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ITEM 1
Form ADV Part 2A
Firm Brochure
March 24, 2025
This Brochure provides
information about the
qualifications and business
practices of Trail Ridge Invest-
ment Advisors, LLC. If you have
any questions about the contents
of this Brochure, please contact
us at (970) 305-5150, or via email
at Jeff.Kadavy@Trail-
RidgeWM.com. The information
in this Brochure has not been
approved or verified by the
United States Securities and
Exchange Commission, or by any
state securities authority.
Trail Ridge Investment Advisors,
LLC is a registered investment
advisory firm. Registration of an
investment advisory firm does
not imply a particular level of skill
or training.
Additional information about
Trail Ridge Investment Advisors,
LLC is also available on the SEC’s
website at www.advis-
erinfo.sec.gov.
Trail Ridge Investment Advisors, LLC
IARD # 284741
A Subsidiary of Trail Ridge Wealth Management, Inc.
2020 Caribou Drive, Suite 102
Fort Collins, CO 80525
(970) 305-5150
Jeff.Kadavy@TrailRidgeWM.com
www.TrailRidgeWM.com
ITEM 2 Material Changes
Since its last amendment was filed on March 24, 2024, we have disclosed:
• Changes to the portfolio management fees charged for trusts of which Trail Ridge Trust
Company, LLC, is a trustee;
• Changes to the minimum annual financial planning fees charged for ongoing financial ad-
vice subscriptions;
• Additional information regarding Trailhead Investment Management Service™️;
• That we provide investment advisory services to insurance companies.
In the future, this section of the Brochure will discuss only the specific material changes that were
made to the Brochure and will provide you with a summary of all material changes that have
occurred since the last filing of this Brochure. This section will also identify the date of our last
annual Brochure update.
We will ensure that you receive a summary of any material changes to this and subsequent Bro-
chures within 120 days of the close of our business’ fiscal year end, which is December 31st. We
will provide other ongoing disclosure information about material changes as they occur. We will
also provide you with information on how to obtain the complete brochure. Currently, our Bro-
chure can be requested at any time, without charge, by contacting us at (970) 305-5150, and is
available on our website at https://www.trailridgewm.com/regulatory-filings.
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Trail Ridge Investment Advisors, LLC
ITEM 3
Table of Contents
Cover Page…………………………………………………………………………..1
ITEM 1
ITEM 2
Material Changes .............................................................................................. 2
ITEM 3
Table of Contents ............................................................................................. 3
ITEM 4
Advisory Business ............................................................................................. 4
ITEM 5
Fees and Compensation .................................................................................... 6
ITEM 6
Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ...................................... 8
ITEM 7
Types of Clients ................................................................................................ 8
ITEM 8
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss ................................ 9
ITEM 9
Disciplinary Information .................................................................................. 11
ITEM 10 Other Financial Activities and Affiliations ........................................................... 11
ITEM 11
Code of Ethics, Participation in Client Transactions and Personal Trading .............. 12
ITEM 12
Brokerage Practices ........................................................................................ 13
ITEM 13
Review of Accounts ......................................................................................... 16
ITEM 14
Client Referrals and Other Compensation .......................................................... 16
ITEM 15
Custody ......................................................................................................... 16
ITEM 16
Investment Discretion ..................................................................................... 17
ITEM 17
Voting Client Securities ................................................................................... 17
ITEM 18
Financial Information ...................................................................................... 17
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Trail Ridge Investment Advisors, LLC
ITEM 4 Advisory Business
FIRM INFORMATION
Trail Ridge Investment Advisors, LLC (“TRIA,” “we,” “us,” “our”), a limited liability company,
became a registered investment advisory firm in 2016.
PRINCIPAL OWNERS
TRIA is owned and controlled by Trail Ridge Wealth Management, Inc. David Chadwick Jones, Jef-
frey B. Kadavy, Mark K. Kerwood, Peter B. Loritz, and Jacqueline C. Zipser own and control Trail
Ridge Wealth Management, Inc. Jeffrey B. Kadavy services as the Chief Compliance Officer of TRIA.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
Portfolio Management
TRIA offers ongoing portfolio management services based on the individual goals, objectives, time
horizon, and risk tolerance of each client. TRIA creates an Investment Policy Statement for each
client, which outlines the client’s current situation (income, tax levels, and risk tolerance levels)
and then constructs a plan to aid in the selection of a portfolio that matches each client's specific
situation. Portfolio management services include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Determine investment strategy
• Tailor a personal investment policy
• Asset allocation
• Asset selection
• Assessment of risk tolerance
• Regular portfolio monitoring
TRIA evaluates the current investments of each client with respect to their risk tolerance levels
and time horizon. Risk tolerance levels are documented in the Investment Policy Statement, which
is given to each client. TRIA will require discretionary authority from portfolio management clients
in order to select securities and execute transactions without permission from the client prior to
each transaction. However, TRIA may present private investment opportunities to clients who are
self-described “accredited investors.” In such cases, clients will determine whether to invest, how
much to invest and from which account(s) they will invest.
TRIA seeks to make investment decisions in accordance with the fiduciary duties owed to its ac-
counts and without consideration of TRIA’s economic, investment, or other financial interests. To
meet its fiduciary obligations, TRIA attempts to avoid, among other things, investment or trading
practices that systematically advantage or disadvantage certain client portfolios, and accordingly,
TRIA’s policy is to seek fair and equitable allocation of investment opportunities/transactions
among its clients to avoid favoring one client over another over time. It is TRIA’s policy to allocate
investment opportunities and transactions it identifies as being appropriate and prudent, includ-
ing initial public offerings ("IPOs") and other investment opportunities that might have a limited
supply among its clients on a fair and equitable basis over time.
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Financial Planning
We provide various financial planning services that help you understand your overall financial
situation and help you set financial objectives. We accomplish this by helping you review your
financial goals, tax planning strategies, asset allocation, risk management, retirement planning,
and other areas and objectives. We provide our financial planning services on either an hourly
basis or through an ongoing financial advice subscription. Generally, financial planning provided
on an hourly basis will include preparing a comprehensive written financial plan. Ongoing financial
advice subscriptions, however, do not necessarily include preparation of a comprehensive written
financial plan but rather include “on-call advice,” where an advisor answers a client’s financial
questions as they arise on an ongoing basis.
SERVICES LIMITED TO SPECIFIC TYPES OF INVESTMENTS
TRIA generally limits its investment advice to mutual funds, fixed income securities, exchange-
traded REITs, insurance products, including annuities, equities, ETFs (including ETFs in the digital
assets, commodities, and precious metal sectors), treasury inflation protected/inflation-linked
bonds, and non-U.S. securities. TRIA will provide investment advice regarding exchange-traded
REITs and annuities; it may invest in exchange-traded REITs for client portfolios but will not invest
in annuities. Other securities may also be used to help diversify a portfolio when applicable.
TRIA will tailor a program for each individual client. This will include an interview session to get to
know the client’s specific needs and requirements, as well as a plan that will be executed by TRIA
on behalf of the client. TRIA may use “model allocations” together with a specific set of recom-
mendations for each client based on their personal restrictions, needs, and targets. Clients may
impose restrictions on investing in certain securities or types of securities in accordance with their
values or beliefs, which restrictions will be documented in the Investment Policy Statement. How-
ever, if the restrictions prevent TRIA from properly servicing the client account, or if the re-
strictions would require TRIA to deviate from its standard suite of services, TRIA reserves the right
to end the relationship.
OTHER INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
TRIA provides additional investment advisory services, including Trailhead Investment Manage-
ment Service™️ (“Trailhead”). Trailhead is a managed account offering designed for professionals
who are early in their careers and are beginning to invest for the future. For additional information
regarding these services and their corresponding fees, please request TRIA’s other disclosure
brochure on Form ADV Part 2A.
WRAP FEE PROGRAMS
TRIA does not participate in or offer wrap fee programs.
ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
As of December 31, 2024, TRIA managed $288,981,525 on a discretionary basis and $5,301,060
on a non-discretionary basis.
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Trail Ridge Investment Advisors, LLC
ITEM 5
Fees and Compensation
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT FEES
TRIA is compensated for portfolio management services by a negotiable fee based on total assets
under management. Fees and billing will be pre-determined in writing in an Investment Advisory
Agreement executed by the client and TRIA. TRIA has different fee schedules for its different
discretionary management approaches: with options, without options, and for trusts (excluding
life insurance trusts), of which TRIA’s affiliate, Trail Ridge Trust Company, LLC, is a trustee.
Discretionary Portfolio Management with Options
Total Assets Under Management
Annual Fee
$1 - $1,000,000
1.10%
$1,000,001 - $3,000,000
0.95%
$3,000,001 - $5,000,000
0.70%
$5,000,001 - $10,000,000
0.55%
$10,000,001 +
0.45%
* Minimum annual fee of $5,000 and minimum equity portfolio of $700,000.
Discretionary Portfolio Management without Options
Total Assets Under Management
Annual Fee
$1 - $1,000,000
1.00%
$1,000,001 - $3,000,000
0.80%
$3,000,001 - $5,000,000
0.60%
$5,000,001 - $10,000,000
0.50%
$10,000,001 +
0.40%
* Minimum annual fee of $2,000 and minimum account size of $200,000.
Discretionary Portfolio Management for Trusts of which
Trail Ridge Trust Company, LLC is a Trustee
Total Assets Under Management
Annual Fee
$1 - $1,000,000
0.80%
$1,000,001 - $3,000,000
0.70%
$3,000,001 - $5,000,000
0.45%
$5,000,001 - $10,000,000
0.30%
$10,000,001 +
0.20%
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Trail Ridge Investment Advisors, LLC
All fee and account minimums described above may be waived at TRIA’s discretion.
In its discretion, TRIA may combine the balances of related accounts for fee calculation purposes.
In such cases, one minimum annual fee will be charged across the group of related accounts.
Fees are paid either monthly or quarterly in arrears. TRIA uses the average daily balance of the
client’s accounts for the billing period, after taking into account deposits and withdrawals, for
purposes of determining the market value of the assets upon which the advisory fee is based.
Asset-based portfolio management fees are either withdrawn directly from the client's accounts
or invoiced and billed directly to the client; clients may select the method in which they are billed.
With respect to managed accounts held with a custodian with which TRIA does not have a
custodial arrangement (typcally defined contribution plan participant accounts), fees are
withdrawn directly from the client’s taxable account(s) as directed by the client. If the client does
not have a taxable account, fees will be invoiced and billed directly to the client.
For fees deducted directly from client accounts, in states that require it, TRIA will:
(A) Possess written authorization from the client to deduct advisory fees from an account
held by a qualified custodian.
(B) Utilize a custodian that sends at least monthly statements reflecting all additions and
deductions, including the amount of advisory fees.
(C) Send the qualified custodian written notice of the amount of the fee to be deducted
and send the client a written invoice upon or prior to fee deduction itemizing the fee,
including the formula used to calculate the fee, the time period covered by the fee,
and the amount of assets under management on which the fee was based.
For contracts terminated mid-billing period, clients will be responsible for paying the prorated
advisory fee (earned but unpaid), using the average daily balance of the client’s accounts for the
billing period through the date of termination.
These fees are generally negotiable, and the final fee schedule is attached as Exhibit II of the
Investment Advisory Contract. Clients may terminate the agreement without penalty for a full
refund of TRIA's fees within five business days of signing the Investment Advisory Contract.
Thereafter, clients may terminate the Investment Advisory Contract generally with 30 days
written notice.
FINANCIAL PLANNING FEES
Financial planning fees are charged according to one of the two methods described below. Fees
are generally negotiable; the final fee schedule is attached as Exhibit II of the Financial Planning
Agreement. Clients may terminate the agreement without penalty for a full refund of TRIA's fees
within five business days of signing the Financial Planning Agreement. Thereafter, clients may ter-
minate the Financial Planning Agreement generally upon written notice; any paid but unearned
fees will be refunded on a pro-rated basis.
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Trail Ridge Investment Advisors, LLC
Hourly Fees
The negotiated hourly fee for financial planning services is up to $250. In the alternative, TRIA
may charge a flat fee that is based on the hours expected to be involved. TRIA may waive the
financial planning fee for clients who participate in portfolio management services and have at
least $100,000 in assets under management.
Hourly financial planning fees are paid via check, electronic funds transfer, credit card, or debit
card in arrears upon completion. For financial planning contracts terminated prior to completion,
clients will be responsible for paying the earned, but unpaid advisory fee based upon the hourly
rate and the number of hours worked.
Ongoing Financial Advice Subscription
For an ongoing financial planning subscription, TRIA charges a recurring annual fee of 0.25% of
gross household income ($600 minimum) PLUS 0.10% of household net worth ($600 minimum),
adjusted annually. The fee is due and payable monthly or quarterly, as indicated in the Financial
Planning and Advice Agreement, via check, electronic funds transfer, credit card, or debit card. In
TRIA’s discretion, the recurring annual fee may be discounted or waived.
OTHER EXPENSES AND FEES
The fees discussed above include payment solely for the investment advisory services provided
by TRIA and are separate to certain fees or charges that are imposed by third parties in connection
with investments made on your behalf for your account. Third-party fees may include markdowns,
markups, brokerage commissions, other transaction costs, and/or custodial fees.
ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION
Neither TRIA nor its supervised persons accept any compensation for the sale of investment
products, including asset-based sales charges or service fees from the sale of mutual funds
ITEM 6
Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side
Management
We do not charge any performance-based fees, which are fees based on a share of capital gains
on or capital appreciation of your assets.
ITEM 7
Types of Clients
We provide our investment advisory services to:
• Individuals
• Charitable Organizations
• Trusts
• High Net Worth Individuals
• Insurance Companies
• Retirement Plans
Please refer to Item 5 for information regarding account minimums.
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ITEM 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and
Risk of Loss
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
We use various methods of analysis and investment strategies, including the following:
Fundamental Analysis – We evaluate economic and financial factors to determine if a security
may be underpriced, overpriced, or fairly priced. This method entails assessing a security by
attempting to determine its intrinsic value by examining related financial, economic, and other
qualitative and quantitative factors. Fundamental analysis requires an in-depth look at all factors
that can affect the security's value, from macroeconomic factors (like the overall economy and
industry conditions) to individually specific factors (like the financial situation and management
of companies). The overall objective of performing fundamental analysis is to determine a value
that an investor can use to determine what sort of position to take with that security. This method
of security analysis is contrary to technical analysis. Fundamental analysis involves using real data
to evaluate a security's value. Although most analysts use fundamental analysis to value stocks,
this method of valuation can be used for just about any type of security.
Modern Portfolio Theory - Modern portfolio theory (MPT) is a risk-averse theory that involves
the construction of portfolios to maximize and optimize expected return based on a given level of
market risk, emphasizing that risk is an inherent part of higher reward. According to the theory,
it's possible to construct an "efficient frontier" of optimal portfolios offering the maximum
possible expected return for a given level of risk.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
When formulating investment advice or managing client assets, we will use the following invest-
ment strategies. There are inherent risks associated with each of these strategies.
Long-Term Strategy – A long-term strategy may not take advantage of short-term gains or may
experience more volatility over the life of the portfolio.
Options Transactions – This strategy includes the risk that an option may expire out of the money,
resulting in minimal or no value, as well as the possibility of leveraged loss of trading capital due
to the leveraged nature of stock options.
Your accounts are managed separately with your underlying investment strategies, restrictions,
or investment limitations defined within the investment management agreement.
POTENTIAL RISKS
Investing involves different levels of risk that can result in the loss of any profits and/or principal
you have not realized. We manage your account in a manner consistent with your pre-determined
risk tolerance and suitability profile. However, we cannot and do not guarantee that our efforts
will be successful. Investing in securities involves the risk of loss, which you should be prepared
to bear.
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Investing involves the assumption of risk, including:
Company Risk: the risk when investing in stock positions. This is also commonly referred to as
unsystematic risk and can be reduced through the appropriate diversification strategy. There is
the risk that a company can perform poorly or that its value can be reduced on factors specific to
its industry.
Financial Risk: the risk that the investments we recommend to you perform poorly, which affect
the price of your investments.
Market Risk: the risk that the stock market will decline, decreasing the value of the securities we
recommend to you along with it.
Inflation Risk: the risk that the rate of price increases in the economy deteriorates the returns
associated with securities.
Political and Governmental Risk: the risk that the value of your investment may be affected by
the introduction of new laws or regulations.
Interest Rate Risk: the risk that the value of the investments we recommend to you will fall if
interest rates rise.
Call Risk: the risk that a security will be called away or purchased back from you when conditions
are favorable to a bond issuer or option purchaser and unfavorable to you.
Default Risk: the risk that a bond issuer is unable to pay the contractual interest or principal on a
bond promptly or at all.
Manager Risk: the risk that an investment adviser will fail to execute its stated investment
strategy or outperform an applicable index.
Industry Risk: the risk that a group of stocks in a single industry will decline in price due to adverse
developments in that industry, decreasing the value of portfolios significantly invested in that
industry.
Alternative Investment Risk: Private placements, hedge funds, private equity, Real Estate Invest-
ment Trusts (“REITs”), Business Development Companies (“BDCs”), and other alternative invest-
ments involve a high degree of risk and can be illiquid due to restrictions on transfer and lack of a
secondary trading market. They can be highly leveraged, speculative, and volatile, and an investor
could lose all or a substantial amount of an investment. Alternative investments may lack trans-
parency as to share price, valuation, and portfolio holdings. Complex tax structures often result
in delayed tax reporting. Compared to mutual funds, hedge funds and commodity pools are sub-
ject to less regulation and often charge higher fees. Alternative investment managers typically
exercise broad investment discretion and may apply similar strategies across multiple investment
vehicles, resulting in less diversification.
Cryptocurrency Risk: Cryptocurrency (notably, bitcoin), often referred to as “virtual currency,”
“digital currency,” or “digital assets,” involves blockchain technology. Transacting on a blockchain
depends in part specifically on the use of cryptographic keys that are required to access a user’s
account (or ‘‘wallet’’). The theft, loss, or destruction of these keys impairs the value of ownership
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Trail Ridge Investment Advisors, LLC
claims users have over the relevant assets being represented by the ledger. Cryptocurrency oper-
ates as a decentralized, peer-to-peer financial exchange and value storage that is used like money.
Clients may be exposed to cryptocurrencies other than bitcoin. Cryptocurrency operates without
central authority or banks and is not backed by any government. Even indirectly, cryptocurrencies
may experience very high volatility, and related investments may be affected by such volatility.
Any investment in cryptocurrency will be made, if at all, through a mutual or exchange-traded
fund; TRIA will not invest directly in any cryptocurrency.
Cryptocurrency funds may trade at a significant premium to NAV. Cryptocurrency is also not legal
tender. Federal, state, or foreign governments may restrict the use and exchange of cryptocur-
rency, and regulation in the U.S. is still developing. Because blockchain works by having every
transaction build on every other transaction, participants can self-police any corruption, which
can mitigate the need to depend on the current level of legal or government safeguards to mon-
itor and control the flow of business transactions. As a result, companies engaged in such block-
chain activities may be exposed to adverse regulatory action, fraudulent activity, or even failure.
The SEC has issued a public report stating U.S. federal securities laws require treating some digital
assets as securities. Cryptocurrency exchanges may stop operating or permanently shut down due
to fraud, technical glitches, hackers, or malware. Cryptocurrency has a limited trading history,
making it difficult for investors to evaluate investments in this cryptocurrency. Third parties may
assert intellectual property claims relating to the holding and transfer of digital assets, including
cryptocurrencies and their source code. Any threatened action that reduces confidence in a net-
work’s long-term ability to hold and transfer cryptocurrency may affect investments in cryptocur-
rencies.
Cryptocurrency Tax Risk: Many significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of
investments in cryptocurrency are uncertain, and such investments may produce income that is
not treated as qualifying income for purposes of the income test applicable to regulated invest-
ment companies. The taxation will depend on a number of factors, including the nature of any
investments made, the jurisdiction in which the income from such investments may be subject to
tax, the jurisdiction in which the investor is subject to tax, and the applicable laws in any relevant
jurisdiction.
ITEM 9 Disciplinary Information
As of the date of this brochure, we have not been subject to any disciplinary, legal, or regulatory
events related to past or present investment clients. There have been no disciplinary, legal, or
regulatory events related to us or any of our management persons.
ITEM 10 Other Financial Activities and Affiliations
FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES
Neither TRIA nor its management persons are registered or have applications pending to register
as a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer.
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Trail Ridge Investment Advisors, LLC
Neither TRIA nor its management persons are registered or have applications pending to register
as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, or commodity trading advisor.
Trail Ridge Trust Company, LLC (“TRTC”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of TRIA’s parent company,
Trail Ridge Wealth Management, Inc. TRTC operates under a trust company charter granted by
the Wyoming Division of Banking and provides trust, estate, and other fiduciary services. TRIA
may refer its clients to TRTC for various trust-related services. Furthermore, TRTC may act as a
trustee for TRIA clients. This may create a conflict of interest; however, TRIA clients always have
the right to use the service provider of their choice.
SELECTION OF OTHER INVESTMENT ADVISERS
We generally do not recommend or select third-party money managers (“TPMMs”) for our clients.
We may do so, however, if a client desires an investment strategy that we do not manage in-
house. We will always act in the best interest of our clients when recommending or selecting
TPMMs and receive no remuneration from any TPMM for doing so. If TRIA is billed directly by a
TPMM for its services, TRIA will pass that cost on to the applicable client account(s). The client
always has the right to decide whether to act on our recommendations and whether to utilize the
services of the recommended TPMM. The client always has the right to utilize the professional of
his or her choice. All TPMMs will be properly registered as investment advisers in the proper
jurisdictions.
ITEM 11 Code of Ethics, Participation in Client Transactions
and Personal Trading
CODE OF ETHICS
TRIA has developed a Code of Ethics that applies to all of its supervised persons. TRIA and its
investment adviser representatives (“IARs”) must act in a fiduciary capacity when providing
investment advisory services to you. As a fiduciary, it is an investment adviser’s responsibility to
provide fair and full disclosure of all material facts and to act solely in the best interest of each of
our clients at all times. TRIA has a fiduciary duty to all clients. This fiduciary duty is considered the
core underlying principle of our Code of Ethics, which also covers our insider trading and personal
securities transactions policies and procedures. We require all of our supervised persons to
conduct business with the highest level of ethical standards and to comply with all federal and
state securities laws at all times. Upon employment or affiliation and at least annually thereafter,
all supervised persons will acknowledge that they have read, understand, and agree to comply
with our Code of Ethics.
Our Code of Ethics is available to clients and prospective clients upon request.
RECOMMENDATIONS INVOLVING A MATERIAL FINANCIAL INTEREST
TRIA may, from time to time, facilitate the purchase and/or sale of securities between its clients’
accounts. This is known as an agency cross transaction. TRIA will receive client consent prior to
facilitating such transactions, and clients will always have the right to revoke their consent to such
transactions. Agency cross transactions present a potential conflict of interest in that TRIA may
act as a broker for both parties to the transaction. To mitigate any possible conflicts of interest,
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Trail Ridge Investment Advisors, LLC
TRIA will always seek the most favorable terms for its clients under the circumstances. TRIA re-
ceives no compensation from facilitating agency cross transactions.
PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS
There may be instances where an IAR will recommend to investment advisory clients or
prospective clients the purchase or sale of securities in which an IAR, its affiliates, or other clients
may also have a position or interest. Certain affiliated accounts may trade in the same securities
with client accounts on an aggregated basis. Generally, in such circumstances, the affiliated and
client accounts will share execution costs equally. Completed trade orders will be allocated ac-
cording to the instructions from the initial trade order. Partially filled trade orders will be allocated
on a pro-rata basis. Any exceptions will be explained in the trade order.
PERSONAL TRADING
Employees are permitted to have personal securities accounts as long as personal investing
practices are in line with fiduciary standards and regulatory requirements and do not conflict with
their duty to TRIA and our clients. TRIA monitors and controls personal trading through pre-ap-
proval of all personal securities transactions or blackout periods imposed upon employees trading
in the same securities as TRIA. We forbid any officer or employee, either personally or on behalf
of others, to trade on material, nonpublic information, or to communicate such information to
others in violation of the law.
ITEM 12 Brokerage Practices
TRIA currently has custodial arrangements with National Financial Services LLC (“NFS”) and the
Schwab Advisor Services division of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”). NFS and Schwab are
the unaffiliated, qualified custodians with which TRIA requires you to custody your accounts. NFS
and Schwab are independent SEC-registered broker-dealers and members of FINRA and SIPC. NFS
is an affiliate of Fidelity Investments; Schwab is an affiliate of The Charles Schwab Corporation.
TRIA uses a third-party platform to facilitate management of client assets in accounts held with
custodians with which TRIA does not have a custodial arrangement (“held away accounts”). Held
away accounts are typically defined contribution plan (e.g., 401(k), 403(b), etc.) participant ac-
counts. The platform allows TRIA to avoid being deemed to have custody of client funds, because
TRIA does not have direct access to client log-in credentials to effect trades. The client links his or
her held away accounts to the platform via a secure website. Once the client’s held away accounts
are linked to the platform, TRIA reviews their asset allocation and, if necessary, rebalances them
using the investment options available. TRIA regularly reviews the investment options available
to held away accounts, monitors them, and rebalances and implements TRIA’s strategies in the
same manner as for non-held away accounts. TRIA is not affiliated with the third-party platform
and receives no compensation for using it.
As a fiduciary, we are obligated to seek out the best execution of client transactions for the ac-
counts that we manage. In general, the execution of securities transactions is at a total cost to
process each transaction and is the most favorable under the circumstances. However, we do not
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Trail Ridge Investment Advisors, LLC
limit the best execution to the lowest available price. Additional factors are taken into consider-
ation when determining the arrangement and services in the selection of a broker-dealer or qual-
ified custodian. Our review consists of reviewing the commission and fee structures of various
broker-dealers, research platforms, and execution services. Accordingly, while we do consider
competitive rates, we do not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for account
transactions. Therefore, the overall services provided by unaffiliated broker-dealers and qualified
custodians are evaluated to determine the best execution. You may pay trade execution charges
and higher commissions through the trading platforms approved by us than through platforms
that have not been approved by us.
RESEARCH AND OTHER BENEFITS
NFS and Schwab provide us and our clients with access to their institutional brokerage – trading,
custody, reporting, and related services – many of which are not typically available to their retail
customers. NFS and Schwab also make available various support services. Some of those services
help us manage or administer our clients’ accounts, while others help us manage and grow our
business. These support services are generally available on an unsolicited basis, at no charge to
advisors.
Services that Benefit Our Clients. The institutional brokerage services of NFS and Schwab include
access to a broad range of investment products, execution of securities transactions, and custody
of client assets. The investment products available include some to which we might not otherwise
have access, or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by our clients.
The services described in this paragraph generally benefit clients or their account(s).
Services that May Not Directly Benefit Our Clients. NFS and Schwab also make available to us
other products and services that benefit us but may not directly benefit clients or their account(s).
These products and services assist us in managing and administering our clients’ accounts. They
include investment research, potentially both that of NFS and Schwab and that of third parties.
We may use this research to service all or some substantial number of our clients’ accounts, in-
cluding accounts not maintained at NFS or Schwab. In addition to investment research, NFS and
Schwab also make available software and other technology that:
• provide access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
•
statements);
facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client ac-
counts;
facilitate payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts; and
• provide pricing and other market data;
•
• assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client reporting.
Services that Benefit Us. NFS and Schwab may also offer other services intended to help us man-
age and further develop our business enterprise. These services generally benefit only us and
include:
• educational conferences and events
•
technology, compliance, legal, marketing, and business consulting;
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• publications and conferences on practice management and business succession; and
• access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance provid-
ers.
Our Interest in These Services. The availability of these services from NFS and Schwab benefits
us because we do not have to produce or purchase them.
In addition, Schwab has agreed to pay for certain technology, research, marketing, and compli-
ance consulting products and services on our behalf once the value of our client's assets in ac-
counts at Schwab reaches certain thresholds. These services are not contingent upon us commit-
ting any specific amount of business to Schwab in trading commissions or assets in custody. The
fact that we receive these benefits from Schwab provides an incentive for us to suggest or require
the use of Schwab, rather than making such a decision based exclusively on the client’s interest
in receiving the best value in custody services and the most favorable execution of transactions.
This is a potential conflict of interest. We believe, however, that in the cases in which we may
suggest or require the use of Schwab as custodian and broker, it is in the best interests of our
clients because it is primarily supported by the scope, quality, and price of Schwab’s services and
not Schwab’s services that benefit us.
BROKERAGE-FOR-CLIENT REFERRALS
We do not receive client referrals from broker-dealers.
DIRECTED BROKERAGE
We do not recommend, request, require, or permit clients to direct us to execute transactions
through a specific broker-dealer other than those we recommend.
TRADE AGGREGATION
If we buy or sell the same securities on behalf of more than one client whose accounts are main-
tained with the same qualified custodian, then we may (but are under no obligation to) aggregate
or bunch such securities in a single transaction for multiple clients in order to seek more favorable
prices, lower brokerage commissions, and/or more efficient execution. In such a case, we would
place an aggregate order with the broker on behalf of all such clients in order to ensure fairness
for all clients, provided, however, that trades would be reviewed periodically to ensure that ac-
counts are not systematically disadvantaged by this policy.
SECURITIES LITIGATION – CLASS ACTION CLAIMS
From time to time, class action lawsuits may be brought by shareholders against companies the
securities of which TRIA has purchased or maintained as investments for clients. TRIA retains the
services of a third party (the “provider”) to prepare, file, accept, and process class action claims,
settlement payments resulting from the claims, government filings, and any required supporting
documentation with claims administrators on behalf of TRIA’s clients. The provider may (a) re-
quest, gather, and/or copy all necessary documentation to file claim(s) on a client’s behalf; (b)
forward to claims administrators any materials necessary to complete a client’s claim(s) in class
action settlements; (c) accept, endorse, deposit, and otherwise deal with any check, instrument,
or other payment from claims administrators; and (d) cause others to take these actions. TRIA will
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give to the provider the client trade data and/or supporting documentation necessary to perform
the provider’s services. TRIA’s clients will be bound by the releases included in any settlement for
which the provider obtains settlement payments on their behalf. The provider is compensated for
its services by retaining a percentage of the settlement payments resulting from class action
claims. TRIA’s clients may opt out of this service in writing.
ITEM 13 Review of Accounts
PERIODIC REVIEWS
We review portfolio management accounts on an ongoing basis, but no less frequently than
annually. These accounts will be reviewed by the client’s primary advisor, with spot checks
performed by the Chief Compliance Officer. Accounts are reviewed to evaluate asset allocation,
investment strategy and objectives, cash balance, and performance, as well as the general
economic outlook and current investment trends.
All financial planning accounts are reviewed upon financial plan creation and plan delivery by
David C. Jones, Chief Planning Officer.
REVIEW TRIGGERS
We conduct periodic reviews to evaluate the current market, economic, and political events and
how these may affect client accounts. Additional reviews may be triggered by these events or by
events in a client’s financial or personal status.
REGULAR REPORTS
We do not provide regular written reports to portfolio management clients; however, these cli-
ents will receive account statements no less than quarterly. These statements show asset value
by cash balances, security, unit cost, total cost, current per-share values, etc. Clients are urged to
review the quarterly statements and notify us of any discrepancies. Clients are encouraged to
phone or email us as often as they deem necessary to receive information regarding the invest-
ment tactics and strategies being followed.
Generally, financial planning clients who pay financial planning fees on an hourly basis will receive
a written financial plan upon completion and have the opportunity to discuss the plan with us.
Our services will generally conclude upon delivery of the financial plan.
ITEM 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation
TRIA does not receive any economic benefit, directly or indirectly, from any third party for advice
rendered to its clients.
TRIA does not compensate third-party solicitors for client referrals.
ITEM 15 Custody
We are deemed to have custody of client funds and securities in the following circumstances: due
to our ability to deduct management fees from clients’ accounts, when clients authorize us in a
standing letter of authorization to disburse funds at our discretion to a third party, and where
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TRIA provides investment advisory services for trusts of which its affiliate, TRTC, serves as a trus-
tee. We will not take physical custody of clients’ funds and will not assign or transfer trading au-
thorization to another advisor. Clients will receive account statements from the qualified custo-
dian(s) holding their funds and securities at least quarterly. The custodian’s account statements
will indicate the amount of our management fees deducted from the clients’ account(s) each bill-
ing period. These statements should be carefully reviewed by the client for accuracy. Item 5 –
Fees and Compensation has additional information regarding our ability to deduct management
fees from clients’ accounts.
ITEM 16
Investment Discretion
DISCRETIONARY AUTHORITY FOR TRADING
If you are participating in our asset management services, upon receiving your written
authorization via our executed investment advisory agreement, we will maintain trading authori-
zation over your designated account(s) and may also implement trades on a discretionary basis.
When discretionary authority is granted, we will have the limited authority to determine the type
and number of securities that may be purchased, sold, or exchanged for your portfolio without
obtaining your consent for each transaction.
ITEM 17 Voting Client Securities
TRIA acknowledges its fiduciary obligation to vote proxies on behalf of those clients that have
delegated to it or for which it is deemed to have proxy voting authority. TRIA will vote proxies on
behalf of a client solely in the best interest of that client and has established general guidelines
for voting proxies. TRIA may also abstain from voting if, based on factors such as expense or
difficulty of the exercise, it determines that a client’s interests are better served by abstaining.
Further, because proxy proposals and individual company facts and circumstances may vary, TRIA
may vote in a manner that is contrary to the general guidelines if it believes that doing so would
be in a client’s best interest. If a proxy proposal presents a conflict of interest between TRIA and
a client, then TRIA will disclose the conflict of interest to the client prior to the proxy vote and, if
participating in the vote, will vote in accordance with the client's wishes.
Clients may obtain a complete copy of the proxy voting policies and procedures by contacting
TRIA in writing and requesting such information. Each client may also request, by contacting TRIA
in writing, information concerning the manner in which proxy votes have been cast with respect
to portfolio securities held by the client during the prior annual period.
ITEM 18 Financial Information
TRIA is not required to include a balance sheet for its most recent fiscal year. We are not subject
to a financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet contractual
commitments to our clients.
TRIA is currently not and has not historically been in a financially precarious situation or the sub-
ject of a bankruptcy petition.
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