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SKYOAK CAPITAL, INC.
Client Disclosure Brochure
Form ADV, Part 2A
December 31, 2024
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of SkyOak Capital, Inc.
If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact SkyOak’s Chief Compliance
Officer, Beth Boyd, at 702-448-7474. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified
by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority.
SkyOak Capital, Inc. is an SEC-registered investment advisor. Registration of an Investment Advisor does
not imply a skill or training.
Additional information about SkyOak Capital, Inc. is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
6671 Las Vegas Blvd S, Suite 210
Las Vegas, Nevada, 89119
www.skyoak.com
Toll-Free 800.971.8070
REGISTERED INVESTMENT ADVISOR
Item 1
Cover Page
Item 2
Material Changes
This updated Form ADV Part 2A contains the following changes from the prior version:
Item 4 – Update to reflect current Assets Under Management
Item 4, 5 & 6 – Update to reflect removal of Private Fund Advisory Services and fees
Item 5 – Update to Private Wealth Manager and Family Office services fees
Item 10 – Update to reflect removal of affiliation to LVSI, LP and SkyOak Partners, LLC
Item 14 – Update to Client Referrals
Item 15 – Update to Custody of client funds
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At any time, you may view the current Disclosure Brochure on-line at the SEC’s Investment Adviser Public
Disclosure website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by searching with our firm name. You may also request a
copy of this Disclosure Brochure at any time, by contacting us at (800) 971-8070.
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Item 3
Table of Contents
Item 1
Cover Page ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Item 2 Material Changes ............................................................................................................................ 2
Item 3
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 3
Item 4
Advisory Business ............................................................................................................................ 4
Item 5
Fees and Compensation .................................................................................................................. 8
Item 6
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management ............................................................ 13
Item 7
Types of Clients ............................................................................................................................. 13
Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ...................................................... 13
Item 9
Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................................ 18
Item 10 Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ....................................................................... 18
Item 11 Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ................. 19
Item 12 Brokerage Practices ....................................................................................................................... 19
Item 13 Review of Accounts ....................................................................................................................... 23
Item 14 Client Referrals and Other Compensation .................................................................................... 24
Item 15 Custody ......................................................................................................................................... 24
Item 16
Investment Discretion ................................................................................................................... 24
Item 17 Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................................. 25
Item 18 Financial Information .................................................................................................................... 25
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Item 4
Advisory Business
About the Firm
SkyOak Capital, Inc., a Nevada Corporation (“SkyOak,” the “Firm,” or “Advisor”) is an investment advisor
registered with the SEC. SkyOak offers Private Wealth Management, Asset Management, and Corporate
Retirement Services.
The owner of the firm is Jennifer Davis. SkyOak is headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada; has a branch
office in Medford, Oregon; and a satellite location in San Francisco, California.
SkyOak was founded in 2010 and operated as a registered investment advisor until October 2018. At that
time, SkyOak entered into a combination transaction with another registered investment advisor,
resulting in the creation of a new investment advisor entity called SkyOak Wealth, LLC (“SOW”). The
Firm’s SEC registration was withdrawn. Subsequently, in May 2020, SkyOak re-registered as an
investment advisor registered with the SEC, which was completed on July 1, 2020.
As wealth management advisors, we provide a range of investment and planning solutions for individuals,
families, corporations, private funds, retirement funds, endowments and foundations. Our services are
described in greater detail below.
As of December 31, 2024, SkyOak has $196,298,536 of assets under management.
Private Wealth Management
Private Wealth Management is customized to each client based on their financial circumstances, current
and future income needs, investment objectives and risk profiles. Private Wealth Management services
offered by SkyOak include investment management services, financial planning, consulting, and/or family
office services to our clients. At the onset of a new client relationship, a member (or members) of our
team will meet with you to discuss your financial situation, review your investment holdings and gather
pertinent information about your circumstances. Based upon a review of this data and after understanding
your financial goals and needs, we will recommend an appropriate plan of action which might include the
following services: Investment Management Services, Financial Planning, Consulting and/or Family Office
Services. Our interactions with you will be ongoing and will include topics such as your current and
changing income or spending needs, current and future lifestyle changes or expectations, your risk
tolerance, your family situation, work-related expectations and other factors affecting your financial life
situation.
Investment Management Services
Our investment management services include investment and asset allocation strategy for your
investment portfolio. We will provide discretionary investment models and strategies that are consistent
with your stated investment objectives and risk tolerance. We will manage, monitor, rebalance and re-
allocate your investments on an ongoing basis in accordance with your objectives. We will conduct
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investment reviews with you to evaluate investment performance and to update your financial
circumstances as necessary. These investment reviews will generally run on an annual basis, but the
frequency can differ based on client preference.
Our investment management accounts are managed on a discretionary basis in accordance with their
objectives. Specific securities that are bought and sold, as well as dollar values and diversification, are
determined by us in each of the investment model portfolios that we manage. Each client will typically
end up with their own customized mix of a blended portfolio.
Financial Planning & Consulting Services
Central to our client engagement process, SkyOak provides comprehensive financial planning services
and/or project-based financial consultation services. While our planning services are typically integrated
into a client’s overall Private Wealth advisory service and included in our management fee, we also
provide similar planning-based services for a flat fee or on an hourly fee basis.
Unless provided in connection with the investment management services described above, clients
engaging SkyOak to provide financial planning or consultation services will generally be required to enter
into a separate written agreement with SkyOak setting forth the terms and conditions of the planning
engagement and describing the scope of the services to be provided. Financial planning/consultation
clients are not required to become investment management clients of the Firm.
The Firm’s financial planning/financial consultation-only clients retain absolute discretion over all their
own implementation decisions. These clients remain free to accept or reject any of the firm’s
recommendations. SkyOak might recommend its own investment management services or those of its
professional staff or other professionals to implement recommendations. Financial planning and
consultation clients are notified and advised that a potential conflict of interest does exist if the Firm
recommends its own investment management services to implement financial plan recommendations.
Moreover, if a client elects to act on any of the recommendations, the client is under no obligation to
transact the recommendations through SkyOak as the investment advisor.
Private Fund Investments
The Advisor provides investment advisory services with respect to unaffiliated and affiliated non-custodial
partnership/private fund investments, which are not held at the Primary Custodian. In such instances, the
Client shall be required to complete the applicable private placement and/or account opening documents
to establish these investments. The Advisor will debit its fee for providing investment advisory services
with respect to these relationships directly from a brokerage account designated by the Client held at the
Primary Custodian. For certain non-custodial partnership/private fund investments, the Advisor will not
receive quarter-end investment valuations prior to its fee billing calculation. In such instances, the Advisor
will use the most recent month-end or quarter-end valuation available for the calculation of investment
advisory fees. The Advisor will recalculate its fee upon receipt of final valuations. Adjustments are
reflected in the fee calculations for the next quarterly period.
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Family Office Services
Private Wealth Client and other sophisticated clients often need additional services and oversight due to
the complexity and generational planning for certain clients. Under the Family Office services, additional
services are offered such as philanthropic management, estate and wealth transfer, life management and
budgeting, specialized reporting of assets, risk management, asset protection and insurance services.
Clients will generally be required to enter into a separate written agreement with SkyOak setting forth
the terms and conditions of the engagement and describing the scope of the services to be provided.
Self- Directed IRA Services & Administration
SkyOak (sometimes the “Designated Representative”) offers Self-Directed IRA services to IRA account
holders who need assistance and/or expertise in facilitating transactions, opening a new account,
monitoring transactions and/or acting as a liaison between the custodian and account holder for routine
services.
SkyOak, as the Designated Representative:
• Will act only as the designated liaison between Account Holder and the Custodian and will be
limited to accessing account information only.
• Will not act as an investment advisor, trustee, sales agent, broker, accountant or attorney and
will not have power of attorney or discretion over the assets of the Account.
• Cannot direct the payment of invoices or billings from the assets of the Account or direct
payment of Account assets in any manner without the Account Holder’s written direction.
• Will not have the authority to make changes or to transact business on behalf of the
Account Holder. The Designated Representative will not take possession of the Account
Holder’s assets.
Self-Directed IRA services are governed by a separate agreement entered into by and between the IRA
Account holder and SkyOak as the Designated Representative.
Corporate Retirement Services
SkyOak and several of its advisors specialize in designing, implementing and managing corporate
retirement plans. Depending on your situation, a SkyOak advisor will consult with you, provide education
and information to you and recommend what they believe will best serve the needs of your organization
(i.e., finding the best plan(s) and platform for you and/or your company). SkyOak can be engaged as a
3(21) non-discretionary or 3(38) discretionary fiduciary advisor. SkyOak will often collaborate with other
providers such as record-keepers and third-party administrators in order to provide all necessary
elements of a more integrated solution and services to its corporate retirement clients.
ERISA Fiduciary Services offered by SkyOak:
• Development of an Investment Policy Statement (“IPS”). SkyOak will review plan objectives, risk
tolerance and goals of the plan with the plan sponsor. SkyOak will help the plan sponsor
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establish an investment policy statement to state the investment policies and objectives of the
plan. Plan sponsor will have the authority to adopt and implement the objectives and policies
for the plan.
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• Recommendations to Select Asset Classes. SkyOak will provide non-discretionary investment
advice with regard to different asset classes and investment options available to help the plan
fiduciary and/or plan administrators select asset classes and investment options consistent with
the investment goals and objectives of the plan.
Investment Strategy Review and Monitoring. SkyOak will conduct periodic due diligence and
provide information, reports and recommendations to assist the plan fiduciary in monitoring
and evaluating the performance of the investment options and asset allocations available in the
plan. SkyOak will also provide information and recommendations to the plan fiduciary or plan
administrators to remove or add investment options based on performance or other qualitative
measures.
ERISA Non-Fiduciary Services offered by SkyOak:
In addition to the above-described fiduciary services, SkyOak offers the following non-fiduciary services
solely in a capacity that is not considered a fiduciary under ERISA or any other applicable law:
• Plan Objectives and Design Options. SkyOak will assist the plan fiduciary in determining the
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plan objectives and structure of the plan. SkyOak will work with third party administrators for
the plan.
Investment Education. SkyOak will provide education for the plan fiduciary regarding asset
classes and types of investment strategies available to the plan. Educational services will be
general in nature and will not speak to the individual circumstances of plan participants.
SkyOak does not provide fiduciary advice to plan participants.
• Plan Development and Service Providers. SkyOak will assist the plan fiduciary in evaluating plan
service providers, including the selection and evaluation of a third-party administrator, if
necessary.
Other Information Related to our Advisory Services
In performing its services, SkyOak relies upon the information received from its clients or from their
professional legal and accounting advisors and is not able nor required to independently verify such
information. Clients must promptly notify us of any material changes in their financial situation or shift in
their investment objectives that would necessitate a review or revision by our advisors of the client’s
portfolio and/or financial plan.
As an investment advisory firm, we act as a fiduciary to our clients, meaning we owe them a duty and
obligation to put their needs ahead of our own.
To the extent any client is a retirement plan or other employee benefit plan subject to the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and depending on the investment
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management services provided by us, the Firm could be considered an ERISA Fiduciary.
We do not sponsor or provide portfolio management services to wrap fee programs offered by broker-
dealers or others.
Termination
Either party can terminate services by providing thirty (30) business days’ written notice. The Firm does
not assess any fees related to a termination but is entitled to all management fees earned up to the date
of termination. Any earned fees owed to SkyOak will be collected and billed against the client’s account
on a pro-rata basis as determined by the amount of time remaining in the calendar month or quarter.
Clients who terminate within five business days of entering into a written advisory agreement are
entitled to a full refund of any pre-paid fees. Any transaction costs charged by the executing broker or
custodian for establishing the custodial account or for trades occurring during those five days are non-
refundable.
Item 5
Fees and Compensation
As set forth below, client fees depend upon the scope of each client’s level of engagement. SkyOak offers
its services on a fee basis which can include any combination of the following:
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Investment Management Services based on the amount of investable assets under
management.
• Financial Planning or Financial Consultations based on a fixed, hourly or recurring fee.
• Personal Wealth Manager Services or Family Office Services based upon a percentage of assets
or net worth. This fee can be fixed and/or based on an hourly charge.
• Self-Directed IRA Services and Administration based on the amount of self-directed assets.
• Corporate Retirement Services based on the amount of plan assets under management.
• Other services fees which are more unique or one-off and depend upon the special needs of the
client. Each of these fees, if and when they arise, will be disclosed to clients.
Investment Management Services Fees
For its investment management services, SkyOak charges an annual fee based on a percentage of
investable assets under management. SkyOak’s annual investment management fee is prorated and
charged monthly, in advance, based upon the market value of the assets on the last day of the previous
monthly assessment date. For new accounts, SkyOak charges a fee based on the value of assets placed in
the account, prorated to the portion of the month during which the assets were under management by
the Firm.
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SkyOak’s Investment Management Fee Schedule Based on Market
Value of Client Assets Placed Under Management*
Under $1,000,0000
Next $1,000,000 up to $2,500,000
Annual Fee Rate
1.25% with a minimum
annual fee of $2,400
1.00%
Next $2,500,000 up to $10,000,000
0.80%
All Assets above $10,000,000
0.65%
Minimum Annual Fee
$2,400
Basic Financial Planning up to 20 hours a year is included in fee
Services provided for the above fees are for basic planning, investment advice, asset management, due
diligence, monitoring of investments, reporting of asset holdings, valuations and performance reviews.
The Investment Management and Service Agreement is effective as of the date signed by the client.
To the extent that a client authorizes the use of margin, and margin is thereafter employed by our
portfolio managers in the management of the client’s portfolio, the market value of the client’s account
and corresponding fee payable by the client to SkyOak could be increased. In addition to understanding
and assuming the additional principal risks associated with the use of margin, clients using margin are
advised of the potential conflicts of interest whereby the client’s decision to employ margin could
correspondingly increase the management fee payable to the Firm. Accordingly, the decision as to
whether to employ margin is at the sole discretion of client.
Financial Planning and Financial Consulting Services Fees
For its financial planning and other financial consultation services that are apart from or beyond its
investment management services, SkyOak charges fees that are dependent upon the complexity of a
client’s requirements, the number of meetings, client objectives and the extent to which outside
professionals are consulted for estate planning, accounting and other professional services. Fees are
assessed in accordance with the following schedule:
SkyOak’s Financial Planning & Financial Consulting Fee Schedule
Initial Financial Plan
$1,500- $10,000
Annual Retainer for Ongoing Financial Planning Engagement
50% of Initial Plan Cost
Hourly Financial Planning or Consulting
$300-$600 / Hour
Retainer Payable upon Commencement of Agreement
50%
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A retainer equal to 50% of the estimated fees is payable at the commencement of the financial planning
or other financial consultation. Ongoing fees are payable as invoiced and/or automatically charged
annually. Additional consulting services and fees will be governed by a separate agreement and no
charges will be assessed to the client without his or her consent. Client consent is effective as of the date
the client signs the agreement.
Private Wealth Manager Services & Family Office Services Fees
SkyOak’s Private Wealth Manager (PWM) and Family Office services fees are calculated as annual flat
fees, hourly fees, a percentage of net worth or as a combination of any of these fee calculation methods,
depending upon the services provided. We assess a minimum fee of $25,000 per year. Hourly and flat
fees are dependent upon the complexity of a client’s requirements, the number of meetings, client
objectives, services SkyOak is providing and the extent to which outside professionals are consulted for
estate planning, accounting and other professional services.
If a PWM or Family Office client seeks discretionary asset management by SkyOak in which SkyOak
actively manages or has discretion over trading and making investment decisions, there will be an
additional Investment Management Agreement & fee in addition to the PWM and Family Office services
fee above.
The PWM and Family Office services fee schedule is as follows:
Private Wealth Manager & Family Office Service Fee Schedule
Hourly Fee
$600/hour minimum
Fixed Annual Fee
$27,500 minimum
Percentage of Net Worth Fee
0.25 to 0.55%
Retainer Payable upon Commencement of Agreement
25% of estimated total cost
or annual fee
Minimum Fee
$27,500
Self-Directed IRA Services & Administration Fees
SkyOak, as Designated Representative, charges an annual self-directed IRA service fee based on a
percentage of assets being serviced by SkyOak at Account Holder’s custodian. SkyOak’s annual IRA service
fee is charged quarterly based upon the most recent custodian’s statement of the assets provided by
account holder. For new accounts, SkyOak prorates its fee to the portion of the calendar quarter during
which the assets were subject to SkyOak’s Service Agreement. The fee schedule is as follows:
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SkyOak’s Self-Directed IRA Standard Service Fee Schedule Based on
Custodian’s Statement Value
Annual Fee Rate
On the Market Value under $1,000,000
0.50%
On the Market Value from $1,000,000 to $2,000,000
0.40%
On the Market Value above $2,000,000
Negotiated
Minimum Fee
$800
Corporate Retirement Plans Fees
The Fee will be determined by reference to the value of assets held in custody by the Plan’s custodian and
will represent a pro rata portion of an annual fee. In addition, if client engages Advisor as a 3(38)
Discretionary Fiduciary, any additional fees associated with that service, as fully disclosed to and agreed
to by client, are included in this Asset Under Management (AUM) fee.
Our Corporate Retirement Plans Advisory fee is determined based upon factors such as, but not
limited to, the level of requested services, size of plan and level of fiduciary service. Fees are assessed
in accordance with the following schedule:
SkyOak’s Corporate Services Advisory Fee Schedule Based on
Market Value of Plan’s Assets Placed Under Management
Under $1,000,000 Assets Under Management
Annual Fee Rate
1.25%
On the next $1,000,000 to $5,000,000 Assets Under Management
1.00%
On above $5,000,000 to $10,000,000 Assets Under Management
0.75%
On above $10,000,000 to $20,000,000 Assets Under Management
0.50%
$20,000,000 and over
Negotiable
Minimum Fee
$5,000
Other Fees
C Commissions Earned. In the course of providing its financial planning or investment management
services, SkyOak expects to recommend insurance solutions through SkyOak’s insurance affiliate, SkyOak
Asset Protection Group, LLC (“SOAPG”). SkyOak principals and employees are licensed agents of SOAPG
and when SkyOak recommends an insurance product to a client, the applicable insurance issuer will pay a
commission-based fee to SOAPG and employees of SkyOak who are agents of SOAPG.
While SkyOak does not itself offer these investment programs and insurance products to its investment
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advisory clients, the Firm does permit, on a limited basis, and because of a pre-existing agreement with
some employees, independent contractors, and/or advisors who are registered representatives and/or
insurance agents, in their individual capacities as registered representatives or insurance agents, to sell
such securities or insurance products to its investment advisory clients and to receive customary
commissions and compensation in connection with those sales of insurance products. (Please see Item 10
below for additional disclosures regarding SOAPG.)
Custodian & Brokerage Fees. Clients incur certain charges imposed by their custodians and other third
parties such as, but not limited to, custodial fees, deferred sales charges, odd-lot differentials, transfer
taxes, wire transfer and electronic fund fees, and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and
securities transactions. Additionally, clients will incur charges by the executing broker-dealer in the form
of brokerage commissions and transaction fees on the investment transactions entered into for their
account(s). All of these charges, fees and commissions are in addition to Advisor’s investment
management fee. SkyOak does not receive any compensation from these additional fees.
Fund Disclosures & Fees. Mutual funds, closed-end funds, exchange traded funds and alternative
investment funds are investment vehicles. The investment strategies, objectives and types of securities
held by such funds vary widely. In addition to the advisory fee charged by SkyOak, clients indirectly pay for
the expenses and advisory fees charged by the funds in which their assets are invested.
All such funds incur operating expenses in connection with the management of the fund. Investment
funds pass some or all of these expenses through to their shareholders (the individual investors in the
funds) in the form of management fees. The management fees charged vary from fund to fund. In
addition, funds charge shareholders (individual investors in the funds) other types of fees such as early
redemption or transaction fees. These charges also vary widely among funds. As a result, clients will still
pay management fees and other, “indirect” fees and expenses as charged by each mutual fund (or other
fund) in which they are invested.
Clients are provided a copy of a fund prospectus for each fund in which they invest by their custodian or
by the fund sponsor rather than by SkyOak. As required by law, a prospectus represents the fund’s
complete disclosure of its management and fee structure. In addition, a fund’s prospectus can be
obtained directly from the fund.
Separately Managed Accounts. Within the investment allocation, SkyOak occasionally uses separately
managed accounts which sometimes are handled by an independent, third party professional money
manager (the “Manager”) and held at the custodian, Charles Schwab Institutional, unless specified
otherwise. In such cases, the client will enter into a separate fee arrangement with the Manager in which
clients will be charged by the Manager with whom their assets are invested. The Manager’s quarterly or
monthly fee will be deducted from the client’s account directly. This Manager fee is in addition to the
investment advisory fee charged by SkyOak.
Bond Disclosure. Clients whose assets are invested in bonds purchased directly from an underwriter or
various bond desks generally pay a sales credit or sales concession to the underwriter on the trade (in lieu
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of a sales commission) ranging from 0% - 2% of the par value of the bond.
General Fee Disclosures
We believe our investment management fees are competitive with the fees charged by other investment
advisors for comparable services. However, comparable services may be available from other sources for
lower fees than those charged by SkyOak.
The Advisor, in its sole discretion, has the ability to charge a lesser investment advisory fee, or a flat fee,
based upon certain criteria (i.e., anticipated future earning capacity, anticipated future additional assets,
dollar amount of assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, competition,
negotiations with client, etc.). The Advisor generally does not impose a minimum relationship size for
establishing a relationship. However, certain of the Advisor’s strategies require a minimum asset amount
to achieve optimal returns based on the needs of the client, which can be waived at the sole discretion
of the Advisor. Please Note: As result of the above, similarly situated clients could pay different fees. In
addition, similar advisory services may be available from other investment advisers for similar or lower
fees.
Item 6
Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management
SkyOak might recommend Investment Managers and investment funds, and private funds which assess a
performance-based fee. Such a recommendation to invest with an Investment Manager or investment fund
with a performance-based fee arrangement would be preceded by an assessment as to the suitability and
appropriateness of such an investment, relative to other similar investments, if any, which do not have a
performance-based fee arrangement.
Item 7
Types of Clients
The Advisor’s Clients shall generally include individuals, high net worth individuals, business entities,
pooled investment vehicles, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, and pension and profit-sharing
plans. The amount of each type of client is available on the Advisor's Form ADV Part 1A.
Item 8
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
METHOD OF ANALYSIS
The Advisor’s Investment Process encompasses three major areas:
1. Asset Allocation
2.
Investment Selection
3. Portfolio Construction
1.
Asset Allocation is the process for determining an asset allocation that is appropriate for an
investor, as well as considering how each asset class will fare in the intermediate term in relation to
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its long-term expectations. The first step is to define which asset classes exist and how to categorize
the world of investments. Asset classes must be unique, and investable for consideration. We
believe there are roughly 15 asset classes that exist today for sophisticated investors.
It is also important to classify these asset classes more broadly into groups that investors can
understand. We believe all asset classes serve one of three purposes: Growth, Preservation or
Inflation Protection. Any asset class can be classified in one of these categories. By using broad
categories that establish a clear goal and objective, we believe investors can better determine their
proper allocation among the three groups, and therefore have portfolios that better fit their risk
profile.
Investment Selection is the process of determining how to invest in each asset class. We
2.
primarily utilize an open architecture, in that we do not generally select individual securities within
our firm. Whenever possible, we build portfolios by selecting specialists or firms providing
specialized technical analysis who focus their research process on a specific area of the investment
marketplace or methodology. To invest our client portfolios, we typically utilize a combination of (a)
separately managed accounts and/or mutual funds utilizing active management organizations; (b)
model portfolios utilizing specific research and methodology consisting of individual stocks and/or
exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) and; (c) limited partnerships and/or pooled investment vehicles.
• Active Management Organizations. In researching an active management organization, we
look at investment firms in four parts: Organization, Investment Process, Performance, and
Operations. Our review of the organization is focused on determining whether the
organization is likely to impede the investment process over the life of our investment. We
seek to invest in firms that have positive attributes we prefer around ownership structure,
compensation, product distribution, capacity management and numerous other items. In
reviewing an investment process, we seek to understand the quality of the information the
manager possesses, how they have utilized that information, and how they make portfolio
decisions. This is a process that can review many individual investments over multiple years.
We then will review performance, which is essentially the result of the investment process.
Not all strong performance track records are the same, and we seek to understand in depth
how the manager has added value, and whether the nature of that added value is likely to
continue. Finally, we review the firm’s operational capabilities, in terms of their operational
policies and documents. In the case of Limited Partnerships, we conduct a review of the
operations to ensure we are comfortable with the custodian, administrator, auditor, as well
as other items.
Ongoing due diligence is a critical component of our recommended manager selection, and
it is necessary to continue to review all four aspects of our active managers on a forward-
looking basis. Please Note: While our ongoing due diligence includes client’s legacy
managers, we can undergo a more thorough level of due diligence of our recommended
managers. We continue to monitor the organization for any changes or signs of maturity or
decline. We analyze data regarding the portfolios, and how the portfolios change over time.
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For marketable investments, we review performance monthly, and based on the type of
investment will analyze performance drivers like attribution analysis on a quarterly basis. If
there are changes to any of the key attributes of our managers, we will make decisions
about continuing to use a manager in client portfolios and could lead us to termination or
redemption from an existing manager.
• Research & Subscriptions. For many of our client portfolios, we utilize a technical analysis
trading software called RAAMPS®. This Risk Averse Actively Managed Portfolio Strategy, or
“RAAMPS®”, is a highly sophisticated disciplined four-step process that screens, evaluates
and ranks, monitors and trades, and finally refreshes portfolios. Through our written
agreement with RAAMPS, we receive buy and sell signals daily on each model portfolio that
we subscribe to, which then are used to execute trades within client portfolios.
The RAAMPS process was created to deliver asset protection through actively managing the
risk of holding a particular stock or Exchange Traded Fund (“ETF”). RAAMPS® uses both
fundamental and technical analysis in its trading strategy. The RAAMPS process was
developed not as a “Buy and Hold” portfolio but rather as a group of actively managed
portfolio models providing buy and sell signals as the momentum in a particular company
and/or ETF increases or decreases. The program was built to treat cash as an asset which
does not need to be invested during a correction.
SkyOak currently subscribes to eleven different RAAMPS® strategies using unique stock
selection processes and screens.
3.
Portfolio Construction is a process that marries the asset allocation and investment
selection with the key attributes of the client. Doing our review process with a client, we will create
an investment strategy based on an allocation to our three major asset class buckets: 1) Growth, 2)
Preservation, or 3) Inflation Protection. Portfolio construction for a client will continue to be an
ongoing process making sure that as their needs and goals change over time, our portfolios change
as well.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY
We strive to provide customized solutions for our clients to align their wealth management with their
values, interests and goals. It is important that each investment portfolio is designed by taking into
consideration each client’s investment history, portfolio size, current and future income needs, time
horizon, risk tolerance and liquidity needs.
SkyOak offers advice regarding the above and is then authorized to effect securities transactions in
equities; municipal, government and corporate bonds; investment company products (i.e., mutual funds,
exchange-traded funds, closed-end funds) and Alternative Investments mentioned below. We also
provide insurance solutions where appropriate. SkyOak also provides advice about any type of investment
held in a client’s portfolio at the beginning of the advisory relationship.
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Depending on the client, we utilize a core-satellite approach to portfolio management which allows us to
blend our investment strategies to offer greater diversification while addressing changes in the global
economy. We view one of our primary roles as an investment advisor as that of risk manager.
Mitigating and balancing risk in client portfolios is achieved through careful evaluation of market trends,
by participation in markets when they are deemed to be favorable and by responding when trends shift
to become unfavorable. This is accomplished by attempting to seek out the best performing asset classes
and investment styles in any given market cycle. We try to be responsive to what the market is doing. We
do not attempt to guess what the market is going to do. SkyOak takes an active role in managing assets
with its actively managed strategies. Our core portfolios, which are not utilized with each client, are
designed to maintain a longer-term asset allocated exposure in a blended portfolio. Not all clients will
have a core allocation. Each core–satellite allocation is different and based upon each client’s risk
tolerance, preferences, goals and conditions as outlined above.
Alternative Investments
In addition to these types of investments the Firm also provides investment advice regarding alternative
investments to qualified clients for whom such investments are deemed suitable. These alternative
investments may include, but are not limited to, venture capital limited partnerships, private equity,
hedge funds such as the Fund, managed future funds, real estate, land, Real Estate Investment Trusts
(REITs), real assets and third-party funds.
The following list is not a complete list of all risks involved in connection with an investment in private
funds. A more comprehensive description of the risks associated with each such investment is included in
the respective fund’s governing documents.
INVESTMENT RISKS
All securities investments carry risk, including the risk that an investor could lose a part or all of his or her
initial investment. Risk refers to the uncertainty that the actual returns the investor realizes could differ
from the expected return. Risks can be systematic, referring to factors that affect the returns on all
comparable investments and that affect the market as a whole. Systematic risks include market risk,
interest rate risk, reinvestment rate risk, purchasing power risk and exchange rate risk. Unsystematic risks
depend on factors that are unique to the specific investment security. These risks include business risk
and financial risk. Here are some of the general risks associated with parts of our investment strategy:
Short-term purchases – On occasion, generally only for tax management purposes, we will buy or sell
securities in a client’s account and hold them for less than a year. Some of the risks associated with short-
term trading that could affect investment performance are increased commissions and transaction costs
to the account and increased tax obligations on the gains in a security’s value.
Bond Pricing – The price of bonds depends in part on the current rate of interest. Rising interest rates
decrease the current price of bonds because current purchasers require a competitive yield. As such,
decreasing interest rates increase the current value of bonds with an associated decrease in bond yield.
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We may decide to exchange to a lower or higher duration bond or to another asset class due to an
interest rate risk that could affect investment performance.
Inflation – Inflation is the loss of purchasing power through a general rise in prices. If an investment
portfolio is designed for current income with a real rate of return of 4% and inflation were to rise to 5% or
higher, the account would see a loss of purchasing power and create a negative real rate of return.
Price Fluctuation – Security prices do fluctuate (except for cash or cash equivalents); clients must accept
that risk associated with the fluctuations or change to a more appropriate investment portfolio in
alignment with their risk tolerance.
Model Risk – Investment models may not produce the results intended which may cause an investment
strategy to not meet its stated objective. As market dynamics (for example, due to changed market
conditions and participants) shift over time, a previously highly successful model could become outdated
or inaccurate, resulting in investment losses.
Reinvestment of Dividends – An investor can choose to reinvest interest, dividends and capital gains to
accumulate wealth. This may be an appropriate strategy for a portfolio designed for capital growth.
However, the reinvested earnings could result in a lower or a higher rate than was initially earned. In
SkyOak’s actively traded portfolios, we do not reinvest stock dividends; dividends are paid in cash to the
account as received.
Mutual Funds with Foreign Asset Holdings – Any investments in mutual funds that make foreign
investments are subject to the uncertainty of changes in the foreign currency value. The client generally
will bear more risk and might earn a substantially higher return or a substantially lower return.
Margin Trading – SkyOak does not advocate leverage as a part of its investment strategy. In rare cases,
and generally only for short term financing considerations, clients may elect to assume a margin balance
on their investment accounts. Schwab requires a percentage of assets under management to be pledged
as collateral for the margin amount. Clients risk that in a falling market, the pledged collateral may be
insufficient to cover a margin call by Schwab. Thus, all margin decisions are left to the client.
Alternative Asset Classes – Many alternative investments are illiquid, which means that the investments
can be difficult to trade. Consequently, such holdings limit a client's ability to dispose of such investments in
a timely manner and at an advantageous price.
Private Equities – SkyOak can purchase or recommend the inclusion of shares in non-publicly traded
equities in the accounts of accredited clients. These companies will generally have little available
information on their financial status, capital structure or revenues, resulting in increased risk of loss,
including total loss. In addition, these securities are highly illiquid or can experience losses of liquidity,
resulting in an inability to sell said equities or sales prices that are substantially below the purchase or
market price. SkyOak, unless otherwise expressly agreed, will value these positions at their purchase
price for any accounting purposes, which might not reflect gains or losses that would be realized if the
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position was sold. A particular risk is that SkyOak will base its account values for billing purposes on
these positions’ purchase prices (unless another methodology is agreed upon with the client), leading
to a potential motivation to overvalue said equities. Finally, it is possible that SkyOak will have clients
who are executives of said firms or have other financial relationships that create conflicts of interest.
Where such conflicts exist, SkyOak will disclose these conflicts in written format to the clients who
hold such securities or for whom we intend to purchase such securities under our discretion prior to
any transactions.
Item 9
Disciplinary Information
SkyOak has no disciplinary history and consequently is not subject to any disciplinary disclosures.
Item 10
Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Neither the Advisor, nor its Advisory Persons, are registered or have an application pending to register, as a
futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a commodity trading advisor, or a representative
of the foregoing.
SkyOak Asset Protection Group, LLC (“SOAPG”). Some of our advisory representatives are licensed as
insurance agents and will earn customary commissions should clients choose to purchase any insurance
products through them. We primarily place insurance products when they are part of a strategic asset
allocation solution for a client. Many times insurance products are necessary to help clients achieve their
stated goals. When we do offer insurance products, our advisory representatives offer them through
SOAPG. When advisory clients are offered or sold insurance products, a potential conflict of interest will
exist. Clients are advised that they are under no obligation to purchase insurance products from our
advisory representatives.
RAAMPS, LLC. RAAMPS, LLC is owned and was founded by Derek Davis, husband of Jennifer Davis, the
owner and CEO of SkyOak. RAAMPS, LLC is a research and technical analysis software firm that provides
algorithmic and quanta mental trading signals to SkyOak for some accounts utilizing portfolio models
powered by RAAMPS. These activities create a conflict of interest because when accounts utilize RAAMPS,
LLC services, SkyOak contractually pays a fee to RAAMPS, LLC. There is no difference to clients in the total
cost of fees paid to SkyOak directly whether accounts use the RAAMPS, LLC sub-advice or not. Should
clients elect to invest in a model powered by RAAMPS, Mr. Davis (as spouse of Mrs. Davis) will receive
compensation.
In addition to our disclosure obligation, we believe that these conflicts are addressed naturally through
our other obligations, including:
• Our duty to have a reasonable, independent basis for our investment advice;
• Our primary role as a fiduciary;
• Our duty to ensure that the advice we offer is appropriate, given your individual objectives,
needs and circumstances; and
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• Our duty to be loyal to clients.
Although we will from time to time refer our clients to other professionals such as attorneys or
accountants for estate planning, tax, or other matters, neither the Firm nor its principals or employees are
affiliated with any law or accountancy firm.
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client
Item 11
Transactions and Personal Trading
Associated persons are permitted to buy or sell securities for their own accounts. In most instances,
index-based securities are acceptable to trade in with few exceptions, given their size, volume and
linkage to an underlying index. In the case of a security in which our firm is actively investing in or
recommending on behalf of our clients, more stringent restrictions and limitations will apply. In no case
can an associated person transact in a manner that gives them a price or outcome advantage. As a firm
we seek to ensure that associated persons or their family members do not personally benefit in any way
from short-term market effects of recommendations or discretionary investments made for and on
behalf of our clients. If a violation is uncovered, corrective actions will be taken. If violations are
intentional, harsher disciplinary actions will be enforced which may result in the termination of an
employee.
Further, we have adopted a Code of Ethics to instruct our personnel of their ethical obligations and to
provide rules and guidelines governing their personal securities transactions. Our Firm and our personnel
owe a duty of loyalty, fairness and good faith to our clients. The obligation to adhere to these rules
includes not only to the specific provisions of the code but also to the general principles of our Code. Our
Code covers a range of topics including general ethical principles, reporting of personal securities trades,
exceptions to reporting securities trading, reportable securities, initial public offerings, private
placements and reporting ethical violations. We inform and educate our associates on the Code; we
review and enforce these rules to the best of our ability; we constantly monitor and amend when
necessary; and remain vigilant in our supervisory role. We will provide a copy of our Code of Ethics to any
client or prospective client upon request.
Item 12
Brokerage Practices
Broker/Dealer Selection
We recommend that clients establish brokerage accounts with either Schwab Institutional (“Schwab”),
our Primary Custodian, Capital Client Group, Equity Trust Company or Directed Trust Company, each of
which is a registered broker-dealer, to maintain custody of your assets and to effect trades for your
accounts.
We are independently owned and operated and not affiliated with those entities.
Charles Schwab
Charles Schwab through its Schwab Advisors Services (“Schwab”) provides SkyOak with access to its
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institutional trading and custody services, which are typically not available to Schwab retail investors. This
relationship creates an incentive to recommend Schwab because of the access it provides. These services
generally are available to independent investment advisors on an unsolicited basis, at no charge to them
as long as a total of at least $10 million of the advisor’s clients’ assets is maintained in accounts at
Schwab but are not otherwise contingent upon SkyOak committing to Schwab any specific amount of
business (in the form of either assets in custody or trading). Schwab’s services include brokerage,
custody, research and access to mutual funds and other investments that are otherwise generally
available only to institutional investors or would require a significantly higher minimum initial
investment.
Schwab makes available to us other products and services that benefit us but may not benefit your
accounts. Some of these other products and services assist us in managing and administering your
accounts. These include software and other technology that:
• Provide access to your account data (such as trade confirmations and account statements);
• Facilitate trade execution (and allocation of aggregated trade orders for multiple client
accounts);
• Provide research, pricing information and other market data;
• Facilitate payment of our fees from your accounts; and
• Assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting.
Many of these services generally may be used to service a substantial number of our accounts, including
accounts not maintained at Schwab.
Schwab also offers other services intended to help us manage and further develop our business
enterprise. These services generally include consulting, publications and conferences on practice
management, information technology, business succession, regulatory compliance and marketing. In
addition, Schwab may make available, arrange and/or pay for these types of services rendered to us by
independent third parties. Schwab may discount or waive fees it would otherwise charge for some of
these services or pay all or part of the fees of a third-party providing these services to us.
We endeavor to act in your best interest. Our recommendation that you maintain your assets at Schwab
is based in part on the benefit to us of the availability of some of the foregoing products and services and
not solely on the nature, cost or quality of custody and brokerage services provided by Schwab. This
creates a conflict of interest.
Directed Brokerage
Clients may select another custodian. Not all advisers would require or suggest that you use a particular
custodian. If you choose a different custodian, we expect not be able to achieve the most favorable
execution of transactions. It may cost you more or less money. In particular, you may pay higher
brokerage commissions or receive less favorable prices. The method of pricing custodial fees differs from
Schwab, Capital Client Group, Equity Trust Company and Directed Trust Company; although they are
comparable in overall cost, the calculation methods are different. You should consider those factors as
they relate to your individual decision to select one custodian over another. Information about the
various fees associated with custody and trading are available from Schwab, Capital Client Group, Equity
Trust Company and Directed Trust Company as detailed in their custodial agreements and/or account
opening documents. Clients who direct brokerage should understand that similar brokerage services may
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be obtained from other broker-dealers at lower costs and possibly with more favorable execution.
In a limited number of cases, clients may direct SkyOak to place all orders for securities transactions with
a specific broker-dealer (directed brokerage). In these cases, SkyOak is not obligated to, and will
generally not, solicit competitive bids for each transaction or seek the lowest commission rates for the
client. As such, the client may pay higher commission costs, higher security prices and higher transaction
costs than it otherwise would have had it not directed SkyOak to trade through a specific broker. In
addition, the client may be unable to obtain the most favorable price on transactions executed by
SkyOak as a result of SkyOak’s inability to aggregate/bunch the trades from this account with other
client trades.
As a result of the special instruction, SkyOak may not execute client securities transactions with brokers
that have been directed by clients until non-directed brokerage orders are completed. Accordingly, clients
directing brokerage may not generate returns equal to clients that do not direct brokerage.
Due to these circumstances, there may be a disparity in commission rates charged to a client who directs
SkyOak to use a particular broker and performance and other differences from other similarly managed
accounts.
Best Execution
We endeavor to obtain the most favorable execution for each transaction executed on behalf of client
accounts. We are not obligated to obtain the best net price or lowest brokerage commission on any
particular transaction.
When selecting broker-dealers, our objective is to obtain best execution. The expected transaction costs,
commissions, and custodial fees are principal factors, but the selection also considers the ease of doing
business, the custodian’s reliability and financial security, and the services provided by the custodian.
Based upon an evaluation of these factors, SkyOak will seek competitive pricing but may execute client
trades through broker-dealers that charge fees that are higher than the lowest available fees. SkyOak may
select broker-dealers whose fees are greater than those charged for similar investments if SkyOak
determines that brokerage services and research materials provided by that broker-dealer warrant the
payment of higher fees and will provide the overall best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the
full range of a broker-dealer’s services, including among others, net price, reputation, financial strength and
stability, efficiency of execution and error resolution, the size of the transaction and the market for the
security.
SkyOak reviews transaction results periodically to determine the quality of execution provided by the
various broker-dealers through which SkyOak executes transactions on behalf of clients.
Soft Dollar Arrangements and Other Conflicts
SkyOak is not a party to any soft dollar arrangements. A soft dollar arrangement is an agreement through
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which an executing broker agrees to provide or pay for research or brokerage services, based on the use
of brokerage commissions earned from client trades.
As noted above in this section regarding Schwab, Capital Client Group, Equity Trust Company and Directed
Trust Company, on occasion, we receive research or discounts on software from our custodians. These
discounts are typically offered to firms who fit a common profile. We do not receive these discounts
because of a particular event or request. Such discounts are accepted with the intent to benefit all clients,
and the value of these discounts is not considered in the process of selecting securities to purchase for
client accounts.
Aggregation of Trades and Potential Conflicts
We frequently combine orders into block trades when more than one account is participating in the trade
as is often the case with our discretionary accounts. This blocking or bunching technique is designed to be
fair and equitable to all clients and all advisors. We engage in block trading when it is consistent with our
duty to seek best execution and is in compliance with the terms of our investment advisory agreements.
In most cases, when dealing with discretionary accounts, trades are likely to be, but not always, placed in
a block order derived from our assessing the number of shares required to buy or sell on behalf of our
client(s) to bring their account(s) into balance of their selected investment model or models (for example,
client accounts not managed in a SkyOak investment model are generally not part of block trades). Our
associated person’s trades may be included in these block trades as long as the details of their inclusion is
included prior to the execution of the order, thus including their allocation on a pre- trade basis.
Equity trades are executed as a block trade based upon fairness to client, both in the participation of
their account, and in the allocation of orders for the accounts of more than one client. Allocations of all
orders are performed in a timely and efficient manner. All managed accounts participating in a particular
block execution receive the same execution price (average share price) for the securities purchased or
sold in a trading day. There may be situations in which multiple custodians are sent block trade
instructions at approximately the same time, but are then executed at different times by the custodian.
As a result, different execution prices could be possible.
Any portion of an order that remains unfilled at the end of a given day may be re-entered on the following
day as a new order with a new daily average price to be determined at the end of that following day. The
key oversight mechanism in our block trading practice is the pre-designation of the allocation of shares for
all parties.
During the course of the trading day, non-block orders or individual orders may become necessary in
certain situations. We restrict our associates to front run any block orders, but there are times in which
independent orders may come at different times and at different prices. Our intent is to track all such
situations and transactions either prospectively or retrospectively. We feel that prospective permission is
untenable and could actually disadvantage a client who is intending to act on an intraday price
movement in a stock. These situations arise rarely, and we are constantly monitoring them.
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Because we have multiple advisors who manage accounts, trades in the same security may occur on the
same day or in a series of days at different prices given the market at the moment each trade is executed.
You are advised that this may occur.
Allocation of Opportunities and Potential Conflicts
Due to the low liquidity of certain securities, position and pricing availability may be limited. Open limit
orders are worked until they are either completely filled, partially filled, or canceled. This may span the
course of several days.
•
•
•
If an order is filled in its entirety, securities purchased in the aggregated transaction will be
allocated among the accounts participating in the trade in accordance with the allocation
statement.
If an order is partially filled, the securities will be allocated pro rata based on the allocation
statement. We have the ability to allocate trades in a different manner than indicated on the
allocation statement (non-pro rata) only if all managed accounts receive fair and equitable
treatment. It is our policy, to the greatest extent practicable, to allocate investment
opportunities over a period of time on a fair and equitable basis relative to all clients.
In the event of an order not being fully filled or being terminated for any variety of reasons, we
will seek to allocate shared on a pro-rata basis or depending on the reason for the terminated
order, may move to subsequently fill it and apply the same average pricing methodology. The
Firm is not obligated to acquire for any client account any security that the Firm or its owners,
officers, employees or affiliated persons may acquire for their own accounts or for the account
of any other client.
Important Note about Trade Errors
In the event a trade error occurs, the trade error will be corrected. We will rectify the error and ensure
the account is not disadvantaged. In the event the error results in a gain, the gain will not be retained by
the advisor or client and will instead be given by the custodian to charity.
Item 13
Review of Accounts
Accounts are generally reviewed with clients no less than annually for time horizon, goals, and
objectives by the Advisory Representative working with the account. Additional reviews can be
triggered by client requests or extreme market conditions. Reviews are done in person or over the
phone and do not necessarily include any written reports to clients.
Clients who have selected financial planning and consulting services will receive ongoing financial analysis
only as requested by the client and as agreed to by SkyOak.
Clients receive reports from SkyOak no less than annually that includes relevant account and/or market-
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related information such as an inventory of account holdings and performance. Clients also receive
monthly statements from the custodian of their account(s) showing all holdings, contributions,
withdrawals and other activities to their accounts. Clients are advised to regularly compare the reports
received from SkyOak with the statements received from the custodian to verify holdings.
Item 14
Client Referrals and Other Compensation
From time to time, the Advisor may engage independent promoters to provide client referrals. If a client
is referred to us by a promoter, this practice is disclosed to the client in writing by the promoter and the
Advisor pays the promoter out of its own funds—specifically, the Advisor generally pays the promoter a
portion of the advisory fees earned for managing the capital of the client or investor that was referred.
The use of promoters is strictly regulated under applicable federal and state law. The Advisor’s policy is
to fully comply with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-1, under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as
amended and effective May 4, 2021 (with compliance by November 4, 2022) (the “Advertising Rule”),
and similar state rules, as applicable.
Item 15
Custody
SkyOak does not physically possess client funds or securities. If funds or securities are inadvertently
received by SkyOak, they are returned to the sender within three business days of receipt.
In addition, SkyOak is deemed to have limited custody of client funds to the extent that SkyOak deducts
fees from your accounts. Your qualified custodian maintains actual custody of your assets and will send
quarterly account statements directly to you. Those statements show the deduction of your advisory
fee. You should carefully review those statements and should contact us promptly if you identify any
errors.
Additionally, if the client gives the Advisor authority to move money from one account to another
account, the Advisor could be deemed to have custody of those assets. In order to avoid additional
regulatory requirements in these cases, the Custodian and the Advisor have adopted safeguards to
ensure that such money movements are completed in accordance with the client’s instructions.
Item 16
Investment Discretion
For our investment management accounts, we request that you give us discretionary authority to
manage your accounts by signing a written power of attorney built into your advisory agreement. This
discretion includes the ability to make decisions to purchase or sell securities without consulting you,
the client. You may place reasonable restrictions on specific securities that we purchase or sell.
Subject to the Firm’s investment strategy and the client’s investment objectives, our portfolio
managers are given full discretion to determine:
• Types of investments;
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• Which securities to buy;
• Which securities to sell;
• The timing of any buys and sells;
• The amount of securities to buy or sell; and
• The broker-dealer to be used in the discretion.
This discretion is limited by client investment guidelines and by any investment restrictions set by the
client.
Item 17
Voting Client Securities
We do not vote proxies on your behalf. You retain that right unless you make other arrangements with
the custodian of your assets. You will receive proxies or other solicitations directly from the custodian of
your assets. You may contact us with questions about proxies.
Item 18
Financial Information
We have no financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet contractual
commitments to you. We have not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time.
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