Overview

Assets Under Management: $4.1 billion
Headquarters: TUCSON, AZ
High-Net-Worth Clients: 1,004
Average Client Assets: $3 million

Services Offered

Services: Financial Planning, Portfolio Management for Individuals, Pension Consulting, Investment Advisor Selection

Fee Structure

Primary Fee Schedule (ADV PART 2A)

MinMaxMarginal Fee Rate
$0 $2,000,000 1.00%
$2,000,001 $5,000,000 0.75%
$5,000,001 and above 0.50%
Illustrative Fee Rates
Total AssetsAnnual FeesAverage Fee Rate
$1 million $10,000 1.00%
$5 million $42,500 0.85%
$10 million $67,500 0.68%
$50 million $267,500 0.54%
$100 million $517,500 0.52%

Clients

Number of High-Net-Worth Clients: 1,004
Percentage of Firm Assets Belonging to High-Net-Worth Clients: 77.44
Average High-Net-Worth Client Assets: $3 million
Total Client Accounts: 10,252
Discretionary Accounts: 10,247
Non-Discretionary Accounts: 5

Regulatory Filings

CRD Number: 107373
Last Filing Date: 2025-02-27 00:00:00
Website: HTTPS://TWITTER.COM/TCIWEALTH?LANG=EN

Form ADV Documents

Primary Brochure: ADV PART 2A (2025-03-21)

View Document Text
Item 1 Cover Page TCI WEALTH ADVISORS, INC. SEC File Number: 801 – 37083 ADV Part 2A, Firm Brochure Dated: March 21, 2025 Contact: Simone Gehner, Chief Compliance Officer 4011 East Sunrise Drive Tucson, Arizona 85718 www.tciwealth.com This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of TCI Wealth Advisors, Inc. If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure, please contact us at (520) 733-1477 or simone.gehner@tciwealth.com. The information in this Brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority. Additional information about TCI Wealth Advisors, Inc. also is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. References herein to TCI Wealth Advisors, Inc. as a “registered investment adviser” or any reference to being “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training. Item 2 Material Changes TCI Wealth Advisors has not made any material changes since our last Other-Than-Annual Amendment filing made on March 19, 2024. In addition to the above material changes, TCI Wealth Advisors has made disclosure changes, enhancements and additions below at Items 4, 5, 12, 14 and 15. TCI Wealth Advisors, Inc.’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have about this change or any other aspect of this Firm Brochure. Item 3 Table of Contents Item 1 Cover Page .................................................................................................................................... 1 Item 2 Material Changes .......................................................................................................................... 2 Item 3 Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 2 Item 4 Advisory Business ........................................................................................................................ 2 Fees and Compensation .............................................................................................................. 10 Item 5 Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management .......................................................... 13 Item 6 Item 7 Types of Clients .......................................................................................................................... 13 Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ................................................... 13 Item 9 Disciplinary Information ............................................................................................................ 15 Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .................................................................. 16 Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading.............. 16 Item 12 Brokerage Practices .................................................................................................................... 17 Item 13 Review of Accounts .................................................................................................................... 19 Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................................. 19 Item 15 Custody ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Item 16 Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................. 20 Item 17 Voting Client Securities .............................................................................................................. 21 Item 18 Financial Information ................................................................................................................. 21 Item 4 Advisory Business A. TCI Wealth Advisors, Inc. (the “Registrant”) is a corporation formed on August 6, 1990 in the state of Arizona. The Registrant became registered as an Investment Adviser Firm in August 1990. The Registrant is owned by several individuals and trusts as reported on the Registrant’s ADV Part 1, Schedules A and B. However, the Registrant is not “principally owned” (as that term is defined for the purposes of this ADV Part 2A, Item 4.A) by any 2 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 such individual(s) or trust(s). Sam Swift is the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer and President. B. INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING The Registrant provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services on a fee-only basis. The Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee is based upon a percentage (%) of the market value of the assets placed under the Registrant’s management. Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee shall include investment advisory services, and, to the extent specifically requested by the client, financial planning and consulting services. In the event that the client requires extraordinary planning and/or consultation services (to be determined in the sole discretion of the Registrant), the Registrant may determine to charge for such additional services, the dollar amount of which shall be set forth in a separate written notice to the client. Our Process The investment plan process begins with a discussion of financial values and goals, as well as the client’s key relationships, existing assets, other professional advisors, preferred process and important interests. Taking into account the long-term nature of successful investing, Registrant then sets objectives for the client’s portfolio that are appropriate for willingness, ability and need to take risk, and the investment horizon(s) identified. Because it is so important, asset allocation is the first investment decision. During this process, Registrant decides how much of a portfolio to invest in each of the different investment types, or asset classes, including stocks, bonds and short-term investments, both domestic and foreign. With an asset allocation in place, Registrant selects the investment vehicles to use to implement the portfolio strategy. Two key investing principles guide these decisions: the importance of diversification and the value of remaining invested. Building on the aforementioned, Registrant constructs a portfolio suited to Clients’ needs, goals, time horizon and risk attitude. The building blocks for the portfolio are institutional asset class funds, an excellent way to implement a diversified portfolio investment so as to maximize the probability of achieving goals. It is important to note that Registrant believes in the long-term building of wealth. While no strategy guarantees a certain rate of return, a disciplined asset allocation approach can produce a higher probability of success, if given over five or more years to implement it. FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICES (STAND-ALONE) The Registrant may provide financial planning and/or consulting services (including investment and non-investment related matters, including estate planning, insurance planning, etc.) on a stand-alone separate fee basis. Prior to engaging the Registrant to provide planning or consulting services, clients are generally required to enter into a Financial Planning and Consulting Agreement with Registrant setting forth the terms and conditions of the engagement (including termination), describing the scope of the services to be provided, and the portion of the fee that is due from the client prior to Registrant commencing services. If requested by the client, Registrant may recommend the services of other professionals for implementation purposes. The client is under no obligation to engage the services of 3 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 any such recommended professional. The client retains absolute discretion over all such implementation decisions and is free to accept or reject any recommendation from the Registrant. If the client engages any such recommended professional, and a dispute arises thereafter relative to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from and against the engaged professional. At all times, the engaged licensed professional[s] (i.e. attorney, accountant, insurance agent, etc.), and not the Registrant, shall be responsible for the quality and competency of the services provided. It shall remain the client’s responsibility to promptly notify the Registrant if there is ever any change in their financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing, evaluating or revising Registrant’s previous recommendations and/or services. RETIREMENT PLAN CONSULTING The Registrant also provides retirement plan consulting services. To the extent that the plan sponsor engages the Registrant in an ERISA Section 3(21) capacity, the Registrant will assist with the selection and/or monitoring of investment options (generally open-end mutual funds and exchange traded funds) from which plan participants shall choose in self- directing the investments for their individual plan retirement accounts. If the plan sponsor chooses to engage the Registrant in an ERISA Section 3(38) capacity, Registrant may provide the same services as described above, but may also: create specific asset allocation models that Registrant manages on a discretionary basis, which plan participants may choose in managing their individual retirement account; and/or modify the investment options made available to plan participants on a discretionary basis. The terms and conditions of the engagement shall generally be set forth in a Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement between the Registrant and the plan sponsor. ERISA PLAN and 401(k) INDIVIDUAL ENGAGEMENTS: Trustee Directed Plans. Registrant may be engaged to provide discretionary investment advisory services to ERISA retirement plans, whereby the Firm shall manage Plan assets consistent with the investment objective designated by the Plan trustees. In such engagements, Registrant will serve as an investment fiduciary as that term is defined under The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”). Registrant will generally provide services on an “assets under management” fee basis per the terms and conditions of an Investment Advisory Agreement between the Plan and the Firm. Participant Directed Retirement Plans. Registrant may also provide investment advisory and consulting services to participant directed retirement plans per the terms and conditions of a Retirement Plan Services Agreement between Registrant and the plan. For such engagements, Registrant shall assist the Plan sponsor with the selection of an investment platform from which Plan participants shall make their respective investment choices (which may include investment strategies devised and managed by Registrant), and, to the extent engaged to do so, may also provide corresponding education to assist the participants with their decision making process. Client Retirement Plan Assets. If requested to do so, Registrant shall provide investment advisory services relative to 401(k) plan assets maintained by the client in conjunction with the retirement plan established by the client’s employer. In such event, Registrant shall 4 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 allocate (or recommend that the client allocate) the retirement account assets among the investment options available on the 401(k) platform. Registrant’s ability shall be limited to the allocation of the assets among the investment alternatives available through the plan. Registrant will not receive any communications from the plan sponsor or custodian, and it shall remain the client’s exclusive obligation to notify Registrant of any changes in investment alternatives, restrictions, etc. pertaining to the retirement account. Unless expressly indicated by the Registrant to the contrary, in writing, the client’s 401(k) plan assets shall be included as assets under management for purposes of Registrant calculating its advisory fee. Retirement Rollovers-Potential for Conflict of Interest: A client or prospective client leaving an employer typically has four options regarding an existing retirement plan (and may engage in a combination of these options): (i) leave the money in the former employer’s plan, if permitted, (ii) roll over the assets to the new employer’s plan, if one is available and rollovers are permitted, (iii) roll over to an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”), or (iv) cash out the account value (which could, depending upon the client’s age, result in adverse tax consequences). If Registrant recommends that a client roll over their retirement plan assets into an account to be managed by Registrant, such a recommendation creates a conflict of interest if Registrant will earn new (or increase its current) compensation as a result of the rollover. If Registrant provides a recommendation as to whether a client should engage in a rollover or not (whether it is from an employer’s plan or an existing IRA), Registrant is acting as a fiduciary within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. . No client is under any obligation to roll over retirement plan assets to an account managed by Registrant. Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner , remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the potential for conflict of interest presented by such rollover recommendation. MISCELLANEOUS Limitations of Financial Planning, Non-Investment Consulting and Implementation. As indicated above, to the extent requested by a client, Registrant may provide financial planning and related consulting services regarding non-investment related matters such as tax and estate planning, insurance, etc. Registrant will generally provide such consulting services inclusive of its advisory fee set forth at Item 5 below (exceptions could occur based upon assets under management, special projects, stand-alone planning engagements, etc. for which Firm may charge a separate or additional fee). Please Note. Registrant believes that it is important for the client to address financial planning issues on an ongoing basis. Registrant’s advisory fee, as set forth at Item 5 below, will remain the same regardless of whether or not the client determines to address financial planning issues with Registrant. Please Also Note: Registrant does not serve as an attorney, accountant, or insurance agent, and no portion of our services should be construed as same. Accordingly, Registrant does not prepare legal documents, prepare tax returns, or sell insurance products. To the extent requested by a client, we may recommend the services of other professionals for non-investment implementation purpose (i.e. attorneys, accountants, insurance, etc.). The client retains absolute discretion over all such implementation decisions and is free to accept or reject any recommendation from Registrant and/or its representatives. Neither the Registrant nor its investment adviser representatives assist clients with the implementation of any financial plan unless they have agreed to do so in writing. 5 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 Clients are reminded that they are under no obligation to engage the services of any such recommended professional. If the client engages any recommended professional, and a dispute arises thereafter relative to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from and against the engaged professional. At all times, the engaged licensed professional[s] (i.e. attorney, accountant, insurance agent, etc.), and not the Registrant, shall be responsible for the quality and competency of the services provided. Client Obligations. In performing its services, Registrant shall not be required to verify any information received from the client or from the client’s other professionals and is expressly authorized to rely thereon. Moreover, each client is advised that it remains their responsibility to promptly notify the Registrant if there is ever any change in their financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of reviewing, evaluating or revising Registrant’s previous recommendations and/or services. Non-Discretionary Service Limitations. Clients that determine to engage Registrant on a non-discretionary investment advisory basis must be willing to accept that Registrant cannot effect any account transactions without obtaining prior consent to such transaction(s) from the client. Therefore, in the event that Registrant would like to make a transaction for a client’s account (including in the event of an individual holding or general market correction), and the client is unavailable, the Registrant will be unable to effect the account transaction(s) (as it would for its discretionary clients) without first obtaining the client’s consent. Independent Managers. The Registrant may allocate a portion of the client’s investment assets among unaffiliated independent investment managers in accordance with the client’s designated investment objective(s). In such situations, the Independent Manager[s] shall have day-to-day responsibility for the active discretionary management of the allocated assets, including, to the extent applicable, proxy voting responsibility. Registrant shall continue to render investment supervisory services to the client relative to the ongoing monitoring and review of account performance, asset allocation and client investment objectives. Factors that Registrant shall consider in recommending Independent Manager[s] include the client’s designated investment objective(s), management style, performance, reputation, financial strength, reporting, pricing, and research. Please Note. The investment management fee charged by the Independent Manager[s] is separate from, and in addition to, Registrant’s investment advisory fee disclosed at Item 5 below. ANY QUESTIONS: Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the allocation of account assets to an Independent Manager(s), including the specific additional fee to be charged by such Independent Manager(s). Use of Mutual Funds and Exchange Traded Funds. Registrant utilizes mutual funds and exchange traded funds for its client portfolios. In addition to Registrant’s investment advisory fee described below, and transaction and/or custodial fees discussed below, clients will also incur, relative to all mutual fund and exchange traded fund purchases, charges imposed at the fund level (e.g. management fees and other fund expenses). 6 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 Please Note-Use of DFA Mutual Funds: Registrant utilizes the mutual funds issued by Dimensional Fund Advisors (“DFA”). DFA funds are generally only available through registered investment advisers approved by DFA. Thus, if the client was to terminate Registrant’s services, and transition to another adviser who has not been approved by DFA to utilize DFA funds, restrictions regarding additional purchases of, or reallocation among other DFA funds, will generally apply. The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have this arrangement. Socially Responsible Investing Limitations. Socially Responsible Investing involves the incorporation of Environmental, Social and Governance considerations into the investment due diligence process (“ESG). ESG investing incorporates a set of criteria/factors used in evaluating potential investments: Environmental (i.e., considers how a company safeguards the environment); Social (i.e., the manner in which a company manages relationships with its employees, customers, and the communities in which it operates); and Governance (i.e., company management considerations). The number of companies that maintain an acceptable ESG mandate can be limited when compared to those that do not and could underperform broad market indices. Investors must accept these limitations, including potential for underperformance. Correspondingly, the number of ESG mutual funds and exchange traded funds are few when compared to those that do not maintain such a mandate. As with any type of investment (including any investment and/or investment strategies recommended and/or undertaken by Registrant), there can be no assurance that investment in ESG securities or funds will be profitable or prove successful. Borrowing Against Assets/Risks. A client who has a need to borrow money could determine to do so by using: • Margin-The account custodian or broker-dealer lends money to the client. The custodian charges the client interest for the right to borrow money, and uses the assets in the client’s brokerage account as collateral; and • Pledged Assets Loan- In consideration for a lender (i.e., a bank, etc.) to make a loan to the client, the client pledges its investment assets held at the account custodian as collateral. These above-described collateralized loans are generally utilized because they typically provide more favorable interest rates than standard commercial loans. These types of collateralized loans can assist with a pending home purchase, permit the retirement of more expensive debt, or enable borrowing in lieu of liquidating existing account positions and incurring capital gains taxes. However, such loans are not without potential material risk to the client’s investment assets. The lender (i.e. custodian, bank, etc.) will have recourse against the client’s investment assets in the event of loan default or if the assets fall below a certain level. For this reason, Registrant does not recommend such borrowing unless it is for specific short-term purposes (i.e. a bridge loan to purchase a new residence). Registrant does not recommend such borrowing for investment purposes (i.e. to invest borrowed funds in the market). Regardless, if the client was to determine to utilize margin or a pledged assets loan, the following economic benefits would inure to Registrant: • by taking the loan rather than liquidating assets in the client’s account, Registrant continues to earn a fee on such Account assets; 7 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 • • if the client invests any portion of the loan proceeds in an account to be managed by Registrant, Registrant will receive an advisory fee on the invested amount; and, if Registrant’s advisory fee is based upon the higher margined account value (see margin disclosure at Item 5 below), Registrant will earn a correspondingly higher advisory fee. This could provide Registrant with a disincentive to encourage the client to discontinue the use of margin. Please Note: The client must accept the above risks and potential corresponding consequences associated with the use of margin or a pledged assets loans. Portfolio Activity. Registrant has a fiduciary duty to provide services consistent with the client’s best interest. As part of its investment advisory services, Registrant will review client portfolios on an ongoing basis to determine if any changes are necessary based upon various factors, including, but not limited to, investment performance, fund manager tenure, style drift, account additions/withdrawals, and/or a change in the client’s investment objective. Based upon these factors, there may be extended periods of time when Registrant determines that changes to a client’s portfolio are neither necessary nor prudent. Clients nonetheless remain subject to the fees described in Item 5 below during periods of account inactivity. Please Note: Cash Positions. Registrant continues to treat cash as an asset class. As such, unless determined to the contrary by Registrant, all cash positions (money markets, etc.) shall continue to be included as part of assets under management for purposes of calculating Registrant’s advisory fee. At any specific point in time, depending upon perceived or anticipated market conditions/events (there being no guarantee that such anticipated market conditions/events will occur), Registrant may maintain cash positions for defensive purposes. In addition, while assets are maintained in cash, such amounts could miss market advances. Depending upon current yields, at any point in time, Registrant’s advisory fee could exceed the interest paid by the client’s money market fund. ANY QUESTIONS: Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective may have regarding the above fee billing practice. Cash Sweep Accounts. Account custodians generally require that cash proceeds from account transactions or cash deposits be swept into and/or initially maintained in the custodian’s sweep account. The yield on the sweep account is generally lower than those available in money market accounts. To help mitigate this issue, Registrant shall generally purchase a higher yielding money market fund available on the custodian’s platform with cash proceeds or deposits, unless Registrant reasonably anticipates that it will utilize the cash proceeds during the subsequent 30-day period to purchase additional investments for the client’s account. Exceptions and/or modifications can and will occur with respect to all or a portion of the cash balances for various reasons, including, but not limited to, the amount of dispersion between the sweep account and a money market fund, an indication from the client of an imminent need for such cash, or the client has a demonstrated history of writing checks from the account. ANY QUESTIONS: Registrant’ Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above 8 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 ByAllAccounts and eMoney Advisor Platform. In conjunction with the services provided by ByAllAccounts, Inc. and the eMoney Advisor platform, the Registrant can also provide account reporting services, which can incorporate all of the client’s investment assets including those investment assets that are not part of the assets managed by the Registrant (the “Excluded Assets”). Unless agreed to otherwise, the client and/or his/her/its other advisors that maintain trading authority, and not Registrant, shall be exclusively responsible for the investment performance of the Excluded Assets. Unless also agreed to otherwise, Registrant does not provide investment management, monitoring or implementation services for the Excluded Assets. If the Registrant is asked to make a recommendation as to any Excluded Assets, the client is under absolutely no obligation to accept the recommendation, and Registrant shall not be responsible for any implementation error (timing, trading, etc.) relative to the Excluded Assets. The client can engage Registrant to provide investment management services for the Excluded Assets pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and the client. The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have this arrangement. Cybersecurity Risk. The information technology systems and networks that Registrant and its third-party service providers use to provide services to Registrant’s clients employ various controls, which are designed to prevent cybersecurity incidents stemming from intentional or unintentional actions that could cause significant interruptions in Registrant’s operations and result in the unauthorized acquisition or use of clients’ confidential or non- public personal information. Clients and Registrant are nonetheless subject to the risk of cybersecurity incidents that could ultimately cause them to incur losses, including for example: financial losses, cost and reputational damage to respond to regulatory obligations, other costs associated with corrective measures, and loss from damage or interruption to systems. Although Registrant has established its systems to reduce the risk of cybersecurity incidents from coming to fruition, there is no guarantee that these efforts will always be successful, especially considering that Registrant does not directly control the cybersecurity measures and policies employed by third-party service providers. Clients could incur similar adverse consequences resulting from cybersecurity incidents that more directly affect issuers of securities in which those clients invest, broker-dealers, qualified custodians, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, or other financial institutions. Disclosure Statement. A copy of the Registrant’s written Privacy Notice, written disclosure statement as set forth on Part 2 of Form ADV and Form CRS (Client Relationship Summary) shall be provided to each client or prospective client prior to, or contemporaneously with, the execution of the Investment Advisory Agreement, Financial Planning and Consulting Agreement, or Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement. to providing investment advisory services, an C. The Registrant shall provide investment advisory services specific to the needs of each client. Prior investment adviser representative will ascertain each client’s investment objective(s). Thereafter, the Registrant shall allocate and/or recommend that the client allocate investment assets consistent with the designated investment objective(s). The client may, at any time, impose reasonable restrictions, in writing, on the Registrant’s services. D. The Registrant does not participate in a wrap fee program. 9 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 E. As of December 31, 2024, the Registrant had $ 4,521,404,176 in assets under management on a discretionary basis and $ 5,779,528 in assets under management on a non- discretionary basis. Item 5 Fees and Compensation A. INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING The Registrant provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services on a fee-only basis. The Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee shall be based upon a percentage (%) of the market value and type of assets placed under the Registrant’s management, generally between 0.25% and 1.00% as follows: Standard Fee Schedule Legacy Clients Assets Up to $2 million Next $3 million Over $5 million Annual Fee 1.00% 0.75% 0.50% New Clients Assets Up to $1,999,999 Value of All Managed Accounts with Firm Up to $1,999,999 Per Quarter Annualized 0.2500% 1.00% Assets From $2 million Retainer Quarterly $3,000 Annually $12,000 - Plus - Total Portfolio Values From $0 million to $10 million From $10 million to $20 million Above $20 million 0.10% 0.075% 0.0625% .40% .30% .25% • To the extent that the Registrant chooses to accept a client with assets below $400,000, the Registrant may charge up to 1.00% of assets under management. In addition to the Registrant’s investment advisory fee, certain clients may be charged an annual retainer fee. Fee Schedule for Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans 10 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 The Adviser shall be compensated based upon a percentage of the assets in the Plan (without regard to the Excluded Assets) in accordance with the following Fee schedule: Value of Plan Assets $0 - $500,000 $500,000 - $2,500,000 $2,500,000 - $5,000,000 $5,000,000 - $10,000,000 $10,000,000 + Annual Fee 0.85% 0.65% 0.45% 0.30% 0.10% Registrant, in its discretion, may charge a lesser investment advisory fee, charge a flat fee, waive its fee entirely, or charge fee on a different interval, based upon certain criteria (i.e. anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, complexity of the engagement, anticipated services to be rendered, grandfathered fee schedules, employees and family members, courtesy accounts, competition, negotiations with client, etc.). Please Note: As result of the above, similarly situated clients could pay different fees. In addition, similar advisory services may be available from other investment advisers for similar or lower fees. ANY QUESTIONS: Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding advisory fees. FINANCIAL PLANNING AND CONSULTING SERVICES (STAND-ALONE) Registrant’s planning and consulting fees are negotiable, but generally range from $500 to $1,500 on a fixed fee basis, and from $150 to $250 on an hourly rate basis, depending upon the level and scope of the service(s) required and the professional(s) rendering the service(s). As a result of these factors, similarly situated clients could pay diverse fees, and the services to be provided by Registrant to any particular client could be available from other advisers at lower fees. All clients and prospective clients should be guided accordingly. ANY QUESTIONS: Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions regarding advisory fees. RETIREMENT PLAN CONSULTING If a client determines to engage the Registrant to provide retirement plan consulting services, the Registrant’s annual fee shall be based upon a percentage (%) of the market value of plan assets, generally between 0.36% and 0.50% as follows: Assets Up to $5 million Over $5 million Annual Fee 0.50% 0.36% 11 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 Margin Accounts - Risks. Registrant does not recommend the use of margin for investment purposes. A margin account is a brokerage account that allows investors to borrow money to buy securities and/or for other non-investment borrowing purposes. The broker/custodian charges the investor interest for the right to borrow money and uses the securities as collateral. By using borrowed funds, the customer is employing leverage that will magnify both account gains and losses. Please Note: The use of margin can cause significant adverse financial consequences in the event of a market correction. ANY QUESTIONS: Our Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the use of margin. B. Clients may elect to have the Registrant’s advisory fees deducted from their custodial account. Both Registrant’s Investment Advisory Agreement and the custodial/clearing agreement may authorize the custodian to debit the account for the amount of the Registrant’s investment advisory fee and to directly remit that management fee to the Registrant in compliance with regulatory procedures. In the limited event that the Registrant bills the client directly, payment is due upon receipt of the Registrant’s invoice. The Registrant shall deduct fees and/or bill clients monthly in arrears, based upon the market value of the assets on the last business day of the month. Retirement Plan Services clients will pay an advisory fee on a prorated quarterly basis in advance based upon the market value of the assets on the last business day of the previous quarter. C. As discussed below at Item 12 below, when requested to recommend a broker- dealer/custodian for client accounts, Registrant generally recommends that Charles Schwab and Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) serve as the broker-dealer/custodian for client investment management assets. Broker-dealers such as Schwab brokerage commissions, transaction, and/or other type fees for effecting certain types of securities transactions (i.e., including transaction fees for certain mutual funds, and mark-ups and mark-downs charged for fixed income transactions, etc.). The types of securities for which transaction fees, commissions, and/or other type fees (as well as the amount of those fees) shall differ depending upon the broker-dealer/custodian (while certain custodians, including Schwab do not currently charge fees on individual equity transactions, others do). When beneficial to the client, individual fixed‐income and/or equity transactions may be effected through broker‐dealers with whom Registrant and/or the client have entered into arrangements for prime brokerage clearing services, including effecting certain client transactions through other SEC registered and FINRA member broker‐dealers (in which event, the client generally will incur both the transaction fee charged by the executing broker‐dealer and a “trade-away” fee charged by Schwab. These fees/charges are in addition to Registrant’s investment advisory fee herein at Item 5. Registrant does not receive any portion of these fees/charges. ANY QUESTIONS: Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above. D. Registrant’s annual investment advisory fee shall be paid monthly, in arrears, based upon the market value of the assets on the last business day of the month. Retirement Plan Services clients shall pay an advisory fee on a prorated and quarterly basis in advance based upon the market value of the assets on the last business day of the previous quarter. The Investment Advisory Agreement, Financial Planning and Consulting Agreement, and Retirement Plan Consulting Agreement between the Registrant and the client will continue in effect until terminated by either party by written notice in accordance with the terms of such Agreement. Upon termination, the Registrant shall refund the pro-rated portion of 12 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 any advanced unearned fee paid based upon the number of days remaining in the billing quarter. E. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives accept compensation from the sale of securities or other investment products. Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management Neither the Registrant nor any supervised person is a party to any performance or incentive- related compensation arrangements with its clients. Item 7 Types of Clients The Registrant’s clients shall generally include individuals, high net worth individuals, business entities, pension and profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates, and charitable organizations. The Registrant does not require an annual minimum fee for its Standard Fee Schedule. However, Registrant requires a minimum annual fee of $1,000 for investment advisory services to non-employer sponsored retirement plans and $2,500 for its ASPIRE clients. Therefore, clients who maintain less than $80,000 in assets under Registrant’s management, who are subject to this minimum fee will pay a higher percentage annual fee than the 1.00% referenced in Item 5.A. above. Registrant, in its discretion, may charge a lesser investment advisory fee, charge a flat fee, charge a combination of flat and percentage of assets under management fee, waive its minimum/modify if minimum fee, waive its fee entirely, or charge fee on a different interval, based upon certain criteria (i.e. anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, complexity of the engagement, anticipated services to be rendered, grandfathered fee schedules, employees and family members, courtesy accounts, competition, negotiations with client, etc.). Please Note: As result of the above, similarly situated clients could pay different fees. In addition, similar advisory services may be available from other investment advisers for similar or lower fees. ANY QUESTIONS: Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding advisory fees. Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss A. The Registrant shall utilize the following methods of security analysis: • Fundamental - (analysis performed on historical and present data, with the goal of making financial forecasts) • Cyclical – (analysis performed on historical relationships between price and market trends, to forecast the direction of prices) The Registrant shall utilize the following investment strategies when implementing investment advice given to clients: • Long Term Purchases (securities held at least a year) Investment Risk. Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, and it should not be assumed that future performance of any specific investment or investment 13 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 strategy (including the investments and/or investment strategies recommended or undertaken by the Registrant) will be profitable or equal any specific performance level(s). B. The Registrant’s methods of analysis and investment strategies do not present any significant or unusual risks. However, every method of analysis has its own inherent risks. To perform an accurate market analysis the Registrant must have access to current/new market information. The Registrant has no control over the dissemination rate of market information; therefore, unbeknownst to the Registrant, certain analyses may be compiled with outdated market information, severely limiting the value of the Registrant’s analysis. Furthermore, an accurate market analysis can only produce a forecast of the direction of market values. There can be no assurances that a forecasted change in market value will materialize into actionable and/or profitable investment opportunities. The Registrant’s primary investment strategy - Long Term Purchases- is a fundamental investment strategy. However, every investment strategy has its own inherent risks and limitations. For example, longer term investment strategies require a longer investment time period to allow for the strategy to potentially develop. Shorter term investment strategies require a shorter investment time period to potentially develop but, as a result of more frequent trading, may incur higher transactional costs when compared to a longer term investment strategy. Registrant believes that the best investment results come from a low-cost index-based asset allocation approach with a disciplined rebalance strategy. By taking the time to learn about the client and his/her goals and risk tolerance, a return goal can be established (expressed as a percentage over inflation). Registrant and the client then agree on a guiding asset allocation. This serves as the basis for the client’s long-term investment strategy as set forth in the Investment Plan executed by the client. C. Currently, the Registrant primarily allocates client investment assets among various mutual funds, exchange traded funds, individual equities, individual bonds, and/or bond funds on a discretionary and non-discretionary basis in accordance with the client’s designated investment objective(s). In limited circumstances, the Registrant may recommend that clients allocate investment assets among real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) on a non-discretionary basis in accordance with the client’s designated investment objective(s). REITs are subject to risks generally associated with investing in real estate, such as: possible declines in the value of real estate; adverse general and local economic conditions; possible lack of availability of mortgage funds; changes in interest rates; and environmental problems. In addition, REITs are subject to certain other risks related specifically to their structure and focus such as: dependency upon management skills; limited diversification; the risks of locating and managing financing for projects; heavy cash flow dependency; possible default by borrowers; the costs and potential losses of self-liquidation of one or more holdings; the possibility of failing to maintain exemptions from securities registration; and, in many cases, relatively small market capitalization, which may result in less market liquidity and greater price volatility. Clients are therefore encouraged to carefully review and discuss each applicable REIT’s offering documents with the Registrant, which will be provided to each client for review and consideration. 14 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 The Registrant may also allocate clients’ investment assets on a discretionary basis, among one or more of its asset allocation models. Registrant’s asset allocation models have been designed to comply with the requirements of Rule 3a-4 of the Investment Company Act of 1940. Rule 3a-4 provides similarly managed investment programs, such as Registrant’s asset allocation models, with a non-exclusive safe harbor from the definition of an investment company. In accordance with Rule 3a-4, the following disclosure is applicable to Registrant’s management of client assets: 1. Initial Interview – at the opening of the account, the Registrant, through its designated representatives, shall obtain from the client information sufficient to determine the client’s financial situation and investment objectives; 2. Individual Treatment - the account is managed on the basis of the client’s financial situation and investment objectives; 3. Quarterly Notice – at least quarterly the Registrant shall notify the client to advise the Registrant whether the client’s financial situation or investment objectives have changed, or if the client wants to impose and/or modify any reasonable restrictions on the management of the account; 4. Annual Contact – at least annually, the Registrant shall contact the client to determine whether the client’s financial situation or investment objectives have changed, or if the client wants to impose and/or modify any reasonable restrictions on the management of the account; 5. Consultation Available – the Registrant shall be reasonably available to consult with the client relative to the status of the account; 6. Quarterly Report – the client shall be provided with a quarterly report for the account for the preceding period; 7. Ability to Impose Restrictions – the client shall have the ability to impose reasonable restrictions on the management of the account, including the ability to instruct the Registrant not to purchase certain mutual funds; 8. No Pooling – the client’s beneficial interest in a security does not represent an undivided interest in all the securities held by the custodian, but rather represents a direct and beneficial interest in the securities which comprise the account; 9. Separate Account - a separate account is maintained for the client with the Custodian; 10. Ownership – each client retains indicia of ownership of the account (e. g. right to withdraw securities or cash, exercise or delegate proxy voting, and receive transaction confirmations). The Registrant believes that its annual investment management fee is reasonable in relation to: (1) the advisory services provided under the Investment Advisory Agreement; and (2) the fees charged by other investment advisers offering similar services/programs. However, Registrant’s annual investment management fee may be higher than that charged by other investment advisers offering similar services/programs. In addition to Registrant’s annual investment management fee, the client will also incur charges imposed directly at the mutual and exchange traded fund level (e.g., management fees and other fund expenses). Registrant’s investment models may involve above-average portfolio turnover which could negatively impact upon the net after-tax gain experienced by an individual client in a taxable account. Item 9 Disciplinary Information 15 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 The Registrant has not been the subject of any disciplinary actions. Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations A. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application pending to register, as a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer. B. Neither the Registrant, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application pending to register, as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a commodity trading advisor, or a representative of the foregoing. C. As indicated at Item 4 above, Registrant does not serve as an attorney, accountant, or insurance agent, and no portion of our services should be construed as same. Accordingly, Registrant does not prepare legal documents, prepare tax returns, or sell insurance products. To the extent requested by a client, we may recommend the services of other professionals for non-investment implementation purpose (i.e. attorneys, accountants, insurance, etc.). D. The Registrant does not recommend or select other investment advisors for its clients. Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading A. The Registrant maintains an investment policy relative to personal securities transactions. This investment policy is part of Registrant’s overall Code of Ethics, which serves to establish a standard of business conduct for all of Registrant’s representatives that is based upon fundamental principles of openness, integrity, honesty and trust, a copy of which is available upon request. In accordance with Section 204A of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Registrant also maintains and enforces written policies reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of material non-public information by the Registrant or any person associated with the Registrant. Furthermore, as of November 28, 2016, the Registrant was deemed to be in conformity with the fiduciary standards of the Centre for Fiduciary Excellence (“CEFEX”). These fiduciary standards are defined in the Prudent Practices for Investment Advisors handbook published by fi360, Inc.1 B. Neither the Registrant nor any related person of Registrant recommends, buys, or sells for client accounts, securities in which the Registrant or any related person of Registrant has a material financial interest. C. The Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant may buy or sell securities that are also recommended to clients. This practice may create a situation where the Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant are in a position to materially benefit from the sale or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this situation creates a conflict of interest. Practices such as “scalping” (i.e., a practice whereby the owner of shares of a security 1 CEFEX grants certification to investment advisor firms that demonstrate adherence to fiduciary best practices. The Handbook describing fiduciary best practices for investment advisors is available at www.cefex.org.You may also view Registrant’s certification at https://www.cefex.org/RegisteredCompanyList/. 16 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 recommends that security for investment and then immediately sells it at a profit upon the rise in the market price which follows the recommendation) could take place if the Registrant did not have adequate policies in place to detect such activities. In addition, this requirement can help detect insider trading, “front-running” (i.e., personal trades executed prior to those of the Registrant’s clients) and other potentially abusive practices. The Registrant has a personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the personal securities transactions and securities holdings of each of the Registrant’s “Access Persons”. The Registrant’s securities transaction policy requires that an Access Person of the Registrant must provide the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee with a written report of their current securities holdings within ten (10) days after becoming an Access Person. Additionally, each Access Person must provide the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee with a written report of the Access Person’s current securities holdings at least once each twelve (12) month period thereafter on a date the Registrant selects; provided, however that at any time that the Registrant has only one Access Person, he or she shall not be required to submit any securities report described above. D. The Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant may buy or sell securities, at or around the same time as those securities are recommended to clients. This practice creates a situation where the Registrant and/or representatives of the Registrant are in a position to materially benefit from the sale or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this situation creates a conflict of interest. As indicated above in Item 11.C, the Registrant has a personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the personal securities transaction and securities holdings of each of Registrant’s Access Persons. Item 12 Brokerage Practices A. In the event that the client requests that the Registrant recommend a broker- dealer/custodian for execution and/or custodial services (exclusive of those clients that may direct the Registrant to use a specific broker-dealer/custodian), Registrant generally recommends that investment management accounts be maintained at Schwab. Prior to engaging Registrant to provide investment management services, the client will be required to enter into a formal Investment Advisory Agreement with Registrant setting forth the terms and conditions under which Registrant shall manage the client’s assets, and a separate custodial/clearing agreement with each designated broker-dealer/custodian. Factors that Registrant considers in recommending Schwab (or any other broker- dealer/custodian to clients) include historical relationship with Registrant, financial strength, reputation, execution capabilities, pricing, research, and service. Broker-dealers such as Schwab can charge transaction fees for effecting certain securities transactions (See Item 4 above). To the extent that a transaction fee will be payable by the client, the transaction fee shall be in addition to Registrant’s investment advisory fee referenced in Item 5 above. To the extent that a transaction fee is payable, Registrant shall have a duty to obtain best execution for such transaction. However, that does not mean that the client will not pay a transaction fee that is higher than another qualified broker-dealer might charge to effect the same transaction where Registrant determines, in good faith, that the transaction fee is reasonable. In seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a broker-dealer’s services, including the value of responsiveness. research provided, execution capability, transaction rates, and 17 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 Accordingly, although Registrant will seek competitive rates, it may not necessarily obtain the lowest possible rates for client account transactions. 1. Research and Additional Benefits Although not a material consideration when determining whether to recommend that a client utilize the services of a particular broker-dealer/custodian, Registrant receives from Schwab (or another broker-dealer/custodian, investment platform, unaffiliated investment manager, vendor, unaffiliated product/fund sponsor, or vendor) without cost (and/or at a discount) support services and/or products, certain of which assist the Registrant to better monitor and service client accounts maintained at such institutions. Included within the support services that may be obtained by the Registrant may be investment-related research, pricing information and market data, software and other technology that provide access to client account data, compliance and/or practice management-related publications, discounted or gratis consulting services, discounted and/or gratis attendance at conferences, meetings, and other educational and/or social events, marketing support, computer hardware and/or software and/or other products used by Registrant in furtherance of its investment advisory business operations. Registrant’s clients do not pay more for investment transactions effected and/or assets maintained at Schwab as a result of this arrangement. There is no corresponding commitment made by the Registrant to Schwab or any other entity to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific mutual funds, securities or other investment products as a result of the above arrangement. The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above arrangements and any corresponding conflict of interest presented by such arrangements. 2. The Registrant does not receive referrals from broker-dealers. 3. Registrant recommends that its clients utilize the brokerage and custodial services provided by Schwab. The Firm generally does not accept directed brokerage arrangements (but could make exceptions). A directed brokerage arrangement arises when a client requires that account transactions be effected through a specific broker- dealer/custodian, other than one generally recommended by the Registrant (i.e., Schwab). In such client directed arrangements, the client will negotiate terms and arrangements for their account with that broker-dealer, and Registrant will not seek better execution services or prices from other broker-dealers or be able to “batch” the client’s transactions for execution through other broker-dealers with orders for other accounts managed by Registrant. As a result, client may pay higher commissions or other transaction costs or greater spreads, or receive less favorable net prices, on transactions for the account than would otherwise be the case. In the event that the client directs Registrant to effect securities transactions for the client’s accounts through a specific broker-dealer, the client correspondingly acknowledges that such direction may cause the accounts to incur higher commissions or transaction costs than the accounts would otherwise incur had the client determined to effect account transactions through alternative clearing arrangements that may be available through Registrant. Higher transaction costs adversely impact account performance. 18 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 Transactions for directed accounts will generally be executed following the execution of portfolio transactions for non-directed accounts. The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above arrangements and the corresponding conflicts of interest presented by such arrangements. B. Transactions for each client account generally will be effected independently unless Firm decides to purchase or sell the same securities for several clients at approximately the same time. The Firm may (but is not obligated to) combine or “batch” such orders for individual equity transactions (including ETFs) with the intention to obtain better price execution, to negotiate more favorable commission rates, or to allocate more equitably among the Firm’s clients differences in prices and commissions or other transaction costs that might have occurred had such orders been placed independently. Under this procedure, transactions will be averaged as to price and will be allocated among clients in proportion to the purchase and sale orders placed for each client account on any given day. In the event that the Firm becomes aware that a Firm employee seeks to trade in the same security on the same day, the employee transaction will either be included in the “batch” transaction or transacted after all discretionary client transactions have been completed. The Registrant shall not receive any additional compensation or remuneration as a result of such aggregation. Item 13 Review of Accounts A. For those clients to whom Registrant provides investment supervisory services, account reviews are conducted on an ongoing basis by the Registrant’s Principals and/or representatives. All investment supervisory clients are advised that it remains their responsibility to advise the Registrant of any changes in their investment objectives and/or financial situation. All clients (in person or via telephone) are encouraged to review financial planning issues (to the extent applicable), investment objectives and account performance with the Registrant on an annual basis. B. The Registrant may conduct account reviews on an other than periodic basis upon the occurrence of a triggering event, such as a change in client investment objectives and/or financial situation, market corrections and client request. C. Clients are provided, at least quarterly, with written transaction confirmation notices and regular written summary account statements directly from the broker-dealer/custodian and/or program sponsor for the client accounts. The Registrant may also provide a written periodic report summarizing account activity and performance. Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation A. As indicated at Item 12 above, Registrant can receive from Schwab (and others) without cost (and/or at a discount), support services and/or products. Registrant’s clients do not pay more for investment transactions effected and/or assets maintained at Schwab (or any other institution) as result of this arrangement. There is no corresponding commitment made by the Registrant to Schwab or any other entity to invest any specific amount or percentage of 19 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 client assets in any specific mutual funds, securities or other investment products as a result of the above arrangement. B. If a client is introduced to the Registrant by either an unaffiliated or an affiliated promoter, Registrant may pay that promoter a referral fee in accordance with the requirements of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and any corresponding state securities law requirements. Any such referral fee shall be paid solely from the Registrant’s investment advisory fee and shall not result in any additional charge to the client. If the client is introduced to the Registrant by an unaffiliated promoter, the promoter, at the time of the solicitation, is required to: disclose the nature of their promoter relationship, provide each prospective client with a copy of the Registrant’s written Brochure, Form CRS and a copy of the written disclosure statement from the promoter to the client disclosing the terms of the solicitation arrangement between the Registrant and the promoter, including the compensation to be received by the promoter from the Registrant. Item 15 Custody The Registrant shall have the ability to have its advisory fee for each client debited by the custodian on a quarterly basis. Clients are provided, at least quarterly, with written transaction confirmation notices and regular written summary account statements directly from the broker-dealer/custodian and/or program sponsor for the client accounts. The Registrant may also provide a written periodic report summarizing account activity and performance. To the extent that the Registrant provides clients with periodic account statements or reports, the client is urged to compare any statement or report provided by the Registrant with the account statements received from the account custodian. The account custodian does not verify the accuracy of the Registrant’s advisory fee calculation. Custody Situations: Registrant and/or certain of its members engage in other services and/or practices (i.e., bill paying, password possession, trustee service, etc.) requiring disclosure at Item 9 of Part 1 of Form ADV. These services and practices result in Registrant having custody under Rule 206(4)-2 of the Advisers Act. Per the Rule, having such custody requires Registrant to undergo an annual surprise CPA examination, and make a corresponding Form ADV-E filing with the SEC, for as long as Registrant provides such services and/or engages in such practices. In addition, certain clients have signed asset transfer authorizations that permit a qualified custodian to rely upon instructions from the Registrant to transfer client funds to “third parties.” In accordance with the guidance provided in the SEC Staff’s February 21, 2017 Investment Adviser Association No-Action Letter, the affected accounts are not subjected to an annual surprise CPA examination. The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding custody-related issues. Item 16 Investment Discretion 20 4895-5350-1518, v. 1 The client can determine to engage the Registrant to provide investment advisory services on a discretionary basis. Prior to the Registrant assuming discretionary authority over a client’s account, the client shall be required to execute an Investment Advisory Agreement, naming the Registrant as the client’s attorney and agent in fact, granting the Registrant full authority to buy, sell, or otherwise effect investment transactions involving the assets in the client’s name found in the discretionary account. Clients who engage the Registrant on a discretionary basis may, at any time, impose restrictions, in writing, on the Registrant’s discretionary authority (i.e. limit the types/amounts of particular securities purchased for their account, exclude the ability to purchase securities with an inverse relationship to the market, limit or proscribe the Registrant’s use of margin, etc.). Item 17 Voting Client Securities A. The Registrant does not vote client proxies. Clients maintain exclusive responsibility for: (1) directing the manner in which proxies solicited by issuers of securities beneficially owned by the client shall be voted, and (2) making all elections relative to any mergers, acquisitions, tender offers, bankruptcy proceedings or other type events pertaining to the client’s investment assets. B. Clients will receive their proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodian. Clients may contact the Registrant to discuss any questions they may have with a particular solicitation. Item 18 Financial Information A. The Registrant does not solicit fees of more than $1,200, per client, six months or more in advance. B. The Registrant is unaware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet its contractual commitments relating to its discretionary authority over certain client accounts. C. The Registrant has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition. The Registrant’s Chief Compliance Officer, Simone Gehner, remains available to address any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above disclosures and arrangements. 21 4895-5350-1518, v. 1