View Document Text
Item 1
Cover Page
The Arkansas Financial Group, Inc.
SEC File Number: 801-23922
ADV Part 2A, Firm Brochure
Dated: March 9, 2025
Contact: Mary E. McCraw, Chief Compliance Officer
1001 N. University Ave., Suite 200
Little Rock, AR 72207
www.arfinancial.com
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of The
Arkansas Financial Group, Inc. If you have any questions about the contents of this
Brochure, please contact Mary E. McCraw at (501) 376-9051. The information in this
Brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about The Arkansas Financial Group, Inc. is available on the SEC’s
website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
The Arkansas Financial Group, Inc. is an SEC registered investment adviser. Registration
does not imply any level of skill or training.
1
Item 2.
Material Changes
There have been no material changes made to The Arkansas Financial Group, Inc. (“AFG”)
Brochure since its last filing made on March 13, 2024.
.
ANY QUESTIONS: AFG’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary E. McCraw, remains available
to address any questions regarding this ADV Part 2A, Firm Brochure.
Item 3.
Table of Contents
Item 1
Cover Page ................................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2. Material Changes ......................................................................................................................................... 2
Item 3.
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... 2
Item 4. Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Fees and Compensation ................................................................................................................................ 8
Item 5.
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management .......................................................................... 11
Item 6.
Item 7.
Types of Clients ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss .................................................................. 11
Item 9.
Disciplinary Information ........................................................................................................................... 15
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .................................................................................. 15
Item 11. Code of Ethics ............................................................................................................................................ 15
Item 12. Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................................................... 16
Item 13. Review of Accounts ................................................................................................................................... 18
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................................................. 18
Item 15. Custody ...................................................................................................................................................... 19
Item 16.
Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................................ 19
Item 17. Voting Client Securities ............................................................................................................................. 20
Item 18. Financial Information ................................................................................................................................. 20
2
Item 4.
Advisory Business
A. AFG is a corporation formed in the state of Arkansas in 1982 and became an SEC registered
investment adviser on April 17, 1985. Frederick E. Adkins III, Kristina K. Bolhouse, John R.
Broadwater and Mary McCraw are the principal owners of AFG.
This Disclosure Brochure describes the business of AFG. Certain sections will also describe the
activities of its “Supervised Persons”. Supervised Persons are any of AFG’s officers, partners,
directors (or other persons occupying a similar status or performing similar functions), employees,
or any other person who provides investment advice on AFG’s behalf and is subject to AFG’s
supervision or control.
B. AFG offers wealth management services to its clients on a fee only basis, which generally include
a broad range of financial planning services as well as the discretionary management of investment
portfolios. In the event that the client requires extraordinary planning and/or consultation services
(to be determined in the sole discretion of AFG), AFG may determine to charge for such additional
services, the dollar amount of which shall be set forth in a separate written notice to the client.
To commence the investment advisory process, AFG will ascertain each client’s investment
objective(s) and then allocate the client’s assets consistent with the client’s designated investment
objective(s). Once allocated, AFG provides ongoing supervision of the account(s). Before
engaging AFG to provide any of the foregoing investment advisory services, the client is required
to enter into one or more written agreements with AFG setting forth the terms and conditions of
the engagement (including termination), describing the scope of the services to be provided, and
the fee that is due from the client (collectively the “Agreement”).
For individual retail (i.e., non-institutional) clients, AFG’s annual investment advisory fee shall
generally (exceptions can occur-see below) include investment advisory services, and, to the extent
specifically requested by the client, financial planning and consulting services. In the event that
the client requires extraordinary planning and/or consultation services (to be determined in the sole
discretion of AFG), AFG may determine to charge for such additional services, the dollar amount
of which shall be set forth in a separate written notice to the client.
WEALTH MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Core Financial Planning Services
Depending upon the needs and direction of the client, the financial planning component of the
wealth management offering can generally include the following services:
•
•
•
•
Preparation of a wealth management foundational report;
Development of an individualized investment policy statement (“IPS”);
Review and monitoring of wealth management plans;
Consultation, analysis, advice and assistance related to financial issues or decisions that
may arise in the future; and
Administration of investment accounts.
•
Investment Management Services
3
Clients engage AFG to manage their investment assets on a discretionary basis.
AFG primarily invests clients’ assets among mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), and
individual debt securities. Individual equity securities, options, and the securities components of
variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts are held only at the client’s request or
pending liquidation. All investments are made in accordance with the investment objectives of the
client.
AFG also may render discretionary investment management services to clients relative to variable
life/annuity products that they may own, their individual employer-sponsored retirement plans, or
other products that may not be held by the client’s primary custodian. In so doing, AFG either
directs or recommends the allocation of client assets among the various investment options that
are available with the product. Client assets are maintained at the specific insurance company or
custodian designated by the product.
MISCELLANEOUS
Limitations of Planning and Non-Investment Consulting/Implementation Services: To the
extent requested by a client, AFG will provide financial planning and related consulting services
regarding non-investment related matters, such as estate planning, tax planning and insurance
review and / or planning, for a separate fee (see Item 5 below) per the terms and conditions of a
written financial planning agreement between AFG and the client. Clients are generally required
to enter into a Financial Planning and Consulting Agreement with AFG setting forth the terms and
conditions of the engagement (including termination), describing the scope of the services to be
provided, and the portion of the fee that is due from the client prior to AFG commencing services.
AFG does not serve as a law firm, accounting firm, or insurance agency, and no portion of AFG’s
services should be construed as legal, accounting, or insurance implementation services.
Accordingly, AFG does not prepare estate planning or any other type of legal documents, tax
returns or sell insurance products. Neither AFG, nor any of its representatives will assist clients
with implementing aspects of a financial plan, unless they have agreed to do so in writing. To the
extent requested by a client, AFG may recommend the services of other professionals for certain
non-investment implementation purposes (i.e. attorneys, accountants, insurance agents, etc.).
Clients are ultimately responsible for determining whether to hire an unaffiliated recommended
professional (e.g., attorneys, accountants, insurance agents), even if they hire an unaffiliated
recommended professional at AFG’s recommendation and clients are reminded that they are under
no obligation to engage the services of any recommended professional. The client retains absolute
discretion over all such implementation decisions and is free to accept or reject any
recommendation made by AFG or its representatives. If the client engages any unaffiliated
recommended professional, and a dispute arises thereafter, the client agrees to seek recourse
exclusively from the engaged professional. At all times, the engaged licensed professional(s) (i.e.
attorney, accountant, insurance agent, etc.), and not AFG, shall be responsible for the quality and
competency of the services provided.
The fee for financial planning services is separate from, and in addition to, AFG’s investment
management fee. Both AFG’s financial planning and investment management fees are discussed
at Item 5 below. Please Note: AFG believes that it is important for the client to address financial
planning issues on an ongoing basis. AFG’s advisory/financial planning fee, as set forth at Item 5
4
below, will remain the same regardless of whether or not the client determines to address financial
planning issues with AFG.
Use of Mutual Funds and ETFs: AFG utilizes mutual funds and exchange traded funds for its
client portfolios. While AFG may recommend or invest in mutual funds or exchange traded funds
(“ETFs”) that are not available directly to the public, AFG may also recommend or invest in
publicly-available mutual funds and ETFs that the client could obtain without engaging AFG as
an investment adviser. However, if a client or prospective client determines to invest in these
securities without engaging AFG as an investment adviser, the client or prospective client would
not receive the benefit of AFG’s initial and ongoing investment advisory services. In addition to
AFG’s investment management fee described at Item 5 below, and transaction and/or custodial
fees discussed below, clients will also incur, relative to all mutual fund and ETF purchases, charges
imposed at the fund level (e.g. management fees and other fund expenses).
ERISA PLAN and 401(k) INDIVIDUAL ENGAGEMENTS:
• Trustee Directed Plans. AFG may be engaged to provide discretionary investment
advisory services to ERISA retirement plans, whereby the Firm shall manage Plan assets
consistent with the investment objective designated by the Plan trustees. In such
engagements, AFG will serve as an investment fiduciary as that term is defined under The
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”). AFG will generally
provide services on an “assets under management” fee basis per the terms and conditions
of an Investment Advisory Agreement between the Plan and the Firm.
• Client Retirement Plan Assets. If requested to do so, AFG shall provide investment
advisory services relative to 401(k) plan assets maintained by the client in conjunction with
the retirement plan established by the client’s employer. In such event, AFG shall allocate
(or recommend that the client allocate) the retirement account assets among the investment
options available on the 401(k) platform. AFG’s ability shall be limited to the allocation of
the assets among the investment alternatives available through the plan. AFG will not
receive any communications from the plan sponsor or custodian, and it shall remain the
client’s exclusive obligation to notify AFG of any changes in investment alternatives,
restrictions, etc. pertaining to the retirement account. Unless expressly indicated by AFG
to the contrary, in writing, the client’s 401(k) plan assets shall be included as assets under
management for purposes of AFG calculating its advisory fee.
Retirement Rollovers-Conflict of Interest: A client or prospective client leaving an employer
typically has four options regarding an existing retirement plan (and may engage in a combination
of these options): (i) leave the money in the former employer’s plan, if permitted, (ii) roll over the
assets to the new employer’s plan, if one is available and rollovers are permitted, (iii) roll over to
an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”), or (iv) cash out the account value (which could,
depending upon the client’s age, result in adverse tax consequences). If AFG recommends that a
client roll over their retirement plan assets into an account to be managed by AFG, such a
recommendation creates a conflict of interest if AFG will earn new (or increase its current)
compensation as a result of the rollover. Whether AFG provides a recommendation as to whether
a client should engage in a rollover or not, AFG is acting as a fiduciary within the meaning of Title
I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as
5
applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. No client is under any obligation to
roll over retirement plan assets to an account managed by AFG. AFG’s Chief Compliance
Officer, Mary E. McCraw, remains available to address any questions that a client or
prospective client may have regarding the potential for conflict of interest presented by such
rollover recommendation.
Custodian Charges-Additional Fees: As discussed below at Item 12 below, when requested to
recommend a broker-dealer/custodian for client accounts, AFG generally recommends that
Fidelity Brokerage Service, LLC and National Financial Services, LLC (collectively “Fidelity”)
serve as the broker-dealer/custodian for client investment management assets. Broker-dealers such
as Fidelity charge brokerage commissions, transaction, and/or other type fees for effecting certain
types of securities transactions (i.e., including transaction fees for certain mutual funds, dealer
spreads and mark-ups and mark-downs charged for fixed income transactions, etc.). The types of
securities for which transaction fees, commissions, and/or other type fees (as well as the amount
of those fees) shall differ depending upon the broker-dealer/custodian (while certain custodians,
including Fidelity generally do not currently charge fees on individual equity transactions
(including ETFs), others do. Please Note: there can be no assurance that Fidelity will not change
their transaction fee pricing in the future. Please Also Note: When beneficial to the client,
individual fixed‐income and/or equity transactions may be effected through broker‐dealers with
whom AFG and/or the client have entered into arrangements for prime brokerage clearing services,
including effecting certain client transactions through other SEC registered and FINRA member
broker‐dealers (in which event, the client generally will incur both the transaction fee charged by
the executing broker‐dealer and a “trade-away” fee charged by Fidelity). These fees/charges are
in addition to AFG’s investment advisory fee at Item 5 below. AFG does not receive any portion
of these fees/charges. ANY QUESTIONS: AFG’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary E.
McCraw, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may
have regarding the above.
Portfolio Activity: AFG has a fiduciary duty to provide services consistent with the client’s best
interest. As part of its investment advisory services, AFG will review client portfolios on an
ongoing basis to determine if any changes are necessary based upon various factors, including, but
not limited to, investment performance, market conditions, fund manager tenure, style drift,
account additions/withdrawals, and/or a change in the client’s investment objective. Based upon
these factors, there may be extended periods of time when AFG determines that changes to a
client’s portfolio are neither necessary nor prudent. AFG’s investment advisory fee, as described
at Item 5 below, remains payable during periods of account inactivity. Of course, as indicated
below, there can be no assurance that investment decisions made by AFG will be profitable or
equal any specific performance level(s).
ByAllAccounts and eMoney Advisor Platform. Via its PlanFirst tool, and/or the online platform
hosted by “eMoney Advisor” (“eMoney”), AFG may also provide access to account aggregation
services, which can incorporate all of the client’s investment assets, including those investment
assets that are not part of the assets that we manage (the “Excluded Assets”). AFG does not provide
investment management, monitoring, or implementation services for the Excluded Assets. Unless
otherwise specifically agreed to, in writing, AFG’s service relative to the Excluded Assets is
limited to reporting only. Therefore, AFG shall not be responsible for the investment performance
of the Excluded Assets. Rather, the client and/or their advisor(s) that maintain management
6
authority for the Excluded Assets, and not AFG, shall be exclusively responsible for such
investment performance. Without limiting the above, AFG shall not be responsible for any
implementation error (timing, trading, etc.) relative to the Excluded Assets. The client may choose
to engage AFG to manage some or all of the Excluded Assets pursuant to the terms and conditions
of an Investment Advisory Agreement between AFG and the client.
Cash Sweep Accounts. Certain account custodians can require that cash proceeds from account
transactions or new deposits, be swept to and/or initially maintained in a specific custodian
designated sweep account. The yield on the sweep account will generally be lower than those
available for other money market accounts. When this occurs, to help mitigate the corresponding
yield dispersion, AFG shall (usually within 30 days thereafter) generally (with exceptions)
purchase a higher yielding money market fund (or other type security) available on the custodian’s
platform, unless AFG reasonably anticipates that it will utilize the cash proceeds during the
subsequent 30-day period to purchase additional investments for the client’s account. Exceptions
and/or modifications can and will occur with respect to all or a portion of the cash balances for
various reasons, including, but not limited to the amount of dispersion between the sweep account
and a money market fund, the size of the cash balance, an indication from the client of an imminent
need for such cash, or the client has a demonstrated history of writing checks from the account.
Please Note: The above does not apply to the cash component maintained within AFG’s actively
managed investment strategy (the cash balances for which shall generally remain in the custodian
designated cash sweep account), an indication from the client of a need for access to such cash,
assets allocated to an unaffiliated investment manager, and cash balances maintained for fee
billing purposes. Please Also Note: The client shall remain exclusively responsible for yield
dispersion/cash balance decisions and corresponding transactions for cash balances maintained in
any of AFG’s unmanaged accounts.
Cybersecurity Risk. The information technology systems and networks that AFG and its third-
party service providers use to provide services to Registrant’s clients employ various controls that
are designed to prevent cybersecurity incidents stemming from intentional or unintentional actions
that could cause significant interruptions in Registrant’s operations and/or result in the
unauthorized acquisition or use of clients’ confidential or non-public personal information. In
accordance with Regulation S-P, AFG is committed to protecting the privacy and security of its
clients' non-public personal information by implementing appropriate administrative, technical,
and physical safeguards. AFG has established processes to mitigate the risks of cybersecurity
incidents, including the requirement to restrict access to such sensitive data and to monitor its
systems for potential breaches. Clients and AFG are nonetheless subject to the risk of cybersecurity
incidents that could ultimately cause them to incur financial losses and/or other adverse
consequences. Although AFG has established processes to reduce the risk of cybersecurity
incidents, there is no guarantee that these efforts will always be successful, especially considering
that AFG does not control the cybersecurity measures and policies employed by third-party service
providers, issuers of securities, broker-dealers, qualified custodians, governmental and other
regulatory authorities, exchanges, and other financial market operators and providers. In
compliance with Regulation S-P, AFG will notify clients in the event of a data breach involving
their non-public personal information as required by applicable state and federal laws.
7
Cross Transactions. In limited circumstances, when determined to be in the best interest of its
clients, AFG may engage in a cross-transaction pursuant to which AFG may effect transactions
between two of its managed client accounts (i.e., arranging for the clients’ securities trades by
“crossing” these trades when AFG believes that such transactions [generally, thinly traded bonds]
are beneficial to its clients). This may present a conflict of interest. For all such transactions,
neither AFG nor any affiliate will be acting as a broker. Additionally. AFG will not receive any
commission or transaction-based compensation although AFG has an interest in the price at which
the cross trades are conducted since AFG’s asset-based fees will be negatively impacted by lower
bond values. These transactions will be effected through Fidelity, Fidelity will determine the price
of the cross transactions and Fidelity will charge the client a transaction fee for the cross
transactions. The client may revoke AFG’s cross-transaction authority at any time upon written
notice to AFG. AFG’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary E. McCraw, remains available to
address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above.
Cash Positions. AFG continues to treat cash as an asset class. As such, unless determined to the
contrary by AFG, all cash positions (money markets, etc.) shall continue to be included as part of
assets under management for purposes of calculating AFG’s advisory fee. At any specific point in
time, depending upon perceived or anticipated market conditions/events (there being no
guarantee that such anticipated market conditions/events will occur), AFG may maintain cash
positions for defensive purposes. In addition, while assets are maintained in cash, such amounts
could miss market advances. Depending upon current yields, at any point in time, AFG’s advisory
fee could exceed the interest paid by the client’s money market fund. AFG’s Chief Compliance
Officer, Mary E. McCraw, remains available to address any questions that a client or
prospective may have regarding the above fee billing practice.
Client Obligations. In performing its services, AFG shall not be required to verify any information
received from the client or from the client’s other professionals and is expressly authorized to rely
thereon. Clients are advised that it remains their responsibility to promptly notify AFG if there is
ever any change in their financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing
and evaluating, and if necessary, revising its previous recommendations or services.
Disclosure Brochure. A copy of AFG’s written Privacy Notice, written Disclosure Brochure as
set forth in this Part 2A and 2B of Form ADV and Form CRS (Client Relationship Summary) shall
be provided to each client prior to, or contemporaneously with, the execution of a wealth
management agreement.
C. AFG tailors its advisory services to the individual needs of clients. AFG consults with clients
initially and on an ongoing basis to develop and maintain an Investment Policy Statement based
upon the client’s investment objective, goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon.
D. AFG does not participate in a wrap program.
E. AFG managed $ 861,387,705 in assets on a discretionary basis as of December 31, 2024.
Item 5.
Fees and Compensation
8
A. AFG offers its wealth management services on a fee basis, which may include hourly and/or fixed
fees, as well as fees based upon assets under management.
WEALTH MANAGEMENT FEE
AFG provides clients with wealth management services for a wealth management fee, which is
comprised of the core financial planning fee (the “Core Fee”) and the investment management fee.
All fees are fully earned in the quarter in which they are paid. The fee for investment management
is separate from, and in addition to AFG’s financial planning fee.
Core Financial Planning Fee
AFG charges the Core Fee to provide clients with the core financial planning services. The Core
Fee is an annual fixed fee that is calculated based on AFG’s anticipated and/or actual number of
billable hours spent providing clients with the core financial planning services. The Core Fee is
separate from, and in addition to, AFG’s investment management fee. In calculating the Core Fee,
AFG takes into consideration the level and scope of the required services and the professional
rendering such services. Thus, the Core Fee may be waived or, may be more than the Core Fee
charged to another client. The hourly rates of AFG’s professionals range from $50 to $350. AFG
generally imposes a minimum annual Core Fee of $600 or $150 per quarter. AFG requires one-
half of the estimated Core Fee upon execution of the Agreement. The remaining balance is prorated
and charged quarterly in advance. AFG’s fees are prorated through the date of termination and any
remaining balance is charged or refunded to the client, as appropriate.
Investment Management Fee
AFG provides investment management services for an annual fee based on the amount of assets
under the firm’s management. The fee varies between 25 and 90 basis points (0.25% — 0.90%),
depending on the size of a client’s portfolio in accordance with the fee schedule attached to the
Agreement. AFG’s current standard fee schedule is as follows:
♦ 0.900 of 1% on the first $125,000 of Managed and Advisory assets.
♦ 0.648 of 1% on the next $ 125,000 of Managed and Advisory assets.
♦ 0.466 of 1% on the next $250,000 of Managed and Advisory assets.
♦ 0.335 of 1% on the next $500,000 of Managed and Advisory assets.
♦ 0.25 of 1% will apply to all assets in excess of $1,000,000 covered under this Agreement.
the service(s); prior relationships with AFG and/or
AFG’s investment advisory fee is negotiable at its discretion, depending upon objective and
subjective factors including, but not limited to: the amount of assets to be managed; portfolio
composition; the scope and complexity of the engagement; the anticipated number of meetings
and servicing needs; related accounts; future earning capacity; anticipated future additional assets;
the professional(s) rendering
its
representatives, and negotiations with the client. As a result of these factors, similarly situated
clients could pay different fees, the services to be provided by AFG to any particular client could
be available from other advisers at lower fees, and certain clients may have fees different than
those specifically set forth above. ANY QUESTIONS: AFG’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary
E. McCraw, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client
may have regarding how his/her fees are determined.
9
AFG generally imposes a minimum annual investment manage fee of $600 or $150 per quarter.
Clients in the Young Professional/Physician in Training program may pay lower fees. AFG, in its
sole discretion, may waive its annual minimum fee, or charge a flat fee based upon certain criteria,
such as anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of
assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, pre-existing client, physicians in
training, competition, account retention or pro bono activities. (See Item 7 below).
B. Fee Debit
Clients authorize AFG to directly debit advisory fees from their custodial account. Both AFG’s
wealth management agreement and the custodial/clearing agreement authorize the custodian to
debit the client’s account for the amount of AFG’s investment advisory fee and to directly remit
that management fee to AFG in compliance with regulatory procedures. Alternatively, clients may
opt to use Advice Pay to pay fees owed to AFG.
The annual fee is prorated and charged quarterly, in advance, based upon the market value of the
assets being managed by AFG on the last day of the previous billing period.
C. Additional Fees and Expenses
In addition to the advisory fees paid to AFG, clients may also incur certain charges imposed by
other third parties, such as broker-dealers, custodians, trust companies, banks and other financial
institutions (collectively “Financial Institutions”). These additional charges may include securities
brokerage commissions, transaction fees, custodial fees, charges imposed directly by a mutual
fund or ETF in a client’s account, as disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (e.g., fund management
fees and other fund expenses), deferred sales charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire
transfer and electronic fund fees and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities
transactions. Such charges, fees and commissions are in addition to AFG’s fee. AFG receives no
portion of these additional fees and expenses.
D. Fees for Management During Partial Quarters of Service / Termination
For the initial period of investment management services, AFG’s fees are calculated on a pro rata
basis.
The Agreement between AFG and the client will continue in effect until terminated by either party
pursuant to the terms of the Agreement. AFG’s fees are prorated through the date of termination
and any remaining balance is charged or refunded to the client, as appropriate. The client remains
responsible to pay for services rendered until the termination of the Agreement.
Clients may make additions to and withdrawals from their account at any time, subject to AFG’s
right to terminate an account. Additions may be in cash or securities provided that AFG reserves
the right to liquidate any transferred securities or decline to accept particular securities into a
client’s account. Clients may withdraw account assets on notice to AFG, subject to the usual and
customary securities settlement procedures. However, AFG designs its portfolios as long-term
investments and the withdrawal of assets may impair the achievement of a client’s investment
objectives. AFG may consult with its clients about the options and ramifications of transferring
and liquidating securities. However, clients are advised that when transferred securities are
liquidated, they are subject to transaction fees, fees assessed at the mutual fund level (i.e. short-
term redemption fees) and/or tax ramifications.
10
If assets are deposited into or withdrawn from an existing account after the inception of a quarter, the
fee payable with respect to such assets will not be adjusted or prorated based on the number of days
remaining in the quarter.
E. Neither AFG, nor its representatives, accepts compensation from the sale of securities or other
investment products.
ANY QUESTIONS: AFG’s Chief Compliance Officer Mary E. McCraw, remains available
to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding financial
planning, investment management, or any other type of fee referenced above.
Item 6.
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
AFG is not a party to any performance or incentive-related compensation arrangements with its
clients.
Item 7.
Types of Clients
AFG provides its services to individuals, high net worth individuals, pension and profit-sharing
plans, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, corporations and business entities.
Minimum Fee
As set forth in Item 5 above, AFG generally imposes a $600 minimum annual investment
management fee and a $600 minimum annual Core Fee. This minimum annual Core Fee is waived
for clients in the Young Professional Program. Minimum fees may have the effect of making
AFG’s service impractical for certain clients. AFG, in its discretion, may charge a lesser
investment advisory fee, charge a flat fee, waive its fee entirely, or charge fee on a different
interval, based upon certain criteria (i.e. anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future
additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition,
complexity of the engagement, anticipated services to be rendered, grandfathered fee schedules,
employees and family members, courtesy accounts, competition, negotiations with client, etc.).
Please Note: As result of the above, similarly situated clients could pay different fees. In addition,
similar advisory services may be available from other investment advisers for similar or lower
fees. ANY QUESTIONS: AFG’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary E. McCraw, remains
available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding
advisory fees.
Item 8.
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
A. Investment Strategies
AFG’s investment philosophy is based on the work of two Nobel Laureates: Harry Markowitz
and Daniel Kahnemann, which is commonly referred to as Modern Portfolio Theory and
Behavioral Finance (specifically, Loss Aversion).
In 1952 Harry M. Markowitz published his ideas on portfolio design, after completing his
studies at the University of Chicago and joining the Rand Corporation. His dissertation
explained models for applying mathematical methods to the stock market to maximize returns
11
while minimizing risk. Later, publication of his groundbreaking book on portfolio theory
earned him the Von Neumann Prize in Operations Research Theory in 1989 and then a Nobel
Prize in 1990. His body of work has become known as Modern Portfolio Theory (“MPT”).
In addition, a body of thought referred to as Behavioral Finance furthered Markowitz’s premise
of “Risk Aversion.” The work of Professors Kahnemann, Tversky, Thaler and Statmann
advanced the concept of “Risk Aversion” into what is now known as “Loss Aversion.” This
concept meshes with MPT in that the potential short-term loss a portfolio is likely to experience
can be statistically defined. This allows the individual investor to select a portfolio based on
his own individual risk tolerance, which is defined as “the percentage of an investment
portfolio that an investor is willing to risk to achieve a specific rate of return.” There is no
guarantee that a client will not experience a higher percentage decline than is statistically
estimated.
Neither Harry Markowitz nor Daniel Kahnemann have a current or past relationship with AFG.
Using these bodies of theory, AFG strives to determine the client’s risk tolerance or emotional
willingness to accept loss as defined by the client’s minimum return/maximum loss percentage.
Based on historical data, there is a statistically quantified loss in any given portfolio. Since
1992, AFG has used portfolio optimization software that utilizes the principles of MPT. In
particular, AFG’s strategy is based on these key points of MPT:
• Portfolio characteristics, not individual security selection, are the keys to
performance. The focus of attention is on portfolios as a whole, predicated on
explicit risk-return parameters and the identification and quantification of portfolio
objectives.
• Under Modern Portfolio Theory, an optimal portfolio exists for any given level of
risk. There is a maximum rate of return that should be achievable in the long run
for any level of risk that one is willing to accept. Quantitative methods are used for
measuring risk and diversification, making it possible to create efficient and
theoretically optimal portfolios.
Modern Portfolio Theory is implemented with optimization software at the onset of a client
engagement. AFG utilizes the portfolio optimization software to determine the appropriate
asset allocation based on the client’s maximum loss percentage. Clients are involved in the
ultimate portfolio selection within these parameters. The final portfolio allocation and any
necessary modifications are outlined in the Investment Policy Statement. Please Note: the use
of the firm’s portfolio optimization software does not guarantee that the client’s maximum loss
percentage will not be exceeded.
Investment holdings include mutual funds, ETFs and individual bonds or similar fixed income
instruments. Some individual stocks may be held in the portfolio at the client’s request or if
AFG determines for tax or other reasons to maintain certain positions. AFG does not invest in
hedge funds or limited partnership interests. Recommended mutual funds are generally no-
load or load waived funds. Load waived funds generally have higher expense ratios than no-
load funds and pay 12b-1 fees and other revenue sharing to the custodian. Although AFG does
12
not receive any of these payments, the client’s custodian likely does. AFG benefits from the
administrative and other services the custodian provides that assist in both its own
administrative operations and its management of client money.
With regard to the selection of individual investment holdings, AFG’s investment committee
meets quarterly to determine the appropriate holdings for each asset class. On at least a weekly
basis (typically daily), AFG utilizes conditional rebalancing in order to maintain the integrity
of the allocation in individual client portfolios using a 25% variance as the trigger-point for
rebalancing.
B. Risks of Loss
General Risk of Loss:
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear, including
the loss of principal investment. Past performance may not be indicative of future results.
Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, and it should not be assumed
that future performance of any specific investment or investment strategy (including the
investments and/or investment strategies recommended or undertaken by AFG) will be
profitable or equal any specific performance level(s). Investment strategies such as asset
allocation, diversification, or rebalancing do not assure or guarantee better performance and
cannot eliminate the risk of investment losses. There is no guarantee that a portfolio employing
these or any other strategy will outperform a portfolio that does not engage in such strategies.
While asset values may increase and client account values could benefit as a result, it is also
possible that asset values may decrease and client account values could suffer a loss.
Market Risks:
The profitability of a significant portion of AFG’s recommendations may depend to a great
extent upon correctly assessing the future course of price movements of stocks and bonds.
There can be no assurance that AFG will be able to predict those price movements accurately.
Equity (stock) market risk – Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market
fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and
perceptions of their issuers change. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents,
of any given issuer, you would generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred
stocks and debt obligations of the issuer.
Company Risk. When investing in stock positions, there is always a certain level of company
or industry specific risk that is inherent in each investment. This is also referred to as
unsystematic risk and can be reduced through appropriate diversification. There is the risk that
the company will perform poorly or have its value reduced based on factors specific to the
company or its industry. For example, if a company’s employees go on strike or the company
receives unfavorable media attention for its actions, the value of the company may be reduced.
Fixed Income Risk. When investing in bonds, there is the risk that the issuer will default on
the bond and be unable to make payments. Further, individuals who depend on set amounts of
13
periodically paid income face the risk that inflation will erode their spending power. Fixed-
income investors receive set, regular payments that face the same inflation risk.
Options Risk. Options on securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than an
investment in the underlying securities. Purchasing and writing put and call options are highly
specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. In particular, Townsend
typically engages in “Covered Call Writing,” which is the sale of in-, at-, or out-of- the money
call option against a long security position held in a client portfolio. This type of transaction is
used to generate income. It also serves to create downside protection in the event the security
position declines in value. Income is received from the proceeds of the option sale. Such
income may be reduced to the extent it is necessary to buy back the option position prior to its
expiration. This strategy may involve a degree of trading velocity, transaction costs and
significant losses if the underlying security has volatile price movement. Covered call
strategies are generally suited for companies with little price volatility.
Management Risk – Your investment with our firm varies with the success and failure of our
investment strategies, research, analysis and determination of portfolio securities. If our
investment strategies do not produce the expected returns, the value of the investment will
decrease.
C. Mutual Funds and ETFs
Mutual Fund Risk. Mutual funds are operated by investment companies that raise money from
shareholders and invests it in stocks, bonds, and/or other types of securities. Each fund will
have a manager that trades the fund’s investments in accordance with the fund’s investment
objective. Mutual funds charge a separate management fee for their services, so the returns on
mutual funds are reduced by the costs to manage the funds. While mutual funds generally
provide diversification, risks can be significantly increased if the fund is concentrated in a
particular sector of the market. Mutual funds that are sold through brokers are called load
funds, and those sold to investors directly from the fund companies are called no-load funds.
Mutual funds come in many varieties. Some invest aggressively for capital appreciation, while
others are conservative and are designed to generate income for shareholders. In addition, the
client’s overall portfolio may be affected by losses of an underlying fund and the level of risk
arising from the investment practices of an underlying fund (such as the use of derivatives).
Exchange Traded Fund Risk. ETFs are marketable securities that are designed to track, before
fees and expenses, the performance or returns of a relevant index, commodity, bonds or basket
of assets, like an index fund. Unlike mutual funds, ETFs trade like common stock on a stock
exchange. ETFs experience price changes throughout the day as they are bought and sold. In
addition to the general risks of investing, there are specific risks to consider with respect to an
investment in ETFs, including, but not limited to: (i) the price of an ETF may or may not
fluctuate with the price of the underlying securities that make up the fund; (ii) the ETF may
employ an investment strategy that utilizes high leverage ratios; or (iii) trading of an ETF’s
shares may be halted if the listing exchange’s officials deem such action appropriate, the shares
are de-listed from the exchange, or the activation of market-wide “circuit breakers” (which are
tied to large decreases in stock prices) halts stock trading generally.
14
Item 9.
Disciplinary Information
AFG does not have any legal or disciplinary events to disclose that are material to a client’s or
prospective client’s evaluation of its advisory business or the integrity of its management.
Item 10.
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A. Neither AFG, nor its representatives, is registered or has an application pending to register, as
a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer.
B. Neither AFG, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application pending to register,
as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, commodity trading advisor, or
representative of the foregoing.
C. AFG does not receive, directly or indirectly, compensation from other investment advisers
that it recommends or selects for its clients.
Item 11.
Code of Ethics
A. AFG has adopted a code of ethics that sets forth the standards of conduct expected of its
associated persons and requires compliance with applicable securities laws (“Code of Ethics”).
In accordance with Section 204A of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”),
its Code of Ethics contains written policies reasonably designed to prevent the unlawful use of
material non-public information by AFG or any of its associated persons. The Code of Ethics
also requires that certain of AFG’s personnel (called “Access Persons”) report their personal
securities holdings and transactions and obtain pre-approval of certain investments such as
initial public offerings and limited offerings. Clients and prospective clients may contact AFG
to request a copy of its Code of Ethics.
B. Neither AFG nor any related person of AFG recommends, buys, or sells for client accounts,
securities in which AFG or any related person of AFG has a material financial interest.
AFG and persons associated with AFG (“Associated Persons”) are permitted to buy or sell
securities that it also recommends to clients consistent with AFG’s policies and procedures.
Unless specifically permitted in AFG’s Code of Ethics, none of AFG’s Access Persons may
effect for themselves or for their immediate family (i.e., spouse, minor children, and adults
living in the same household as the Access Person) any transactions in a security which is
being actively purchased or sold, or is being considered for purchase or sale, on behalf of any
of AFG’s clients. This practice may create a situation where AFG and/or AFG’s
representatives are in a position to materially benefit from the sale or purchase of those
securities. Therefore, this situation creates a conflict of interest. Practices such as “scalping”
(i.e., a practice whereby the owner of shares of a security recommends that security for
investment and then immediately sells it at a profit upon the rise in the market price which
follows the recommendation) could take place if AFG did not have adequate policies in place
to detect such activities. In addition, this requirement can help detect insider trading, “front-
running” (i.e., personal trades executed prior to those of AFG’s clients) and other potentially
abusive practices.
15
AFG has a personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the personal securities
transactions and securities holdings of each of AFG’s “Access Persons.” AFG’s securities
transaction policy requires that an Access Person of AFG must provide the Chief Compliance
Officer or his/her designee with a written report of their current securities holdings within ten
(10) days after becoming an Access Person. Additionally, each Access Person must provide
the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee with a written report of the Access Person’s
current securities holdings at least once each twelve (12) month period thereafter on a date
AFG selects.
C. When AFG is purchasing or considering for purchase any security on behalf of a client, no
Access Person may effect a transaction in that security prior to the completion of the purchase
or until a decision has been made not to purchase such security. Similarly, when AFG is selling
or considering the sale of any security on behalf of a client, no Access Person may effect a
transaction in that security prior to the completion of the sale or until a decision has been made
not to sell such security. These requirements are not applicable to: (i) direct obligations of the
Government of the United States; (ii) money market instruments, bankers’ acceptances, bank
certificates of deposit, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-
term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; (iii) shares issued by mutual funds or
money market funds; and (iv) shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested
exclusively in one or more mutual funds.
Item 12.
Brokerage Practices
A. In the event that the client requests that AFG recommend a broker-dealer or custodian for
execution or custodial services (exclusive of those clients that may direct AFG to use a specific
broker-dealer/custodian), AFG generally recommends that investment management accounts
be maintained at Fidelity. Prior to engaging AFG to provide investment management services,
the client will be required to enter into the Agreement with AFG setting forth the terms and
conditions under which AFG shall manage the client’s assets, and a separate custodial/clearing
agreement with each designated broker-dealer/custodian.
Factors that AFG considers in recommending Fidelity (or any other broker-dealer/custodian to
clients) include historical relationship with AFG, financial strength, reputation, execution
capabilities, pricing, research, and service. Although the commissions and/or transaction fees
paid by AFG’s clients shall comply with AFG’s duty to seek best execution, a client may pay
a commission that is higher than another qualified broker-dealer might charge to effect the
same transaction where AFG determines, in good faith, that the commission/transaction fee is
reasonable. In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost,
but whether the transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration
the full range of a broker-dealer’s services, including the value of research provided, execution
capability, commission rates, and responsiveness. Accordingly, although AFG will seek
competitive rates, it may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for client
account transactions. The brokerage commissions or transaction fees charged by the designated
broker-dealer/custodian are in addition to AFG’s investment management fee.
1. Research and Additional Benefits
Although not a material consideration when determining whether to recommend that a
client utilize the services of a particular broker-dealer/custodian, AFG can receive from
16
Fidelity (or another broker-dealer/custodian, investment manager, platform sponsor,
mutual fund sponsor, or vendor) without cost (and/or at a discount) support services
and/or products, certain of which assist Fidelity to better monitor and service client
accounts maintained at such institutions. Included within the support services that can
be obtained by AFG can be investment-related research, pricing information and
market data, software and other technology that provide access to client account data,
compliance and/or practice management-related publications, discounted or gratis
consulting services, discounted and/or gratis attendance at conferences, meetings, and
other educational and/or social events, marketing support-including client events,
computer hardware and/or software and/or other products used by AFG in furtherance
of its investment advisory business operations.
AFG clients do not pay more for investment transactions effected and/or assets
maintained at Fidelity as the result of this arrangement. There is no corresponding
commitment made by Fidelity to any broker-dealer or custodian or any other entity to
invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific mutual funds,
securities or other investment products because of the above arrangements.
AFG’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary E. McCraw remains available to address
any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above
arrangements and the conflicts of interest these arrangements create.
2. Brokerage for Client Referrals: AFG does not receive referrals from broker-dealers.
3. Directed Brokerage: AFG recommends that its clients utilize the brokerage and
custodial services provided by Fidelity. AFG does not generally accept directed
brokerage arrangements (when a client requires that account transactions be effected
through a specific broker-dealer) but could make exceptions. A directed brokerage
arrangement arises when a client requires that account transactions be effected through
a specific broker-dealer/custodian, other than one generally recommended by AFG
(i.e., Fidelity). In such client directed arrangements, the client will negotiate terms and
arrangements for their account with that broker-dealer, and Firm will not seek better
execution services or prices from other broker-dealers or be able to "batch" the client’s
transactions for execution through other broker-dealers with orders for other accounts
managed by AFG. As a result, a client may pay higher commissions or other transaction
costs or greater spreads, or receive less favorable net prices, on transactions for the
account than would otherwise be the case. In the event that the client directs AFG to
effect securities transactions for the client’s accounts through a specific broker-dealer,
the client correspondingly acknowledges that such direction may cause the accounts to
incur higher commissions or transaction costs than the accounts would otherwise incur
had the client determined to effect account transactions through alternative clearing
arrangements that may be available through AFG. Higher transaction costs adversely
impact account performance. Transactions for directed accounts will generally be
executed following the execution of portfolio transactions for non-directed accounts.
17
B. Aggregation. The transactions for each client account generally will be effected
independently, unless AFG decides to purchase or sell the same securities for several clients
at approximately the same time. AFG may (but is not obligated to) combine or “bunch” such
orders to seek best execution, to negotiate more favorable commission rates or to allocate
equitably among AFG’s clients differences in prices and commissions or other transaction
costs that might have been obtained had such orders been placed independently. Under this
procedure, transactions will be averaged as to price and will be allocated among clients in
proportion to the purchase and sale orders placed for each client account on any given day. In
the event that the Firm becomes aware that a Firm employee seeks to trade in the same security
on the same day, the employee transaction will either be included in the “batch” transaction or
transacted after all discretionary client transactions have been completed. AFG will not receive
any additional compensation or remuneration because of aggregation. If client orders are
effected independently and not aggregated, some clients may receive better execution prices
than others. AFG will always act in the best interests of its clients.
Item 13.
Review of Accounts
For those clients to whom AFG provides investment management services, AFG monitors those
portfolios as part of an ongoing process while regular account reviews are conducted on at least a
quarterly basis. For those clients to whom AFG provides financial planning and/or consulting
services, reviews are conducted on an “as needed” basis. Such reviews are conducted by one of
AFG’s investment adviser representatives. All investment advisory clients are encouraged to
discuss their needs, goals, and objectives with AFG and to keep AFG informed of any changes
thereto. AFG contacts ongoing investment advisory clients at least annually to offer to review its
previous services and/or recommendations and to discuss the impact resulting from any changes
in the client’s financial situation and/or investment objectives.
Unless otherwise agreed upon, clients are provided with transaction confirmation notices and
regular summary account statements directly from the broker-dealer or custodian for the client
accounts. Those clients to whom AFG provides investment advisory services will also receive a
report from AFG that may include such relevant account and/or market-related information such
as an inventory of account holdings and account performance on a quarterly basis. Clients should
compare the account statements they receive from their custodian with those they receive from
AFG.
Those clients to whom AFG provides financial planning and/or consulting services will receive
reports from AFG summarizing its analysis and conclusions as requested by the client or otherwise
agreed to in writing by AFG. AFG will not provide an on-going review for these clients, unless
specifically requested by the client.
Item 14.
Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. As referenced in Item 12 above, AFG receives economic benefits from Fidelity. There is no
corresponding commitment made by AFG to Fidelity, or to any other entity, to invest any
specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific mutual funds, securities or other
investment products as a result of the above arrangement.
18
AFG’s clients do not pay more for investment transactions effected and/or assets maintained
at Fidelity as a result of this arrangement. There is no corresponding commitment made by
AFG to Fidelity or any other entity to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets
in any specific mutual funds, securities or other investment products as a result of the above
arrangement.
B. Neither AFG, nor any related person of AFG, maintains solicitor arrangements/pay referral fee
compensation to non-employees for new client introductions.
Item 15.
Custody
AFG shall have the ability to deduct its advisory fee from the client’s custodial account on a
quarterly basis. Clients are provided with written transaction confirmation notices, and a written
summary account statement directly from the custodian (i.e., Fidelity, etc.) at least quarterly.
To the extent that AFG provides clients with periodic account statements or reports, the client is
urged to compare any statement or report provided by AFG with the account statements received
from the account custodian.
The account custodian does not verify the accuracy of AFG’s advisory fee calculation.
Certain clients have established asset transfer authorizations that permit the qualified custodian to
rely upon instructions from AFG to transfer client funds or securities to third parties. These
arrangements are disclosed at Item 9 of Part 1 of Form ADV. In accordance with the guidance
provided in the SEC’s February 21, 2017 Investment Adviser Association No-Action Letter, the
affected accounts are not subject to an annual surprise CPA examination. However, as the result
of password possession, AFG also discloses at Item 9 of Part 1 of Form ADV that it undergoes an
annual surprise CPA examination, and makes a corresponding annual Form ADV-E filing with the
SEC. AFG’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary E. McCraw, remains available to address any
questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding custody-related issues.
Item 16.
Investment Discretion
The client can determine to engage AFG to provide investment advisory services on a discretionary
basis. Prior to engaging AFG to provide investment management services, the client will be
required to enter into a formal Investment Advisory Agreement with AFG setting forth the terms
and conditions under which AFG shall manage the client's assets, and a separate custodial/clearing
agreement with each designated broker-dealer/custodian.
Clients who engage the Adviser on a discretionary basis may, at any time, impose restrictions, in
writing, on the Adviser’s discretionary authority (i.e. limit the types/amounts of particular
securities purchased for their account, exclude the ability to purchase securities with an inverse
relationship to the market, limit or proscribe the Adviser’s use of margin, etc.).
AFG takes discretion over the following activities:
• The securities to be purchased or sold;
• The amount of securities to be purchased or sold; and
19
• When transactions are made.
Item 17.
Voting Client Securities
AFG does not vote client proxies. Clients maintain exclusive responsibility for: (1) directing the
manner in which proxies solicited by issuers of securities owned by the client shall be voted, and
(2) making all elections relative to any mergers, acquisitions, tender offers, bankruptcy
proceedings or other type events pertaining to the client’s investment assets.
Clients will receive their proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodian. Clients may
contact AFG to discuss any questions they may have with a particular solicitation.
In the extremely limited event that AFG agrees to vote a client proxy absent mitigating
circumstances and/or express written direction from the client, AFG shall vote per the
recommendation of the issuer’s management.
AFG will not be responsible and each client has the right and responsibility to take any actions
with respect to any legal proceedings, including without limitation, bankruptcies and shareholder
litigation, and the right to initiate or pursue any legal proceedings, including without limitation,
shareholder litigation, including with respect to transactions, securities or other investments held
in the client’s account or the issuers thereof. AFG is not obligated to render any advice or take any
action on a client’s behalf with respect to securities or other property held in the client’s account,
or the issuers thereof, which become the subject of any legal proceedings, including without
limitation, bankruptcies and shareholder litigation, to which any securities or other investments
held or previously held in the account, or the issuers thereof, become subject.
AFG will provide a copy of the full Proxy Voting Policy to clients or prospective clients upon
request.
Item 18.
Financial Information
A. AFG does not require or solicit the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees six months or more
in advance.
B. AFG is unaware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet
its contractual commitments relating to its discretionary authority over certain client accounts.
C. AFG has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
ANY QUESTIONS: AFG’s Chief Compliance Officer, Mary E. McCraw, remains
available to address any questions regarding this ADV Part 2A, Firm Brochure.
20