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Item 1: Cover Page
D I S C L O S U R E B R O C H U R E
P R E P A R E D I N C O M P L I A N C E W I T H
T H E I N V E S T M E N T A D V I S E R S A C T O F 1 9 4 0 R U L E 2 0 4- 3 ( A )
TKG Advisors, LLC
dba
Kotys Wealth Professionals
Office Address:
1111 Glendale Blvd
Suite 105
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Tel: 219-465-6924
Fax: 219-465-6589
wes@kotyswealthpro.com
www.kotyswealthpro.com
M A R C H1 6 , 2 0 2 5
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of TKG
Advisors, LLC dba Kotys Wealth Professionals. Being registered as a registered investment adviser
does not imply a certain level of skill or training. If you have any questions about the contents of
this brochure, please contact us at 219-465-6924. The information in this brochure has not been
approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or by any state
securities authority.
Additional information about TKG Advisors, LLC dba Kotys Wealth Professionals (CRD #168156) is
available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov
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Item 2: Material Changes
Since Kotys Wealth Professionals’ annual update on March 6, 2024, this Disclosure
Brochure has been revised at Item 4, Item 12, and Item 14 to provide additional
information regarding custodial services, including the use of Interactive Brokers.
Additional non-material changes have been made to Item 4 to provide more
information regarding our advisory services.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Form ADV – Part 2A – Firm Brochure
Item 1: Cover Page ............................................................................................................................. i
Item 2: Material Changes .................................................................................................................... ii
Item 3: Table of Contents ................................................................................................................... iii
Item 4: Advisory Business .................................................................................................................. 4
Item 5: Fees and Compensation ..................................................................................................... 13
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ...................................... 17
Item 7: Types of Clients ..................................................................................................................... 17
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss .............................. 18
Item 9: Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................... 24
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ............................................. 24
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal
Trading.................................................................................................................................. 25
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ......................................................................................................... 26
Item 13: Review of Accounts ........................................................................................................... 28
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation ................................................................ 28
Item 15: Custody .................................................................................................................................. 29
Item 16: Investment Discretion ..................................................................................................... 29
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................... 30
Item 18: Financial Information ...................................................................................................... 30
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Item 4: Advisory Business
A.
TKG Advisors, LLC dba Kotys Wealth Professionals (“KWP”) was founded in
2013. Wesley Kotys is KWP’s Founder and serves as its Chief Executive Officer
and Chief Compliance Officer. Mr. Kotys is also the sole trustee of KWP’s
owner, the Wesley M. Kotys Revocable Trust dated April 5, 2023.
B.
As discussed below, KWP provides investment supervisory services, also
known as asset management services, and to the extent specifically requested
by a client, furnishes financial planning and investment advice through
ASSET MANAGEMENT
consultations.
KWP offers discretionary and non-discretionary asset management services
to advisory clients on a fee basis. The client can also engage KWP to provide
services limited to the management of the investment sub accounts of variable
annuity products previously purchased by the client on a fee basis.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
The client can engage KWP to provide discretionary or non-discretionary
investment advisory services on a fee basis. KWP’s annual investment
advisory fee is based upon a percentage (%) of the market value of the assets
placed under KWP’s management. Before engaging KWP to provide
investment advisory services, clients are required to enter into an Investment
Advisory Agreement with KWP setting forth the terms and conditions of the
engagement (including termination), describing the scope of the services to be
provided, and the fee that is due from the client.
KWP’s annual investment advisory fee shall include investment advisory
services, and, for clients with assets under KWP’s management exceeding
$500,000, financial planning and consulting services. For clients with less than
$500,000 in assets under KWP’s management, KWP may determine to charge
a $750 minimum planning fee in addition to the client’s standard investment
advisory fee, if the client elects to receive such financial planning and/or
consulting services. In the event that the client requires extraordinary
planning and/or consultation services (to be determined in the sole discretion
of KWP), KWP may determine to charge for such additional services pursuant
to a stand-alone Financial Planning Agreement (see below).
Please Note: KWP believes that it is important for the client to address
financial planning issues on an ongoing basis. KWP’s advisory fee, as set forth
at Item 5 below, will remain the same regardless of whether or not the client
determines to address financial planning issues with KWP.
To commence the investment advisory process, an investment adviser
representative will first ascertain each client’s investment objectives and then
allocate and/or recommend that the client allocate investment assets
consistent with the designated investment objectives. Once allocated, KWP
provides ongoing monitoring and review of account performance and asset
allocation as compared to client investment objectives, and may rebalance
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and/or may recommend that clients rebalance accounts as necessary based on
such reviews.
CASH MANAGEMENT
Clients may also engage KWP to provide cash management services. KWP’s
annual fee for cash management services is based upon a percentage (%) of
the market value of the assets placed in the cash management program, in
accordance with the client’s Cash Management Agreement.
KWP shall generally invest cash management assets in short term bonds,
exchange-traded funds, certificates of deposit (CDs), United States Treasuries,
structured notes, and mutual funds. KWP imposes a $100,000 minimum
investment for cash management services, which asset minimum may be
waived or reduced by KWP, at its sole discretion.
VARIABLE ANNUITY MANAGEMENT
The client can also engage KWP to provide investment advisory services
through its Variable Annuity Management Program (the “VA Program”). Under
the VA Program, KWP allocates client investment assets on a fee basis, among
the
investment subaccounts of variable annuity products previously
purchased by the client. Once allocated, KWP provides ongoing monitoring
and review of subaccount performance, asset allocation, and client investment
objectives.
ERISA PLAN SERVICES
KWP provides service to qualified and non-qualified retirement plans
including 401(k) plans, 403(b) plans, pension and profit sharing plans, cash
ERISA 3(21) Fiduciary
balance plans, and deferred compensation plans. KWP may act as either:
. KWP typically acts as a 3(21) fiduciary that can advise,
help and assist plan sponsors with their investment decisions. The plan
sponsor is still ultimately responsible for the decisions made in their plan,
though using KWP can help mitigate that plan sponsor’s liability by following
a diligent process. Advisory services are provided to plans per the terms and
conditions of a Retirement Plan Services Agreement between KWP and the
plan. For such engagements, KWP shall assist the Plan sponsor with the
selection of an investment platform from which Plan participants shall make
their respective investment choices (which may include investment strategies
devised and managed by KWP), and, to the extent engaged to do so, may also
provide corresponding education to assist the participants with their decision-
ERISA 3(38) Investment Manager
making process.
. KWP can also act as an ERISA 3(38)
Investment Manager in which it has discretionary management and control of
a given retirement plan’s assets. KWP would then become solely responsible
and liable for the selection, monitoring and replacement of the plan’s
investment options and, to the extent requested by the plan, the ongoing
management of discretionary investment allocation models made available to
plan participants. In such engagements, KWP will serve as an investment
fiduciary as that term is defined under ERISA. KWP will generally provide
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services on an “assets under management” fee basis per the terms and
conditions of an Investment Advisory Agreement between the Plan and the
QUALIFIED PLAN CONSULTING SERVICES
Firm.
It
is ultimately
the clients’ decision
to execute
KWP offers Qualified Plan Consulting Services to individuals
relative to 401(k)
plan assets maintained by the client in conjunction with the retirement plan
established by the client’s employer. KWP will meet with the client for
information gathering initially and then every quarter thereafter for review
and recommendations. Every quarter, KWP will review the investment
options available within the plan and make investment recommendations to
the client based on the investment options available and the client’s financial
objectives.
the
KWP’s ability shall be limited to the
recommendations made by KWP.
allocation of the assets among the investment alternatives available through
the plan. KWP will not receive any communications from the plan sponsor or
custodian, and it shall remain the client’s exclusive obligation to notify KWP of
any changes in investment alternatives, restrictions, etc. pertaining to the
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING
retirement account.
KWP offers financial consulting on specific topics or as a plan for an hourly fee
described in Item 5 below.
Goal Specific Planning
For a modular or goal specific plan, the client may select any one of the
following financial planning modules at an hourly fee:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Retirement Planning
Succession Planning
Education Planning
Estate Planning
Insurance Planning
Investment Planning
Accumulation Planning
Survivor Needs
Disability Income
Long Term Care
Cash Flow Analysis
Debt Management
Tax Planning
Major Purchase Planning
Divorce Planning
For a financial plan, the client will receive an analysis on any or all of the above
modules in order to analyze their complete financial picture. In addition,
planning for unique situations such as the sale of a business, managing stock
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Kotys Wealth Professionals
included
in a
options, or receiving a windfall/inheritance may be
comprehensive financial plan.
of
Financial
Planning
and
Non-Investment
The client retains full discretion to accept or reject any of KWP’s planning
recommendations. If the client elects to act on any of the recommendations,
the client is under no obligation to effect the transaction through KWP.
Financial plans will generally be completed and delivered inside of ninety (90)
days.
Limitations
MISCELLANEOUS
Consulting/Implementation Services.
Please Note:
accountants,
insurance
agents,
etc.),
h
Please Note:
To the extent requested by a client,
KWP may provide financial planning and related consulting services regarding
non-investment related matters, such as estate planning, tax planning,
insurance, etc. KWP will generally provide such consulting services inclusive
of its advisory fee set forth at Item 5 below (exceptions could occur based upon
assets under management, extraordinary matters, special projects, stand-
alone planning engagements, etc. for which KWP may charge a separate or
KWP believes that it is important for the client to
additional fee).
address financial planning issues on an ongoing basis. KWP’s advisory fee, as
set forth at Item 5 below, will remain the same regardless of whether or not
the client determines to address financial planning issues with KWP. KWP
does not serve as a law firm, accounting firm, or insurance agency, and no
portion of KWP’s services should be construed as legal, accounting, or
insurance implementation services. Accordingly, KWP does not prepare estate
planning documents, tax returns, nor does it offer or sell insurance products.
To the extent requested by a client, KWP may recommend the services of other
professionals for certain non-investment implementation purposes (i.e.
including KWP’s
attorneys,
representatives acting in their capacity as licensed insurance agents (See
disclosure at Item 10.C below) . Clients are reminded that they are under no
obligation to engage the services of any such recommended professional. The
client retains absolute discretion over all such implementation decisions and
is free to accept or reject any recommendation made by KWP or its
representatives. Also, the recommendation by KWP that a client consider the
purchase of an insurance product from a KWP representative presents a
owever, this conflict of interest is mitigated
potential conflict of interest,
where KWP representatives do not sell insurance commission-based
products.
If the client engages any unaffiliated professional,
recommended or otherwise, and a dispute arises thereafter relative to such
engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from and against
the engaged professional. At all times, the engaged licensed professional(s)
(i.e., attorney, accountant, insurance agent, etc.), and not KWP, shall be
Custodian Charges-
responsible for the quality and competency of the services provided.
Additional Fees. As discussed below at Item 12 below,
when requested to recommend a broker-dealer/custodian for client accounts,
KWP generally recommends that Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) or
Interactive Brokers LLC (“Interactive Brokers”) serve as the broker-
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those
fees) shall differ depending upon
dealer/custodian for client investment management assets.
The specific
broker-dealer/custodian recommended could depend upon the scope and
nature of the services required by the client. Broker-dealers such as Schwab
or Interactive Brokers charge brokerage commissions, transaction, and/or
other type fees for effecting certain types of securities transactions (i.e.,
including transaction fees for certain mutual funds, and mark-ups and mark-
downs charged for fixed income transactions, etc.). The types of securities for
which transaction fees, commissions, and/or other type fees (as well as the
amount of
the broker-
dealer/custodian (while certain custodians, including Schwab, do not
currently charge fees on individual equity or ETF transactions, others, such as
Interactive Brokers, may). Please Note: there can be no assurance that Schwab
will not change its transaction fee pricing in the future. Please Also Note:
Schwab may also assess fees to clients who elect to receive trade
confirmations and account statements by regular mail rather than
electronically. When beneficial to the client, individual fixed-income and/or
equity transactions may be effected through broker-dealers with whom KWP
and/or the client have entered into arrangements for prime brokerage
clearing services, including effecting certain client transactions through other
SEC registered and FINRA member broker-dealers (in which event, the client
generally will incur both the transaction fee charged by the executing broker-
dealer and a “trade-away” fee charged by Schwab). These fees/charges are in
addition to KWP’s investment advisory fee at Item 5 below. KWP does not
receive any portion of these fees/charges. ANY QUESTIONS: KWP’s Chief
Compliance Officer remains available to address any questions that a client or
Data Aggregation Platforms.
prospective client may have regarding the above.
KWP, in conjunction with the services provided
by ByAllAccounts, Orion, eMoney, Riskalyze, and/or other data aggregation
platforms may also provide periodic comprehensive reporting services which
can incorporate all of the client’s investment assets, including those
investment assets that are not part of the assets managed by KWP (the
“Excluded Assets”). The client and/or their other advisors that maintain
trading authority, and not KWP, shall be exclusively responsible for the
investment performance of the Excluded Assets. Unless otherwise specifically
agreed to, in writing, KWP’s service relative to the Excluded Assets is limited
to reporting only. The sole exception to the above shall be if KWP is specifically
engaged to monitor and/or allocate the assets within the client’s 401(k)
account maintained away at the custodian directed by the client’s employer.
As such, except with respect to the client’s 401(k) account (if applicable), KWP
does not maintain any trading authority for the Excluded Assets. Rather, the
client and/or the client’s designated other investment professional(s)
maintain supervision, monitoring and trading authority for the Excluded
Assets. If KWP were asked to make a recommendation as to any Excluded
Assets, the client
is under absolutely no obligation to accept the
recommendation, and KWP shall not be responsible for any implementation
error (timing, trading, etc.) relative to the Excluded Assets. In the event the
client desires that KWP provide investment management services for the
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Kotys Wealth Professionals
Excluded Assets, the client may engage KWP to do so pursuant to the terms
and conditions of the Investment Advisory Agreement between KWP and the
client. The eMoney platform also provides access to other types of information
and applications including financial planning concepts and functionality,
which should not, in any manner whatsoever, be construed as services, advice,
or recommendations provided by KWP. Finally, KWP shall not be held
responsible for any adverse results a client may experience if the client
engages in financial planning or other functions available on the eMoney
Client Obligations.
platform without KWP’s assistance or oversight.
In performing its services, KWP shall not be required to
verify any information received from the client or from the client’s other
professionals, and is expressly authorized to rely thereon. Moreover, each
client is advised that it remains his/her/its responsibility to promptly notify
KWP if there is ever any change in his/her/its financial situation or investment
objectives for the purpose of reviewing/evaluating/revising KWP’s previous
Authorized Agents
recommendations and/or services.
. In an attempt to enhance services to its clients, KWP has
entered into an arrangement with an unaffiliated registered investment
adviser (G&S Capital, LLC; CRD: 171033) (“G&S”) for the provision of certain
back-office services. Pursuant to this arrangement, certain representatives of
G&S have executed documents to become authorized agents of KWP. This
arrangement gives such G&S representatives the ability to implement trades
on behalf of KWP, at KWP’s direction. Per the terms of this arrangement, no
representative of G&S is entitled to make any investment decisions or trades
on behalf of any KWP client without prior instruction from an appropriate
Retirement Rollovers – No Obligation / Conflict of Interest
KWP representative.
: A client or
prospective client leaving an employer typically has four options regarding an
existing retirement plan (and may engage in a combination of these options):
(i) leave the money in the former employer’s plan, if permitted, (ii) roll over
the assets to the new employer’s plan, if one is available and rollovers are
permitted, (iii) roll over to an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”), or (iv)
cash out the account value (which could, depending upon the client’s age,
result in adverse tax consequences). If KWP recommends that a client roll over
their retirement plan assets into an account to be managed by KWP, such a
recommendation creates a conflict of interest if KWP will earn a new (or
increase its current) advisory fee as a result of the rollover. If KWP provides a
recommendation as to whether a client should engage in a rollover or not
(whether it is from an employer’s plan or an existing IRA), KWP is acting as a
fiduciary within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws
governing retirement accounts. No client is under any obligation to rollover or
transfer retirement plan assets to an account managed by KWP, whether it is
Cash Sweep Accounts
from an employer’s plan or an existing IRA.
. Certain account custodians can require that cash
proceeds from account transactions or new deposits, be swept to and/or
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initially maintained in a specific custodian designated sweep account. The
yield on the sweep account will generally be lower than those available for
other money market accounts. When this occurs, to help mitigate the
corresponding yield dispersion, KWP shall (usually within 30 days thereafter)
generally (with exceptions) purchase a higher yielding money market fund (or
other type security) available on the custodian’s platform, unless KWP
reasonably anticipates that it will utilize the cash proceeds during the
subsequent 30-day period to purchase additional investments for the client’s
account. Exceptions and/or modifications can and will occur with respect to
all or a portion of the cash balances for various reasons, including, but not
limited to the amount of dispersion between the sweep account and a money
market fund, the size of the cash balance, an indication from the client of an
imminent need for such cash, or the client has a demonstrated history of
writing checks from the account.
Please Note: The above does not apply to the cash component maintained
within KWP’s actively managed investment strategy (the cash balances for
which shall generally remain in the custodian designated cash sweep account),
an indication from the client of a need for access to such cash, assets allocated
to an unaffiliated investment manager, and cash balances maintained for fee
billing purposes. Please Also Note: The client shall remain exclusively
responsible for yield dispersion/cash balance decisions and corresponding
transactions for cash balances maintained in any of KWP’s unmanaged
Cybersecurity Risk
accounts.
interruptions
in KWP’s operations and/or result
. The information technology systems and networks that
KWP and its third-party service providers use to provide services to KWP’s
clients employ various controls that are designed to prevent cybersecurity
incidents stemming from intentional or unintentional actions that could cause
in the
significant
unauthorized acquisition or use of clients’ confidential or non-public personal
information. In accordance with Regulation S-P, KWP is committed to
protecting the privacy and security of its clients' non-public personal
information by implementing appropriate administrative, technical, and
physical safeguards. KWP has established processes to mitigate the risks of
cybersecurity incidents, including the requirement to restrict access to such
sensitive data and to monitor its systems for potential breaches. Clients and
KWP are nonetheless subject to the risk of cybersecurity incidents that could
ultimately cause them to incur financial losses and/or other adverse
consequences. Although KWP has established processes to reduce the risk of
cybersecurity incidents, there is no guarantee that these efforts will always be
successful, especially considering that KWP does not control the cybersecurity
measures and policies employed by third-party service providers, issuers of
securities, broker-dealers, qualified custodians, governmental and other
regulatory authorities, exchanges, and other financial market operators and
providers. In compliance with Regulation S-P, KWP will notify clients in the
event of a data breach involving their non-public personal information as
required by applicable state and federal laws.
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Margin Accounts: Risks/Conflict of Interest.
KWP does not recommend the
use of margin for investment purposes. A margin account is a brokerage
account that allows investors to borrow money to buy securities and/or for
other non-investment borrowing purposes. The broker/custodian charges the
investor interest for the right to borrow money and uses the securities as
collateral. By using borrowed funds, the customer is employing leverage that
will magnify both account gains and losses. Should a client determine to use
margin, KWP will include the net value of the margined assets when
computing its advisory fee. Please Note: The use of margin can cause
Cash Positions
significant adverse financial consequences in the event of a market correction.
Please Note
ANY QUESTIONS
. Depending upon perceived or anticipated market
conditions/events (there being no guarantee that such anticipated market
conditions/events will occur), KWP may maintain cash and cash equivalent
positions (such as money market funds, etc.) for defensive and liquidity
purposes. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, all such cash positions are
included as part of assets under management for purposes of calculating
KWP’s advisory fee. In addition, while assets are maintained in cash, such
amounts could miss market advances. Depending upon current yields, at any
point in time, KWP’s advisory fee could exceed the interest paid by the client’s
money market fund.
: In addition to fees attributable to cash
positions within a client’s advisory account, clients who maintain assets in
KWP’s cash management program shall be assessed a fee on the cash
management account value in accordance with the client’s Cash Management
: KWP’s Chief Compliance Officer, Wesley Kotys,
Agreement.
remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective may
Please Note: Socially Responsible (ESG) Investing Limitations
have regarding the above fee billing practice.
it operates); and Governance
. Socially
Responsible Investing involves the incorporation of Environmental, Social and
Governance (“ESG”) considerations into the investment due diligence process.
ESG investing incorporates a set of criteria/factors used in evaluating
potential investments: Environmental (i.e., considers how a company
safeguards the environment); Social (i.e., the manner in which a company
manages relationships with its employees, customers, and the communities in
which
(i.e., company management
considerations). The number of companies that meet an acceptable ESG
mandate can be limited when compared to those that do not, and could
underperform broad market indices. Investors must accept these limitations,
including potential for underperformance. As with any type of investment
(including any investment and/or investment strategies recommended
and/or undertaken by KWP), there can be no assurance that investment in ESG
securities or funds will be profitable, or prove successful. KWP generally relies
on the assessments undertaken by the unaffiliated mutual fund, exchange
traded fund or separate account manager to determine that the fund’s or
portfolio’s underlying company securities meet a socially responsible
mandate.
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Kotys Wealth Professionals
Non-Discretionary Services Limitations
. KWP generally provides its
investment advisory services on a discretionary basis and only accepts non-
discretionary authority in very limited circumstances, generally as a client
accommodation. Clients that determine to engage KWP on a non-discretionary
investment advisory basis must be willing to accept that KWP cannot effect
any account transactions without obtaining prior consent to any such
transaction(s) from the client. Thus, in the event that KWP would like to make
a transaction for a client’s account, and client is unavailable, KWP will be
unable to effect the account transaction (as it would for its discretionary
Use of Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds
clients) without first obtaining the client’s consent.
. While KWP may
recommend allocating investment assets to mutual funds and exchange traded
funds that are not available directly to the public, KWP may also recommend
that clients allocate investment assets to publicly-available mutual funds and
exchange traded funds that the client could obtain without engaging KWP as
an investment adviser. However, if a client or prospective client determines to
allocate investment assets to publicly-available mutual funds without
engaging KWP as an investment adviser, the client or prospective client would
not receive the benefit of KWP’s initial and ongoing investment advisory
services. In addition to KWP’s investment advisory fee described below, and
transaction and/or custodial fees discussed below, clients will also incur,
relative to all mutual fund and exchange traded fund purchases, charges
Portfolio Activity
imposed at the fund level (e.g., management fees and other fund expenses).
. KWP has a fiduciary duty to provide services consistent
with the client’s best interest. As part of its investment advisory services, KWP
will review client portfolios on an ongoing basis to determine if any changes
are necessary based upon various factors, including, but not limited to,
investment performance, market conditions, mutual fund manager tenure,
style drift, and/or a change in the client’s investment objective. Based upon
these factors, there may be extended periods of time when KWP determines
that changes to a client’s portfolio are neither necessary nor prudent. Of
course, as indicated below, there can be no assurance that investment
decisions made by KWP will be profitable or equal any specific performance
level(s).
Clients remain subject to the fees described in Item 5 below during
Client Retirement Plan Assets
periods of portfolio inactivity.
. If requested to do so, KWP can provide
investment advisory services relative to 401(k) plan assets maintained by the
client in conjunction with the retirement plan established by the client’s
employer. In such event, KWP shall allocate (or recommend that the client
allocate) the retirement account assets among the investment options
available on the 401(k) platform. KWP’s ability shall be limited to the
allocation of the assets among the investment alternatives available through
the plan. KWP will not receive any communications from the plan sponsor or
custodian, and it shall remain the client’s exclusive obligation to notify KWP of
any changes in investment alternatives, restrictions, etc. pertaining to the
retirement account. Unless expressly indicated by KWP to the contrary, in
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Investment Risk
writing, the client’s 401(k) plan assets shall be included as assets under
Please Note:
management for purposes of KWP calculating its advisory fee.
).
. Different types of investments involve varying
degrees of risk, and it should not be assumed that future performance of any
specific investment or investment strategy (including the investments and/or
investment strategies recommended or undertaken by KWP) will be profitable
Disclosure Statement.
or equal any specific performance level(s
A copy of KWP’s written Brochure as set forth on Part
2 of Form ADV, along with the Form CRS Relationship Summary, shall be
provided to each client before, or contemporaneously with, the execution of
the Investment Advisory Agreement or Financial Planning Agreement.
C.
Prior to providing investment advisory services, an investment adviser
representative will discuss with each client, their particular investment
objective(s). The goals and objectives for each client are documented in our
client files. Investment strategies are then created that reflect the stated goals
and objective. Clients may impose restrictions on investing in certain
securities or types of securities.
D.
KWP does not participate in a wrap fee program.
E.
As of December 31, 2024, KWP had $272,141,077 in client assets under
management on a discretionary basis.
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
A.
KWP bases its fees on a percentage of assets under management and hourly
charges. KWP, in its sole discretion, may waive its minimum fee and/or charge
a lesser investment advisory fee based upon certain criteria (e.g., historical
relationship, type of assets, anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated
future additional assets, dollar amounts of assets to be managed, related
accounts, account composition, negotiations with clients, etc.).
For asset-based fee arrangements, fee adjustments are made for account
deposits and withdrawals. For account deposits, these fee adjustments are
prorated based on the date on which KWP began managing the deposited
assets. For account withdrawals, the fee adjustment is prorated based on the
date of the withdrawal. When KWP bills its fee in advance, any applicable fee
adjustments are applied at the following billing interval.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
The negotiable annual investment advisory fee (“Annual Fee”) schedule for
KWP’s advisory services is described below:
Assets Under
Management
KWP
Maximum
Annual
Fee
KWP
Maximum
Quarterly
Fee*
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Kotys Wealth Professionals
$0 - $499,999
1.75%
.44%
$500,000 - $999,999
1.65%
.41%
$1,000,000 - $2,999,999
1.50%
.38%
$3,000,000 - $4,999,999
1.00%
.25%
$5,000,000 - $9,999,999
0.75%
.19%
$10,000,000 and above
0.50%
.13%
*Maximum quarterly fees are rounded to the nearest one-hundredth of a
percent.
In its sole discretion, KWP may aggregate asset totals of related accounts for
the purposes of fee breakpoints and calculations.
For clients with assets under KWP’s management exceeding $500,000, KWP’s
annual investment advisory fee shall also include financial planning and
consulting services. For clients with less than $500,000 in assets under KWP’s
management, KWP may determine to charge a $750 minimum planning fee in
addition to the client’s standard investment advisory fee, if the client elects to
receive such financial planning and/or consulting services. In the event that
the client requires extraordinary planning and/or consultation services (to be
determined in the sole discretion of KWP), KWP may determine to charge for
such additional services pursuant to a stand-alone Financial Planning
Agreement (see below).
CASH MANAGEMENT
The annual fee for KWP’s cash management services shall generally range
from 0.15% to 0.50% of assets held in the cash management program, based
upon various objective and subjective factors, including the complexity of the
client’s overall engagement with KWP, the level and scope of the overall
investment advisory services to be rendered for the client in addition to cash
management, negotiations, and other factors. As a result, similarly situated
clients could pay diverse fees, and the services to be provided by KWP to any
particular client could be available from other advisers at lower fees. All clients
and prospective clients should be guided accordingly. ANY QUESTIONS: KWP’s
Chief Compliance Officer, Wesley Kotys, remains available to address any
questions regarding Fee Differentials.
VARIABLE ANNUITY MANAGEMENT
KWP offers asset management services to advisory clients on their variable
annuities based on an annual fee of 1.30% of assets held in variable annuity
subaccounts. If a client holds assets managed under other advisory
agreements, the assets held in variable annuity subaccounts will be aggregated
with those assets and applied to the above tiered fee schedule, potentially
lowering the overall fee for the client.
ERISA PLAN SERVICES
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Kotys Wealth Professionals
The annual fees are based on the market value of the Included Assets and will
not exceed 1% of the value. The compensation of KWP for the services is
described in detail in Schedule A of the ERISA Plan Agreement. The Plan is
obligated to pay the fees, however the Plan Sponsor may elect to pay the fees.
KWP does not reasonably expect to receive any additional compensation,
directly or indirectly, for its services under this Agreement. If additional
compensation is received, KWP will disclose this compensation, the services
rendered, and the payer of compensation. KWP will offset the compensation
against the fees agreed upon under this Agreement.
QUALIFIED PLAN CONSULTING SERVICES
The annual fee for Qualified Plan Consulting Services will not exceed 1% of
included plan assets. If a client holds assets managed under other advisory
agreements, the assets managed under this section will be aggregated with
those assets and applied to the tiered fee schedule, potentially lowering the
overall fee for the client.
FINANCIAL PLANNING and CONSULTING
KWP charges an hourly fee of $375 for financial planning and consulting. Prior
to the planning process the client will be provided an estimated plan fee. Client
will pay the estimated fee at the signing of the agreement. The services include,
but are not limited to, a thorough review of all applicable topics including
Fee Dispersion.
Wills, Estate Plan/Trusts, Investments, Taxes, and Insurance.
KWP, in its discretion, may charge a lesser investment
advisory fee, charge a flat fee, waive its fee entirely, or charge fee on a different
interval, based upon certain criteria (i.e. anticipated future earning capacity,
anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be managed,
related accounts, account composition, complexity of the engagement,
anticipated services to be rendered, grandfathered fee schedules, employees
and family members, courtesy accounts, competition, negotiations with client,
etc.). Please Note: As result of the above, similarly situated clients could pay
different fees. In addition, similar advisory services may be available from
other investment advisers for similar or lower fees. ANY QUESTIONS: KWP’s
Chief Compliance Officer remains available to address any questions that a
client or prospective client may have regarding advisory fees.
B.
Clients may elect to have KWP’s advisory fees deducted from their custodial
account. Both the respective form of client agreement that KWP’s clients sign
and the custodial/clearing agreements may authorize the custodian to debit
the account for the amount of KWP’s investment advisory fee and to directly
remit that management fee to KWP in compliance with regulatory procedures.
In the limited event that KWP bills the client directly, payment is due upon
receipt of KWP’s invoice. KWP shall deduct fees and/or bill clients quarterly in
advance, based upon the market value of the assets on the last business day of
the previous quarter.
In the event that the fee is determined quarterly, in advance, based upon the
market value of such assets on the last day of the previous quarter, the Firm’s
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Kotys Wealth Professionals
policy is to treat intra-quarter account additions and withdrawals equally (i.e.,
adjustments are made in the following billing period to the advisory fee for
intra-quarter additions or withdrawals in excess of $1 ) unless indicated to the
contrary on the Firm’s Investment Advisory Agreement executed by the client.
C.
As discussed below, unless the client directs otherwise or an individual client’s
circumstances require, KWP shall generally recommend that Schwab or
Interactive Brokers serve as the broker-dealer/custodian
for client
investment management assets. Broker-dealers such as Schwab or Interactive
Brokers charge brokerage commissions and/or transaction fees for effecting
certain securities transactions (i.e., transaction fees are charged for certain no-
load mutual funds, commissions are charged for individual equity and fixed
income securities transactions). In addition to KWP’s investment management
fee, brokerage commissions and/or transaction fees, clients will also incur,
relative to all mutual fund and exchange traded fund purchases, charges
imposed at the fund level (e.g., management fees and other fund expenses).
For more details on brokerage practices, see Item 12 of this brochure.
When KWP reasonably determines that it would be beneficial for the client,
individual equity and/or fixed income transactions may be executed through
broker-dealers other than the account custodian. In that event, the client will
generally incur both the fee (commission, mark-up/mark-down) charged by
the executing broker-dealer and a separate “trade-away” and/or prime broker
fee charged by the account custodian.
D.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND CASH MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Fees are billed quarterly in advance based on the amount of assets managed
as of the close of business on the last business day of each quarter. Quarterly
advisory fees deducted from the clients' account by the custodian will be
reflected in a provided fee invoice as fees are withdrawn. Lower fees for
comparable services may be available from other sources.
The agreement may be terminated by either party by giving to the other party
thirty (30) days written notice. On termination, any prepaid fees will be
refunded to the client.
VARIABLE ANNUITY MANAGEMENT
Fees are billed quarterly in advance based on the amount of assets managed
as of the close of business on the last business day of each quarter and will be
due within ten (10) business days. The agreement may be terminated by either
party by giving to the other party thirty (30) days written notice. On
termination, any prepaid fees will be refunded to the client.
ERISA PLAN SERVICES
The fee is charged quarterly in arrears and the initial fee will be based on the
market value of the Plan assets as calculated by the custodian or record keeper
of the Included Assets on the first business day of the initial fee period and will
be due on the first business day of the fee period. For services started any time
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Kotys Wealth Professionals
other than the first day of a quarter, the fee will be prorated based on the
number of days remaining in the initial fee period. Thereafter, the fee will be
based on the market value of the Plan assets on the last business day of the
previous fee period (without adjustments for anticipated withdrawals by Plan
participants or other anticipated or scheduled transfers or distribution of
assets) and will be due within ten (10) business days. If this Agreement is
terminated prior to the end of the fee period, KWP shall be entitled to a
prorated fee based on the number of days during the fee period services were
provided. Any unearned fees shall be refunded to the Plan or Plan Sponsor.
QUALIFIED PLAN CONSULTING SERVICES
Fees will be paid quarterly in advance. Client will be provided an invoice at the
commencement of services payable directly to KWP within ten (10) days of
receipt. Clients will have the amount deducted from another account managed
by KWP. Client shall be given thirty (30) days prior written notice of any
increase in fees, and client will acknowledge, in writing, any agreement of
increase in said fees. On termination, the client will be entitled to a pro-rata
refund based on advice already rendered.
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING
Client will pay the estimated fee at the signing of the agreement. Services are
generally completed and delivered inside of ninety (90) days. The fees for
financial planning and consulting may be waived at the discretion of KWP if
KWP manages $500,000 or more of the client’s assets.
E.
KWP does not receive any external compensation for the sale of securities to
clients, nor do any of the investment advisor representatives of KWP.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Fees are not based on a share of the capital gains or capital appreciation of
managed securities.
Item 7: Types of Clients
KWP generally provides investment advice to individuals, high net worth
individuals, charitable organizations, and pension and profit sharing plans.
Client relationships vary in scope and length of service.
KWP requires a minimum of $500,000 to open an investment advisory
account. KWP requires a minimum of $100,000 to open a cash management
account. However, KWP may waive its minimum account size and/or charge a
lesser investment advisory fee at their discretion based upon certain criteria
(e.g., historical relationship, type of assets, anticipated future earning capacity,
anticipated future additional assets, dollar amounts of assets to be managed,
related accounts, account composition, negotiations with clients, etc.). As
discussed in Item 4 above, investment advisory clients with less than $500,000
under KWP’s management will be subject to a $750 minimum financial
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Kotys Wealth Professionals
Please Note
planning fee, if the client elects to receive such service.
: Similar
advisory services may be available from other investment advisers for similar
or lower fees.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
A.
Methods of Analysis
As an investment philosophy, KWP practices a nimble trading strategy that
seeks to grow client assets in up trends and protect principal during down
trends. We employ a technical quantitative and qualitative strategy that seeks
to minimize risk by participating in market environments when they are
positive and exiting the market when the environment is negative. Our goal is
to position for potential gains in advancing markets and to help protect capital
in sideways or down markets.
Please Note:
Security analysis methods may include fundamental analysis and technical
analysis.
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients
should be prepared to bear. Past performance is not a guarantee of future
returns.
Fundamental analysis involves evaluating a stock using real data such as
company revenues, earnings, return on equity, and profits margins to
determine underlying value and potential growth. Technical analysis involves
evaluating securities based on past prices and volume.
When creating a financial plan, KWP utilizes fundamental analysis to provide
review of insurance policies for economic value and income replacement.
Technical analysis is used to review mutual funds, stock and ETFs. The main
sources of information include client documents such as tax returns and
insurance policies, and other research processes KWP uses.
In developing a financial plan for a client, KWP’s analysis may include cash
flow analysis, investment planning, risk management, tax planning and estate
planning. Based on the information gathered, a detailed strategy is tailored to
the client’s specific situation.
The main sources of information include financial newspapers and magazines,
annual reports, prospectuses, filings with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, and an investment committee, which is described in more detail
below.
Investment Committee
KWP has formed an investment committee in conjunction with G&S. The
committee meets on a regular basis to share information regarding market
trends, investment strategies, research findings, and other topics related to the
management of client accounts. The committee does not discuss any specific
client accounts, and each member of the committee maintains exclusive
responsibility for ensuring that any actions taken with respect to client
accounts are in accordance with that client’s designated investment objective
and any applicable restrictions. Members of the investment committee are
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Kotys Wealth Professionals
ANY QUESTIONS
under absolutely no obligation to accept or implement any trading concepts
and/or strategies discussed by the committee.
: KWP’s Chief
Compliance Officer, Wesley Kotys, remains available to address any questions
regarding this investment committee arrangement.
Investment Strategies
The investment strategy for a specific client is based upon the objectives stated
by the client during consultations. The client may change these objectives at
any time. Each client executes an Investment Policy Statement or Risk
Tolerance that documents their objectives and their desired investment
strategy.
Strategies implemented by KWP may include long-term purchases, short-term
purchases, trading, and option writing (including covered options, uncovered
options or spreading strategies).
All investment programs have certain risks that are borne by the investor.
Fundamental analysis may involve interest rate risk, market risk, business
risk, and financial risk. Risks involved in technical analysis are inflation risk,
reinvestment risk, and market risk. Cyclical analysis involves inflation risk,
market risk, and currency risk.
•
Our investment approach constantly keeps the risk of loss in mind. Investors
Interest-rate Risk
face the following investment risks and should discuss these risks with KWP:
• Market Risk
: Fluctuations in interest rates may cause investment prices
to fluctuate. For example, when interest rates rise, yields on existing bonds
become less attractive, causing their market values to decline.
factors
•
: The price of a security, bond, or mutual fund may drop in reaction
to tangible and intangible events and conditions. This type of risk is caused by
external
independent of a security’s particular underlying
circumstances. For example, political, economic and social conditions may
Inflation Risk
trigger market events.
: When any type of inflation is present, a dollar today will buy
more than a dollar next year, because purchasing power is eroding at the rate
• Currency Risk
of inflation.
• Reinvestment Risk
: Overseas investments are subject to fluctuations in the value of
the dollar against the currency of the investment’s originating country. This is
also referred to as exchange rate risk.
• Business Risk
: This is the risk that future proceeds from investments may
have to be reinvested at a potentially lower rate of return (i.e. interest rate).
This primarily relates to fixed income securities.
: These risks are associated with a particular industry or a
particular company within an industry. For example, oil-drilling companies
depend on finding oil and then refining it, a lengthy process, before they can
generate a profit. They carry a higher risk of profitability than an electric
company which generates its income from a steady stream of customers who
buy electricity no matter what the economic environment is like.
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Kotys Wealth Professionals
• Liquidity Risk
• Financial Risk
: Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into
cash. Generally, assets are more liquid if many traders are interested in a
standardized product. For example, Treasury Bills are highly liquid, while real
estate properties are not.
: Excessive borrowing to finance a business’ operations
increases the risk of profitability, because the company must meet the terms
of its obligations in good times and bad. During periods of financial stress, the
inability to meet loan obligations may result in bankruptcy and/or a declining
market value.
B.
KWP’s methods of analysis and investment strategies do not present any
unusual risks. However, every method of analysis has its own inherent risks.
To perform an accurate market analysis KWP must have access to
current/new market information. KWP has no control over the dissemination
rate of market information; therefore, unbeknownst to KWP, certain analyses
may be compiled with outdated market information, severely limiting the
value of KWP’s analysis. Furthermore, an accurate market analysis can only
produce a forecast of the direction of market values. There can be no
assurances that a forecasted change in market value will materialize into
actionable and/or profitable investment opportunities.
KWP’s primary investment strategies - Long Term Purchases and Short Term
Purchases - are basic investment strategies. However, every investment
strategy has its own inherent risks and limitations. For example, longer term
investment strategies require a longer investment time period to allow for the
strategy to potentially develop. Shorter term investment strategies require a
shorter investment time period to potentially develop but, as a result of more
frequent trading, may incur higher transactional costs when compared to a
longer term investment strategy.
Transactions in options carry a higher degree of risk. Purchasers and sellers
of options should familiarize themselves with the type of option (e.g., put or
call) which they contemplate trading and the associated risks. Selling
(“writing” or “granting”) an option generally entails greater risk than
purchasing options. Although the premium received by the seller is fixed, the
seller may sustain a loss well in excess of that amount. The seller will be liable
for additional margin to maintain the position if the market moves
unfavorably. The seller will also be exposed to the risk of the purchaser
exercising the option and the seller being obligated to either settle the option
in cash or to acquire or deliver the underlying interest. If the option is
“covered” by the seller holding a corresponding position in the underlying
interest, the risk may be reduced. If the option is uncovered, the risk may be
Options Strategies
unlimited.
.
KWP may engage in options transactions for the purpose of hedging risk
and/or generating portfolio income. The use of options transactions as an
investment strategy can involve a high level of inherent risk. Option
transactions establish a contract between two parties concerning the buying
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Please Note
or selling of an asset at a predetermined price during a specific period of time.
During the term of the option contract, the buyer of the option gains the right
to demand fulfillment by the seller. Fulfillment may take the form of either
selling or purchasing a security, depending upon the nature of the option
contract. Generally, the purchase or sale of an option contract shall be with the
intent of “hedging” a potential market risk in a client’s portfolio and/or
: Certain options-
generating income for a client’s portfolio.
related strategies (i.e. straddles, short positions, etc.), may, in and of
themselves, produce principal volatility and/or risk. Thus, a client must be
willing to accept these enhanced volatility and principal risks associated with
such strategies. In light of these enhanced risks, client may direct KWP, in
Please Also Note:
writing, not to employ any or all such strategies for his/her/their/its accounts.
There can be no guarantee that an options strategy will
achieve its objective or prove successful. No client is under any obligation to
enter into any option transactions. However, if the client does so, he/she must
be prepared to accept the potential for unintended or undesired consequences
(i.e., losing ownership of the security, incurring capital gains taxes).
Covered Call Writing
.
Covered call writing is the sale of in-, at-, or out-of-the-money call options
against a long security position held in a client portfolio. This type of
transaction is intended to generate income. It also serves to create partial
downside protection in the event the security position declines in value.
Income is received from the proceeds of the option sale. Such income may be
reduced or lost to the extent it is determined to buy back the option position
before its expiration. There can be no assurance that the security will not be
called away by the option buyer, which will result in the client (option writer)
to lose ownership in the security and incur potential unintended tax
consequences. Covered call strategies are generally better suited for positions
Long Put Option Purchases
with lower price volatility.
.
Long put option purchases allow the option holder to sell or “put” the
underlying security at the contract strike price at a future date. If the price of
the underlying security declines in value, the value of the long put option can
increase in value depending upon the strike price and expiration. Long puts
are often used to hedge a long stock position to protect against downside risk.
The security/portfolio could still experience losses depending on the quantity
of the puts bought, strike price and expiration. In the event that the security is
put to the option holder, it will result in the client (option seller) to lose
ownership in the security and to incur potential unintended tax consequences.
Options are wasting assets and expire (usually within months of issuance).
C.
Currently, KWP primarily allocates client investment assets among various
individual debt securities (bonds), individual equities (stocks), CDs, United
States Treasuries, mutual funds, exchange-traded notes, and exchange-traded
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funds, on a discretionary or non-discretionary basis in accordance with the
Inverse and Enhanced Funds
client’s designated investment objective(s).
. KWP may utilize long and short mutual funds
and/or exchange traded funds that are designed to perform in either an: (1)
inverse relationship to certain market indices as an investment strategy
and/or for the purpose of hedging against downside market risk; or (2)
enhanced relationship to certain market indices as an investment strategy
and/or for the purpose of increasing gains in an advancing market. There can
be no assurance that any such strategy will prove profitable or successful. In
light of these enhanced risks/rewards, a client may direct KWP, in writing, not
Exchange-Traded Notes
to employ any or all such strategies for their accounts.
. KWP may also utilize and/or recommend that a
client utilize exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”). ETNs are a type of debt security
that trade on exchanges and seek a return linked to a market index or other
benchmark. ETNs are unsecured debt securities issued by an underwriting
bank. They have a maturity date and are backed only by the credit of the
underwriting bank. ETNs are linked to the performance of a particular market
benchmark(s) or strategy and upon maturity, the underwriting bank promises
to pay the amount reflected in the benchmark index minus fees. ETNs are only
linked to the performance of a benchmark; they do not actually own the
benchmark index. ETNs face the risk that the credit rating of the underwriting
bank may be reduced or the underwriting bank may go bankrupt, thus
reducing the value of the ETN. Even though ETNs are not equities or index
funds, they may also face some of the risks of investing in equities or index
funds. The return on an ETN generally depends on price changes if the ETN is
sold prior to maturity (as with stocks or ETFs) or on the payment, if any, of a
distribution if the ETN is held to maturity (as with some other structured
Use of Margin and Securities Based Loans
products).
. KWP generally does not
recommend the use of margin loans or securities-based loans (collectively,
“SBLs”) as a leveraged investment strategy, in which the account would
leverage borrowed assets as collateral for the purchase of additional
securities. However, client accounts may maintain the ability to use margin,
including in connection the use of options, discussed further above. Clients
also generally retain the ability to establish a margin account with the client’s
broker-dealer/custodian or their affiliated banks (each, an “SBL Lender”) to
access SBLs for financial planning and cash flow management purposes. The
client is never under any obligation to establish an SBL and may restrict KWP’s
ability to utilize SBLs in managing the client’s account at any time, in writing.
The terms and conditions of each SBL are contained in a separate agreement
between the client and the SBL Lender selected by the client, which terms and
conditions may vary from client to client. Borrowing funds on margin is not
suitable for all clients and is subject to certain risks, including but not limited
to those described below. Before agreeing to participate in an SBL program,
clients should carefully review the applicable SBL agreement and all risk
disclosures provided by the SBL Lender including the initial margin and
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Kotys Wealth Professionals
maintenance requirements for the specific program in which the client enrolls,
and the procedures for issuing “margin calls” and liquidating securities and
other assets in the client’s accounts. The following describes some of the risks
associated with SBLs, which KWP recommends that clients consider before
participating in an SBL program:
1.
Increased Portfolio Risk, Including the Risk for Potential Losses in the
Event of a Downturn: Borrowing money on margin increases a client’s level
of exposure to market risk and volatility. The more money a client borrows
on margin, the greater the market risk. This is especially true in the event
of a significant downturn in the value of the assets used to collateralize the
SBL. In some circumstances, clients may lose more money than they
originally invested and borrowed. As the marginable investments in a
client’s portfolio provide the collateral for the SBL, the value of that
collateral fluctuates according to market activity, while the amount the
client borrows stays the same.
2.
The Potential Obligation to Post Collateral or Repay the SBL if the SBL
Lender Determines that the Value of Collateralized Securities is No Longer
Sufficient to Support the Value of the SBL: The SBL requires a certain
minimum value of equity to continue service of the SBL (the “Maintenance
Requirement”). If the value of the client’s portfolio securities decline in
value, so does the value of the collateral supporting the SBL. If the value of
the SBL collateral declines to an amount where it is no longer sufficient to
support the borrower’s line of credit or loan, the SBL Lender will issue a
“Maintenance Call” (also referred to as a “margin call”). In that event, the
client would be required to post additional collateral or repay the SBL
within a specified period of time. The SBL Lender is also commonly entitled
to increase its Maintenance Requirement at any time, without having to
provide prior written notice to the borrower. As a result, borrowers are
subject to risk of repayment of the loan and should be aware of such risks
when foregoing a traditional mortgage to finance a real estate purchase.
3.
The Risk that the SBL Lender may Liquidate the Client’s Securities to
Satisfy its Demand for Additional Collateral or Repayment: The SBL Lender
commonly reserves the right to render the borrower’s repayment
immediately due, and/or terminate the SBL at any time without cause, at
which point, the outstanding SBL balance would become immediately due
and payable. However, if the borrower is unable to add additional
collateral to their account or repay the loan with readily available cash, the
SBL Lender can typically liquidate the borrower’s securities and keep the
cash to satisfy the Maintenance Call. When liquidating the securities of the
borrower’s investment portfolio, the SBL Lender usually reserves the right
to decide which securities to sell to protect its interests, and is not
necessarily required to provide written notice of its intentions to liquidate.
Accordingly, clients who borrow money through an SBL should be aware
of this risk and that such risk is not limited to the margin in the client’s
account, which could result in the client having to owe additional money
or collateral to the SBL Lender after the positions are liquidated. It is
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Kotys Wealth Professionals
therefore possible that a client can lose more money than what the client
originally invested into the portfolio.
4.
Liquidity Risk: SBLs also have a significant effect on the liquidity of a
client’s portfolio. Namely, a security (whether an equity, mutual fund or
ETF) that is used as collateral for an SBL loses its liquidity as long as the
SBL is outstanding. Decreased liquidity increases portfolio risk and
restricts a client’s access to their funds, which clients should strongly
consider before using an SBL.
5.
Impact on Advisory Fees: KWP’s fee is generally calculated based on assets
under KWP’s management, net of any outstanding SBL balance. This
incentivizes KWP to recommend that clients pay off any outstanding SBL
balances, as such outstanding balances reduce the asset base upon which
KWP’s fee is based. If margin is used either by KWP or the client to
purchase assets that KWP will manage, KWP would not include the entire
market value of the margined assets when computing its advisory fee.
Further, if KWP recommends that a client apply for an SBL instead of
selling securities that KWP manages for a fee to meet liquidity purposes,
the recommendation presents a conflict of interest because selling those
securities (instead of leveraging those securities to access an SBL) would
decrease KWP’s investment advisory fee.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
A.
Neither KWP nor any of its management persons have anything to report with
respect to criminal or civil actions in a domestic, foreign, or military court of
competent jurisdiction.
B.
Neither KWP nor any of its management persons have anything to report with
respect to administrative proceedings before the SEC, any other federal
regulatory agency, any state regulatory agency, or any foreign financial
regulatory agency.
C.
Neither KWP nor any of its management persons have anything to report with
respect to any self-regulatory organization proceedings.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A.
Neither KWP nor any of its employees are registered representatives of a
broker-dealer, nor do they have applications pending to register.
B.
Neither KWP nor its employees are registered or has an application pending
to register as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, or a
Licensed Insurance Agents
commodity trading advisor.
C.
. Certain associated persons of KWP, in their
individual capacities, are
insurance agents. However, these
licensed
associated persons do not hold themselves out to the public as insurance
agents, are not currently appointed by any insurance broker or agency, and do
not solicit KWP’s clients to purchase insurance products. Commission-based
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Kotys Wealth Professionals
insurance sales is not material to KWP’s investment advisory operations and
is set forth on this Brochure for full disclosure purposes. KWP and its
associated persons do not receive any insurance commission compensation.
D.
KWP does not receive, directly or indirectly, compensation from investment
advisers that it recommends or selects for its clients.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
and Personal Trading
A.
Code of Ethics Description
The employees of KWP have committed to a Code of Ethics (“Code”). The
purpose of our Code is to set forth standards of conduct expected of KWP
employees and addresses conflicts that may arise. The Code defines acceptable
behavior for employees of KWP. The Code reflects KWP and its supervised
persons’ responsibility to act in the best interest of their client.
One area which the Code addresses is when employees buy or sell securities
for their personal accounts and how to mitigate any conflict of interest with
our clients. We do not allow any employees to use non-public material
information for their personal profit or to use internal research for their
personal benefit in conflict with the benefit to our clients.
KWP’s policy prohibits any person from acting upon or otherwise misusing
non-public or inside information. No advisory representative or other
employee, officer or director of KWP may recommend any transaction in a
security or its derivative to advisory clients or engage in personal securities
transactions for a security or its derivatives if the advisory representative
possesses material, non-public information regarding the security.
KWP’s Code is based on the guiding principle that the interests of the client are
our top priority. KWP’s officers, directors, advisors, and other employees have
a fiduciary duty to our clients and must diligently perform that duty to
maintain the complete trust and confidence of our clients. When a conflict
arises, it is our obligation to put the client’s interests over the interests of
either employees or the company.
The Code applies to “access” persons. “Access” persons are employees who
have access to non-public information regarding any clients' purchase or sale
of securities, or non-public information regarding the portfolio holdings of any
reportable fund, who are involved in making securities recommendations to
clients, or who have access to such recommendations that are non-public.
The firm will provide a copy of the Code of Ethics to any client or prospective
client upon request.
B.
may
KWP and its employees do not recommend to clients securities in which we
have a material financial interest.
C.
KWP and its employees
buy or sell securities that are also held by clients.
This practice may create a situation where KWP and/or representatives of
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KWP are in a position to materially benefit from the sale or purchase of those
securities. There, this situation creates a potential conflict of interest.
In order to mitigate conflicts of interest such as trading ahead of client
transactions, employees are required to disclose all reportable securities
transactions as well as provide KWP with copies of their brokerage
statements. The Chief Compliance Officer of KWP is Wesley Kotys. He reviews
all employee trades each month. The personal trading reviews ensure that the
personal trading of employees does not affect the markets and that clients of
the firm receive preferential treatment over employee transactions.
D.
may
KWP does not maintain a firm proprietary trading account and does not have
a material financial interest in any securities being recommended and
therefore no conflicts of interest exist. However, employees
buy or sell
securities at the same time they buy or sell securities for clients. In order to
mitigate conflicts of interest such as front running, employees are required to
disclose all reportable securities transactions as well as provide KWP with
copies of their brokerage statements.
The Chief Compliance Officer of KWP is Wesley Kotys. He reviews all employee
trades each quarter. The personal trading reviews ensure that the personal
trading of employees does not affect the markets and that clients of the firm
receive preferential treatment over employee transactions.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
A.
KWP may recommend the use of a particular broker-dealer such as Schwab,
Interactive Brokers, or may utilize a broker-dealer of the client's choosing.
KWP will select appropriate brokers based on a number of factors including
but not limited to their relatively low transaction fees and reporting ability.
KWP relies on its broker to provide its execution services at the best prices
available. Lower fees for comparable services may be available from other
sources. Clients pay for any and all custodial fees, commissions, and/or
transaction fees in addition to the advisory fee charged by KWP.
to clients)
Factors that KWP considers in recommending Schwab or Interactive Brokers
include historical
(or any other broker-dealer/custodian
relationship with Schwab or
Interactive Brokers, financial strength, reputation,
execution capabilities, pricing, research, and service. Broker-dealers such as
See
Schwab or Interactive Brokers can charge transaction fees for effecting certain
Item 4 above). To the extent that a transaction fee
securities transactions (
will be payable by the client to Schwab or Interactive Brokers, the transaction
fee shall be in addition to KWP’s investment advisory fee referenced in Item 5
above.
To the extent that a transaction fee is payable, KWP shall have a duty to obtain
best execution for such transaction. However, that does not mean that the client
will not pay a transaction fee that is higher than another qualified broker-
dealer might charge to effect the same transaction where KWP determines, in
good faith, that the transaction fee is reasonable. In seeking best execution, the
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• Research and Benefits.
determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the
transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration
the full range of a broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research
provided, execution capability, transaction rates, and responsiveness.
Accordingly, although KWP will seek competitive rates, it may not necessarily
obtain the lowest possible rates for client account transactions.
Although not a material consideration when determining whether to
recommend that a client utilize the services of a particular broker-
dealer/custodian, KWP can receive from Schwab or Interactive Brokers (or
another broker-dealer/custodian,
investment platform, unaffiliated
investment manager, mutual fund sponsor, or vendor) without cost (and/or at
a discount) support services and/or products, certain of which assist KWP to
better monitor and service client accounts maintained at such institutions.
Included within the support services that may be obtained by KWP may be
investment-related research, pricing information and market data, software
and other technology that provide access to client account data, compliance
and/or practice management-related publications, discounted or gratis
consulting services, discounted and/or gratis attendance at conferences,
meetings, and other educational and/or social events, marketing support,
computer hardware and/or software and/or other products used by KWP in
furtherance of its investment advisory business operations.
Certain of the above support services and/or products assist KWP in managing
and administering client accounts. Others do not directly provide such
assistance, but rather assist KWP to manage and further develop its business
enterprise.
KWP’s clients do not pay more for investment transactions effected and/or
assets maintained at Schwab or Interactive Brokers as a result of this
arrangement. There is no corresponding commitment made by KWP to
Schwab or Interactive Brokers or any other entity to invest any specific
amount or percentage of client assets in any specific mutual funds, securities
or other investment products as result of the above arrangement.
KWP does not receive referrals from broker-dealers.
• Directed Brokerage
• Best Execution
KWP does not allow clients to use directed brokerage.
Investment advisors who manage or supervise client portfolios have a
fiduciary obligation of best execution. The determination of what may
constitute best execution and price in the execution of a securities transaction
by a broker involves a number of considerations and is subjective. Factors
affecting brokerage selection include the overall direct net economic result to
the portfolios, the efficiency with which the transaction is effected, the ability
to effect the transaction where a large block is involved, the operational
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facilities of the broker-dealer, the value of an ongoing relationship with such
broker and the financial strength and stability of the broker. The firm does not
receive any portion of the trading fees.
B.
KWP is authorized in its discretion to aggregate purchases and sales and other
transactions made for the account with purchases and sales and transactions
in the same securities for other clients of KWP. All clients participating in the
aggregated order shall receive an average share price with all other
transaction costs shared on a pro-rated basis.
Order Aggregation. Transactions for each client account generally will be
effected independently, unless KWP decides to purchase or sell the same
securities for several clients at approximately the same time. The Firm may
(but is not obligated to) combine or “batch” such orders for individual equity
transactions (including ETFs) with the intention to obtain better price
execution, to negotiate more favorable commission rates, or to allocate more
equitably among KWP’s clients differences in prices and commissions or other
transaction costs that might have occurred had such orders been placed
independently. Under this procedure, transactions will be averaged as to price
and will be allocated among clients in proportion to the purchase and sale
orders placed for each client account on any given day. In the event that KWP
becomes aware that KWP employee seeks to trade in the same security on the
same day, the employee transaction will either be included in the “batch”
transaction or transacted after all discretionary client transactions have been
completed. KWP shall not receive any additional compensation or
remuneration as the result of such aggregation.
Item 13: Review of Accounts
A.
Account reviews are performed quarterly by the Chief Compliance Officer of
KWP. Account reviews are performed more frequently when market
conditions dictate. Financial Plans are considered complete when
recommendations are delivered to the client and ongoing reviews are
conducted with the client on at least an annual basis.
B.
Other conditions that may trigger a review of client’s accounts are changes in
the tax laws, new investment information, and changes in a client's own
situation.
C.
Clients receive written account statements no less than quarterly for managed
accounts. Account statements are issued by KWP’s custodian. Client receives
confirmations of each transaction in account from Custodian and an additional
statement during any month in which a transaction occurs.
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A.
As disclosed under Item 12 above, KWP receives economic benefits from
Schwab and Interactive Brokers, including support services and/or products
without cost (and/or at a discount). KWP’s clients do not pay more for
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investment transactions effected and/or assets maintained at Schwab or
Interactive Brokers, or as a result of these arrangements. There is no
corresponding commitment made by KWP to Schwab or Interactive Brokers
to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific
mutual funds, securities or other investment products as a result of the above
arrangement.
B.
KWP participates in various client referral programs, for which KWP pays
recurring fees to be identified as a participating investment adviser. Through
these referral programs, prospective clients are given a brief series of
questions, the responses to which are then used to identify one or more
participating advisers who may be able to meet the prospective client’s
advisory needs. The client retains absolute discretion over the investment
adviser to be retained. Depending on the arrangement, the fees paid by KWP
pursuant to these referral programs can be a recurring periodic payment, a
payment per lead generated (which will generally not depend on the success
of converting the lead into a client), or some combination thereof. Any fees
paid by KWP to participate in these programs shall be paid solely by KWP and
shall not result in any additional charge to the client.
Item 15: Custody
KWP shall have the ability to have its advisory fee for each client debited by
the custodian. Clients are provided, at least quarterly, with written transaction
confirmation notices and regular written summary account statements
directly from the broker-dealer/custodian and/or program sponsor for the
client accounts. KWP provides a written quarterly report to clients
Please Note:
summarizing account activity and performance.
Please Also Note:
To the extent that KWP provides clients with periodic account
statements or reports, the client is urged to compare any statement or report
provided by KWP with the account statements received from the account
The account custodian does not verify the
custodian.
accuracy of KWP’s advisory fee calculation.
KWP provides other services on behalf of its clients that require disclosure at
ADV Part 1, Item 9. In particular, certain clients have signed asset transfer
authorizations that permit the qualified custodian to rely upon instructions
from KWP to transfer client funds to “third parties.” In accordance with the
guidance provided in the SEC Staff’s February 21, 2017 Investment Adviser
Association No-Action Letter, the affected accounts are not subjected to an
annual surprise CPA examination.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
KWP accepts discretionary authority to manage securities accounts on behalf
of clients. KWP has the authority to determine, without obtaining specific
client consent, the securities to be bought or sold, and the amount of the
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securities to be bought or sold. However, KWP consults with the client prior to
each trade to obtain concurrence if a blanket trading authorization has not
been given.
Prior to assuming discretionary authority over a client’s account, the client
shall be required to execute an investment advisory agreement, naming KWP
as the client’s attorney and agent in fact, granting KWP full authority to buy,
sell, or otherwise effect investment transactions involving the assets in the
client’s name found in the discretionary account.
The client approves the custodian to be used. KWP does not receive any
portion of the transaction fees or commissions paid by the client to the
custodian on certain trades.
Clients who engage KWP on a discretionary basis may, at any time, impose
restrictions on KWP’s discretionary authority (i.e., limit the types/amounts of
particular securities purchased for their account, exclude the ability to
purchase securities with an inverse relationship to the market, limit or
proscribe KWP’s use of margin, etc.).
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
A.
KWP does not vote proxies on securities. Clients are expected to vote their own
proxies. When assistance on voting proxies is requested, KWP will provide
recommendations to the client. If a conflict of interest exists, it will be
disclosed to the client.
B.
ANY
KWP does not vote proxies on securities. The client will receive their proxies
QUESTIONS
directly from the custodian of their account or from a transfer agent.
: KWP’s Chief Compliance Officer, Wesley Kotys, remains
available to address any questions that a client or prospective may have
regarding any particular proxy solicitation.
Item 18: Financial Information
A.
A balance sheet is not required to be provided because KWP does not serve as
a custodian for client funds or securities and KWP does not require
prepayment of fees of more than $1,200 per client and six months or more in
advance.
B.
C.
KWP has no condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet
contractual commitments to our clients.
Neither KWP nor its management has had any bankruptcy petitions in the last
ten years.
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