and Compensation
Our fee for portfolio management services is based on a percentage of your assets we manage and is set forth in the
following fee schedule:
Annual Fee
Assets Under Management
Less than $10,000,000
$10,000,001 +
1.00%
0.75%
In general, we require a minimum of $2,000,000 (household) to open and maintain an advisory account. At our discretion,
we may waive this minimum account size. Our advisory fee is negotiable, depending on individual client circumstances.
Portfolio management services may also be provided for a pre-negotiated flat fee.
VCM charges management fees quarterly in advance based on the account value on the last day of the previous billing
period. The fee structure is retroactive meaning; the entire account value is assessed at the breakpoint in which it reaches.
Management fees are calculated through the Orion™ Platform based upon data provided by the account’s custodian.
Financial planning may be included as a component of our portfolio management services. Financial planning may also
be provided for a pre-negotiated flat fee.
Clients may terminate the portfolio management agreement upon 30 days written notice to the firm. In the event that an
account billed in advance is terminated, the account will be refunded for any unearned fees on a pro rata basis based on
the number of days in the billing period prior to the effective date of termination. This means that the account will only
be billed for the number of days during the period during which advisory services are rendered.
Either party to the pension consulting agreement may terminate the agreement upon written notice to the other party in
accordance with the terms of the agreement for services. The pension consulting fees will be prorated for the quarter in
which the termination notice is given, and any unearned fees will be refunded to the client.
If the portfolio management agreement is executed at any time other than the first day of a calendar quarter, our fees will
apply on a pro rata basis, which means that the advisory fee is payable in proportion to the number of days in the quarter
for which you are a client.
At our discretion, we may combine the account values of family members living in the same household to determine the
applicable advisory fee. For example, we may combine account values for you and your minor children, joint accounts
with your spouse, and other types of related accounts. Combining account values may increase the asset total, which may
result in your paying a reduced advisory fee based on the available breakpoints in our fee schedule stated above.
We will send you an invoice for the payment of our advisory fee, or we will deduct our fee directly from your account
through the qualified custodian holding your funds and securities. We will deduct our advisory fee only when you have
given our firm written authorization permitting the fees to be paid directly from your account. Further, the qualified
custodian will deliver an account statement to you at least quarterly. These account statements will show all disbursements
from your account. You should review all statements for accuracy.
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Additional Fees and Expenses
As part of our investment advisory services to you, we may invest, or recommend that you invest, in mutual funds and
exchange traded funds. The fees that you pay to our firm for investment advisory services are separate and distinct from
the fees and expenses charged by mutual funds or exchange traded funds (described in each fund's prospectus) to their
shareholders. These fees will generally include a management fee and other fund expenses. You may also incur transaction
charges and/or brokerage fees when purchasing or selling securities. These charges and fees are typically imposed by the
broker-dealer or custodian through whom your account transactions are executed.
To fully understand the total cost you will incur, you should review all the fees charged by mutual funds, exchange traded
funds, our firm, and others. For information on our brokerage practices, please refer to the Item 12 Brokerage Practices
section of this brochure.
We do not share in any portion of these above fees.
Model Creator Services
We offer various investment model portfolios to third parties and other institutions to offer their respective clients. We
do not work directly with their retail clients and each third party advisor or institution is responsible for ensuring their
client’s suitability prior to investing assets based on the model portfolios we offer.
Our model creator clients may pay us fees based on AUM of client accounts invested in the provided models or a flat fee.
This fee is negotiable, however, so the specific amount may differ depending on the specific institution or third party
advisors and our relationship with them.
We enter into written agreements with all institutions and third party advisors that outline the services we will provide, as
agreed upon by both parties. These terms may vary.
Compensation for the Sale of Securities or Other Investment Products
Some persons providing investment advice on behalf of our firm may be licensed insurance agents. In this capacity, these
persons may offer both commission and non-commission based products.
It is our practice that all fees are transparently disclosed and a good value proposal.
Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
We do not accept performance-based fees or participate in side-by-side management.
Item 7 Types of Clients
We offer investment advisory services to individuals, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, pension and profit-sharing
plans, corporations, and other business entities.
We have a household minimum of $2,000,000 to open and maintain an advisory account. At our discretion, we may waive
this minimum account size.
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Our Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
Our investment strategies and advice may vary depending upon each client’s specific financial situation. Each client has
their own Investment Policy Statement. As such, we determine investments and allocations based upon your stated
objectives, risk tolerance, time horizon, financial horizon, financial information, liquidity needs, and other various
suitability factors.
Your restrictions and guidelines may affect the composition of your portfolio.
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We look at macro trends and associated risks across markets to create a “core vision thesis” across short, mid, and long
term investments. Using this core vision thesis and our investing strategy, we combine asset classes and securities to aim
for optimal risk-adjusted returns for your portfolio objectives and risk tolerance.
We may use asset class diversification and correlation strategies to aim to manage risk.
We research and track applicable data for the investments, adjusted for market cycles. We use that research, the core
vision, and our investing strategy to inform the multiple factors we use to track and implement trading decisions for your
portfolio. Your portfolio may be, or not be, adjusted and rebalanced depending on changes in the financial markets.
Risks of methods of analysis:
Our investment analysis cannot guarantee that the intrinsic value of a security or asset class is correct or predict how long
the intrinsic value will be reflected in the marketplace. Investment analysis cannot guarantee a profit or protect against
risk or loss.
Tax Considerations
Our strategies and investments may have unique and significant tax implications. However, unless we specifically agree
otherwise, and in writing, tax efficiency is not our primary consideration in the management of your assets. Regardless of
your account size or any other factors, we recommend that you continuously consult with a tax professional prior to and
throughout the investing of your assets.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that you should be prepared to bear. We do not represent or guarantee that
our services or methods of analysis can or will predict future results, successfully identify market tops or bottoms, or
insulate clients from losses due to market corrections or declines. We cannot offer any guarantees or promises that your
financial goals and objectives will be met. Past performance is in no way an indication of future performance.
Recommendation of Particular Types of Securities
As disclosed under the Advisory Business section in this Brochure, we recommend many types of securities. However, we
primarily recommend exchange traded funds (ETFs) and mutual funds. We may recommend other types of investments
as appropriate for you since each client has different needs and different tolerance for risk. Each type of security has its
own unique set of risks associated with it and it would not be possible to list here all of the specific risks of every type of
investment. Even within the same type of investment, risks can vary widely. However, in very general terms, the higher
the anticipated return of an investment, the higher the risk of loss associated with it.
Investing involves risk, including the potential loss of principal invested. Risks vary depending upon the strategy used by
the fund as well as the sectors in which the fund invests. When redeemed, shares may be worth more or less than the
original amount invested. Investors should carefully consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of
mutual funds and ETF’s. This and other important information are contained in the prospectus, which can be obtained
by contacting your financial professional and should be read carefully before investing.
Mutual funds and exchange traded funds (ETFs)
Mutual funds and exchange traded funds (ETFs) are professionally managed collective investment systems that pool
money from many investors and invest in stocks, bonds, short-term money market instruments, other mutual funds, other
securities or any combination thereof. The fund will have a manager that trades the fund's investments in accordance with
the fund's investment objective. While mutual funds and ETFs generally provide diversification, risks can be significantly
increased if the fund is concentrated in a particular sector of the market, primarily invests in small cap or speculative
companies, uses leverage (i.e., borrows money) to a significant degree, or is concentrated in a particular type of security
(i.e., equities) rather than balancing the fund with different types of securities. ETFs differ from mutual funds since they
can be bought and sold throughout the day like stock and their price can fluctuate throughout the day. The returns on
mutual funds and ETFs can be reduced by the costs to manage the funds. Also, while some mutual funds are "no load"
and charge no fee to buy into, or sell out of the fund, other types of mutual funds do charge such fees which can also
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reduce returns. Mutual funds can also be "closed end" or "open end". So-called "open end" mutual funds continue to
allow in new investors indefinitely which can dilute other investors' interests.
Digital Assets
We may recommend investment in digital currency Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) which pools capital together to
purchase holdings of digital currencies or derivatives based on their value. Such products are extremely volatile and are
suitable only as a means of diversification for investors with high-risk tolerances. The primary risk of digital asset ETFs is
the volatility of the underlying digital currency. Digital assets can experience dramatic price swings leading to potential
losses. The regulatory environment for digital currency is still evolving. Changes in regulations or legal status of digital
assets can impact ETFs potentially leading to uncertainty in the market or trading restrictions.
Item 9 Disciplinary Information
VCM been registered and providing investment advisory services since 1998. Neither our firm nor any of our Associated
Persons has any reportable disciplinary information.
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Registration as a Broker/Dealer or a Broker/Dealer Representative
Neither Vision Capital & Management, or any of our management persons are registered, or have an application pending
to register, as a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer.
Registration as a Futures Commission Merchant, Commodity Pool Operator, or Commodity Trading Advisor
Neither VCM nor its representatives are registered as or have pending applications to become either a
Futures Commission Merchant, Commodity Pool Operator, or Commodity Trading Advisor, or an
associated person of the foregoing entities.
Registration Relationships Material to this Advisory Business and Possible Conflicts of Interest
Certain persons providing investment advice on behalf of our firm are licensed as independent insurance agents.
Commissions may be earned by those individuals if insurance products are purchased. These arrangements present a
conflict of interest because they create an incentive to make recommendations for the purchase or sale of insurance
policies based upon the amount of compensation the licensed insurance agent can receive rather than based upon your
needs. You have the option to purchase insurance products through other brokers or agents who are not affiliated with
VCM.
Selection of Other Advisers or Managers
VCM does not select other investment advisers or managers for our clients.
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Description of Our Code of Ethics
We strive to comply with applicable laws and regulations governing our practices. Therefore, our Code of Ethics includes
guidelines for professional standards of conduct for our Associated Persons. Our goal is to protect your interests at all
times and to demonstrate our commitment to our fiduciary duties of honesty, good faith, and fair dealing with you. All of
our Associated Persons are expected to adhere strictly to these guidelines. Our Code of Ethics also requires that certain
persons associated with our firm submit reports of their personal account holdings and transactions to a qualified
representative of our firm who will review these reports on a periodic basis. Persons associated with our firm are also
required to report any violations of our Code of Ethics. Additionally, we maintain and enforce written policies reasonably
designed to prevent the misuse or dissemination of material, non-public information about you or your account holdings
by persons associated with our firm.
Our Code of Ethics is available to you upon request.
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Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Neither our firm nor any of our Associated Persons has any material financial interest in client transactions beyond the
provision of investment advisory services as disclosed in this brochure.
Personal Trading Practices
Our firm or persons associated with our firm may buy or sell securities for you at the same time we or persons associated
with our firm buy or sell such securities for our own account. We may also combine our orders to purchase securities with
your orders to purchase securities ("block trading"). Refer to the Brokerage Practices section in this brochure for
information on our block trading practices. A conflict of interest may exist in such cases because we may have the ability
to trade ahead of you and potentially receive more favorable prices than you will receive.
To mitigate this conflict of interest, it is our policy that neither our Associated Persons nor we shall have priority over
your account in the purchase or sale of securities.
Item 12 Brokerage Practices
We recommend Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”), a registered broker-dealer, member SIPC, as the qualified
custodian.
VCM is independently owned and operated and is not affiliated with Schwab. Schwab will hold your assets in a brokerage
account and buy and sell securities when we instruct them to. While we recommend that you use Schwab as a custodian,
you will decide whether to do so and will open your account with Schwab by entering into an account agreement directly
with them. We do not open the account for you, although we may assist you in doing so.
Products and services available to the Firm from Schwab
Schwab Advisor Services™ is Schwab's business serving independent investment advisory firms like us. Schwab provides
VCM and our clients with access to institutional brokerage – trading, custody, reporting and related services – many of
which are not typically available to Schwab retail customers. Schwab also makes available various support services. Some
of those services help us manage or administer our clients’ accounts while others help us manage and grow our business.
Schwab’s support services described below are generally available on an unsolicited basis (i.e., we do not have to request
them) and at no charge to us. Here is a more detailed description of Schwab’s support services:
Services that Benefit Clients Directly
Schwab’s institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment products, execution of securities
transactions, and custody of client assets. The investment products available through Schwab include some to which we
might not otherwise have access or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by our clients.
Schwab’s services described in this paragraph generally benefit each client.
Services that May Not Directly Benefit Clients
Schwab also makes available to us other products and services that benefit us but may not directly benefit a specific client.
These products and services assist us in managing and administering our clients’ accounts. They include investment
research, both Schwab’s own and that of third parties. We use this research to service all or a substantial number of our
clients’ accounts. In addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available software and other technology that:
• Provides access to client account data (such as trade confirmations and account statements);
• Facilitates trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts;
• Provides pricing and other market data;
• Facilitates payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts; and
• Assists with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting.
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Services that Generally Benefit Only Us
Schwab also offers other services intended to help us manage and further develop our business enterprise. These services
include (among others) the following:
• Educational conferences and events
• Technology, compliance, legal, and business consulting
• Publications and conferences on practice management and business succession
• Access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants and insurance providers
Schwab will provide some of these services itself or will arrange for third-party vendors to provide the services to us.
Schwab may also discount or waive its fees for some of these services or pay all or a part of a third-party’s fees. Schwab
may also provide us with other benefits, such as occasional business entertainment of our personnel.
Our Interest in Schwab's Services
The availability of the services described above from Schwab benefits us because we do not have to produce or purchase
them. They are not contingent upon VCM committing any specific amount of business to Schwab in trading commissions
or assets in custody. The fact that we receive these benefits from Schwab is an incentive for us to recommend the use of
Schwab rather than making such a decision based exclusively on your interest in receiving the best value in custody services
and the most favorable execution of your transactions. This is a conflict of interest. We believe, however, that taken in
the aggregate our recommendation of Schwab as a custodian and broker is in the best interest of our clients. Our selection
is primarily supported by the scope, quality and price of Schwab’s services, and not Schwab’s services that benefit only us.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
VCM does not have any soft dollar agreements.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
We do not receive client referrals from broker-dealers in exchange for cash or other compensation, such as brokerage
services or research.
Directed Brokerage
We require that you direct our firm to execute transactions through Schwab. As such, we may be unable to achieve the
most favorable execution of your transactions and you may pay higher brokerage commissions than you might otherwise
pay through another broker-dealer that offers the same types of services. Not all advisers require their clients to utilize
direct brokerage.
Block Trades
We combine multiple orders for shares of the same securities purchased for advisory accounts we manage (this practice
is commonly referred to as "block trading"). We will then distribute a portion of the shares to participating accounts in a
fair and equitable manner. The distribution of the shares purchased is typically proportionate to the size of the account,
but it is not based on account performance or the amount or structure of management fees. Subject to our discretion
regarding factual and market conditions, when we combine orders, each participating account pays an average price per
share for all transactions and pays a proportionate share of all transaction costs.
Accounts owned by our firm or persons associated with our firm may participate in block trading with your accounts;
however, they will not be given preferential treatment.
Item 13 Review of Accounts
VCM will monitor your accounts on an ongoing basis and will conduct account reviews at least quarterly to ensure the
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advisory services provided to you and that the portfolio mix is consistent with your currently stated investment needs and
objectives.
We will provide you with additional or regular written reports in conjunction with account reviews. Reports we provide
to you will contain relevant account and/or market-related information such as an inventory of account holdings and
account performance, etc. You will receive trade confirmations and monthly or quarterly statements from your account
custodian(s).
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Client Referrals
VCM does not directly or indirectly compensate any person who is not a supervised person of the Firm for client
referrals.
Other Compensation
VCM will not receive any economic benefit from another person or entity for soliciting or referring clients.
Item 15 Custody
Custody means holding, directly or indirectly, client funds or securities or having any authority to obtain possession of
them.
We do not have direct custody of any client funds and/or securities. VCM will not maintain physical possession of
client funds and securities. Instead, clients’ funds and securities are held by a qualified custodian.
While VCM does not have physical custody of client funds or securities, payments of fees may be paid by the custodian
from the custodial brokerage account that holds client funds pursuant to the client’s account application.
In certain jurisdictions, the ability of VCM to withdraw its management fees from the client’s account may be deemed
custody. Prior to permitting direct debit of fees, each client provides written authorization permitting fees to be paid
directly from the custodian.
As part of the billing process, the client’s custodian is advised of the amount of the fee to be deducted from that client’s
account. On at least a quarterly basis, the custodian is required to send to the client a statement showing all transactions
within the account during the reporting period. The custodian does not calculate the amount of the fee to be deducted
and does not verify the accuracy of our advisory calculation. Therefore, it is important for clients to carefully review
their custodial statements to verify the accuracy of the calculation.
We will also provide statements to you reflecting the amount of advisory fee deducted from your account.
You should compare our statements with the statements from your account custodian(s) to reconcile the information
reflected on each statement. If you have a question regarding your account statement or if you did not receive a statement
from your custodian, contact us.
Custody is also disclosed in Form ADV because VCM has authority to transfer money from Client account(s), which
constitutes a standing letter or authorization (SLOA). Accordingly, VCM will follow the safeguards specified by the SEC
rather than undergo an annual audit.
Item 16 Investment Discretion
Before we can buy or sell securities on your behalf, you must first sign our discretionary management agreement, a limited
power of attorney, and/or trading authorization forms.
You may grant our firm discretion over the selection and amount of securities to be purchased or sold for your account(s)
without obtaining your consent or approval prior to each transaction. You may specify investment objectives, guidelines,
and/or impose certain conditions or investment parameters for your account(s). Refer to the Advisory Business section in
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this brochure for more information on our discretionary management services.
Item 17 Voting Client Securities
Proxy Voting
We will not vote proxies on behalf of your advisory accounts. At your request, we may offer you advice regarding corporate
actions and the exercise of your proxy voting rights. If you own shares of common stock or mutual funds, you are
responsible for exercising your right to vote as a shareholder.
In most cases, you will receive proxy materials directly from the account custodian. However, in the event we were to
receive any written or electronic proxy materials, we would forward them directly to you by mail, unless you have
authorized our firm to contact you by electronic mail, in which case, we would forward any electronic solicitation to vote
proxies.
Item 18 Financial Information
We are not required to provide financial information to our clients because we do not:
require the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees and six or more months in advance, or
take custody of client funds or securities, or
•
•
• have a financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet our commitments to you.
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