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Client Brochure
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Siharum Advisors, LLC. If
you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (617) 428-7500 or by email at:
Siharumops@managerfirst.com. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United
States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority. Siharum Advisors, LLC
is a registered investment adviser with the SEC.
Additional information about Siharum Advisors, LLC is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Siharum Advisors, LLC’s CRD number is: 147957
10 High Street, Suite 302
Boston, Massachusetts, 02110
(617) 428-7500
www.managerfirst.com
Siharumops@managerfirst.com
Registration with the SEC does not imply or require a certain level of skill or training.
Version Date: March 7th, 2025
Item 2: Material Changes
Siharum Advisors, LLC (the “Advisor” or “Siharum”) filed its prior Form ADV Part 2A on August
26th, 2024. This is an annual updating amendment where Item 4E has been updated for assets under
management.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 2: Material Changes ........................................................................................................................................ i
Item 3: Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................... ii
Item 4: Advisory Business ......................................................................................................................................1
A. Description of the Advisory Firm ................................................................................................................1
B. Types of Advisory Services ...........................................................................................................................1
Investment Philosophy and Process .............................................................................................................1
Services Limited to Specific Types of Investments .....................................................................................2
Other Services ..................................................................................................................................................2
C. Client Tailored Services and Client Imposed Restrictions ........................................................................2
D. Wrap Fee Programs ........................................................................................................................................2
E. Advisory Assets ...............................................................................................................................................3
Item 5: Fees and Compensation .............................................................................................................................3
A. Fee Schedule ....................................................................................................................................................3
Investment Consulting Fees ...........................................................................................................................3
Discretionary Investment Management Fees ..............................................................................................4
Third-Party Investment Manager Fees .........................................................................................................4
Other Fees .........................................................................................................................................................5
B. Payment of Fees ...............................................................................................................................................5
Payment of Investment Consulting Fees ......................................................................................................5
Payment of Discretionary Investment Management Fees .........................................................................5
Payment of Other Fees ....................................................................................................................................5
C. Clients Are Responsible For Third-Party Fees ...........................................................................................5
D. Prepayment of Fees ........................................................................................................................................5
E. Outside Compensation For the Sale of Securities to Clients .....................................................................5
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ....................................................................6
Item 7: Types of Clients ..........................................................................................................................................6
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of Loss............................................................6
A. Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies ..................................................................................6
Methods of Analysis ........................................................................................................................................6
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Investment Strategies ......................................................................................................................................7
B. Material Risks Involved ...........................................................................................................................7
General Investment Risks ...............................................................................................................................8
Risks Related to Investments in Private Equity Funds ..............................................................................9
C.
Risks of Specific Securities Utilized ......................................................................................................10
Item 9: Disciplinary Information .........................................................................................................................10
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .........................................................................11
A.
Registration as a Broker/Dealer or Broker/Dealer Representative ................................................11
Registration as a Futures Commission Merchant, Commodity Pool Operator, or a Commodity
B.
Trading Advisor ................................................................................................................................................11
C.
Related Person Arrangements and Conflicts of Interest ...................................................................11
D.
Third-Party Investment Managers and Compensation Arrangements ..........................................11
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ...............12
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................................................13
A.
Factors Used to Select Custodians and/or Broker/Dealers..............................................................13
Custodians and/or Broker/Dealers ...........................................................................................................13
Research and Other Soft-Dollar Benefits ....................................................................................................13
Brokerage for Client Referrals .....................................................................................................................14
Directed Brokerage ........................................................................................................................................14
B. Aggregating (Block) Trading for Multiple Client Accounts .............................................................15
Item 13: Review of Accounts ................................................................................................................................15
A.
Frequency and Nature of Periodic Reviews ........................................................................................15
B.
Factors That Will Trigger a Non-Periodic Review of Client Portfolios ...........................................15
C. Content and Frequency of Regular Reports Provided to Clients .....................................................15
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation ..........................................................................................16
Economic Benefits Provided by Third Parties for Advice Rendered to Clients (Includes Sales
A.
Awards or Other Prizes) ...................................................................................................................................16
B.
Compensation to Non –Advisory Personnel for Client Referrals ....................................................16
Item 15: Custody ....................................................................................................................................................16
Item 16: Investment Discretion ............................................................................................................................17
Item 17: Voting Client Securities (Proxy Voting) ..............................................................................................17
Item 18: Financial Information .............................................................................................................................18
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A.
Balance Sheet ...........................................................................................................................................18
B.
Financial Conditions Reasonably Likely to Impair Ability to Meet Contractual Commitments to
Clients ..................................................................................................................................................................18
C.
Bankruptcy Petitions in Previous Ten Years .......................................................................................18
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Item 4: Advisory Business
A. Description of the Advisory Firm
Siharum Advisors, LLC (“Siharum” or “Advisor”), founded on May 30, 2008, is a
privately-owned investment adviser registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission. The firm is organized as a Delaware Limited Liability Company. The
firm’s CEO, President, and majority owner, Bala Cumaresan, has primary responsibility
for the investment and business activities of the firm. He also serves as the Chief
Compliance Officer and oversees the compliance and controls infrastructure of the firm.
The firm has in place an elected Board of Directors that is responsible for the overall
corporate governance of the firm.
B. Types of Advisory Services
Siharum offers investment advisory services on either a discretionary or consulting basis
to high-net-worth individuals, pension and profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates and
charitable organizations. Client relationship asset levels generally range between $1M
and $100M. Investment advisory services to client securities accounts (“Portfolios”) are
provided pursuant to a written investment advisory agreement (“Agreement”).
Investment Philosophy and Process
At the core of Siharum’s approach is its “open-architecture” framework and third-party
investment manager evaluation, selection and on-going monitoring. Under Siharum’s
own Manager First® approach, the process starts with the identification of high-quality
managers irrespective of asset class or style categorization. Actively managed or passive
(index) products offered by these managers are then selectively combined to create a
holistic portfolio that is customized to the specific investment objectives of the client and
thoughtfully diversified across multiple dimensions such as asset classes, liquidity
profiles, regions, investment styles and underlying portfolio compositions. This
philosophy applies to both discretionary and consulting clients.
1. Investment Consulting
Under this type of relationship, Siharum is engaged to review and provide on-
going investment advice and recommendations in accordance with its overall
firm philosophy and based on the client’s return and risk objectives and service
requirements as documented in a written Agreement. This is a customized
service that is offered to clients with Portfolio assets typically in excess of $20
million. Siharum does not have the discretion to make changes to the client
Portfolios under these arrangements, unless express written consent and
authorization is provided by the client for each transaction.
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2. Discretionary Investment Management
These arrangements are typically for clients with Portfolio assets in the
$2.5 million to $20 million range. Here, Siharum is provided with trading
discretion pursuant to written authorization from the client. The client’s Portfolio
is managed, serviced, and monitored on an on-going basis pursuant to a written
Agreement. This Agreement includes a customized Statement of Investment
Objectives which documents the client’s investment objectives, risk tolerances,
time horizon/liquidity profile and tax considerations.
Services Limited to Specific Types of Investments
Siharum typically invests client assets with third-party investment managers whose
investment products include comingled investment vehicles such as mutual funds,
exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), REITs, hedge funds, private equity funds, other pooled
funds, and limited partnerships. Client assets may also be invested in third-party
investment manager separately managed accounts (which may invest in a variety of
equity, fixed income, and derivative securities.)
Siharum may, on a limited basis, use other types of instruments to properly diversify a
Portfolio.
Other Services
In limited cases, Siharum or a principal of Siharum may also agree to act as a trustee to a
client, which is a trust, or to a trust affiliated with a client.
C. Client Tailored Services and Client Imposed Restrictions
Siharum’s investment philosophy applies to all its clients, however, client specific profiles
and/or restrictions are used to construct a customized investment program which will
guide the selection of Portfolio investments or Portfolio recommendations.
Clients may request that Siharum limit investments of certain securities or types of
securities in accordance with their values or beliefs or for other reasons. Any such
restrictions must be discussed, documented, and agreed to in writing by Siharum. If the
proposed restrictions would, in the sole opinion of Siharum, prevent the firm from
properly servicing the client, or properly investing the Portfolio, or if the restrictions
would require Siharum to deviate significantly from its standard suite of services,
Siharum reserves the right to decline the requested restrictions.
D. Wrap Fee Programs
Siharum does not sponsor or participate in any wrap fee programs.
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E. Advisory Assets
Siharum had assets under advisory totaling $589,886,040 as of December 31, 2024.
Valuation Date:
Investment Consulting
Assets:
Discretionary
Investment
Management
Assets:
$441,411,896
$148,474,144
12/31/2024
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
A. Fee Schedule
Investment Consulting Fees
Standard Fee Schedule
Total Portfolio Assets
Annualized Fee Rate
First $25,000,000
0.50%
Next $25,000,000
0.40%
Next $50,000,000
0.30%
Over $100,000,000
Negotiable
The minimum Portfolio size for investment consulting services is typically $20 million.
This minimum is, however, subject to negotiation and may be waived by Siharum at its
sole discretion. The fee schedule may also be subject to negotiation at Siharum’s sole
discretion and may include fixed fee arrangements. Fees are agreed upon in writing and
documented in the Agreement. Fees are typically invoiced to clients quarterly and in
advance, but not more than six months in advance. Fees are typically due within 30 days
of receipt of invoice. Fees may be withdrawn directly from the client’s Portfolio subject
to the client’s written authorization.
Fees that are charged in advance will be pro-rated based on days and refunded (in
accordance with the Agreement) in the event an Agreement is terminated within a period
that has been prepaid. Such refunds will be processed promptly.
Clients typically may terminate their Agreement with 30 days advance written notice.
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Discretionary Investment Management Fees
Standard Fee Schedule
Total Portfolio Assets
Annualized Fee Rate
First $5,000,000
1.00%
Next $5,000,000
0.90%
Next $10,000,000
0.75%
Over $20,000,000
0.50%
Standard Fee Schedule (Active Beta Strategies Only)
Total Portfolio Assets
Annualized Fee Rate
First $5,000,000
0.60%
Next $5,000,000
0.50%
Next $10,000,000
0.40%
Over $20,000,000
0.30%
The minimum Portfolio size for discretionary investment management services is
typically $2.5 million. This minimum is, however, subject to negotiation and may be
waived by Siharum at its sole discretion. The fee schedule may also be subject to
negotiation at Siharum’s sole discretion. Fees are agreed upon in writing and documented
in the Agreement. Fees are typically invoiced quarterly in arrears and are pro-rated for
partial periods. Fees are typically due within 30 days of receipt of invoice. Advisory fees
may be withdrawn directly from the client’s Portfolio subject to the client’s written
authorization. Clients typically may terminate their Agreement with 30 days advance
written notice.
Third-Party Investment Manager Fees
As described previously, Siharum typically allocates client assets to various third-party
investment manager comingled investment products and/or separately managed
accounts. Siharum does not receive any compensation (fees or commissions) from such
third-party investment managers. Clients will bear any fees associated with such third-
party investment manager products, in addition to the fees charged by Siharum as
described above. Siharum does not recommend or allocate any client assets to investment
products that are affiliated with the firm.
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Other Fees
Additional fees may be charged where Siharum or a principal provides trustee services.
Such fees will be negotiated on a case-by-case basis.
B. Payment of Fees
Payment of Investment Consulting Fees
Investment consulting fees may be paid via check or wire transfers. Fees may also be
withdrawn directly from the client’s Portfolio subject to the client’s written authorization.
See also Item 5A above.
Payment of Discretionary Investment Management Fees
Discretionary investment management fees may be withdrawn directly from the client’s
Portfolio subject to the client’s written authorization for such withdrawal. Fees may also
be paid by check or wire transfers. See also Item 5A above.
Payment of Other Fees
Trustee services fees may be withdrawn directly from the client’s account subject to
the client’s written authorization for such withdrawal. Fees may also be paid by check
or wire transfers. See also Item 5A above.
C. Clients Are Responsible For Third-Party Fees
Clients are responsible for the payment of all third-party fees (i.e., custodian and
administration fees, third-party investment manager product fees, transaction fees, etc.).
Those fees are separate and distinct from the fees charged by Siharum. Please refer to
Item 12 of this brochure for information on brokerage practices.
D. Prepayment of Fees
Fees that are charged in advance will be pro-rated based on days and refunded promptly
in the event an Agreement is terminated within a period that has been prepaid.
E. Outside Compensation For the Sale of Securities to Clients
Siharum does not receive any outside compensation for the sale of securities or other
investment products (comingled or separately managed) to clients.
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Item 6: Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Siharum does not charge performance-based fees or similar fees based on a share of capital gains
or based on capital appreciation of the Portfolio of a Client. Siharum’s fees are described in Item
5.
Item 7: Types of Clients
Siharum generally provides investment consulting and/or discretionary investment
management services to the following types of clients:
Individuals and High-Net-Worth Individuals
Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans
Trusts, Estates, Endowments and Charitable Organizations
The minimum Portfolio size for investment consulting services is typically $20 million. The
minimum Portfolio size for discretionary investment management services is typically $2.5
million. These minimums are subject to negotiation and may be waived by Siharum at its sole
discretion.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies, and Risk of
Loss
A. Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
Methods of Analysis
Manager First Approach: At the core of this approach is Siharum’s “open-architecture”
framework and third-party investment manager evaluation, selection, and on-going
monitoring. Unlike a “modern portfolio theory” based approach, with Siharum’s own
Manager First® approach, the process starts with the identification of high-quality
managers irrespective of asset class or style categorization. Products offered by these
managers are then selectively combined to create a holistic portfolio that is customized
to the specific investment objectives of the client and thoughtfully diversified across
multiple dimensions such as asset classes, liquidity profiles, regions, investment styles
and underlying portfolio compositions.
Siharum engages in a comprehensive and thorough due diligence review, consisting of
both quantitative screens and qualitative assessments, of third-party investment
managers and their relevant products prior to inclusion of such products in the firm’s
approved list of products. In addition to a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the
third-party investment manager’s long-term track record (including risk adjusted
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returns and portfolio characteristics), such due diligence reviews typically include an
on-site visit and an evaluation of the manager’s organizational structure, quality of
personnel, firm stability, operational infrastructure, internal controls and compliance
framework and regulatory history.
Active Beta Strategies: For these strategies, Siharum strives to identify low-cost index or
index-like third-party products with sufficient liquidity to construct portfolios. Similar
to the Manager First® approach described above, these index or index-like products are
selectively combined to create a holistic portfolio that is customized to the specific
investment objectives of the client and thoughtfully diversified across multiple
dimensions such as asset classes, liquidity profiles, regions, investment styles and
underlying portfolio compositions.
Siharum does not recommend directly purchasing individual securities such as stocks,
bonds, etc. Legacy individual security positions in client Portfolios are generally
liquidated at the discretion of Siharum over time and resulting proceeds duly
redeployed pursuant to Siharum’s philosophy and agreed-upon client investment
objectives.
Investment Strategies
Siharum primarily uses fundamental analysis of various asset categories to develop its
timeframe-based asset allocation framework for both its Manager First® Approach and
its Active Beta strategies. Broadly speaking, Siharum employs long-term, intermediate-
term, and short-term focused portfolio strategies to meet client investment objectives.
Associated with each strategy are asset allocation targets that are consistent with the
overall risk and return objectives for each strategy and client specific investment
objectives. Allocations are driven by the investment judgment and insight of Siharum.
B. Material Risks Involved
Siharum’s long-term investment strategy is designed to earn returns in excess of inflation
over 10+ years. Because of the long-term focus, Portfolios may be subject to short and
intermediate term volatility and therefore, loss of Portfolio value. In addition, in some
instances Portfolios will hold illiquid assets, creating an additional level of risk. The loss
of purchasing power is another potential longer-term risk of this strategy.
While intermediate-term investment strategies are less volatile, they also exhibit the risk
of loss of value in the short and intermediate time frame. In addition, purchasing power
erosion is a potential risk of this strategy.
Short-term investment strategies exhibit the least volatility risk relative to the strategies
described above. However, this strategy does not seek to maintain the purchasing power
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of the assets and therefore, has a high level of risk that the Portfolio value will not keep
pace with inflation.
General Investment Risks
Investing in securities involves substantial risks including the possibility of a complete
loss of principal or the original amount invested. Investments are not insured by the
government or other entities to protect against market losses. Each client is responsible
for bearing the entire risk of potential losses in the Portfolio.
Various environmental factors such as exchange control regulations, tax law changes,
political and economic developments and government and monetary policies could also
adversely affect a client’s Portfolio. There can be no assurance that a specific investment
or investment program will achieve its investment objectives. Moreover, past
performance is not a guarantee of future returns.
Clients may be exposed to the risks associated with any equity investment strategy.
Equity markets are volatile, and overall movements in the equity markets may result in
losses to clients. Losses may also be incurred on individual positions as a result of issuer-
specific matters such as unexpectedly disappointing earnings, lawsuits, analyst action or
other matters. Equity returns may fluctuate substantially over time.
Clients may also be exposed to the risks associated with any fixed income investment
strategy. The risks of credit investments may include (among others): (i) limited liquidity
and secondary market support, (ii) the possibility that earnings and/or cash flow of the
obligor may be insufficient to meet its debt service, (iii) the declining creditworthiness and
potential for insolvency of the borrower during periods of economic downturn, (iv)
spread compression over the reference interest rate available for reinvestment during any
period in which prepayments are received, and (v) if the investment is subordinated,
subordination to the prior claims of other loans or senior lenders. Credit investments are
generally subject to market value volatility that may not be apparent from historical
volatility studies and that could be significant at times. An economic downturn could
severely disrupt the market for loans and bonds and adversely affect the ability of the
borrowers to repay principal and interest. Moreover, defaults may prove to be greater
than indicated by historical data and the timing of defaults may vary significantly from
historical observations.
Clients may have exposure to non-U.S. securities. Investing in securities of non-U.S.
governments and companies involves risks not typically associated with investing in
securities of the U.S. Government or U.S. companies. These considerations include
changes in exchange rates and exchange control regulations, political and social
instability, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes, less liquid markets and less
available information than is generally the case in the U.S., higher transaction costs,
foreign government restrictions, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and
issuers, greater risks associated with counterparties and settlement, difficulty in enforcing
contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater
price volatility. In addition, accounting and financial reporting standards that prevail
outside of the U.S. generally are not as high as U.S. standards and, consequently, less
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information is typically available concerning companies located outside of the U.S. than
for those located in the U.S. These factors may expose clients to losses.
Risks Related to Investments in Private Equity Funds
Clients may have exposure to private equity funds. Investments in private equity funds
involve a high degree of risk and are suitable only for persons of significant financial
means who have no need for liquidity in their investment and can afford to lose their
entire investment. The returns on any given private equity fund can vary widely and be
materially impacted by such factors as the specific strategy, the timing of when the fund
launches and makes its investments, inflation, the performance of the U.S. or global
economy, government actions, pandemics, and numerous other factors, many of which
are outside the control of the Advisor and the fund sponsor.
The private equity funds in which a Portfolio may invest typically have restrictions on
the amount and timing of withdrawals or redemptions and may not permit any
withdrawals or redemptions at all. Secondary markets for such investments are typically
quite limited or entirely unavailable, which will limit the Portfolio’s ability to achieve
liquidity in its position through a sale. Illiquidity may result from the absence of any
established market for such investments as well as from legal or contractual restrictions
on their resale. It may be difficult or impossible for the Portfolio to sell such investments.
Consequently, the Portfolio may not be able to liquidate its investment in a private
equity fund prior to the end of such fund’s term. Private equity funds typically have
terms of 10 to 12 years, and often the sponsor can extend the term for an even longer
period. It would not be unusual for it to take 15 years (or more) for a private equity
fund to fully liquidate. The Portfolio may also receive distributions of securities from a
private equity fund that cannot be sold except pursuant to a registration statement filed
under applicable federal and state securities laws or unless an exemption from such
laws is available.
Because private equity fund investments are typically uncertificated limited partnership
interests (or other uncertificated equity instruments), they will not be held in a
traditional custody arrangement.
The absence of a trading market can make it difficult to ascertain a market value for
private equity investments, and therefore the Advisor expects to rely on the most recent
value reported by the administrator or manager of such private equity fund for fee
calculations and reporting purposes (including performance reporting), adjusted for
capital calls or distributions that occurred subsequent to the statement. Such statements
may only be issued infrequently and may not be indicative of the actual fair market
value of the investment. If no such valuation is available, the Advisor expects to
calculate the value of such investment using the original amount of capital contributed
to such fund (as adjusted for subsequent capital calls and distributions).
Managers of private equity funds in which a Portfolio may invest will typically receive a
quarterly management fee (although the timing of the fee may vary from fund to fund),
which may be calculated (a) as a percentage of the commitment made to the fund or (b)
as a percentage of invested capital at the time the fee calculation is made. In addition,
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the manager is typically distributed a share of the fund’s profits (a so-called “carried
interest”). This share of profits is often 20% but can be higher in a given fund. As a
result of this structure, the Portfolio will bear multiple levels of fees including those
payable to the Advisor and those payable to the managers of funds (both the
management fee and the carried interest) in which the Portfolio invests.
C. Risks of Specific Securities Utilized
As Siharum’s investment approach is to invest client Portfolios primarily in third-party
investment manager products/strategies, clients are exposed to the risk that such third-
party investment manager products (including index and index-like products)/strategies
might perform poorly, in absolute terms and/or relative to market averages of the
strategy employed. While Siharum has procedures and policies in place to monitor these
third-party investment managers and their products/strategies, the risk exists that
Siharum will not be able to prevent or detect fraud or other business and regulatory
deficiencies with respect to these investment managers, thereby resulting in possible
adverse impacts to client Portfolios.
These investment products (which include mutual funds, exchange traded funds
(“ETFs”), REITs, hedge funds, private equity funds, other pooled funds and limited
partnerships) and separately managed accounts may exhibit significantly higher levels of
risk and lower liquidity than market indices and may not be suitable for all types of
investors. Further, certain of these investments may be hard to value, value timely or may
be valued incorrectly by the custodian and/or applicable sponsor or administrator, thus
making them difficult to effectively evaluate on a timely basis.
As described in Item 5 (Fees and Compensation), client assets invested in such third-party
investment manager products will bear any fees associated with such product, in addition
to fees charged by Siharum and will therefore reduce returns on client Portfolios.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
Siharum and its owners, officers and employees have no legal or disciplinary events that are
material to a client’s or prospective client’s evaluation of Siharum’s advisory business or the
integrity of its management.
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Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A. Registration as a Broker/Dealer or Broker/Dealer
Representative
Neither Siharum nor its employees are registered as a broker/dealer or as a
representative of a broker/dealer.
B. Registration as a Futures Commission Merchant, Commodity
Pool Operator, or a Commodity Trading Advisor
Neither Siharum nor its employees are registered as a Futures Commission Merchant, a
Commodity Pool Operator, or a Commodity Trading Advisor or an associated person of
the foregoing registration types.
C. Related Person Arrangements and Conflicts of Interest
Siharum and its management persons do not have any arrangements with related persons
that are material to the advisory business of Siharum or its clients or that will create a
material conflict of interest with its clients.
D. Third-Party Investment Managers and Compensation
Arrangements
As described previously, Siharum’s “open-architecture” framework and Manager First®
approach involves the selection of high-quality managers and the combination of their
investment products/strategies to create a holistic portfolio that is customized to the
specific investment objectives and profile of the client.
Siharum does not have in place any arrangements for referral fees or any arrangements
involving revenue sharing or commissions with third-party investment managers
selected for its investment program. This allows Siharum to retain its independence
from conflicts that often arise with these types of arrangements and facilitates the
alignment of interests between the firm and its clients.
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Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions and Personal Trading
Siharum has a written Code of Ethics (“Code”) as well as a Compliance Policies and
Procedures Manual (“Manual”) that is reviewed and updated annually. Each employee,
owner and officer of the firm is provided with a current copy of the Code and Manual and
annual training is conducted.
The Code establishes the requirements for compliance with the firm’s standards of
conduct for its employees, owners, and officers. Each such person must (i) act with
integrity and in accordance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations (ii) place client
interests first (iii) proactively identify and avoid conflicts of interest between personal
and client matters (iv) uphold the confidentiality of information with respect to the
identity and financial circumstances of clients and (v) promote and foster ethical and
honest behavior within the firm. Investment personnel at Siharum have an obligation to
make reasonable inquiries of new and existing clients as to their liquidity needs, risk
tolerances, investment objectives and other relevant personal circumstances so as to be
able to provide informed investment advice.
Siharum does not recommend that clients buy or sell any security in which Siharum or a
related person to Siharum has a material financial interest. However, employees or
related person accounts may be invested similarly to that of Siharum’s client Portfolios.
Further, from time to time, personnel of Siharum may buy or sell securities for themselves
that the firm also recommends to its clients. The Code establishes the framework for such
personal securities transactions and includes various quarterly and annual reporting
requirements with respect to personal investment accounts as well as pre-clearance
requirements for certain non-exempt transactions. The Code also requires disclosures of
outside business activities and disciplinary history for the purposes of duly assessing
potential conflicts of interests.
It should be noted that certain securities, including shares issued by open-end registered
investment companies not advised or sub-advised by the firm are exempted from the pre-
clearance requirement.
Clients and prospective clients may request a complete copy of the Code of Ethics from
Siharum.
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Item 12: Brokerage Practices
A. Factors Used to Select Custodians and/or Broker/Dealers
Custodians and/or Broker/Dealers
In order for Siharum to provide its advisory services in an operationally efficient manner,
Siharum generally enters advisory relationships with clients that set-up their accounts for
custodial and brokerage services with the institutional platforms of either Charles Schwab
& Co Inc. (“Schwab”) and/or National Financial Services LLC/Fidelity Brokerage
Services LLC (“Fidelity”). Other advisors may have the capability to effectively work with
a broader range of institutional platforms.
Siharum has in place various interfaces with each of Schwab and Fidelity to allow for
operational efficiency and effectiveness when managing client Portfolios that are
custodied on these platforms. On a periodic basis, Siharum evaluates these organizations
and arrangements in place to determine if the fees and commissions charged to mutual
clients are commensurate with the breadth of third-party investment manager products
offered through the institutional platforms, technology solutions and service levels. Other
platforms are also periodically evaluated in the context of expanding the custodial and
brokerage platforms with which Siharum can effectively interface.
Siharum is independently operated and owned and is not affiliated with either Schwab or
Fidelity or any other custodial or brokerage firm. Siharum does not receive fees from or
compensate Schwab, Fidelity, or other custodian/broker/dealer as a result of its clients
hiring these firms for custodial and brokerage services.
The institutional platforms of Schwab and Fidelity generally offer lower fees than the
retail platforms of Schwab and Fidelity. However, such institutional platform fees may
be higher than fees charged by other custodial and brokerage platforms for similar
services. Schwab and Fidelity generally do not charge clients separately for custody
services but are compensated by account holders through commissions and other
transaction-related or asset-based fees for securities trades that are executed through them
for settlement in client accounts (i.e., transactions fees are charged for certain no-load
mutual funds, commissions may be charged for equity and debt securities transactions).
Siharum itself does not charge clients additional transaction-related fees. As described in
Item 5 C, clients are responsible for any fees and charges associated with the services
provided under their arrangements with Schwab, Fidelity, or other custodians/brokers
that they appoint, and clients must independently evaluate such arrangements. Siharum
executes all client transactions through client appointed custodian/brokerage firms.
Research and Other Soft-Dollar Benefits
As noted above, Siharum executes all client transactions through client appointed
custodian/brokerage firms. In order for Siharum to provide its advisory services, clients
typically must have their accounts set-up for custodial and brokerage services with
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Schwab or Fidelity. This is partially based on the benefits and availability of some of the
features described below that provide Siharum with certain operational and business
efficiencies and is not solely based on the nature, cost and quality of custody/brokerage
services offered by Schwab and Fidelity to their clients. This creates a potential conflict of
interest as Siharum may have an incentive to continue to use or expand the use of Schwab
or Fidelity as a result of the various products and services it receives. Siharum benefits
when it receives such products or services since it does not have to produce or pay for
them itself. This potential conflict of interest and arrangements in place are reviewed and
assessed periodically by Siharum.
Siharum has arrangements in place with Schwab and Fidelity for various institutional
platform services, some of which are received free of charge while others may be
purchased through separate agreements with Schwab or Fidelity or one of their affiliates.
The various institutional platform services that assist Siharum in managing and
administering clients' Portfolios include electronic trade routing (including aggregation
and allocation services) and data interfaces (for various client Portfolio data including
account statements), facilitation of advisory fee withdrawals, access to education seminars
and networking, access to discounted services with third-party or affiliated service
providers with whom Siharum may contract directly, third-party research, publications,
general market data and assistance with back-office functions and record keeping.
However, under such arrangements:
i.
ii.
iii.
There is no formalized agreement with an explicit or implicit target linked to
Siharum’s trading or other business with Fidelity or Schwab.
Siharum does not agree to a “pay-up” for these items in the form of higher
commissions on client trades.
Siharum does not receive any client referrals from Fidelity or Schwab or any
other broker/dealer or custodian or third-party in exchange for using that
broker-dealer, custodian or third-party.
Siharum uses the products and services described above to service all of its clients.
Siharum does not seek to allocate the benefit of such services or products in proportion
to the size or trading activity of client accounts.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
Siharum receives no client referrals from Fidelity or Schwab (or any other broker/dealer
or third-party) in exchange for using that broker/dealer or third-party.
Directed Brokerage
All client transactions are performed through the client appointed custodial/brokerage
firm and as such are deemed directed brokerage transactions.
This may be
disadvantageous to clients because such directed brokerage arrangements may have
higher brokerage commissions and less favorable execution prices than are otherwise
available with other custodial/brokerage firms.
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B. Aggregating (Block) Trading for Multiple Client Accounts
Siharum has the discretion to block trades or aggregate trades across Portfolios but will
rarely do so. This is because Siharum rarely invests client assets directly in individual
stocks, bonds or ETFs. The allocation policy in place is designed to be sufficiently
objective to ensure consistently fair and equitable allocations across all client Portfolios.
Such trades are performed as limit order trades and execution of such trades is monitored
to ensure reasonably consistent pricing across client Portfolios for trades performed on
the same trade day. In addition, trades in the same security, for more than one client
Portfolio, on a given trade day are monitored to ensure they are allocated substantially
pro-rata across all participating client Portfolios.
Item 13: Review of Accounts
A. Frequency and Nature of Periodic Reviews
Client Portfolios are reviewed on an on-going basis through various mechanisms.
Accounts are reviewed across multiple dimensions including with respect to asset
allocation targets, liquidity profiles, risk and performance. Third-party investment
managers and their investment products are subject to due diligence reviews conducted
by the Research Team.
Siharum is committed to its concierge client service model which is designed to encourage
clients to allow Siharum to have a broad and holistic view of a client’s circumstances and
affords Siharum the opportunity to proactively recognize client needs and tailor
investment solutions accordingly. Under this model, designated Siharum personnel meet
with clients (telephonically or in person) to the extent possible at least annually to review
client objectives, tolerances, and profiles in order to re-affirm or modify the existing
investment approach. Client and Portfolio reviews are conducted under the oversight
and guidance of the CEO and Director of Research.
B. Factors That Will Trigger a Non-Periodic Review of Client
Portfolios
Non-routine Client Portfolio reviews may be triggered by material market, economic or
political events, or by changes in a client's financial situation or needs (such as, but not
limited to changes in employment, retirement, relocation, inheritance, and changes in
family situations).
C. Content and Frequency of Regular Reports Provided to Clients
Siharum is committed to providing clients with timely information with respect to their
Portfolios so as to keep them fully informed and engaged with respect to their investment
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program. In addition to any statements provided by their custodians, clients receive
quarterly reports from Siharum. These quarterly reports include investment performance
and portfolio level analyses that are customized for each client. Siharum’s reports are
based on data from custodians and in some cases, data provided directly by third-party
investment managers and the administrators/sponsors of their products. Discrepancies
with custodial statements may exist due to pricing variations, timing differences, lags in
the timing of valuation reports provided by third-party investment managers, and
accounting methodology differences.
Siharum also provides clients with research commentaries and market assessments
periodically. Clients are also provided with quarterly invoices showing details on
Siharum’s advisory fee computations. These invoices are provided to clients regardless
of whether or not a client has authorized Siharum to automatically withdraw its fees from
the client’s account(s).
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. Economic Benefits Provided by Third Parties for Advice
Rendered to Clients (Includes Sales Awards or Other Prizes)
Siharum does not receive any economic benefit, directly or indirectly from any third-party
for advice rendered to its clients.
B. Compensation to Non –Advisory Personnel for Client Referrals
Siharum does not directly or indirectly compensate any person who is not an employee
of the firm for client referrals.
Item 15: Custody
Custodians are appointed by clients and all Portfolio assets are held by these custodians. These
custodians also serve as the official record-keepers for client accounts. Siharum does not hold
any client assets itself and is not affiliated with any of its client custodians. As noted in Item 12
(Brokerage Practices), Siharum works primarily with Schwab and Fidelity, although certain
clients do use other custodians. Clients may grant Siharum discretionary trading authority
through written limited powers of attorney. In certain cases, a client may authorize Siharum,
through written agreements to deduct its advisory fees from specified client accounts.
Siharum or a principal may also act as a trustee of a client account, in limited circumstances. In
both of these cases, where trustee services are provided, Siharum is deemed to have custody over
the client’s account. Clients receive account statements from their appointed custodians on at
least a quarterly basis (or have access to account information on-line) and should carefully review
those statements. Clients are urged to compare the statements from the custodian with those they
receive from Siharum. Discrepancies may exist due to pricing variations, timing differences, lags
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in the timing of valuation reports provided by third-party investment managers, and accounting
methodology differences.
Siharum is not responsible for maintaining and reporting tax information/cost basis, tax
withholdings and reporting to the IRS as this is the responsibility of the client appointed
custodian.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Clients may grant Siharum discretionary trading authority through written limited powers of
attorney. Under these arrangements Siharum typically has authority to determine the timing,
particular securities and amounts to be bought /sold. In certain cases, the client may authorize
Siharum, through written agreements to deduct advisory fees from specified client accounts.
Siharum does not request the grant of asset movement authority under any circumstances. See
also Item 12 for the firm’s brokerage practices.
Siharum is not responsible for monitoring or processing corporate actions with respect to client
Portfolios. However, to the extent it is directed in writing by a client, Siharum will take action
with respect to corporate actions. Further, Siharum is only responsible for taking such action on
those notices which are timely received from the custodian. The custodian is solely responsible
for ensuring that all such actions are monitored and timely provided to Siharum and further for
ensuring that the action to be taken as communicated back to the custodian by Siharum is duly
and timely acted upon.
Client assets under advisement by Siharum, whether discretionary or non-discretionary are
specified in Siharum’s investment advisory agreement with the client. Any assets of the Client
not referenced in its investment advisory agreement as being under advisement by Siharum are
not managed by Siharum and are not charged fees.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities (Proxy Voting)
Siharum does not accept voting authority with respect to securities in Client Portfolios. Clients
typically will receive proxies directly from the issuer of the security or the custodian and will be
solely responsible for all such voting activity. Siharum is not responsible for processing,
documenting, or monitoring class actions with respect to client Portfolios. This is the sole
responsibility of the client.
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Item 18: Financial Information
A. Balance Sheet
Siharum does not require nor solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in advisory fees per
client, six months or more in advance, and therefore does not need to include its balance
sheet with this brochure.
B. Financial Conditions Reasonably Likely to Impair Ability to
Meet Contractual Commitments to Clients
Siharum has never filed for bankruptcy and is not aware of any financial conditions that
are reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet contractual commitments to its clients.
C. Bankruptcy Petitions in Previous Ten Years
Siharum has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition in the last ten years.
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