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Item 1 – Cover Page
SBK Financial, Inc.
dba
Form ADV Part 2A
Brochure
1001 Haxall Point, Suite 705
Richmond, Virginia 23219
(804) 237-1700
www.wealth-crossing.com
March 14, 2025
This Brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of
WealthCrossing, a dba of SBK Financial, Inc. If you have any questions about the contents of
this Brochure, please contact us at (804) 237-1700. The information in this Brochure has not
been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by
any state securities authority.
Additional information about WealthCrossing also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
WealthCrossing is a registered investment adviser. Registration of an investment adviser
does not imply any level of skill or training.
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Item 2 – Material Changes
On February 17, 2025, SBK Financial, Inc. began providing services to its clients under the
name of WealthCrossing. This is considered a material change to its business activities.
Item 3 -Table of Contents
Item 1 – Cover Page .................................................................................................................................................................. i
Item 2 – Material Changes.................................................................................................................................................... ii
Item 3 -Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................................... ii
Item 4 – Advisory Business ................................................................................................................................................. 1
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management .................................................................... 7
Item 7 – Types of Clients ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ............................................................ 7
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information .................................................................................................................................. 13
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ........................................................................... 13
Item 11 – Code of Ethics ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Item 13 – Review of Accounts .......................................................................................................................................... 18
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation .............................................................................................. 19
Item 15 – Custody .................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Item 16 – Investment Discretion ..................................................................................................................................... 20
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities .................................................................................................................................. 20
Item 18 – Financial Information ...................................................................................................................................... 21
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Item 4 – Advisory Business
WealthCrossing is a dba of SBK Financial, Inc. (“WealthCrossing,” or “we”) and is a Virginia
corporation founded in 2005 and registered as an investment adviser with the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission since May 2005. WealthCrossing is principally owned
by J. Kevin King, President and Andrea L. Broughton, Vice President and Stephanie Stumpf,
Director.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES
WealthCrossing provides customized investment management services to high-net-worth
individuals and associated trusts, estates, pension and profit-sharing plans. We primarily
invest client assets in mutual funds or exchange traded funds (“ETFs”). We evaluate, select,
and oversee other investment managers to manage a portion of the client’s account when
appropriate. For clients who are “accredited investors” as defined under Rule 501 of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, we may occasionally recommend private investment
funds, which may include debt, equity, or pooled investment vehicles when consistent with
the client’s investment objectives. We may also assist in selecting, evaluating, negotiating,
closing, oversight and monitoring investments in certain tax credits, including historic
rehabilitation, land preservation, education improvement scholarship, and neighborhood
assistance tax credits. We engage an investment consulting firm that is independent of
WealthCrossing (“Due Diligence Provider” or “Provider”) to perform due diligence on the
mutual funds, investment managers and private investment funds we recommend. In limited
circumstances, this Provider may offer recommendations for funds that have separately
engaged the Provider to perform investment advisory services. This arrangement presents
a conflict of interest for the Due Diligence Provider, which we mitigate when applicable by
notifying the affected client, reminding them that they can limit their investment options,
and that they are not obligated to invest in any private investment funds we recommend.
WC tailors its services to the individual needs of its clients. We collaborate with each client
to develop an appropriate investment profile and strategy and seek to manage the portfolio
accordingly. To the extent specifically requested by the client, the annual investment
advisory fee charged for investment management services also compensates for limited
financial planning and consulting services such as tax planning, estate planning, non-
investment related financial counseling, etc. While we believe it is important for clients to
address these issues on an ongoing basis, our investment advisory fee will remain the same
regardless of whether clients choose to use those services. In designing an investment
portfolio, we consider the client’s age, investment goals, time horizon, financial
circumstances, tax situation, investment experience, risk tolerance, investment limitations
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and trading restrictions. We help clients select from various growth, balanced and
conservative strategies. Clients may impose reasonable restrictions on WealthCrossing’s
management of their accounts.
TAX PREPARATION AND PLANNING SERVICES
Certain existing clients may also engage WealthCrossing under a separate agreement to
provide tax preparation and/or planning services through its representatives who are
Certified Public Accountants. In these limited circumstances, WealthCrossing charges a fixed
fee that varies depending upon the scope and complexity of the tax services required.
FINANCIAL PLANNING LIMITATIONS
As mentioned above, to the extent requested by the client, WealthCrossing may also provide
financial planning and related consulting services regarding non-investment related
matters, such as estate planning, tax planning, etc. On a very limited basis, WealthCrossing
may also provide services to a client who is not an investment management client in
coordination with that client’s other registered investment advisers. The services
WealthCrossing may provide could include tax advisory, estate planning, non-investment
related financial counseling, etc., and will be separately identified and billed. Fees for these
limited engagements may vary, are negotiable, may be charged on a time and materials basis
or as a flat fee, and are typically payable in part upon commencement of a project,
periodically over the life of the engagement or upon completion of the engagement. The
client retains absolute discretion over all financial planning and related implementation
decisions and is free to accept or reject any recommendation from WealthCrossing and its
representatives in that respect.
ERISA / IRC Fiduciary Acknowledgment. When WealthCrossing provides investment advice
to a client about the client’s retirement plan account or individual retirement account, it does
so as a fiduciary within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security
Act (“ERISA”) and the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), as applicable, which are laws governing
retirement accounts. Because the way WealthCrossing makes money creates some conflicts
with client interests, WealthCrossing operates under a special rule that requires it to act in
the client’s best interest and not put its interests ahead of the client’s. Under this special
rule’s provisions, WealthCrossing must: meet a professional standard of care when making
investment recommendations (give prudent advice); never put its financial interests ahead
of the client’s when making recommendations (give loyal advice); avoid misleading
statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments; follow policies and procedures
designed to ensure that WealthCrossing gives advice that is in the client’s best interest;
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charge no more than is reasonable for WealthCrossing’s services; and give the client basic
information about conflicts of interest.
Client Obligations. When performing its services, WealthCrossing is not required to verify
any information received from the client or from the client’s designated professionals and is
expressly authorized to rely on that information. Clients are responsible to promptly notify
WealthCrossing if there is ever any change in their financial situation or investment
objectives for the purpose of reviewing or amending WealthCrossing’s services or previous
recommendations.
Portfolio Trading Activity / Inactivity. As part of its investment advisory services,
WealthCrossing will manage client portfolios on an ongoing basis to determine if trading is
necessary based upon various factors, including but not limited to investment performance,
market conditions, style drift, account additions/withdrawals, the client’s financial
circumstances, and changes in the client’s investment objectives. Based upon these and other
factors, there may be extended periods when WealthCrossing through ongoing management,
determines that upon review, trades within a client’s portfolio are not prudent. Clients
nonetheless remain subject to the fees described in Item 5 during periods of portfolio trading
inactivity.
Asset Aggregation / Reporting Services. WealthCrossing may provide access to reporting
services through one or more third-party aggregation / reporting platforms that can reflect
all of the client’s investment assets, including those investment assets that the client has not
engaged WealthCrossing to manage (the “Excluded Assets”). WealthCrossing’s service for
the Excluded Assets is strictly limited to reporting, and specifically excludes investment
management or implementation. Because WealthCrossing does not have trading authority
for the Excluded Assets, the client (and/or a designated investment professional), and not
WealthCrossing, will be exclusively responsible for implementing any recommendations for
the Excluded Assets and the resulting performance or related activity (such as timing and
trade errors) pertaining to the Excluded Assets. The third-party aggregation / reporting
platforms may also provide access to financial planning information and applications, which
should not be construed as services, advice, or recommendations provided by
WealthCrossing. Accordingly, WealthCrossing would not agree to be held responsible for any
adverse results a client may experience if the client engages in financial planning or other
functions available on the third-party reporting platforms without WealthCrossing’s
participation or oversight.
Margin / Securities Based Loans. WealthCrossing does not recommend the use of margin for
investment purposes. However, if a client determines to take a margin loan that collateralizes
a portion of the assets that WealthCrossing is managing, WealthCrossing’s investment
advisory fee will be computed based upon the full value of the assets, without deducting the
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amount of the margin loan. Without limiting the above, WealthCrossing may recommend
that a client establish a margin loan or a securities-based loan (collectively, “SBLs”) with the
client’s broker-dealer/custodian or their affiliated banks (each, an “SBL Lender”) to access
cash flow. Unlike a real estate-backed loan, an SBL has the potential benefit of enabling
borrowers to access funds in a shorter period of time, providing greater repayment
flexibility, and may also result in the borrower receiving certain tax benefits. Clients
interested in learning more about the potential tax benefits of borrowing money on margin
should consult with an accountant or tax advisor. The terms and conditions of each SBL are
contained in a separate agreement between the client and the SBL Lender selected by the
client, which terms and conditions may vary from client to client. Borrowing funds on margin
is not suitable for all clients and is subject to certain risks, including but not limited to:
increased market risk, increased risk of loss, especially in the event of a significant downturn;
liquidity risk; the potential obligation to post collateral or repay the SBL if the SBL Lender
determines that the value of collateralized securities is no longer sufficient to support the
value of the SBL; the risk that the SBL Lender may liquidate the client’s securities to satisfy
its demand for additional collateral or repayment / the risk that the SBL Lender may
terminate the SBL at any time. Before agreeing to participate in an SBL program, clients
should carefully review the applicable SBL agreement and all risk disclosures provided by
the SBL Lender including the initial margin and maintenance requirements for the specific
program in which the client enrolls, and the procedures for issuing “margin calls” and
liquidating securities and other assets in the client’s accounts. If WealthCrossing
recommends that a client apply for an SBL instead of selling securities that WealthCrossing
manages for a fee to meet liquidity needs, the recommendation presents an ongoing conflict
of interest because selling those securities (instead of leveraging those securities to access
an SBL) would reduce the amount of assets to which WealthCrossing’s investment advisory
fee percentage is applied, and thereby reduce the amount of investment advisory fees
collected by WealthCrossing. Likewise, the same ongoing conflict of interest is present if a
client determines to apply for an SBL on their own initiative. These ongoing conflicts of
interest would persist as long as WealthCrossing has an economic disincentive to
recommend that the client terminate the use of SBLs. If the client were to invest any portion
of the SBL proceeds in an account that WealthCrossing manages, WealthCrossing will receive
an advisory fee on the invested amount, which could compound this conflict of interest. If a
client accesses an SBL through its relationship with WealthCrossing and the client’s
relationship with WealthCrossing is terminated, that client may incur higher (retail) interest
rates on the outstanding loan balance. Clients are therefore reminded that they are not under
any obligation to employ the use of SBLs, and are solely responsible for determining when
to use, reduce, and terminate the use of SBLs. Although WealthCrossing seeks to disclose all
conflicts of interest related to its recommended use of SBLs and related business practices,
there may be other conflicts of interest that are not identified above. Clients are therefore
reminded to carefully review the applicable SBL agreement, and all risk disclosures provided
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by the SBL Lender as applicable and contact WealthCrossing at (804) 237-1700, with any
questions regarding the use of SBLs.
WRAP PROGRAMS
WealthCrossing does not offer investment management services on a wrap-fee basis.
REGULATORY ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
As of December 31, 2024, WealthCrossing had $1,203,976,372 in assets under management,
all of which was being managed on a discretionary basis.
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES
WealthCrossing charges a negotiable annual investment management fee based on the
following tiered schedule:
Assets Under Management
Fee
Up to $2 Million
1.00%
Next $3 Million
0.75%
Next $5 Million
0.50%
Next $10 Million
0.35%
All Additional Assets
0.25%
WealthCrossing generally imposes a $10,000 annual minimum fee for advisory services.
Therefore, a client maintaining less than $1,000,000 in assets under WealthCrossing’s
management who is subject to the $10,000 annual minimum fee will pay a higher percentage
than the 1.0% reflected in the fee schedule above. WealthCrossing, in its sole discretion, may
reduce its investment advisory fees, reduce, or waive tax preparation fees, and reduce or
waive its annual fee minimum based upon certain criteria (i.e., anticipated future earning
capacity, anticipated future additional assets, dollar amount of assets to be managed, related
accounts, account composition, servicing needs, negotiations with client, etc.). Certain legacy
clients may have accepted different service offerings from WealthCrossing and may
therefore receive different services under different fee schedules than as set forth above. As
a result of these factors, similarly situated clients could pay different fees, and the services
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to be provided by WealthCrossing to any particular client could be available from other
advisers at lower fees.
TAX PREPARATION AND PLANNING SERVICES
WealthCrossing’s fixed fee for tax preparation services available only to certain existing
clients generally ranges between $0 and $15,000, depending upon the scope and complexity
of the services required. These fees are re-evaluated on an annual basis and typically
adjusted for inflation. However, the fee is also subject to reduction based upon the scope and
complexity of the applicable annual engagement. In certain limited cases, WealthCrossing
may also provide tax preparation services for an hourly fee of approximately $250
OTHER FEE DISCLOSURES
Unless WealthCrossing expressly agrees otherwise in writing, account assets consisting of
cash and cash equivalent positions are included in the value of an account’s assets for
purposes of calculating WealthCrossing’s advisory fee. Clients can advise WealthCrossing not
to maintain (or to limit the amount of) cash or cash equivalent positions in their account. In
addition to WealthCrossing’s investment advisory fees, clients bear trading costs, custodial
fees and fees and expenses that mutual funds or non-affiliated Independent Managers
charge. Specifically, broker-dealers charge transaction fees for executing certain securities
transactions according to their fee schedule, and they or their affiliated custodians also
impose charges for custodial services / fees associated with maintaining the client’s account.
For mutual fund and ETF purchases, clients will incur charges imposed by the respective
fund, which represent the client’s pro rata share of the fund’s management fee and other
fund expenses. These fees and expenses are described in each fund’s prospectus or other
offering documents. When WealthCrossing or the applicable Independent Manager
reasonably determines that it would be beneficial for the client, individual equity and/or
fixed income transactions may be executed through broker-dealers other than the account
custodian. In that event, the client will generally incur both the fee (commission, mark-
up/mark-down) charged by the executing broker-dealer and a separate “tradeaway” or
“prime broker” fee charged by the account custodian. The fees and charges imposed by the
applicable broker-dealer/custodian, Independent Managers, and the charges imposed by
mutual funds and ETFs, are separate from and in addition to WealthCrossing’s investment
advisory fee described in this Item 5. WealthCrossing does not share in any portion of those
fees or expenses.
WealthCrossing charges fees quarterly in advance based on the account value at the
beginning of the quarter. Most clients authorize WealthCrossing to deduct fees automatically
from their investment accounts, but clients may request that WealthCrossing send quarterly
invoices to be paid by check.
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Accounts initiated or terminated during a calendar quarter will be charged a pro-rated fee
based upon the effective date or termination date of the Investment Management
Agreement, as applicable. Upon termination of an account, any prepaid, unearned fees will
be promptly refunded, and any earned, unpaid fees will be due and payable.
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
WealthCrossing does not charge any performance-based fees (fees based on a share of
capital gains on or capital appreciation of the assets of a client). Some investment advisors
experience conflicts of interest in connection with side-by-side management of accounts
with different fee structures. However, these conflicts of interest are not applicable to
WealthCrossing.
Item 7 – Types of Clients
WealthCrossing currently provides investment management services to individuals, high-
net-worth individuals and associated trusts and estates. WealthCrossing’s minimum account
size is generally $1,000,000. WealthCrossing also generally imposes a $10,000 annual
minimum fee for advisory services. Therefore, a client maintaining less than $1,000,000 in
assets under WealthCrossing’s management who is subject to the $10,000 annual minimum
fee will pay a higher percentage than the 1.0% referenced in the fee schedule above in Item
5.
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
WealthCrossing uses the investment strategies and methods of analysis described below in
providing investment advice to our clients and managing client assets.
Investment Strategies
WealthCrossing meets with the client to determine the client’s goals, risk tolerance and time
horizon. Based on these discussions, WealthCrossing designs an appropriate investment
plan and a strategic, well-diversified asset allocation for each client. Such an asset allocation
requires the spreading of investments among a number of asset classes (stocks vs. bonds,
U.S. vs. International, large cap stocks vs. small cap stocks, growth vs. value stocks, taxable
bonds vs. municipal bonds, etc.). After determining how much of a client’s portfolio should
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be allocated to each asset class, WealthCrossing then selects the mutual funds and/or
investment managers for each asset class.
Maintaining a strategic, well-diversified asset allocation requires discipline to periodically
rebalance. We help clients maintain this discipline. We place great emphasis on minimizing
portfolio turnover and trading/transaction costs. Those costs as well as taxes influence the
decisions to rebalance and as such fairly wide latitude is given to rebalancing.
WealthCrossing may allocate (or recommend that the client allocate) a portion of a client’s
investment assets among unaffiliated independent investment managers (“Independent
Managers”) when consistent with investment objectives. The Independent Managers will
have day-to- day responsibility for the active discretionary management of the allocated
assets. However, WealthCrossing will monitor account performance, asset allocation and
consistency with investment objectives. WealthCrossing generally considers the following
factors when recommending Independent Managers: the client’s designated investment
objectives, management style, performance, reputation, financial strength, reporting,
pricing, and research. The investment management fees charged by the designated
Independent Managers are exclusive of, and in addition to, WealthCrossing’s ongoing
investment advisory fees, which will be disclosed to the client before entering into the
Independent Manager engagement and/or subject to the terms and conditions of a separate
agreement between the client and the Independent Managers.
WealthCrossing may recommend that certain qualified clients consider an investment in
unaffiliated private investment funds. WealthCrossing’s role for these investments is
essentially limited to initial due diligence and investment monitoring services. If a client
determines to become a private fund investor, the amount of assets invested in the funds will
be included as part of “assets under management” for purposes of WealthCrossing
calculating its investment advisory fee. The value for all private investment funds owned by
the client will reflect the most recent valuation provided by the fund sponsor.
WealthCrossing’s clients are under absolutely no obligation to consider or make an
investment in a private investment fund.
When prudent, based upon a client’s tax situation, WealthCrossing may assist in selecting,
evaluating, negotiating, closing, oversight and/or monitoring certain transferable tax credits
such as land preservation and investments in historic rehabilitation tax credits, in addition
to charitable tax credits such as education improvement scholarship and neighborhood
assistance tax credits.
Methods of Analysis
WealthCrossing retains a qualified, independent research consultant to provide capital
market assumptions, broad asset allocation strategies and to conduct the due diligence on
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investment style, employee
the
independent research consultant, monitors
actively managed mutual funds, investment managers and private investment funds that
WealthCrossing may recommend to clients. WealthCrossing reviews the quantitative and
qualitative criteria used to evaluate the actively managed mutual funds, investment
managers and private investment funds. The criteria may include minimum length of track
record, minimum performance levels, minimum amounts invested or under management,
turnover, efficiency, and capacity.
consistency of
the
WealthCrossing, along with
recommended investments to determine whether they continue to meet the quantitative and
qualitative criteria stated above. The independent research consultant also negotiates
reduced account minimum balances and reduced fees with approved mutual funds,
investment managers and private investment funds whenever possible.
We evaluate the performance of our clients’ investments in a variety of ways that help us
understand how the clients’ investments are performing versus appropriate benchmarks.
Our performance reports provide clients with an overview of their total portfolio
performance (excluding private investment funds), an analysis of each individual mutual
fund or manager’s performance and an analysis of each asset class’s performance. As private
investment funds do not have transparent trading markets from which accurate and current
pricing information can be derived, WealthCrossing is not able to monitor or verify the
accuracy of performance information.
Risk of Loss
WealthCrossing generally recommends that clients invest in equities, mutual funds, ETFs,
municipal bonds, cash / cash equivalents, and occasionally, private investment funds.
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear, including
the loss of principal balance. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Different
types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, and it should not be assumed that future
performance of any specific investment or investment strategy (including the investments
and investment strategies recommended or undertaken by WealthCrossing or any
Independent Manager) will be profitable or equal any specific performance level. Investment
strategies such as asset allocation, diversification, or rebalancing do not assure or guarantee
better performance and cannot eliminate the risk of investment losses. There is no guarantee
that a portfolio employing these or any other strategy will outperform a portfolio that does
not engage in such strategies.
Securities recommended for investment are subject to market risk, which is the risk that the
stock market as a whole will decline, reducing the values of individual securities regardless
of their fundamental characteristics. The direction of the stock market is difficult to predict
and depends upon changes in interest rates, inflation, and a host of other economic and
political factors.
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In addition to general market risk, WealthCrossing has identified the following risks unique
to our investment strategies:
Mutual Fund Risk – Mutual funds are operated by investment companies that raise money
from shareholders and invest it in stocks, bonds, and/or other types of securities. Each fund
will have a manager that trades the fund’s investments in accordance with the fund’s
investment objective. Mutual funds charge a separate management fee for their services, so
the returns on mutual funds are reduced by the costs to manage the funds. While mutual
funds generally provide diversification, risks can be significantly increased if the fund is
concentrated in a particular sector of the market. Mutual funds come in many varieties. Some
invest aggressively for capital appreciation, while others are conservative and are designed
to generate income for shareholders. In addition, the client’s overall portfolio may be
affected by losses of an underlying fund and the level of risk arising from the investment
practices of an underlying fund (such as the use of derivatives).
Exchange Traded Fund Risk – ETFs are marketable securities that are designed to track,
before fees and expenses, the performance or returns of a relevant index, commodity, bonds,
or basket of assets, like an index fund. Unlike mutual funds, ETFs trade like common stock
on a stock exchange. ETFs experience price changes throughout the day as they are bought
and sold. In addition to the general risks of investing, there are specific risks to consider with
respect to an investment in ETFs, including, but not limited to: an ETF’s shares may trade at
a market price that is above or below its net asset value; the ETF may employ an investment
strategy that uses high leverage ratios; or trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted if the
listing exchange’s officials deem the action appropriate, the shares are de-listed from the
exchange, or the activation of market-wide “circuit breakers” (which are tied to large
decreases in stock prices) halts stock trading generally.
Independent Manager Risk – Independent Managers make
investment decisions
independently of WealthCrossing and may at times hold economically offsetting positions.
Independent Managers do not seek approval or notify WealthCrossing before placing trades
in our client accounts. Additionally, each Independent Manager must deal with the full
spectrum of risk as it applies to their portfolios. WealthCrossing does not control the level of
risk, or the performance derived from such managers. Clients should review Independent
Managers Form ADV Part 2A for a description of the types of risk involved with applicable
strategies. To mitigate those risks, WealthCrossing periodically monitors the performance
and investments made by the Independent Managers.
Private Investment Fund Risk – Such funds generally involve various risk factors, including,
but not limited to, potential for complete loss of principal, liquidity constraints and lack of
transparency, a complete discussion of which is set forth in each fund’s offering documents,
which will be provided to each client for review and consideration. Unlike liquid investments
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that a client may maintain, private investment funds do not provide daily liquidity or pricing.
Each prospective client investor will be required to complete a Subscription Agreement,
pursuant to which the client will establish that they are qualified for investment in the fund,
and that they acknowledge and accept the various risk factors associated with such an
investment.
Cash and Cash Equivalent Risk – WealthCrossing may hold a portion of client’s assets in cash
or cash equivalent positions (such as but not limited to money market funds) typically for
defensive and liquidity purposes. Investments in these assets may cause a client to miss
upswings in the markets.
Tax Credit Risk – This involves various risk factors, including but not limited to the following:
Legislative Risk: Changes either directly to the underlying programs enacted by the
legislature or to tax laws and regulations that affect utilization of the credits may
reduce the expected value of the investment. Changes to laws or budgets which support
the underlying assets generating tax credits may also increase the risk of recapture.
Utilization Risk: Clients must have sufficient tax liability in order to utilize tax credits
and any companion deductions generated by the investment. Each program has its own
rules relating to use. In addition, regulations may prescribe the order in which credits
and deductions must be used by the investor. Furthermore, a public market for tax
credits does not currently exist. Some tax credit investments are difficult to trade, and
others effectively cannot be traded once earned.
Recapture Risk: Land Preservation and Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credits may be
subject to recapture of all, or a portion of credits previously claimed along with
potential loss of future credits. Land Preservation Tax Credits involve the appraisal,
sale, and transfer of real property, subject to various contractual provisions,
formalities, and regulatory conditions. If certain legal and regulatory requirements are
not met in a timely manner or changes to the appraised value of the underlying
property occur due to non-compliance with the guidelines for qualified appraisals then
adopted by the granting governmental entity, or an otherwise deficient or fraudulent
appraisal was conducted, all of which could be determined after purchase, an investor’s
expected benefits could be reduced or eliminated. Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credit
investments typically involve the construction or rehabilitation of real estate or the
installation of fixtures or equipment. Failure to complete these objectives and
corresponding legal and regulatory requirements within required timeframes may
result in expected benefits being reduced or eliminated.
Entity Risk: Similar to investments in Private Funds, Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credit
investments must be transferred through ownership interests in an investment vehicle,
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typically a limited partnership or limited liability company (each an “Entity”).
Ownership interests securing investments in Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credits are
not registered and are otherwise highly illiquid and typically non-transferable. These
ownership interests and the Entities themselves are governed by contract and internal
agreement, the breach or default of which may result in, but not be limited to monetary
penalties, the entire loss of the investor’s ownership interest, or both. Please also see
the above risk disclosures associate with “Private Funds.”
Non-Transferability on Death: Historic Rehabilitation, Education Improvement
Scholarship, and Neighborhood Assistance Tax Credits may not be transferred on or
after the death of the taxpayer.
DFA Fund Risk - WealthCrossing may allocate client investment assets to funds issued by
Dimensional Fund Advisors (“DFA”), which are generally only available through selected
registered investment advisers. In addition to the risks that generally apply to mutual funds
as described above, investment in DFA funds presents the risk that a client may experience
restrictions on the transfer, additional purchases, or reallocation among DFA funds after
terminating its relationship with WealthCrossing.
Dependence on Research Consultants – We rely upon information provided by one or more
research consultants, which we have reason to believe is accurate and complete. However,
we cannot guarantee that the recommendations provided will result in successful
investments. If our research consultant were to provide WealthCrossing with incorrect or
incomplete information, there is a risk which may result in losses due to such incomplete
information.
Cybersecurity Risk - The
information technology systems and networks that
WealthCrossing and its third-party service providers use to provide services to
WealthCrossing’s clients employ various controls, which are designed to prevent
cybersecurity incidents stemming from intentional or unintentional actions that could
cause significant interruptions in WealthCrossing’s operations and result in the
unauthorized acquisition or use of clients’ confidential or non-public personal information.
Clients and WealthCrossing are nonetheless subject to the risk of cybersecurity incidents
that could ultimately cause them to incur losses, including for example: financial losses,
cost, and reputational damage to respond to regulatory obligations, other costs associated
with corrective measures, and loss from damage or interruption to systems. Although
WealthCrossing has established its systems to reduce the risk of cybersecurity incidents
from coming to fruition, there is no guarantee that these efforts will always be successful,
especially considering that WealthCrossing does not directly control the cybersecurity
measures and policies employed by third-party service providers. Clients could incur
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similar adverse consequences resulting from cybersecurity incidents that more directly
affect issuers of securities in which those clients invest, broker-dealers, qualified
custodians, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial
market operators, or other financial institutions.
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
Registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal
or disciplinary events that would be material to your evaluation of WealthCrossing or the
integrity of WealthCrossing’s management. WealthCrossing has no information applicable to
this Item.
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Neither WealthCrossing, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application
pending to register as: a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer; a
futures commission merchant; a commodity pool operator; a commodity trading advisor; or
a representative of the foregoing. WealthCrossing does not receive, directly or indirectly,
compensation from investment advisors that it recommends or selects for its clients.
Item 11 – Code of Ethics
WealthCrossing maintains an investment policy relative to personal securities transactions.
This investment policy is part of WealthCrossing’s overall Code of Ethics, which serves to
establish a standard of business conduct for all WealthCrossing’s Representatives that is
based upon fundamental principles of openness, integrity, honesty and trust, a copy of which
is available upon request. In accordance with Section 204A of the Investment Advisers Act
of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”), WealthCrossing also maintains and enforces written policies
reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of material non-public information by
WealthCrossing or any person associated with WealthCrossing.
Neither WealthCrossing nor any related person of WealthCrossing recommends, buys, or
sells for client accounts, securities in which WealthCrossing or any related person of
WealthCrossing has a material financial interest.
WealthCrossing and its representatives may buy or sell securities that are also
recommended to clients. This practice may create a situation where WealthCrossing and its
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representatives are in a position to materially benefit from the sale or purchase of those
securities. Therefore, this situation presents a conflict of interest. Practices such as “scalping”
(i.e., a practice whereby the owner of shares of a security recommends that security for
investment and then immediately sells it at a profit upon the rise in the market price which
follows the recommendation) could take place if WealthCrossing did not have adequate
policies in place to detect such activities. In addition, this requirement can help detect insider
trading, “front-running” (i.e., personal trades executed before those of WealthCrossing’s
clients) and other potentially abusive practices.
WealthCrossing has a personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the personal
securities transactions and securities holdings of each of WealthCrossing’s “Access Persons.”
WealthCrossing’s securities transaction policy requires that an Access Person of
WealthCrossing must provide the Chief Compliance Officer or a designee with a written
report of their current securities holdings within ten (10) days after becoming an Access
Person. Additionally, each Access Person must provide the Chief Compliance Officer or a
designee with a written report of the Access Person’s current securities holdings at least
once every twelve (12) month period thereafter on a date WealthCrossing selects.
WealthCrossing and its representatives may also buy or sell securities at or around the same
time as those securities are recommended to clients. This practice creates a situation where
WealthCrossing and/or representatives of WealthCrossing are in a position to materially
benefit from the sale or purchase of those securities. Therefore, this situation presents a
conflict of interest. As indicated above, WealthCrossing has a personal securities transaction
policy in place to monitor the personal securities transaction and securities holdings of each
of WealthCrossing’s Access Persons. WealthCrossing’s clients or prospective clients may
request a copy of the firm's Code of Ethics by contacting WealthCrossing at (804) 237-1700.
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
How We Select Brokers/Custodians.
If a client requests that WealthCrossing recommend a broker-dealer/custodian for execution
or custodial services, WealthCrossing generally recommends that investment management
accounts be maintained at Charles Schwab (“Schwab”). Before engaging WealthCrossing to
provide investment management services, the client enters into an agreement with
WealthCrossing setting forth the terms and conditions for the management of the client’s
assets, and a separate custodial/clearing agreement with each designated broker-
dealer/custodian. Depending on which broker-dealer/custodian the client selects to
maintain their account, they may experience differences in customer service, transaction
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timing, the availability of sweep account vehicles and money market funds, and other aspects
of investing that could cause differences in account performance.
When seeking “best execution,” from a broker-dealer, the determinative factor is not always
the lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the best qualitative
execution when considering the full range of a broker-dealer’s services including the value
of research provided, execution capability, commission rates, and responsiveness. Although
WealthCrossing cannot guarantee that clients will always experience the best possible
execution available, WealthCrossing seeks to recommend a broker-dealer/custodian that
will hold client assets and execute transactions on terms that are, overall, most advantageous
when compared with other available providers and their services. WealthCrossing considers
a wide range of factors when recommending a broker-dealer/custodian, including:
• Combination of transaction execution services and asset custody services (generally
without a separate fee for custody);
• Capability to execute, clear and settle trades (buy and sell securities for client
accounts);
• Capability to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers,
check requests, bill payment, etc.);
• Breadth of available investment products (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-
traded funds (ETFs), etc.);
• Quality of services (including research);
• Competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest
rates, other fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate the prices;
• Reputation, financial strength, and stability; and
• Prior service to WealthCrossing and its other clients.
Your Brokerage and Custody Costs.
in addition
Schwab is compensated for its services according to its fee schedule, generally by charging
clients commissions or other fees on trades that it executes or that settle into their Schwab
account. Although WealthCrossing will seek competitive rates, it may not necessarily obtain
the lowest possible commission rates for all client account transactions. The fees charged by
the designated broker-dealer/custodian are exclusive of, and
to,
WealthCrossing’s investment advisory fees. Schwab charges clients a flat dollar amount as a
“prime broker” or “trade-away” fee for each trade that WealthCrossing executes by a
different broker-dealer but where the securities bought or the funds from the securities sold
are deposited or settled into the client’s Schwab account. These fees are in addition to the
commissions or other compensation clients pay the executing broker-dealer. Therefore, in
an attempt to minimize client trading costs, WealthCrossing directs Schwab to execute most
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if not all trades for client accounts. When doing so, WealthCrossing has determined that
having Schwab execute most trades is consistent with the duty to seek “best execution” of
client trades.
Products and Services Available To Us From Schwab.
Schwab Advisor Services™ (formerly called Schwab Institutional®) is Schwab’s business
serving independent investment advisory firms like us. They provide us and our clients with
access to its institutional brokerage services (trading, custody, reporting, and related
services), many of which are not typically available to Schwab retail customers. Schwab also
makes available various support services. Some of those services help us manage or
administer our clients’ accounts; while others help us manage and grow our business.
Schwab’s support services generally are available on an unsolicited basis (we do not have to
request them) and at no charge to us.
Schwab’s institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment
products, execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets. The investment
products available through Schwab include some to which we might not otherwise have
access or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by our clients.
These services benefit you and your account.
Schwab also makes available to us other products and services that benefit us but may not
directly benefit you or your account. These products and services assist us in managing and
administering our clients’ accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab’s own
and that of third parties. We may use this research to service clients’ accounts. In addition to
investment research, Schwab also makes available software and other technology that:
• Provide access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and
account statements)
• Facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client
accounts
• Provide pricing and other market data
• Facilitate payment of our fees from other clients’ accounts
• Assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client reporting
Schwab also offers other services intended to help us manage and further develop our
business. These services include:
• Educational conferences and events
• Consulting on technology, compliance, legal and business needs
• Publications and conferences on practice management and business succession
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• Access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance
providers
Schwab may provide some of these services itself. In other cases, it will arrange for third-
party vendors to provide the services to us. Schwab may discount or waive its fees for some
of these services or pay all or a part of a third party’s fees. Schwab can also provide occasional
business meals and entertainment to our personnel.
Our Interest in Schwab’s Services and Benefits and Related Conflict of Interest.
The availability of the services and products described above that we receive from Schwab
(the “Services and Products”) provide us with an advantage, because we do not have to
produce or purchase them. However, we do not have to pay Schwab or any other entity for
Services and Products that Schwab provides us. WealthCrossing’s clients do not pay more
for investment transactions executed and/or assets maintained at Schwab as a result of this
arrangement. The receipt of Services and Products are not contingent upon us committing
any specific amount of business to Schwab in trading commissions or assets in custody.
There is no corresponding commitment made by WealthCrossing to Schwab or any other
entity to invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific securities
or investment products as a result of the above. However, this arrangement nonetheless
incentivizes us to recommend that you maintain your account with Schwab, based on our
interest in receiving Schwab’s services that benefit our business rather than based on your
interest in receiving the best value in custody services and the most favorable execution of
your transactions. This presents a conflict of interest. When making such a recommendation,
however, we do so when we reasonably believe that recommending Schwab to serve as
broker-dealer/custodian is in the best interests of our clients. It is primarily supported by
the scope, quality, and price of Schwab’s services and not Schwab’s services that benefit only
WealthCrossing.
Best Execution Reviews.
WealthCrossing periodically evaluates the pricing and services offered by Schwab with those
offered by other reputable firms. WealthCrossing has sought to make a good-faith
determination that Schwab provides clients with good services at competitive prices.
Historically, WealthCrossing has concluded that Schwab is as good as or better than the other
firms that have been considered. WealthCrossing would notify its clients if it were to
determine that another firm offered better pricing and services than Schwab.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
WealthCrossing does not receive referrals from broker-dealers.
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Directed Brokerage
WealthCrossing does not generally accept directed brokerage arrangements (when a client
requires that account transactions be executed through a specific broker-dealer). In such
client directed arrangements, the client would negotiate terms and arrangements for their
account with that broker-dealer, and WealthCrossing would not seek better execution
services or prices from other broker-dealers or be able to “batch” the client’s transactions
for execution through other broker-dealers with orders for other accounts managed by
WealthCrossing. As a result, the client could pay higher commissions or other transaction
costs or greater spreads, or receive less favorable net prices, on transactions for the account
than would otherwise be the case. In the event the client directs WealthCrossing to effect
securities transactions for the client’s accounts through a specific broker-dealer, the client
correspondingly acknowledges that such direction may cause the accounts to incur higher
commissions or transaction costs than the accounts would otherwise incur had the client
determined to effect account transactions through alternative clearing arrangements that
may be available through WealthCrossing. Higher transaction costs adversely impact
account performance. Finally, transactions for directed accounts would generally be
executed following the execution of portfolio transactions for non-directed accounts.
Aggregation of Purchases or Sales
WealthCrossing will generally execute account transactions for each client independently,
unless WealthCrossing decides to purchase or sell the same securities for several clients at
approximately the same time. WealthCrossing may (but is not obligated to) combine or
“bunch” such orders to seek best execution, to negotiate more favorable commission rates,
or to equitably allocate differences in prices and commissions or other transaction costs
among WealthCrossing’s clients, which might have been obtained if the orders were placed
independently. Under this procedure, transactions will be averaged as to price and will be
allocated among clients in proportion to the purchase and sale orders placed for each client
account on any given day. WealthCrossing will not receive any additional compensation or
remuneration as a result of such aggregation.
Item 13 – Review of Accounts
Accounts under WealthCrossing’s management are monitored on an ongoing basis by its
advisers. The advisers review each account in detail on at least an annual basis, as well as in
connection with each client meeting. Reviews of client accounts will also be triggered if a
client changes their investment objectives, or if the market, political, or economic
environment changes materially.
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Clients receive account statements directly from their chosen custodian on at least a
quarterly basis. WealthCrossing may supplement these custodial statements with reports
provided during client meetings or as requested. WealthCrossing’s statements may vary
from custodial statements based on accounting procedures, reporting dates, or valuation
methodologies of certain securities.
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
As referenced in Item 12 above, WealthCrossing receives economic benefits from Schwab
including support services and products without cost or at a discount. WealthCrossing’s
clients do not pay more for investment transactions executed and assets maintained at
Schwab as a result of this arrangement. There is no corresponding commitment made by
WealthCrossing to Schwab or any other entity to invest any specific amount or percentage
of client assets in any specific mutual funds, securities, or other investment products as a
result of the above arrangement.
WealthCrossing does not compensate, directly or indirectly, any person, other than its
representatives, for client referrals. WealthCrossing may offer professional referrals to
clients for services it does not provide, such as legal services. The firm does not receive any
financial incentive for providing these referrals. Other professionals or clients may refer
prospective clients to WealthCrossing, but WealthCrossing does not compensate them for
referring a prospective client to WealthCrossing.
Item 15 – Custody
WealthCrossing has the ability to have its fees for each client debited by the custodian on a
quarterly basis. Clients are provided, at least quarterly, with written transaction
confirmation notices and regular written summary account statements directly from the
broker-dealer/custodian or program sponsor for the client accounts. WealthCrossing may
also provide a written periodic report summarizing account activity and performance.
WealthCrossing engages in other services on behalf of its clients that require disclosure in
ADV Part 1, Item 9. Some of the services subject the affected accounts to an annual surprise
CPA examination in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-2 under the Advisers
Act. Certain clients have also signed asset transfer authorizations that permit the qualified
custodian to rely upon instructions from WealthCrossing to transfer client funds to “third
parties.” These arrangements are also reflected at ADV Part 1, Item 9, but in accordance with
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the guidance provided in the SEC’s February 21, 2017 Investment Adviser Association No-
Action Letter, the affected accounts are not subjected to an annual surprise CPA examination.
To the extent that WealthCrossing provides clients with periodic account statements or
reports, WealthCrossing urges clients to carefully review those statements and compare
them to custodial account statements with the understanding that the information in
custodial account statements takes precedence over WealthCrossing’s periodic account
statements. WealthCrossing’s statements may vary from custodial statements based on
accounting procedures, reporting dates, or valuation methodologies of certain securities.
The account custodian does not verify the accuracy of WealthCrossing’s advisory fee
calculations.
Item 16 – Investment Discretion
WealthCrossing usually receives discretionary authority from the client at the outset of an
advisory relationship to select the identity and amount of securities to be bought or sold. In
all cases, however, such discretion is to be exercised in a manner consistent with the stated
investment objectives for the particular client account. When selecting securities and
determining amounts, WealthCrossing observes the investment policies, limitations, and
restrictions of the clients for which it advises.
Investment guidelines and restrictions must be provided from the client to WealthCrossing
in writing.
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
As a matter of firm policy and practice, WealthCrossing does not have any authority to and
does not vote proxies on behalf of advisory clients. Clients retain the responsibility for
receiving and voting proxies for any and all securities maintained in client portfolios.
However, in limited circumstances with respect to its management of trust accounts in which
the trust has designated a corporate trustee or co-trustee, WealthCrossing has agreed to vote
proxies. In these limited circumstances, the client will maintain exclusive responsibility for
all legal proceedings or other type events pertaining to the account assets, including, but not
limited to, class action lawsuits. WealthCrossing will vote applicable proxies in accordance
with its Proxy Voting Policy, a copy of which is available upon request. WealthCrossing will
monitor corporate actions of individual issuers and investment companies consistent with
WealthCrossing’s fiduciary duty to vote proxies in the best interests of its clients. Although
the factors which WealthCrossing will consider when determining how it will vote differ on
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a case-by-case basis, they may, but are not limited to include: a review of recommendations
from issuer management, shareholder proposals, cost effects of such proposals, effect on
employees and executive and director compensation. With respect to individual issuers,
WealthCrossing may be solicited to vote on matters including corporate governance,
adoption, or amendments to compensation plans (including stock options), and matters
involving social issues and corporate responsibility. With respect to investment companies
(e.g., mutual funds), WealthCrossing may be solicited to vote on matters including the
approval of advisory contracts, distribution plans, and mergers. WealthCrossing maintains
records pertaining to proxy voting as required pursuant to Rule 204-2 (c)(2) under the
Advisers Act. Copies of Rules 206(4)-6 and 204-2(c)(2) are available upon written request.
In addition, information pertaining to how WealthCrossing voted on any specific proxy issue
is also available upon written request. Requests should be made by contacting
WealthCrossing at (804) 237-1700
Item 18 – Financial Information
WealthCrossing does not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client
six months or more in advance. Therefore, a balance sheet is not required to be attached.
There is no known financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair WealthCrossing’s
ability to meet contractual commitments to clients, and WealthCrossing has not been the
subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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