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Item 1
Cover Page
TCI WEALTH ADVISORS, INC.
SEC File Number: 801 – 37083
ADV Part 2A, Firm Brochure
Dated: March 21, 2025
Contact: Simone Gehner, Chief Compliance Officer
4011 East Sunrise Drive
Tucson, Arizona 85718
www.tciwealth.com
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of TCI Wealth
Advisors, Inc. If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure, please contact us at
(520) 733-1477 or simone.gehner@tciwealth.com. The information in this Brochure has not been
approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state
securities authority.
Additional information about TCI Wealth Advisors, Inc. also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
References herein to TCI Wealth Advisors, Inc. as a “registered investment adviser” or any reference
to being “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Item 2
Material Changes
TCI Wealth Advisors has not made any material changes since our last Other-Than-Annual Amendment
filing made on March 19, 2024.
In addition to the above material changes, TCI Wealth Advisors has made disclosure changes,
enhancements and additions below at Items 4, 5, 12, 14 and 15.
TCI Wealth Advisors, Inc.’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address
any questions that a client or prospective client may have about this change or any other aspect of
this Firm Brochure.
Item 3
Table of Contents
Item 1 Cover Page .................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2 Material Changes .......................................................................................................................... 2
Item 3
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 2
Item 4 Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................ 2
Fees and Compensation .............................................................................................................. 10
Item 5
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management .......................................................... 13
Item 6
Item 7
Types of Clients .......................................................................................................................... 13
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ................................................... 13
Item 9 Disciplinary Information ............................................................................................................ 15
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .................................................................. 16
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.............. 16
Item 12 Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................................... 17
Item 13 Review of Accounts .................................................................................................................... 19
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................................. 19
Item 15 Custody ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Item 16
Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................. 20
Item 17 Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................. 21
Item 18 Financial Information ................................................................................................................. 21
Item 4
Advisory Business
A. TCI Wealth Advisors, Inc. (the “Registrant”) is a corporation formed on August 6, 1990 in
the state of Arizona. The Registrant became registered as an Investment Adviser Firm in
August 1990. The Registrant is owned by several individuals and trusts as reported on the
Registrant’s ADV Part 1, Schedules A and B. However, the Registrant is not “principally
owned” (as that term is defined for the purposes of this ADV Part 2A, Item 4.A) by any
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such individual(s) or trust(s). Sam Swift is the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer and
President.
B.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
The Registrant provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services
on a fee-only basis. The Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee is based upon a
percentage (%) of the market value of the assets placed under the Registrant’s management.
Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee shall include investment advisory services,
and, to the extent specifically requested by the client, financial planning and consulting
services. In the event that the client requires extraordinary planning and/or consultation
services (to be determined in the sole discretion of the Registrant), the Registrant may
determine to charge for such additional services, the dollar amount of which shall be set
forth in a separate written notice to the client.
Our Process
The investment plan process begins with a discussion of financial values and goals, as well
as the client’s key relationships, existing assets, other professional advisors, preferred
process and important interests. Taking into account the long-term nature of successful
investing, Registrant then sets objectives for the client’s portfolio that are appropriate for
willingness, ability and need to take risk, and the investment horizon(s) identified. Because
it is so important, asset allocation is the first investment decision. During this process,
Registrant decides how much of a portfolio to invest in each of the different investment
types, or asset classes, including stocks, bonds and short-term investments, both domestic
and foreign. With an asset allocation in place, Registrant selects the investment vehicles to
use to implement the portfolio strategy. Two key investing principles guide these decisions:
the importance of diversification and the value of remaining invested.
Building on the aforementioned, Registrant constructs a portfolio suited to Clients’ needs,
goals, time horizon and risk attitude. The building blocks for the portfolio are institutional
asset class funds, an excellent way to implement a diversified portfolio investment so as to
maximize the probability of achieving goals.
It is important to note that Registrant believes in the long-term building of wealth. While
no strategy guarantees a certain rate of return, a disciplined asset allocation approach can
produce a higher probability of success, if given over five or more years to implement it.
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICES (STAND-ALONE)
The Registrant may provide financial planning and/or consulting services (including
investment and non-investment related matters, including estate planning, insurance
planning, etc.) on a stand-alone separate fee basis. Prior to engaging the Registrant to
provide planning or consulting services, clients are generally required to enter into a
Financial Planning and Consulting Agreement with Registrant setting forth the terms and
conditions of the engagement (including termination), describing the scope of the services
to be provided, and the portion of the fee that is due from the client prior to Registrant
commencing services.
If requested by the client, Registrant may recommend the services of other professionals
for implementation purposes. The client is under no obligation to engage the services of
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any such recommended professional. The client retains absolute discretion over all such
implementation decisions and is free to accept or reject any recommendation from the
Registrant.
If the client engages any such recommended professional, and a dispute arises thereafter
relative to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from and against
the engaged professional. At all times, the engaged licensed professional[s] (i.e. attorney,
accountant, insurance agent, etc.), and not the Registrant, shall be responsible for the
quality and competency of the services provided.
It shall remain the client’s responsibility to promptly notify the Registrant if there is ever
any change in their financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of
reviewing, evaluating or revising Registrant’s previous recommendations and/or services.
RETIREMENT PLAN CONSULTING
The Registrant also provides retirement plan consulting services. To the extent that the plan
sponsor engages the Registrant in an ERISA Section 3(21) capacity, the Registrant will
assist with the selection and/or monitoring of investment options (generally open-end
mutual funds and exchange traded funds) from which plan participants shall choose in self-
directing the investments for their individual plan retirement accounts. If the plan sponsor
chooses to engage the Registrant in an ERISA Section 3(38) capacity, Registrant may
provide the same services as described above, but may also: create specific asset allocation
models that Registrant manages on a discretionary basis, which plan participants may
choose in managing their individual retirement account; and/or modify the investment
options made available to plan participants on a discretionary basis. The terms and
conditions of the engagement shall generally be set forth in a Retirement Plan Consulting
Agreement between the Registrant and the plan sponsor.
ERISA PLAN and 401(k) INDIVIDUAL ENGAGEMENTS:
Trustee Directed Plans. Registrant may be engaged to provide discretionary investment
advisory services to ERISA retirement plans, whereby the Firm shall manage Plan assets
consistent with the investment objective designated by the Plan trustees. In such
engagements, Registrant will serve as an investment fiduciary as that term is defined under
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”). Registrant will
generally provide services on an “assets under management” fee basis per the terms and
conditions of an Investment Advisory Agreement between the Plan and the Firm.
Participant Directed Retirement Plans. Registrant may also provide investment advisory
and consulting services to participant directed retirement plans per the terms and conditions
of a Retirement Plan Services Agreement between Registrant and the plan. For such
engagements, Registrant shall assist the Plan sponsor with the selection of an investment
platform from which Plan participants shall make their respective investment choices
(which may include investment strategies devised and managed by Registrant), and, to the
extent engaged to do so, may also provide corresponding education to assist the participants
with their decision making process.
Client Retirement Plan Assets. If requested to do so, Registrant shall provide investment
advisory services relative to 401(k) plan assets maintained by the client in conjunction with
the retirement plan established by the client’s employer. In such event, Registrant shall
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allocate (or recommend that the client allocate) the retirement account assets among the
investment options available on the 401(k) platform. Registrant’s ability shall be limited to
the allocation of the assets among the investment alternatives available through the plan.
Registrant will not receive any communications from the plan sponsor or custodian, and it
shall remain the client’s exclusive obligation to notify Registrant of any changes in
investment alternatives, restrictions, etc. pertaining to the retirement account. Unless
expressly indicated by the Registrant to the contrary, in writing, the client’s 401(k) plan
assets shall be included as assets under management for purposes of Registrant calculating
its advisory fee.
Retirement Rollovers-Potential for Conflict of Interest: A client or prospective client
leaving an employer typically has four options regarding an existing retirement plan (and
may engage in a combination of these options): (i) leave the money in the former
employer’s plan, if permitted, (ii) roll over the assets to the new employer’s plan, if one is
available and rollovers are permitted, (iii) roll over to an Individual Retirement Account
(“IRA”), or (iv) cash out the account value (which could, depending upon the client’s age,
result in adverse tax consequences). If Registrant recommends that a client roll over their
retirement plan assets into an account to be managed by Registrant, such a recommendation
creates a conflict of interest if Registrant will earn new (or increase its current)
compensation as a result of the rollover. If Registrant provides a recommendation as to
whether a client should engage in a rollover or not (whether it is from an employer’s plan
or an existing IRA), Registrant is acting as a fiduciary within the meaning of Title I of the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as
applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. . No client is under any
obligation to roll over retirement plan assets to an account managed by Registrant.
Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner , remains available to address any
questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the potential for conflict of
interest presented by such rollover recommendation.
MISCELLANEOUS
Limitations of Financial Planning, Non-Investment Consulting and Implementation.
As indicated above, to the extent requested by a client, Registrant may provide financial
planning and related consulting services regarding non-investment related matters such as
tax and estate planning, insurance, etc. Registrant will generally provide such consulting
services inclusive of its advisory fee set forth at Item 5 below (exceptions could occur
based upon assets under management, special projects, stand-alone planning engagements,
etc. for which Firm may charge a separate or additional fee). Please Note. Registrant
believes that it is important for the client to address financial planning issues on an ongoing
basis. Registrant’s advisory fee, as set forth at Item 5 below, will remain the same
regardless of whether or not the client determines to address financial planning issues with
Registrant. Please Also Note: Registrant does not serve as an attorney, accountant, or
insurance agent, and no portion of our services should be construed as same. Accordingly,
Registrant does not prepare legal documents, prepare tax returns, or sell insurance
products. To the extent requested by a client, we may recommend the services of other
professionals for non-investment implementation purpose (i.e. attorneys, accountants,
insurance, etc.). The client retains absolute discretion over all such implementation
decisions and is free to accept or reject any recommendation from Registrant and/or its
representatives. Neither the Registrant nor its investment adviser representatives assist
clients with the implementation of any financial plan unless they have agreed to do so in
writing.
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Clients are reminded that they are under no obligation to engage the services of any such
recommended professional.
If the client engages any recommended professional, and a dispute arises thereafter relative
to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from and against the
engaged professional. At all times, the engaged licensed professional[s] (i.e. attorney,
accountant, insurance agent, etc.), and not the Registrant, shall be responsible for the
quality and competency of the services provided.
Client Obligations. In performing its services, Registrant shall not be required to verify
any information received from the client or from the client’s other professionals and is
expressly authorized to rely thereon. Moreover, each client is advised that it remains their
responsibility to promptly notify the Registrant if there is ever any change in their financial
situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing, evaluating or revising
Registrant’s previous recommendations and/or services.
Non-Discretionary Service Limitations. Clients that determine to engage Registrant on a
non-discretionary investment advisory basis must be willing to accept that Registrant
cannot effect any account transactions without obtaining prior consent to such
transaction(s) from the client. Therefore, in the event that Registrant would like to make a
transaction for a client’s account (including in the event of an individual holding or general
market correction), and the client is unavailable, the Registrant will be unable to effect the
account transaction(s) (as it would for its discretionary clients) without first obtaining the
client’s consent.
Independent Managers. The Registrant may allocate a portion of the client’s investment
assets among unaffiliated independent investment managers in accordance with the client’s
designated investment objective(s). In such situations, the Independent Manager[s] shall
have day-to-day responsibility for the active discretionary management of the allocated
assets, including, to the extent applicable, proxy voting responsibility. Registrant shall
continue to render investment supervisory services to the client relative to the ongoing
monitoring and review of account performance, asset allocation and client investment
objectives. Factors that Registrant shall consider in recommending Independent
Manager[s] include the client’s designated investment objective(s), management style,
performance, reputation, financial strength, reporting, pricing, and research. Please Note.
The investment management fee charged by the Independent Manager[s] is separate from,
and in addition to, Registrant’s investment advisory fee disclosed at Item 5 below. ANY
QUESTIONS: Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner remains available
to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the
allocation of account assets to an Independent Manager(s), including the specific additional
fee to be charged by such Independent Manager(s).
Use of Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds.
Registrant utilizes mutual funds and exchange traded funds for its client portfolios. In
addition to Registrant’s investment advisory fee described below, and transaction and/or
custodial fees discussed below, clients will also incur, relative to all mutual fund and
exchange traded fund purchases, charges imposed at the fund level (e.g. management fees
and other fund expenses).
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Please Note-Use of DFA Mutual Funds: Registrant utilizes the mutual funds issued by
Dimensional Fund Advisors (“DFA”). DFA funds are generally only available through
registered investment advisers approved by DFA. Thus, if the client was to terminate
Registrant’s services, and transition to another adviser who has not been approved by DFA
to utilize DFA funds, restrictions regarding additional purchases of, or reallocation among
other DFA funds, will generally apply. The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone
Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may
have this arrangement.
Socially Responsible Investing Limitations. Socially Responsible Investing involves the
incorporation of Environmental, Social and Governance considerations into the
investment due diligence process (“ESG). ESG investing incorporates a set of
criteria/factors used in evaluating potential investments: Environmental (i.e., considers
how a company safeguards the environment); Social (i.e., the manner in which a company
manages relationships with its employees, customers, and the communities in which it
operates); and Governance (i.e., company management considerations). The number of
companies that maintain an acceptable ESG mandate can be limited when compared to
those that do not and could underperform broad market indices. Investors must accept these
limitations, including potential for underperformance. Correspondingly, the number of
ESG mutual funds and exchange traded funds are few when compared to those that do not
maintain such a mandate. As with any type of investment (including any investment and/or
investment strategies recommended and/or undertaken by Registrant), there can be no
assurance that investment in ESG securities or funds will be profitable or prove successful.
Borrowing Against Assets/Risks. A client who has a need to borrow money could
determine to do so by using:
• Margin-The account custodian or broker-dealer lends money to the client. The
custodian charges the client interest for the right to borrow money, and uses the
assets in the client’s brokerage account as collateral; and
• Pledged Assets Loan- In consideration for a lender (i.e., a bank, etc.) to make a
loan to the client, the client pledges its investment assets held at the account
custodian as collateral.
These above-described collateralized loans are generally utilized because they typically
provide more favorable interest rates than standard commercial loans. These types of
collateralized loans can assist with a pending home purchase, permit the retirement of more
expensive debt, or enable borrowing in lieu of liquidating existing account positions and
incurring capital gains taxes. However, such loans are not without potential material risk
to the client’s investment assets. The lender (i.e. custodian, bank, etc.) will have recourse
against the client’s investment assets in the event of loan default or if the assets fall below
a certain level. For this reason, Registrant does not recommend such borrowing unless it is
for specific short-term purposes (i.e. a bridge loan to purchase a new residence). Registrant
does not recommend such borrowing for investment purposes (i.e. to invest borrowed funds
in the market). Regardless, if the client was to determine to utilize margin or a pledged
assets loan, the following economic benefits would inure to Registrant:
• by taking the loan rather than liquidating assets in the client’s account, Registrant
continues to earn a fee on such Account assets;
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•
•
if the client invests any portion of the loan proceeds in an account to be managed
by Registrant, Registrant will receive an advisory fee on the invested amount;
and,
if Registrant’s advisory fee is based upon the higher margined account value (see
margin disclosure at Item 5 below), Registrant will earn a correspondingly higher
advisory fee. This could provide Registrant with a disincentive to encourage the
client to discontinue the use of margin.
Please Note: The client must accept the above risks and potential corresponding
consequences associated with the use of margin or a pledged assets loans.
Portfolio Activity. Registrant has a fiduciary duty to provide services consistent with the
client’s best interest. As part of its investment advisory services, Registrant will review
client portfolios on an ongoing basis to determine if any changes are necessary based upon
various factors, including, but not limited to, investment performance, fund manager
tenure, style drift, account additions/withdrawals, and/or a change in the client’s
investment objective. Based upon these factors, there may be extended periods of time
when Registrant determines that changes to a client’s portfolio are neither necessary nor
prudent. Clients nonetheless remain subject to the fees described in Item 5 below during
periods of account inactivity.
Please Note: Cash Positions. Registrant continues to treat cash as an asset class. As such,
unless determined to the contrary by Registrant, all cash positions (money markets, etc.)
shall continue to be included as part of assets under management for purposes of
calculating Registrant’s advisory fee. At any specific point in time, depending upon
perceived or anticipated market conditions/events (there being no guarantee that such
anticipated market conditions/events will occur), Registrant may maintain cash positions
for defensive purposes. In addition, while assets are maintained in cash, such amounts
could miss market advances. Depending upon current yields, at any point in time,
Registrant’s advisory fee could exceed the interest paid by the client’s money market fund.
ANY QUESTIONS: Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains
available to address any questions that a client or prospective may have regarding the
above fee billing practice.
Cash Sweep Accounts. Account custodians generally require that cash proceeds from
account transactions or cash deposits be swept into and/or initially maintained in the
custodian’s sweep account. The yield on the sweep account is generally lower than those
available in money market accounts. To help mitigate this issue, Registrant shall generally
purchase a higher yielding money market fund available on the custodian’s platform with
cash proceeds or deposits, unless Registrant reasonably anticipates that it will utilize the
cash proceeds during the subsequent 30-day period to purchase additional investments for
the client’s account. Exceptions and/or modifications can and will occur with respect to all
or a portion of the cash balances for various reasons, including, but not limited to, the
amount of dispersion between the sweep account and a money market fund, an indication
from the client of an imminent need for such cash, or the client has a demonstrated history
of writing checks from the account. ANY QUESTIONS: Registrant’ Chief Compliance
Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or
prospective client may have regarding the above
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ByAllAccounts and eMoney Advisor Platform. In conjunction with the services
provided by ByAllAccounts, Inc. and the eMoney Advisor platform, the Registrant can
also provide account reporting services, which can incorporate all of the client’s investment
assets including those investment assets that are not part of the assets managed by the
Registrant (the “Excluded Assets”). Unless agreed to otherwise, the client and/or
his/her/its other advisors that maintain trading authority, and not Registrant, shall
be exclusively responsible for the investment performance of the Excluded Assets.
Unless also agreed to otherwise, Registrant does not provide investment management,
monitoring or implementation services for the Excluded Assets. If the Registrant is asked
to make a recommendation as to any Excluded Assets, the client is under absolutely no
obligation to accept the recommendation, and Registrant shall not be responsible for any
implementation error (timing, trading, etc.) relative to the Excluded Assets. The client can
engage Registrant to provide investment management services for the Excluded Assets
pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Investment Advisory Agreement between
Registrant and the client. The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner,
remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have this
arrangement.
Cybersecurity Risk. The information technology systems and networks that Registrant
and its third-party service providers use to provide services to Registrant’s clients employ
various controls, which are designed to prevent cybersecurity incidents stemming from
intentional or unintentional actions that could cause significant interruptions in Registrant’s
operations and result in the unauthorized acquisition or use of clients’ confidential or non-
public personal information. Clients and Registrant are nonetheless subject to the risk of
cybersecurity incidents that could ultimately cause them to incur losses, including for
example: financial losses, cost and reputational damage to respond to regulatory
obligations, other costs associated with corrective measures, and loss from damage or
interruption to systems. Although Registrant has established its systems to reduce the risk
of cybersecurity incidents from coming to fruition, there is no guarantee that these efforts
will always be successful, especially considering that Registrant does not directly control
the cybersecurity measures and policies employed by third-party service providers. Clients
could incur similar adverse consequences resulting from cybersecurity incidents that more
directly affect issuers of securities in which those clients invest, broker-dealers, qualified
custodians, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial
market operators, or other financial institutions.
Disclosure Statement. A copy of the Registrant’s written Privacy Notice, written
disclosure statement as set forth on Part 2 of Form ADV and Form CRS (Client
Relationship Summary) shall be provided to each client or prospective client prior to, or
contemporaneously with, the execution of the Investment Advisory Agreement, Financial
Planning and Consulting Agreement, or Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement.
to providing
investment advisory services, an
C. The Registrant shall provide investment advisory services specific to the needs of each
client. Prior
investment adviser
representative will ascertain each client’s investment objective(s). Thereafter, the
Registrant shall allocate and/or recommend that the client allocate investment assets
consistent with the designated investment objective(s). The client may, at any time, impose
reasonable restrictions, in writing, on the Registrant’s services.
D. The Registrant does not participate in a wrap fee program.
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E. As of December 31, 2024, the Registrant had $ 4,521,404,176 in assets under management
on a discretionary basis and $ 5,779,528 in assets under management on a non-
discretionary basis.
Item 5
Fees and Compensation
A.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
The Registrant provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services
on a fee-only basis. The Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee shall be based upon a
percentage (%) of the market value and type of assets placed under the Registrant’s
management, generally between 0.25% and 1.00% as follows:
Standard Fee Schedule
Legacy Clients
Assets
Up to $2 million
Next $3 million
Over $5 million
Annual Fee
1.00%
0.75%
0.50%
New Clients
Assets Up to $1,999,999
Value of All Managed Accounts with Firm
Up to $1,999,999
Per Quarter Annualized
0.2500%
1.00%
Assets From $2 million
Retainer
Quarterly
$3,000
Annually
$12,000
- Plus -
Total Portfolio Values
From $0 million to $10 million
From $10 million to $20 million
Above $20 million
0.10%
0.075%
0.0625%
.40%
.30%
.25%
• To the extent that the Registrant chooses to accept a client with assets below $400,000,
the Registrant may charge up to 1.00% of assets under management.
In addition to the Registrant’s investment advisory fee, certain clients may be
charged an annual retainer fee.
Fee Schedule for Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans
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The Adviser shall be compensated based upon a percentage of the assets in the Plan (without regard
to the Excluded Assets) in accordance with the following Fee schedule:
Value of Plan Assets
$0 - $500,000
$500,000 - $2,500,000
$2,500,000 - $5,000,000
$5,000,000 - $10,000,000
$10,000,000 +
Annual Fee
0.85%
0.65%
0.45%
0.30%
0.10%
Registrant, in its discretion, may charge a lesser investment advisory fee, charge a flat fee,
waive its fee entirely, or charge fee on a different interval, based upon certain criteria (i.e.
anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of
assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, complexity of the
engagement, anticipated services to be rendered, grandfathered fee schedules, employees
and family members, courtesy accounts, competition, negotiations with client, etc.). Please
Note: As result of the above, similarly situated clients could pay different fees. In addition,
similar advisory services may be available from other investment advisers for similar or
lower fees. ANY QUESTIONS: Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner,
remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have
regarding advisory fees.
FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICES (STAND-ALONE)
Registrant’s planning and consulting fees are negotiable, but generally range from $500 to
$1,500 on a fixed fee basis, and from $150 to $250 on an hourly rate basis, depending upon
the level and scope of the service(s) required and the professional(s) rendering the
service(s).
As a result of these factors, similarly situated clients could pay diverse fees, and the
services to be provided by Registrant to any particular client could be available from other
advisers at lower fees. All clients and prospective clients should be guided accordingly.
ANY QUESTIONS: Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains
available to address any questions regarding advisory fees.
RETIREMENT PLAN CONSULTING
If a client determines to engage the Registrant to provide retirement plan consulting
services, the Registrant’s annual fee shall be based upon a percentage (%) of the market
value of plan assets, generally between 0.36% and 0.50% as follows:
Assets
Up to $5 million
Over $5 million
Annual Fee
0.50%
0.36%
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Margin Accounts - Risks. Registrant does not recommend the use of margin for
investment purposes. A margin account is a brokerage account that allows investors to
borrow money to buy securities and/or for other non-investment borrowing purposes. The
broker/custodian charges the investor interest for the right to borrow money and uses the
securities as collateral. By using borrowed funds, the customer is employing leverage that
will magnify both account gains and losses. Please Note: The use of margin can cause
significant adverse financial consequences in the event of a market correction. ANY
QUESTIONS: Our Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to
address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the use of
margin.
B. Clients may elect to have the Registrant’s advisory fees deducted from their custodial account. Both
Registrant’s Investment Advisory Agreement and the custodial/clearing agreement may authorize
the custodian to debit the account for the amount of the Registrant’s investment advisory fee and to
directly remit that management fee to the Registrant in compliance with regulatory procedures. In
the limited event that the Registrant bills the client directly, payment is due upon receipt of the
Registrant’s invoice. The Registrant shall deduct fees and/or bill clients monthly in arrears, based
upon the market value of the assets on the last business day of the month. Retirement Plan
Services clients will pay an advisory fee on a prorated quarterly basis in advance based upon
the market value of the assets on the last business day of the previous quarter.
C. As discussed below at Item 12 below, when requested to recommend a broker-
dealer/custodian for client accounts, Registrant generally recommends that Charles
Schwab and Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) serve as the broker-dealer/custodian for client investment
management assets. Broker-dealers such as Schwab brokerage commissions, transaction,
and/or other type fees for effecting certain types of securities transactions (i.e., including
transaction fees for certain mutual funds, and mark-ups and mark-downs charged for fixed
income transactions, etc.). The types of securities for which transaction fees, commissions,
and/or other type fees (as well as the amount of those fees) shall differ depending upon the
broker-dealer/custodian (while certain custodians, including Schwab do not currently
charge fees on individual equity transactions, others do). When beneficial to the client,
individual fixed‐income and/or equity transactions may be effected through broker‐dealers
with whom Registrant and/or the client have entered into arrangements for prime brokerage
clearing services, including effecting certain client transactions through other SEC
registered and FINRA member broker‐dealers (in which event, the client generally will
incur both the transaction fee charged by the executing broker‐dealer and a “trade-away”
fee charged by Schwab. These fees/charges are in addition to Registrant’s investment
advisory fee herein at Item 5. Registrant does not receive any portion of these fees/charges.
ANY QUESTIONS: Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains
available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding
the above.
D. Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee shall be paid monthly, in arrears, based upon
the market value of the assets on the last business day of the month. Retirement Plan
Services clients shall pay an advisory fee on a prorated and quarterly basis in advance based
upon the market value of the assets on the last business day of the previous quarter.
The Investment Advisory Agreement, Financial Planning and Consulting Agreement, and
Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement between the Registrant and the client will continue
in effect until terminated by either party by written notice in accordance with the terms of
such Agreement. Upon termination, the Registrant shall refund the pro-rated portion of
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any advanced unearned fee paid based upon the number of days remaining in the billing
quarter.
E. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives accept compensation from the sale of
securities or other investment products.
Item 6
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
Neither the Registrant nor any supervised person is a party to any performance or incentive-
related compensation arrangements with its clients.
Item 7
Types of Clients
The Registrant’s clients shall generally include individuals, high net worth individuals,
business entities, pension and profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates, and charitable
organizations. The Registrant does not require an annual minimum fee for its Standard Fee
Schedule. However, Registrant requires a minimum annual fee of $1,000 for investment
advisory services to non-employer sponsored retirement plans and $2,500 for its ASPIRE
clients. Therefore, clients who maintain less than $80,000 in assets under Registrant’s
management, who are subject to this minimum fee will pay a higher percentage annual fee
than the 1.00% referenced in Item 5.A. above.
Registrant, in its discretion, may charge a lesser investment advisory fee, charge a flat fee,
charge a combination of flat and percentage of assets under management fee, waive its
minimum/modify if minimum fee, waive its fee entirely, or charge fee on a different
interval, based upon certain criteria (i.e. anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated
future additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be managed, related accounts, account
composition, complexity of the engagement, anticipated services to be rendered,
grandfathered fee schedules, employees and family members, courtesy accounts,
competition, negotiations with client, etc.). Please Note: As result of the above, similarly
situated clients could pay different fees. In addition, similar advisory services may be
available from other investment advisers for similar or lower fees. ANY QUESTIONS:
Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any
questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding advisory fees.
Item 8
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
A. The Registrant shall utilize the following methods of security analysis:
• Fundamental - (analysis performed on historical and present data, with the goal of
making financial forecasts)
• Cyclical – (analysis performed on historical relationships between price and
market trends, to forecast the direction of prices)
The Registrant shall utilize the following investment strategies when implementing
investment advice given to clients:
• Long Term Purchases (securities held at least a year)
Investment Risk. Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, and it
should not be assumed that future performance of any specific investment or investment
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strategy (including the investments and/or investment strategies recommended or
undertaken by the Registrant) will be profitable or equal any specific performance level(s).
B. The Registrant’s methods of analysis and investment strategies do not present any
significant or unusual risks. However, every method of analysis has its own inherent risks.
To perform an accurate market analysis the Registrant must have access to current/new
market information. The Registrant has no control over the dissemination rate of market
information; therefore, unbeknownst to the Registrant, certain analyses may be compiled
with outdated market information, severely limiting the value of the Registrant’s analysis.
Furthermore, an accurate market analysis can only produce a forecast of the direction of
market values. There can be no assurances that a forecasted change in market value will
materialize into actionable and/or profitable investment opportunities.
The Registrant’s primary investment strategy - Long Term Purchases- is a fundamental
investment strategy. However, every investment strategy has its own inherent risks and
limitations. For example, longer term investment strategies require a longer investment
time period to allow for the strategy to potentially develop. Shorter term investment
strategies require a shorter investment time period to potentially develop but, as a result of
more frequent trading, may incur higher transactional costs when compared to a longer
term investment strategy.
Registrant believes that the best investment results come from a low-cost index-based asset
allocation approach with a disciplined rebalance strategy. By taking the time to learn about
the client and his/her goals and risk tolerance, a return goal can be established (expressed
as a percentage over inflation). Registrant and the client then agree on a guiding asset
allocation. This serves as the basis for the client’s long-term investment strategy as set forth
in the Investment Plan executed by the client.
C. Currently, the Registrant primarily allocates client investment assets among various mutual
funds, exchange traded funds, individual equities, individual bonds, and/or bond funds on
a discretionary and non-discretionary basis in accordance with the client’s designated
investment objective(s).
In limited circumstances, the Registrant may recommend that clients allocate investment
assets among real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) on a non-discretionary basis in
accordance with the client’s designated investment objective(s).
REITs are subject to risks generally associated with investing in real estate, such as:
possible declines in the value of real estate; adverse general and local economic conditions;
possible lack of availability of mortgage funds; changes in interest rates; and environmental
problems. In addition, REITs are subject to certain other risks related specifically to their
structure and focus such as: dependency upon management skills; limited diversification;
the risks of locating and managing financing for projects; heavy cash flow dependency;
possible default by borrowers; the costs and potential losses of self-liquidation of one or
more holdings; the possibility of failing to maintain exemptions from securities
registration; and, in many cases, relatively small market capitalization, which may result
in less market liquidity and greater price volatility. Clients are therefore encouraged to
carefully review and discuss each applicable REIT’s offering documents with the
Registrant, which will be provided to each client for review and consideration.
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The Registrant may also allocate clients’ investment assets on a discretionary basis, among
one or more of its asset allocation models. Registrant’s asset allocation models have been
designed to comply with the requirements of Rule 3a-4 of the Investment Company Act of
1940. Rule 3a-4 provides similarly managed investment programs, such as Registrant’s
asset allocation models, with a non-exclusive safe harbor from the definition of an
investment company. In accordance with Rule 3a-4, the following disclosure is applicable
to Registrant’s management of client assets:
1. Initial Interview – at the opening of the account, the Registrant, through its designated
representatives, shall obtain from the client information sufficient to determine the client’s
financial situation and investment objectives;
2. Individual Treatment - the account is managed on the basis of the client’s financial
situation and investment objectives;
3. Quarterly Notice – at least quarterly the Registrant shall notify the client to advise the
Registrant whether the client’s financial situation or investment objectives have changed,
or if the client wants to impose and/or modify any reasonable restrictions on the
management of the account;
4. Annual Contact – at least annually, the Registrant shall contact the client to determine
whether the client’s financial situation or investment objectives have changed, or if the
client wants to impose and/or modify any reasonable restrictions on the management of the
account;
5. Consultation Available – the Registrant shall be reasonably available to consult with
the client relative to the status of the account;
6. Quarterly Report – the client shall be provided with a quarterly report for the account
for the preceding period;
7. Ability to Impose Restrictions – the client shall have the ability to impose reasonable
restrictions on the management of the account, including the ability to instruct the
Registrant not to purchase certain mutual funds;
8. No Pooling – the client’s beneficial interest in a security does not represent an undivided
interest in all the securities held by the custodian, but rather represents a direct and
beneficial interest in the securities which comprise the account;
9. Separate Account - a separate account is maintained for the client with the Custodian;
10. Ownership – each client retains indicia of ownership of the account (e. g. right to
withdraw securities or cash, exercise or delegate proxy voting, and receive transaction
confirmations).
The Registrant believes that its annual investment management fee is reasonable in relation
to: (1) the advisory services provided under the Investment Advisory Agreement; and (2)
the fees charged by other investment advisers offering similar services/programs.
However, Registrant’s annual investment management fee may be higher than that charged
by other investment advisers offering similar services/programs. In addition to Registrant’s
annual investment management fee, the client will also incur charges imposed directly at
the mutual and exchange traded fund level (e.g., management fees and other fund
expenses).
Registrant’s investment models may involve above-average portfolio turnover which could
negatively impact upon the net after-tax gain experienced by an individual client in a
taxable account.
Item 9
Disciplinary Information
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The Registrant has not been the subject of any disciplinary actions.
Item 10
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application pending
to register, as a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer.
B. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application pending
to register, as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a commodity
trading advisor, or a representative of the foregoing.
C. As indicated at Item 4 above, Registrant does not serve as an attorney, accountant, or
insurance agent, and no portion of our services should be construed as same. Accordingly,
Registrant does not prepare legal documents, prepare tax returns, or sell insurance products.
To the extent requested by a client, we may recommend the services of other professionals
for non-investment implementation purpose (i.e. attorneys, accountants, insurance, etc.).
D. The Registrant does not recommend or select other investment advisors for its clients.
Item 11
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and
Personal Trading
A. The Registrant maintains an investment policy relative to personal securities transactions.
This investment policy is part of Registrant’s overall Code of Ethics, which serves to
establish a standard of business conduct for all of Registrant’s representatives that is based
upon fundamental principles of openness, integrity, honesty and trust, a copy of which is
available upon request.
In accordance with Section 204A of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Registrant
also maintains and enforces written policies reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of
material non-public information by the Registrant or any person associated with the
Registrant.
Furthermore, as of November 28, 2016, the Registrant was deemed to be in conformity
with the fiduciary standards of the Centre for Fiduciary Excellence (“CEFEX”). These
fiduciary standards are defined in the Prudent Practices for Investment Advisors handbook
published by fi360, Inc.1
B. Neither the Registrant nor any related person of Registrant recommends, buys, or sells for
client accounts, securities in which the Registrant or any related person of Registrant has a
material financial interest.
C. The Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant may buy or sell securities that are
also recommended to clients. This practice may create a situation where the Registrant
and/or representatives of the Registrant are in a position to materially benefit from the sale
or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this situation creates a conflict of interest.
Practices such as “scalping” (i.e., a practice whereby the owner of shares of a security
1 CEFEX grants certification to investment advisor firms that demonstrate adherence to fiduciary best practices. The
Handbook describing fiduciary best practices for investment advisors is available at www.cefex.org.You may also view Registrant’s certification
at https://www.cefex.org/RegisteredCompanyList/.
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recommends that security for investment and then immediately sells it at a profit upon the
rise in the market price which follows the recommendation) could take place if the
Registrant did not have adequate policies in place to detect such activities. In addition, this
requirement can help detect insider trading, “front-running” (i.e., personal trades executed
prior to those of the Registrant’s clients) and other potentially abusive practices.
The Registrant has a personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the personal
securities transactions and securities holdings of each of the Registrant’s “Access Persons”.
The Registrant’s securities transaction policy requires that an Access Person of the
Registrant must provide the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee with a written
report of their current securities holdings within ten (10) days after becoming an Access
Person. Additionally, each Access Person must provide the Chief Compliance Officer or
his/her designee with a written report of the Access Person’s current securities holdings at
least once each twelve (12) month period thereafter on a date the Registrant selects;
provided, however that at any time that the Registrant has only one Access Person, he or
she shall not be required to submit any securities report described above.
D. The Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant may buy or sell securities, at or
around the same time as those securities are recommended to clients. This practice creates
a situation where the Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant are in a position to
materially benefit from the sale or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this situation
creates a conflict of interest. As indicated above in Item 11.C, the Registrant has a personal
securities transaction policy in place to monitor the personal securities transaction and
securities holdings of each of Registrant’s Access Persons.
Item 12
Brokerage Practices
A. In the event that the client requests that the Registrant recommend a broker-
dealer/custodian for execution and/or custodial services (exclusive of those clients that may
direct the Registrant to use a specific broker-dealer/custodian), Registrant generally
recommends that investment management accounts be maintained at Schwab. Prior to
engaging Registrant to provide investment management services, the client will be required
to enter into a formal Investment Advisory Agreement with Registrant setting forth the
terms and conditions under which Registrant shall manage the client’s assets, and a
separate custodial/clearing agreement with each designated broker-dealer/custodian.
Factors that Registrant considers in recommending Schwab (or any other broker-
dealer/custodian to clients) include historical relationship with Registrant, financial
strength, reputation, execution capabilities, pricing, research, and service. Broker-dealers
such as Schwab can charge transaction fees for effecting certain securities transactions (See
Item 4 above). To the extent that a transaction fee will be payable by the client, the
transaction fee shall be in addition to Registrant’s investment advisory fee referenced in
Item 5 above. To the extent that a transaction fee is payable, Registrant shall have a duty
to obtain best execution for such transaction. However, that does not mean that the client
will not pay a transaction fee that is higher than another qualified broker-dealer might
charge to effect the same transaction where Registrant determines, in good faith, that the
transaction fee is reasonable. In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the
lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the best qualitative execution,
taking into consideration the full range of a broker-dealer’s services, including the value of
responsiveness.
research provided, execution capability,
transaction
rates, and
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Accordingly, although Registrant will seek competitive rates, it may not necessarily obtain
the lowest possible rates for client account transactions.
1. Research and Additional Benefits
Although not a material consideration when determining whether to recommend that a
client utilize the services of a particular broker-dealer/custodian, Registrant receives
from Schwab (or another broker-dealer/custodian, investment platform, unaffiliated
investment manager, vendor, unaffiliated product/fund sponsor, or vendor) without
cost (and/or at a discount) support services and/or products, certain of which assist the
Registrant to better monitor and service client accounts maintained at such institutions.
Included within the support services that may be obtained by the Registrant may be
investment-related research, pricing information and market data, software and other
technology that provide access to client account data, compliance and/or practice
management-related publications, discounted or gratis consulting services, discounted
and/or gratis attendance at conferences, meetings, and other educational and/or social
events, marketing support, computer hardware and/or software and/or other products
used by Registrant in furtherance of its investment advisory business operations.
Registrant’s clients do not pay more for investment transactions effected and/or assets
maintained at Schwab as a result of this arrangement. There is no corresponding
commitment made by the Registrant to Schwab or any other entity to invest any
specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific mutual funds, securities
or other investment products as a result of the above arrangement.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to
address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above
arrangements and any corresponding conflict of interest presented by such
arrangements.
2. The Registrant does not receive referrals from broker-dealers.
3. Registrant recommends that its clients utilize the brokerage and custodial services
provided by Schwab. The Firm generally does not accept directed brokerage
arrangements (but could make exceptions). A directed brokerage arrangement arises
when a client requires that account transactions be effected through a specific broker-
dealer/custodian, other than one generally recommended by the Registrant (i.e.,
Schwab). In such client directed arrangements, the client will negotiate terms and
arrangements for their account with that broker-dealer, and Registrant will not seek
better execution services or prices from other broker-dealers or be able to “batch” the
client’s transactions for execution through other broker-dealers with orders for other
accounts managed by Registrant. As a result, client may pay higher commissions or
other transaction costs or greater spreads, or receive less favorable net prices, on
transactions for the account than would otherwise be the case.
In the event that the client directs Registrant to effect securities transactions for the
client’s accounts through a specific broker-dealer, the client correspondingly
acknowledges that such direction may cause the accounts to incur higher commissions
or transaction costs than the accounts would otherwise incur had the client determined
to effect account transactions through alternative clearing arrangements that may be
available through Registrant. Higher transaction costs adversely impact account
performance.
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Transactions for directed accounts will generally be executed following the execution
of portfolio transactions for non-directed accounts.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to
address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above
arrangements and the corresponding conflicts of interest presented by such
arrangements.
B. Transactions for each client account generally will be effected independently unless Firm
decides to purchase or sell the same securities for several clients at approximately the same
time. The Firm may (but is not obligated to) combine or “batch” such orders for individual
equity transactions (including ETFs) with the intention to obtain better price execution, to
negotiate more favorable commission rates, or to allocate more equitably among the
Firm’s clients differences in prices and commissions or other transaction costs that might
have occurred had such orders been placed independently. Under this procedure,
transactions will be averaged as to price and will be allocated among clients in proportion
to the purchase and sale orders placed for each client account on any given day. In the
event that the Firm becomes aware that a Firm employee seeks to trade in the same security
on the same day, the employee transaction will either be included in the “batch”
transaction or transacted after all discretionary client transactions have been completed.
The Registrant shall not receive any additional compensation or remuneration as a result
of such aggregation.
Item 13
Review of Accounts
A. For those clients to whom Registrant provides investment supervisory services, account
reviews are conducted on an ongoing basis by the Registrant’s Principals and/or
representatives. All investment supervisory clients are advised that it remains their
responsibility to advise the Registrant of any changes in their investment objectives and/or
financial situation. All clients (in person or via telephone) are encouraged to review
financial planning issues (to the extent applicable), investment objectives and account
performance with the Registrant on an annual basis.
B. The Registrant may conduct account reviews on an other than periodic basis upon the
occurrence of a triggering event, such as a change in client investment objectives and/or
financial situation, market corrections and client request.
C. Clients are provided, at least quarterly, with written transaction confirmation notices and
regular written summary account statements directly from the broker-dealer/custodian
and/or program sponsor for the client accounts. The Registrant may also provide a written
periodic report summarizing account activity and performance.
Item 14
Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. As indicated at Item 12 above, Registrant can receive from Schwab (and others) without
cost (and/or at a discount), support services and/or products. Registrant’s clients do not pay
more for investment transactions effected and/or assets maintained at Schwab (or any other
institution) as result of this arrangement. There is no corresponding commitment made by
the Registrant to Schwab or any other entity to invest any specific amount or percentage of
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client assets in any specific mutual funds, securities or other investment products as a result
of the above arrangement.
B. If a client is introduced to the Registrant by either an unaffiliated or an affiliated promoter,
Registrant may pay that promoter a referral fee in accordance with the requirements of the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and any corresponding state securities law requirements.
Any such referral fee shall be paid solely from the Registrant’s investment advisory fee
and shall not result in any additional charge to the client. If the client is introduced to the
Registrant by an unaffiliated promoter, the promoter, at the time of the solicitation, is
required to: disclose the nature of their promoter relationship, provide each prospective
client with a copy of the Registrant’s written Brochure, Form CRS and a copy of the written
disclosure statement from the promoter to the client disclosing the terms of the solicitation
arrangement between the Registrant and the promoter, including the compensation to be
received by the promoter from the Registrant.
Item 15
Custody
The Registrant shall have the ability to have its advisory fee for each client debited by the
custodian on a quarterly basis. Clients are provided, at least quarterly, with written
transaction confirmation notices and regular written summary account statements directly
from the broker-dealer/custodian and/or program sponsor for the client accounts. The
Registrant may also provide a written periodic report summarizing account activity and
performance.
To the extent that the Registrant provides clients with periodic account statements or
reports, the client is urged to compare any statement or report provided by the Registrant
with the account statements received from the account custodian.
The account custodian does not verify the accuracy of the Registrant’s advisory fee
calculation.
Custody Situations: Registrant and/or certain of its members engage in other services
and/or practices (i.e., bill paying, password possession, trustee service, etc.) requiring
disclosure at Item 9 of Part 1 of Form ADV. These services and practices result in
Registrant having custody under Rule 206(4)-2 of the Advisers Act. Per the Rule, having
such custody requires Registrant to undergo an annual surprise CPA examination, and
make a corresponding Form ADV-E filing with the SEC, for as long as Registrant provides
such services and/or engages in such practices.
In addition, certain clients have signed asset transfer authorizations that permit a qualified
custodian to rely upon instructions from the Registrant to transfer client funds to “third
parties.” In accordance with the guidance provided in the SEC Staff’s February 21, 2017
Investment Adviser Association No-Action Letter, the affected accounts are not subjected
to an annual surprise CPA examination. The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer,
Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective
client may have regarding custody-related issues.
Item 16
Investment Discretion
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The client can determine to engage the Registrant to provide investment advisory services
on a discretionary basis. Prior to the Registrant assuming discretionary authority over a
client’s account, the client shall be required to execute an Investment Advisory Agreement,
naming the Registrant as the client’s attorney and agent in fact, granting the Registrant full
authority to buy, sell, or otherwise effect investment transactions involving the assets in
the client’s name found in the discretionary account.
Clients who engage the Registrant on a discretionary basis may, at any time, impose
restrictions, in writing, on the Registrant’s discretionary authority (i.e. limit the
types/amounts of particular securities purchased for their account, exclude the ability to
purchase securities with an inverse relationship to the market, limit or proscribe the
Registrant’s use of margin, etc.).
Item 17
Voting Client Securities
A. The Registrant does not vote client proxies. Clients maintain exclusive responsibility for:
(1) directing the manner in which proxies solicited by issuers of securities beneficially
owned by the client shall be voted, and (2) making all elections relative to any mergers,
acquisitions, tender offers, bankruptcy proceedings or other type events pertaining to the
client’s investment assets.
B. Clients will receive their proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodian. Clients
may contact the Registrant to discuss any questions they may have with a particular
solicitation.
Item 18
Financial Information
A. The Registrant does not solicit fees of more than $1,200, per client, six months or more in
advance.
B. The Registrant is unaware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its
ability to meet its contractual commitments relating to its discretionary authority over
certain client accounts.
C. The Registrant has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to
address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above
disclosures and arrangements.
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