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Plum Street Advisors LLC
BROCHURE
(Form ADV Part 2A)
PLUM STREET ADVISORS, LLC
Louisiana Office
1133 Lowerline Street
New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
Office: (504) 517-5107
Massachusetts Office
154 Wells Avenue, Suite 3
Newton, Massachusetts 02459
Office: (781) 514-5142
Web: plumstreetadvisors.com
Firm Contact
David Dirks
Chief Compliance Officer
Email: david.dirks@plumstreetadvisors.com
March 29, 2025
This brochure (“Brochure”) provides you with information about the qualifications and business practices of Plum
Street Advisors, LLC. It contains information that you should consider before becoming a client of our firm.
The information contained herein has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission or any state securities authority. Registration of an investment adviser firm does not
imply a certain level of skill or training. We have only filed the requisite registration documents with respective
governmental entities in the appropriate jurisdictions.
If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure, please contact us by telephone at (504) 517-
5107. Additional information about Plum Street Advisors, LLC (CRD No. 283917) can be found on the
Investment Adviser Public Disclosure website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by a search using the firm’s CRD
number.
Plum Street Advisors LLC
MATERIAL CHANGES
Plum Street Advisors Material Changes
This version of our Brochure, dated March 29, 2025, is an annual amendment. The following are the
changes to our business practices since our last amendment in March of 2024:
Advisory Services
Assets Under Management
We have updated our assets under management as required by regulations. We manage a total of
$359,819,474* in client assets on a discretionary basis. *Our asset values are based on calculations as of
December 31, 2024.
General Revisions
We have revised some language and content to ensure that our disclosures are concise and unambiguous.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
MATERIAL CHANGES ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
ADVISORY SERVICES ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
FEES AND COMPENSATION ............................................................................................................................................. 5
PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT .................................................................. 8
TYPES OF CLIENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 8
METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, AND RISK OF LOSS .................................................. 8
DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION...................................................................................................................................... 12
OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS ..................................................................... 13
CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION, OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL
TRADING ............................................................................................................................................................................... 13
BROKERAGE PRACTICES ................................................................................................................................................. 14
REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS .................................................................................................................................................. 16
CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION ............................................................................................ 17
CUSTODY .............................................................................................................................................................................. 17
INVESTMENT DISCRETION ............................................................................................................................................ 18
VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ......................................................................................................................................... 18
FINANCIAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................................ 19
ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES .......................................................................................................................................... 19
Important Information Regarding Retirement Accounts ..................................................................................... 19
ERISA Fiduciary Advisor ........................................................................................................................................... 19
Retirement Account Rollover Options ................................................................................................................. 19
CFP Board Disclosures .................................................................................................................................................. 19
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ADVISORY SERVICES
About Our Business
Plum Street Advisors, LLC (also referred to herein as “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a wealth management firm that offers
financial planning consultations and advice regarding portfolio management strategies. Our firm is a Louisiana
limited liability company with offices in Louisiana and Massachusetts. We began managing our clients’
investments and providing financial advice in July 2016.
Mr. James Osborn and Mr. David Dirks are members and principal owners of our firm. Both own equal interests,
and Mr. Osborn and Mr. Dirks are also investment advisor representatives. Mr. Dirks is the chief compliance
officer.
Types of Advisory Services
We are a boutique wealth management firm that provides customized, comprehensive, goals-based financial
plans and investment management strategies based on our client’s specific goals, objectives, and needs. A
detailed explanation of our services is as follows:
1. Combined Financial Planning and Portfolio Management Services
We interfuse financial planning methodologies and analyses with portfolio management services to assist clients
in reaching their financial goals. We develop a lifetime financial model by evaluating strategic plans and model
data relative to a client’s financial circumstances, investment goals and objectives, risk tolerance, and tax status.
Our report may include but is not limited to information that analyzes net worth, debts, consumption, retirement
goals, college plans, insurance, and estate planning matters.
Our discretionary portfolio construction and investment management services implement the lifetime financial
model and assist our clients in meeting their financial goals and objectives. Our investment advice encompasses
recommendations for building broadly diversified investment portfolios using exchange-traded funds, mutual
funds, and occasionally options.
As applicable, we also advise clients regarding investments or accounts held by different custodians, including,
but not limited to, annuities, plan participant 401(k) and 403(b) assets, donor-advised funds, and 529 plan
investments. We evaluate these assets or accounts as part of a client’s comprehensive financial circumstances
and recommend allocating assets among the various options available within the product or plan.
2. Retirement Plan Advisory Services
We provide investment advisory services to trustees and sponsors of retirement plans. Details regarding our
retirement plan advisory services are as follows:
Defined Benefit Plan Services. We provide advisory services to sponsors and trustees of defined benefit plans.
Our services include advice regarding plan design, investment strategies, analysis of allocations, and ongoing
investment performance monitoring. We also assist organizations with developing investment policy
statements, establishing procedures for the investment committee, evaluating vendor services, and providing
educational support services to plan participants. Our services may also include advice regarding records
management and plan administration.
Defined Contribution Plan Services. We provide consulting services to sponsors and trustees of ERISA and non-
ERISA defined contribution plans. Our advisory consultation services guide the plan with design and governance
assistance, vendor comparisons and cost analyses, investment policy reviews, and recommendations regarding
investment selection, allocation, monitoring, evaluation, and performance. Plan sponsors may also request that
we provide non-fiduciary consulting services, such as educational seminars, to help plan participants understand
the investment options offered by the plan. Consulting services to the plan and general education services may
be combined or provided separately.
3. Separately Managed Portfolio Services
We analyze, select, and recommend third-party investment management platforms of other investment advisors
with model portfolios and managed investment strategies to meet our client’s financial needs and objectives.
Third-party investment managers are institutional investment advisors who offer investment management
services through advisory platforms that generally focus on particular investment models, styles, and strategies.
We typically access these platforms by sub-advisory, co-advisory, or endorsement (solicitor’s) agreements.
Moreover, although we utilize separately managed portfolio services or third-party investment management
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platforms, we are responsible for ongoing monitoring and rebalancing of client assets, investments, and
accounts. Our firm currently recommends advisory services through the following platform(s):
Atom Investors LP (Atom)
Atom’s Index Pro platform uses quantitative models and tools to incorporate specifications for
benchmark tracking, factor or sector exposures, socially responsible investing (“SRI”) and
environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) values, other investment themes (e.g., artificial
intelligence, robotics, and clean energy), and tax management for a client’s investment assets.
Our firm reserves the right to use other or additional third-party investment management platforms for
separately managed portfolio services.
Tailored Services
Our advice and services are based on the individual needs of a client after analyzing and thoroughly evaluating
the client’s goals, objectives, investment horizon, and risk tolerance. Clients may impose restrictions on investing
in certain asset classes or specific types of securities by advising their investment advisor representative of such
limitations.
Wrap Fee Programs
We are not a participant in any wrap fee program.
Assets Under Management
We manage a total of $359,819,474* in client assets on a discretionary basis. *Our asset values are based on
calculations as of December 31, 2024.
FEES AND COMPENSATION
Advisory Fees
We earn fees and compensation by providing comprehensive financial planning advice, constructing portfolios,
and advising clients regarding specific investment strategies. Our advisory fees for services are as follows:
1. Combined Financial Planning and Portfolio Management Services
Portfolio Management Fee Schedule
Market Value of
Assets Under Management
Annual Rate
From: To:
$0
$ 500,001
$1,000,001
$2,500,001
$4,000,001
$ 500,000
$1,000,000
$2,500,000
$4,000,000
$7,500,000
$7,500,001 and above
0.90%
0.70%
0.60%
0.50%
0.30%
0.20%
Our advisory fees are calculated at blended rates.
A sample fee calculation is below:
Investments of $1,000,000
First $500,000 @ 0.90%
Next $500,000 @ 0.70%
Quarterly Fee of $2,000 | Annual Fee of $8,000
We charge an annual asset-based fee for combined financial planning and portfolio management services. Our
advisory fee assessments are based on the portfolio management fee schedule outlined above. Advisory fees
for combined financial planning and portfolio management services are non-negotiable due to our fees being
lower than most other firms offering comparable services.
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2. Retirement Plan Advisory Services
Retirement Plan Advisory Services Fee Schedule
Market Value of Plan Assets
Annual Rate
Up to $100,000,000
Up to 1.00% of Plan Assets
Defined Benefit Plan Services. In accordance with the fee schedule above, our management fees for defined
benefit advisory services are assessed at an annual rate of up to 1% of investable plan assets. Fees for services
are based on the value of the assets under management (or advisement) and the level of complexity involved in
managing the plan assets. Fee assessments for defined benefit advisory services may be allocated separately or
collectively among the various services for the plan and participants. Fees for defined benefit plan services are
negotiable. The final annual rate, as agreed upon, will be outlined in our plan advisory agreement.
Defined Contribution Plan Services. Our consulting fees for advisory services to defined contribution plans are
assessed at an annual rate of up to 1%, as outlined in the retirement plan advisory services fee schedule detailed
above. Fees are based on the type of services requested by the plan sponsor, such as the frequency of
consultations and the level of quantitative and qualitative details requested for the investment process
overviews and analyses. Advisory fees may be allocated separately or collectively among the different plan
advisory and general education services for participants. Fees for defined contribution plan services are
negotiable. The final annual rate, as agreed upon, will be outlined in our plan advisory agreement.
3. Separately Managed Portfolio Services
The aggregate advisory fees for separately managed portfolio services range up to 1.90% per annum. The
aggregate advisory fee includes fees payable to our firm and the third-party investment management platform.
Our firm will use the Portfolio Management Fee Schedule to assess fees for services. Advisory fees for the third-
party investment management platform range from 0.3% to 1.0% of the account value managed by the third-
party investment management platform. A minimum annual management fee of up to $2,500 may also apply.
More specific details are outlined in the third-party investment management platform’s Form CRS, Brochure,
advisory fee schedule, management agreement, and other disclosure documents. Our advisory fees are separate
from and in addition to the advisory fees payable to the third-party investment management platform. Besides
our advisory fees, we do not charge additional fees for recommending clients use a third-party investment
management platform. In our investment management agreement, we will disclose an aggregate fee based on
a client’s initial investment. Changes in the value of a client’s account or establishing additional accounts will
impact advisory fees and rates.
Billing Procedures
Please review the following for specific billing details:
1. Combined Financial Planning and Portfolio Management Services
Our advisory fees for combined financial planning and portfolio management services are annual asset-based
fees. Advisory fees for services are due and payable quarterly in arrears. Unless a client requests otherwise, we
use the aggregate value of all accounts for each client (i.e., household) for billing purposes. Advisory fees due
for any period of less than one calendar quarter shall be calculated pro rata, commencing on the date of the
client’s engagement of our firm. Accordingly, we transmit our advisory fee calculations to the account custodian
electronically shortly after the end of each calendar quarter. Upon signing our investment management
agreement, clients provide written authorization for our firm to deduct advisory fees directly from their specified
advisory account(s). If there are no assets with available liquidity to deduct advisory fees from the specified
advisory account(s), clients agree to pay advisory fees due by mailing a check to our address herein.
We send the advisory fee calculations to the account custodian electronically shortly after the beginning of each
calendar quarter. Advisory fee calculations are based on a percentage of the market value of the assets in the
account(s) as listed on a national securities exchange or the principal market where the securities are traded, at
the closing price, as of the last trading day of the calendar quarter, as supplied by the account custodian.
Additionally, billing valuations for fixed income securities often include accrued interest. Furthermore, margin
interest, if applicable, will accrue monthly. It is also important to note that due to differences in valuation dates
(trade date vs. settlement date), application of credits for accrued income, and/or accrued interest, if applicable,
asset values used for advisory fee billing can differ from the asset values shown on the account custodian’s
statement. Clients should contact our firm if there are questions regarding advisory fee billing calculations.
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2. Retirement Plan Advisory Services
Defined Benefit Plan Services. Unless otherwise agreed to by our firm and the plan trustees and sponsors, advisory
fees for defined benefit plan management services are billed quarterly in arrears. The fee assessment is based
on a percentage (or incremental percentages) of plan assets under management and the value of the plan assets
as of the close of trading on the last business day of the preceding quarter. Plan trustees and sponsors generally
provide written authorization for our firm to deduct advisory fees directly from plan assets.
Defined Contribution Plan Services. Fees for advisory consultation services are billed as mutually agreed to by the
plan sponsor and our firm. Advisory fees for defined contribution consultation services are typically payable
upon completion of the consultation session(s), although advisory fees may be deducted from plan assets. If
advisory fees are deducted from plan assets, the direct debit occurs quarterly in arrears. A quarterly advisory
fee assessment is based on a percentage (or incremental percentages) of plan assets under advisement and the
value of the plan assets as of the close of trading on the last business day of the preceding quarter. Advisory
fees for defined contribution plan consultations are typically deducted from plan assets.
3. Separately Managed Portfolio Services
Our advisory fees for separately managed portfolio services are billed and due quarterly in arrears. Advisory fee
assessments are based on the value of the assets in each account on the last day of the previous calendar quarter.
We deduct our portion of the advisory fees directly from the client’s account(s). The third-party investment
management platform deducts its advisory fees quarterly in advance. The third-party investment management
platform’s Form CRS, Brochure, advisory fee schedule, management agreement, and other disclosure documents
outline the specific billing procedures. Accordingly, pursuant to the client’s written authorization as incorporated
in the third-party investment management agreement, the third-party investment management platform
deducts its portion of the advisory fees directly from each client account on its platform.
Other Fees & Expenses
Clients will also incur additional third-party fees and expenses (“third-party fees”) related to managing
investments and advisory service provisions. These fees may include but are not limited to no-load mutual fund
ticket charges, brokerage transaction costs, deferred sales charges on previously purchased mutual funds,
individual retirement account (IRA) maintenance fees, and other legal or transfer fees. The account custodians,
broker-dealers, mutual fund companies, and others who provide account services charge these fees, and clients
are responsible for paying all third-party fees and expenses. Although, as of the date of this Brochure, our
account custodian does not charge transaction costs for trades in equity securities (i.e., stocks, exchange-traded
funds, etc.).
Additionally, there are more expenses when client assets are invested in mutual funds, exchange-traded funds,
money market mutual funds, closed-end funds, and other investment company securities. These are direct
internal expenses of the investment company that issues the securities, but a cost borne by investors (clients).
The specific fees and expenses are outlined in each mutual fund company prospectus.
Advisory fees paid to our firm are separate from the third-party fees detailed above. Please also refer to the
Brokerage Practices Section for information regarding the qualified account custodian that provides custody and
safekeeping services for our clients’ accounts.
Refund Policy
1. Combined Financial Planning and Portfolio Management Services
Clients terminate our investment management agreement for combined financial planning and portfolio
management services by providing fourteen (14) days advance written notice. Upon receiving a client’s request
to terminate services, we will assess advisory fees for applicable refunds. We do not charge advisory fees for
combined financial planning and portfolio management services in advance; therefore, advisory fee refunds are
typically not applicable. Nonetheless, any unearned portion of prepaid advisory fees will be refunded within ten
(10) business days of the date of termination.
2. Retirement Plan Advisory Services
Our retirement plan advisory agreement may be terminated with at least sixty (60) days’ advance written notice.
Upon receiving a client’s request to terminate retirement plan advisory services, we will assess advisory fees on
a pro rata basis, if applicable, to the date of receipt of the notice of termination. Any unearned portion of prepaid
advisory fees will be refunded within ten (10) business days of the date of termination.
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3. Separately Managed Portfolio Services
Separately Managed Portfolio Services may be terminated upon receipt of thirty (30) days’ prior written notice.
Upon receiving a client’s termination request to terminate separately managed portfolio services, we will assess
our advisory fees pro rata, if applicable, to the date of receipt of the notice of termination and refund advisory
fees within ten (10) business days of the date of termination. Additionally, we will inform the third-party asset
management platform of the termination request and ensure that fees are assessed pro rata and refunds issued
as outlined in the third-party asset management platform’s service agreement.
In all instances of termination, any balance for unpaid fees due to our firm will be collected prior to the
disbursement of refunds, if applicable. If we are unable to deduct final advisory fees from a client’s account(s),
such as in the case of an account transfer, we will transmit a final advisory fee invoice, which is due upon receipt.
Clients pay final advisory fee invoices by mailing a check to our address.
Other Compensation
Neither our firm nor investment advisor representatives accept compensation for the sale of securities or other
investment products. Our investment advisor representatives are not registered in any investment sales
capacity.
PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
We do not charge performance-based fees or conduct side-by-side investment product management.
TYPES OF CLIENTS
We generally provide investment advice to individuals, high net worth individuals, and charitable organizations.
We do not impose a minimum portfolio/investment value. Nonetheless, third-party investment management
platforms typically have minimum investment requirements that vary by program.
METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, AND RISK OF LOSS
Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
Our firm generally utilizes fundamental analysis methods to analyze investments. Our primary sources of
information include, but are not limited to, research materials prepared by others, the inspection of corporate
activities, financial newspapers and magazines, annual reports, prospectuses, and corporate press releases.
The investment strategies recommended by our firm focus on strategic asset allocation. Our general
recommendations consist of exchange-traded funds and mutual funds for long-term growth and income. Four
key features highlight our investment strategies:
Asset Allocation
Asset allocation is the attempt to identify classes of securities that have distinct characteristics of risk and return.
Examples of “asset classes” are U.S. large-company stocks, U.S. small-company stocks, value stocks, foreign
stocks, and high-quality bonds. Plum Street Advisors’ goal is to combine these asset classes (and others) into a
diversified portfolio that most efficiently maximizes return per unit of risk for clients. We generally utilize
investments that accurately represent specific asset classes, such as low-cost index mutual funds, asset class
mutual funds, and exchange-traded funds.
Active Rebalancing
We set target ratios for each position we hold in a client’s account. When positions deviate significantly from
their target ratios, we will buy or sell investments to reallocate a portfolio to its target ratios. A client’s target
ratios may also change over time as securities markets change or a client’s circumstances change. However, we
do not engage in short-term market timing. If a client adds a significant amount of cash to a portfolio, we may
invest the cash, if appropriate, over a period of months, using a strategy called “dollar-cost averaging.”
Limiting Costs
We believe that costs significantly impact investment returns, and we attempt to reduce the total costs of
investing as much as possible. We generally utilize low-cost index mutual funds, asset class mutual funds, and
exchange-traded funds with low internal expense ratios and low internal turnover rates. We do not use funds
with internal sales charges, commissions, or “loads” such as 12b-1 fees or contingent deferred sales charges.
Moreover, we do not engage in short-term trading.
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Active Tax Management
We utilize several strategies to minimize taxes on investments. These strategies, among others, may include
allocating investments for investors with high taxable incomes to tax-deferred accounts, using tax-exempt
investments, realizing taxable losses, and utilizing funds with low turnover rates and small capital gains
distributions. We also attempt to limit the turnover of investments in client portfolios to minimize the realization
of taxable capital gains.
A strategic asset allocation strategy involves the periodic and less frequent rebalancing of a somewhat set
allocation of various asset classes to maintain a long-term goal for the asset allocation based on an investor’s
risk tolerance, goals, and investment time frame. On the other hand, a tactical asset allocation strategy is an
active management portfolio strategy that adjusts the percentage of various asset classes. The adjustment
includes strategies to protect cash or cash equivalents in periods of heightened volatility to take advantage of
market pricing anomalies or strong market sectors.
While our investment strategies focus primarily on strategic asset allocation, we recommend and employ the
methods and techniques that best meet our clients’ investment goals and objectives. It is important to note that
because market conditions can vary greatly, asset allocation guidelines are not necessarily strict rules. Instead,
we review accounts individually and may deviate from the guidelines as necessary or appropriate. The specific
strategy or portfolios that we recommend will depend on market conditions and our research at the time of the
recommendation.
Material Risks of Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
We utilize conventional analysis methods and investment strategies, and even so, some material risk remains.
Performance and capital preservation are not guaranteed; continually changing market conditions create the
necessity of periodically re-evaluating each position in the account portfolio. Mutual funds will be assessed
regularly against other comparable funds. A pattern of poor performance by a mutual fund over time will result
in the mutual fund being eliminated from our strategy. We anticipate investing primarily in low-cost index
mutual funds, asset class mutual funds, passively and actively managed exchange-traded funds, and occasionally
options.
INVESTING IN SECURITIES INVOLVES A RISK OF LOSS THAT CLIENTS SHOULD BE PREPARED TO BEAR.
Clients should know that all securities and investment strategies have various risks. While it is impossible to
name all potential risks associated with our specific methods of analysis and investment strategies, some risks
are as follows:
• General Market Risk. Markets fluctuate, as a whole, up or down on various news releases or for no apparent
reason. This uncertainty means that, at times, the price of specific securities could go up or down without
clear, discernible reason and may take some time to recover any lost value. Adding additional securities may
not minimize this risk since all securities may be affected by market fluctuations. Market fluctuations will
ultimately affect a client’s portfolio holdings.
• Financial Risk. All companies have exposure to financial risks. Excessive borrowing to finance business
operations decreases profitability because the company must meet the terms of its obligations in good and
bad economic times. During periods of financial stress, the inability to meet loan obligations may result in
the company having to file for bankruptcy and/or the declining market value of a company’s securities. All
businesses are susceptible to financial risks at some point in a business cycle. When we invest in a company
with excessive debt, that company’s financial risk could negatively affect a client’s portfolio holdings.
• Asset Allocation Risk. The asset classes represented in a client’s portfolio holdings can perform differently
from each other at any given time and over the long term. A client’s portfolio holdings will be affected by
the allocation among equity securities, mutual funds, cash equivalents, and, occasionally, options. If any asset
class that comprises a client’s holdings underperforms, the performance of other asset classes may suffer.
•
• Time Horizon Risk. A client may require the liquidation of portfolio holdings earlier than the anticipated
stated time horizon. If liquidations occur during a period when portfolio values are low, the client will not
realize as much value as he/she would have, had the portfolio holdings had the opportunity to gain value (or
regain value) as investments frequently do.
Investment Company Securities Risk. Investments in investment company securities (“mutual funds”) and
exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) have risks. This risk disclosure focuses on mutual funds. See specific details
regarding ETF risks below. The risks associated with investing in mutual funds involve substantially the same
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risks as investing directly in the underlying securities (i.e., general market risks, interest rate risks, financial
risks, time horizon risks, liquidity risks, etc.). There is also a risk that a mutual fund may not achieve its
investment objective or execute its investment strategy effectively, which may adversely affect the
performance of a client’s portfolio. Additionally, clients pay a pro rata portion of the fees and expenses
associated with mutual funds, which will likely impact the value of a client’s portfolio holdings.
• Exchange-Traded Fund Risk. Risks associated with investing in exchange-traded funds (ETFs) may be
unrecognized. ETFs are offered for all asset classes, industries, sectors, markets, etc. There are two (2)
general management styles for ETFs: passive and active. Details regarding the management techniques and
associated risks are as follows:
Passively Managed ETFs represent an interest in a portfolio of securities designed to track an underlying
benchmark or index. These ETFs typically seek to track an underlying benchmark or index; the ETF may or
may not hold all securities in the underlying benchmark or index. ETFs are also subject to price variations.
ETFs trade throughout the day, and market prices are generally at or near the most recent net asset value
(NAV). However, certain market inefficiencies may cause the shares to trade at a premium or discount to
the stated NAV. For example, a high volume of market liquidations may cause ETFs to trade below the value
of the underlying NAV.
Actively Managed ETFs are designed to outperform an index. These portfolios generally expose a high
percentage of its net assets to a fixed list of investments (e.g., U.S. exchange-listed equity securities, U.S.
exchange-traded funds that provide exposure to U.S. exchange-listed equity securities, U.S. exchange-listed
equity securities of non-U.S. issuers, including the securities of non-U.S. issuers traded on U.S. exchanges in
the form of depository receipts, etc.). The ETF may also have exposure to futures, other derivatives, and
long and short positions, all of which may not perform as expected. These securities are subject to the risk
that they may not effectively outperform the index, industry, or other markets that they intend to
outperform. In addition to the risk that expenses reduce returns, that ETF portfolio managers’ strategies are
not successful, and that the investment is illiquid and has low trading volume, there is the risk that the
investment may not perform as expected, resulting in losses.
Moreover, as with any security, there is no guarantee that an active secondary market for such ETF shares
will continue to exist. Also, the redemption of ETFs can be limited. Only an authorized participant (generally
broker-dealers that act as liquidity providers) may engage in the creation or redemption transactions of an
ETF. Furthermore, ETFs typically have a limited number of broker-dealers that may act as authorized
participants. To the extent that authorized participants exit the business or are unable to proceed with
creation or redemption orders, and no other authorized participant can step forward, the liquidity of an ETF
is likely to be impacted and could face trading halts or delisting.
• Nontraditional Exchange-Traded Fund Risk. Nontraditional exchange-traded funds (ETFs) include
leveraged, inverse, or inverse-leveraged ETFs. Levered ETFs seek to deliver multiples of the performance
of an underlying index or benchmark for a specified period (usually a single day). Inverse ETFs are generally
“short positions” seeking to deliver the opposite of an underlying index or benchmark for a specified period
of time. Inverse-leveraged ETFs seek to deliver multiples of the opposite of an underlying index or
benchmark for a specified period. Due to the effect of compounding, their performance over more extended
periods of time can differ significantly from the performance, which can be magnified in volatile markets.
Inverse ETFs reset daily and are designed to achieve their stated objectives daily.
Nontraditional ETFs are not long-term investments. They are extremely speculative and can be quite volatile.
Investments in nontraditional ETFs should be monitored continually to ensure that the risks associated with
such investments remain appropriate for a client’s portfolio holdings, especially during volatile markets when
risks intensify.
• Risks Specific to Third-party Investment Platforms. Investing client assets with another investment advisor
involves risks. Such risks include the realization that the money managers are not as qualified as we believe
them to be, that the securities or investment strategies that the money managers use are not as liquid as we
would typically use in client’s portfolios, or that the money manager’s risk management guidelines are more
liberal than we would typically employ. Additionally, the investment strategy implemented by a third-party
money manager may involve an above-average portfolio turnover that could negatively impact the net after-
tax gain experienced by a client. Also, portfolio holdings used in the money manager’s investment strategy
are usually exchanged or transferred without regard to clients’ personal tax ramifications.
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• ESG Investment Risk. Typically, ESG investing means buying and selling investments that seek to address
environmental, social, and governance issues. ESG investing is qualitative and subjective by nature. Since
there is no standardized industry definition of ESG categories, choosing an ESG investment is based on our
subjectivity in choosing criteria of investments that meet specific socially responsible interests expressed by
our clients. In evaluating ESG-centric mutual funds and exchange-traded funds, we review information and
data obtained from third-party reporting sources regarding ESG practices.
Nonetheless, there is no guarantee that the sources are accurate or complete in that the issuers of ESG
investments may change their practices over time. Additionally, there is no guarantee that the ESG
investments utilized by our firm will reflect the philosophy of any particular ESG issue. The factors used by
our firm to choose ESG investments may differ from the factors that any particular mutual fund or exchange-
traded fund considers relevant in evaluating its own ESG practices.
• Margin Risk. Margin is a loan issued to clients that permits leverage of current portfolio holdings, increases
buying power for investments, facilitates advanced trading strategies (e.g., options, short sales, etc.), or is
used as a line of credit. When margin is used as leverage, clients seek to enhance returns through the use
of leverage. Leverage can be described as exposure to changes in the price of an investment at a ratio
greater than 1:1 relative to the amount invested.
Clients who elect to trade on margin will enter into a separate agreement directly with the account
custodian’s clearing firm. If a client requests margin and the strategy aligns with the investment goals that
we have implemented, we will instruct the client to complete and submit the account custodian’s margin
application for approval.
Using margin as leverage magnifies both the favorable and unfavorable effects of price movements in the
investments placed on margin, which may subject the portfolio holdings to a substantial risk of loss. If there
is a sudden, steep drop in the value of one or more portfolio holdings, the aggregate value of a client’s
holdings may also decline. An additional risk is that we may not be able to liquidate assets quickly enough
to meet margin or borrowing obligations during market declines. The obligation to meet additional margin
or other payment requirements could worsen as the value of portfolio holdings declines.
Also, acquiring and maintaining portfolio holdings on margin allows clients to hold positions that are worth
significantly more than the investment in those positions. The amount that a client stands to lose in the
event of adverse price movements is higher in relation to the amount of the investment. Also, since margin
is a loan subject to interest, using margin increases account expenses.
Clients should refer to the margin agreement with the account custodian’s clearing firm for all terms and
conditions of a margin arrangement, including all related fees and expenses.
• Options Transactions Risk. Options are subject to risk factors that include volatility, lack of liquidity in
underlying markets, state of the economy, and any legal, political, or geographic event that impacts the
underlying security. The purchase or sale of options involves the payment or receipt of a premium payment
and the corresponding right or obligation, as the case may be, to either purchase or sell the underlying
security for a specific price at a certain time or during a certain period. Purchasing options involves the risk
that the underlying security does not change in price in the manner expected so that the option expires
worthless and the investor loses the premium. On the other hand, selling options involves potentially greater
risk because the investor is exposed to the actual price movement in the underlying investment in excess of
the premium payment received. For more information regarding the risks associated with options, please
read the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options brochure, which can be found at this link:
www.theocc.com.
• Cybersecurity Risk. Our advisory services depend on various computer and telecommunication
technologies, many of which are provided by or are dependent on third-party service providers. Our ability
to operate successfully could be severely compromised by a system or component failure, delays in data
transmission, telecommunication failure, power loss, a software-related system crash, unauthorized system
access or use (such as “hacking”), computer viruses, worms, and similar programs, fire or water damage,
human errors in using or accessing relevant systems, or various other events or circumstances. These events
may impact trading processes for client advisory accounts.
Providing comprehensive and foolproof protection against all such events is impossible. We cannot provide
any assurance about the ability of applicable service providers to continue providing services.
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Any event that interrupts our computers, telecommunication systems, or operations could compromise our
services for an extended time period and cause client advisory accounts to experience losses, including
preventing trading, modifying, liquidating, and/or monitoring the portfolios.
Cyber incidents can generally result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events and are not limited to
gaining unauthorized access to digital systems, misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting
data, or causing operational disruption, including denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cybersecurity
failures or breaches that affect our advisory services or service providers can cause disruptions to our
operations, potentially causing clients to experience financial losses, the inability to access advisory
accounts, and other damages.
• Regulatory and Governmental Risk. Changes in laws and regulations can change the value of securities.
Certain industries are more susceptible to government regulation. If portfolio holdings are invested heavily
in a particular sector or industry, correlating changes in zoning, tax structure, or specific industry regulations
could impact returns or holdings.
• Risks Related to Public Health Issues. Our advisory business could be adversely affected materially by
pandemics, epidemics, and global or regional outbreaks of disease, such as but not limited to COVID-19,
Ebola, H1N1 flu, H7N9 flu, H5N1 flu, or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Significant public
health issues, including any occurrence or recurrence (or continued spread) of an outbreak of any epidemic,
infectious disease, or virus, could cause a slowdown in the levels of economic activity generally (or cause
the global economy to enter into a recession or depression), which could adversely affect our advisory
business, financial condition, and operations. Should these or other major public health issues arise or
materially impact the day-to-day lives of persons around the globe, our firm could be adversely affected by
more stringent travel restrictions, additional limitations on operations, or business and/or governmental
actions limiting the movement of people between regions and other activities or operations.
• Reliance on Advisor. The performance of clients’ portfolio holdings depends on the skill and expertise of our
firm’s staff to make appropriate investment decisions. The success of client portfolios depends on our firm’s
ability to develop and implement investment strategies and apply investment techniques and risk analyses
to achieve a client’s investment objectives. Subjective decisions made by us may cause portfolios to incur
losses or to miss profit opportunities that may otherwise have been capitalized. For example, our portfolios
may include tailored investment features that influence the implemented investment strategies.
Additionally, as financial markets change, we may choose to invest in other securities when it aligns with our
specific portfolio management strategy.
• Business Continuity Risk. In the event of a significant business disruption, unforeseeable event, or natural
disaster that causes a total or partial outage affecting our offices or a technical problem affecting
applications or networks, our advisory activities may be adversely impacted. Service providers may also fail
to perform, and any disruption in the infrastructure that supports our operations may curtail our ability to
conduct business.
To mitigate such risks, we have adopted a business continuity plan to implement recovery strategies
designed to maintain critical functions and limit the impact of any business interruption or disaster on client
activities or business transactions.
Notwithstanding the method of analysis or investment strategy used by our firm, the assets within an investment
portfolio face the risk of devaluation or loss. Please note that various events can influence the value of assets or
portfolio holdings, including but not limited to changes in the financial viability of companies, market
fluctuations, shifts in exchange rates, trading interruptions and delays, economic reports, and natural disasters.
Although this information summarizes potential events that may impact investments, this list is not exhaustive.
INVESTING IN SECURITIES INVOLVES A RISK OF LOSS THAT CLIENTS SHOULD BE PREPARED TO BEAR.
CLIENTS MAY LOSE ALL OR A SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT OF THEIR INVESTMENT.
Recommendation of Specific Types of Securities
Our advice generally involves making recommendations regarding exchange-traded funds and mutual funds. We
may also incorporate other securities into the portfolio construction process.
DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Neither our firm nor its management personnel has been involved in any industry-related legal or disciplinary
event.
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OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
Financial Industry Activities
Our firm is not a registered broker-dealer, and we do not have an application pending for registration.
Additionally, neither our management personnel nor investment advisor representatives are registered as
broker-dealer representatives or have applications pending for registration as such.
Financial Industry Affiliations
Neither our management nor investment advisor representatives are registered as a Futures Commission
Merchant, Commodity Pool Operator, or Commodity Trading Advisor, nor have applications pending to register
as the foregoing or associated persons thereof.
Other Affiliations
We do not have an affiliated entity. Further, we do not have arrangements with a related person that is a broker-
dealer, municipal securities dealer, government securities dealer or broker, investment company, or other pooled
investment vehicle (including mutual fund, closed-end investment company, unit investment trust, private
investment company, or “hedge fund,” and offshore fund), other investment advisor or financial planner, futures
commission merchant, commodity pool operator, or commodity trading advisor, banking or thrift institution,
accountant or accounting firm, lawyer or law firm, pension consultant, real estate broker or dealer, sponsor or
syndicator of limited partnerships not already disclosed herein.
Other Investment Advisers
We select and recommend third-party investment management platforms for clients. Please review the Types
of Advisory Services and Fees and Compensation Sections for more details regarding Separately Managed
Portfolio Services and the advisory fees associated with such services. Generally, these arrangements are
governed by solicitor’s arrangements or sub-advisory agreements, and clients are required to enter into a
separate agreement with the recommended third-party investment management platform.
The compensation derived from advisory products and services of other investment advisors (e.g., third-party
investment management platforms) can result in a substantial concentration of products and services that
benefit our firm. To mitigate or remedy conflicts of interest, we fully disclose these arrangements to clients
before recommending other investment advisors.
To continually assess conflicts of interest and advise clients accordingly, our chief compliance officer periodically
reviews the model portfolios and strategies offered by any third-party investment management platform to
ensure client suitability, cost efficiencies, and advisory fee reasonableness.
CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION, OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND
PERSONAL TRADING
Code of Ethics
We require that all employees of Plum Street Advisors act ethically and professionally. Our management
persons, investment advisor representatives, and other employees (collectively, “personnel”) subscribe to a strict
code of professional standards and ethics (“Code of Ethics”). Our Code of Ethics is constructed to comply with
the investment advisory laws and regulations that require firms to act as fiduciaries in transactions with their
clients. Our inherent fiduciary duty requires that we act solely in our clients’ best interests and adhere to
standards of utmost integrity in our communications and transactions. These standards ensure that clients’
interests are given precedence.
Accordingly, we have implemented comprehensive policies, guidelines, and procedures that promote ethical
conduct and practices by all personnel. The foregoing has been compiled and is collectively referred to as our
Code of Ethics. We adopted our Code of Ethics to specify and prohibit certain types of transactions that create
conflicts of interest (or perceived conflicts of interest) and establish reporting requirements and enforcement
procedures related to personal securities transactions by our personnel.
Our Code of Ethics, which specifically deals with our fiduciary duty, professional standards, insider trading,
personal trading, and gifts and entertainment, establishes our ideals for ethical conduct based on the
fundamental principles of openness, integrity, honesty, and trust.
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We will provide a copy of our complete Code of Ethics to any client or prospective client upon request.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
We do not recommend that clients buy or sell securities in which our firm, an affiliate, or a subsidiary has a
material financial or ownership interest.
Personal Trading
Proprietary Trading
We will, at times, buy or sell securities for our firm account and personal accounts of our employees that we
have also recommended to clients. We will always document any transactions that could be construed as a
conflict of interest. Conflicts of interest relative to trades for our firm account or employees (“personal
accounts”) may present in many different contexts. Some conflicts of interest related to personal trades include
trading ahead to obtain a better transaction execution price than clients, recommendations or trades based on
financial interest, trading on information that is not available to the public, or structuring transactions in a manner
so that the results are profitable for the firm’s account or an employee’s (or any related) account. To mitigate or
remedy any conflicts of interest or perceived conflicts, we monitor internal trading reports for adherence to our
Code of Ethics.
Simultaneous Trading
We are likely to buy or sell investments for our firm account and the personal accounts of our employees at or
around the same time as clients. As summarized above, our Code of Ethics requires us to (1) act in accordance
with all applicable federal and state regulations, (2) act in the best interest of clients, (3) preclear transactions in
private placements or initial public offerings, and (4) review personal securities transactions by employees to
confirm adherence. Our chief compliance officer performs the personal securities transaction reviews. In any
instance where similar securities are purchased or sold, we will uphold our fiduciary duty by ensuring that
transactions benefit our clients’ interests.
BROKERAGE PRACTICES
Selection and Recommendation
We recommend account custodians after evaluating several factors. The factors include but are not limited to
relatively low fees and expenses, execution capabilities, reputation, access to securities markets, and expertise
in handling brokerage support processes. We may also consider the availability of other products and services
that benefit our clients, many of which are not typically available to retail (nonadvisory) clients.
Our firm maintains a custodial services agreement with Charles Schwab & Co. (hereinafter, “Schwab”). Schwab
is a registered broker-dealer (member of FINRA and SIPC). We are participants of Schwab’s institutional services
platform for independent investment advisors (known as Schwab Advisor Services™).
While we recommend that clients use Schwab as an account custodian, clients ultimately decide whether to do
so and will open an account by entering into an account agreement directly with Schwab. We do not open the
account, although we may assist clients in doing so. As outlined in the Other Fees & Expenses Section, there
are other costs and expenses related to managing the investments of clients’ accounts and advisory service
provisions.
Although Schwab generally does not charge clients separately for custody services, it is usually compensated by
charging transaction fees on trades and assessing account maintenance fees. Schwab is also compensated by
the interest it earns on the uninvested cash (i.e., Schwab money market mutual funds) in client accounts and may
be compensated by a client’s investments in other products and services offered through Schwab Advisor
Services™.
Schwab also makes available other products and services that benefit our firm but may not directly benefit
clients’ accounts. Services provided by Schwab are not otherwise contingent upon our firm committing any
specific amount of business to Schwab. The products and services assist us in managing and administering our
clients’ accounts. Such services include investment research, both Schwab’s own and that of third parties. We
may use this research to service all or a substantial number of clients’ accounts, including accounts not
maintained at Schwab. In addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available software and other
technology that:
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•
•
•
•
•
Provides access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
statements)
Facilitates trade execution and allocates aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts
Provides pricing and other market data
Facilitates the payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts
Assists with back-office functions, recordkeeping, and client reporting
Additionally, Schwab offers other services to help us manage and further develop our business enterprise. These
services include:
•
•
•
•
•
Educational conferences and events
Consulting on technology, compliance, legal, and business needs
Publications and conferences on practice management and business succession
Access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants, and insurance providers
Marketing consulting and support
Our firm may receive some of the services listed above, and in other cases, Schwab will arrange for third-party
vendors to offer these services. Schwab may also discount or waive its fees for some of the services or pay all
or a part of a third party’s fees. Schwab may also provide us with other benefits, such as the occasional business
entertainment of our personnel.
Therefore, as a result of our established service agreement, cost implications, operational support, and custodial
and other services provided, Schwab receives preferential status in recommending account custodians to our
clients for our advisory transactions.
Notwithstanding our agreement with Schwab, we reserve the right to use other or additional firms for
safekeeping, custody, and clearing services.
1. Soft Dollar Benefits
As a participant of an institutional services platform, we receive ancillary soft dollar benefits to support our
advisory accounts and certain operational processes. The soft dollar benefits include but are not limited to
duplicate client confirmations and bundled duplicate statements, access to a trading desk serving platform
participants exclusively, access to block trading, which provides the ability to aggregate securities transactions
and then allocate the appropriate shares to client accounts, mechanisms to facilitate the deduction of advisory
fees directly from client accounts, access to an electronic communication network for order entry and account
information; receipt of compliance publications, and access to other products and services that are generally
available to only institutional platform participants.
As of the date of this Brochure, we have not entered into any agreement with an account custodian, broker-
dealer, or any other third party to receive soft dollar credits. Soft dollar credits are earned from clients’ securities
transactions as a result of an increase in transaction costs or commissions and subsequently used to pay for the
research or other products or services provided by an account custodian. Therefore, although we receive
ancillary soft dollar benefits, our firm does not earn soft dollar credits.
If Schwab discounts or waives fees related to client transactions or custodial services or pays for all or a part of
any third party’s fees, our receipt of these benefits from Schwab creates conflicts of interest. Such arrangements
would incentivize us to recommend Schwab rather than other account custodians.
Nonetheless, our receipt of ancillary platform services and discount or waived service fees from Schwab does
not diminish our duty to act in our clients’ best interests. This includes, among other things, seeking best
execution of trades for client accounts (i.e., the best fees, services, and execution for client account transactions).
2. Brokerage for Client Referrals
We do not receive client referrals from broker-dealers or other third parties in exchange for using any particular
broker-dealer.
3. Directed Brokerage
(a) As previously stated, we recommend that clients utilize Schwab. Our service agreement with Schwab is
designed to maximize trading efficiencies and cost-effectiveness on behalf of our clients. By recommending that
clients use Schwab as an account custodian, we seek to achieve the most favorable results relative to trading
costs, allocation of funds, and rebalancing client investments.
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(b) We also permit clients to direct brokerage. If a client prefers a particular account custodian, we will notify
the custodian of our advisor-client relationship and proceed accordingly. However, we are typically limited in
negotiating transaction costs or obtaining best execution under such arrangements. Also, we are unable to
aggregate trades. As a result of not being able to aggregate trades, there are disparities in transaction costs
among clients who use our recommended account custodian versus clients who prefer to use their own. More
importantly, there are likely higher costs associated with brokerage transactions under a directed arrangement
Order Aggregation
In the ordinary course of business, we may (but are not obligated to) block or aggregate trade orders for advisory
accounts. Commonly referred to as “block trading,” this process is used to execute transactions more timely,
equitably, cost-effectively, and efficiently.
When we block or aggregate trades, we purchase or sell the same securities for several accounts. Upon
execution, purchase and sell orders receive an average price, and shares are allocated proportionally among
aggregated accounts. This practice is reasonably likely to result in an administrative convenience for our firm
and an overall economic benefit to clients. Clients benefit relatively from averaged purchase or sell execution
prices, beneficial timing of transactions, or a combination of these and other factors. Our firm does not receive
any additional compensation or remuneration as a result of trade order aggregation. This process also allows
our firm to exercise more control over the execution by potentially avoiding any adverse effect on the price of
a security that could result from simultaneously placing many separate, successive, and/or competing client
trades. Block or aggregate trades do not ordinarily result in reduced advisory fees, lower transaction costs (if
applicable), or the elimination of other expenses that clients incur as a result of trading for advisory accounts.
If we decide that order aggregation is in the best interest of clients, before aggregating trades, we will prepare
a written allocation statement specifying each advisory account that will participate in the aggregated order and
the anticipated allocation among the accounts if the order is filled completely. If the order is filled partially,
allocations are made according to our judgment of each client’s best interest, and our firm will document such
allocation decisions. Each account participating in a block trade will pay or receive the average price for all
shares included in the transactions for such securities on that day, including applicable transaction costs.
When allocating aggregated trades, we must treat each client fairly and equitably, and any change to an
allocation must be explained in writing and approved by our chief compliance officer promptly, generally no later
than one hour after the opening of the markets on the trading day after the day we executed the trade orders.
Our firm’s chief compliance officer reviews transactions periodically to detect and prevent inefficiencies that
result from noncompliance with our order aggregation policies and procedures.
REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
Periodic Reviews
Our criteria for reviewing client accounts are as follows:
1. Combined Financial Planning and Portfolio Management Services
We review client account portfolios no less than quarterly. Each investment advisor representative of the firm
reviews the accounts under his or her purview. Our firm’s chief compliance officer, David Dirks, is responsible
for oversight of the review processes. Our reviews consist of ongoing monitoring and analysis to determine
whether client portfolios and strategies continue to align with target allocations. If necessary, we will reallocate
assets or buy or sell investment assets that align with a client’s financial goals and objectives. Formal reviews of
portfolio holdings are conducted at least annually or more frequently at the request of any client.
Our lifetime financial models are based on the financial data that clients provide our firm. Updates to the
planning data are provided during one or more meetings prior to delivering the lifetime financial model report.
After presenting the final version of the lifetime financial model, we may provide additional updates on an ad
hoc basis. Still, formal reviews are conducted no less than annually. Please note that clients are responsible for
providing updates to the financial information in the lifetime financial model and other confidential
questionnaires.
2. Retirement Plan Advisory Services
Defined Benefit Plan Services. We review the defined benefit plan assets under our management at least annually
or more frequently as market or economic conditions dictate. Depending on the terms of engagement, we
review the plan design, recommend allocation adjustments, and monitor investments to ensure conformance
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with the plan’s investment policy statement. Our management recommendations are monitored continuously
for changes in market activity that necessitate changes in investment styles or allocations.
Defined Contribution Plan Services. Our reviews of defined contribution plans are limited and based solely on the
specific services provided to the plan. Some services may require continual reviews, while others will require
reviews at least quarterly or as needed to ensure alignment with the investment design and policies of the plan.
Plan participants will not receive any scheduled reviews or ongoing reports as a result of our general educational
services. These services do not include personalized investment advice.
3. Separately Managed Portfolio Services Monitoring
We review the activity of separately managed accounts no less than annually. We perform a detailed review of
clients’ holdings to ensure that the investment objective of the third-party investment management platform
continuously aligns with the client’s financial goals. This process includes reviewing the various asset classes,
investment management styles, and risk/return requirements of the portfolios. If reallocation is necessary, we
may select or recommend different portfolios or third-party investment management platforms.
Intermittent Review Factors
Substantial market fluctuation, economic, business, or political events, or changes in a client’s financial status
(such as retirement, termination of employment, relocation, or inheritance) will prompt us to conduct ad hoc
reviews of holdings and accounts. Clients are urged to notify us promptly if other material changes affect the
financial information that we rely on to provide advice and recommendations.
Client Reports
We issue written quarterly performance reports to clients regarding their portfolio holdings. In addition to
performance data, these reports include statements of gains and losses and a financial market summary. Please
review our performance statements carefully, comparing the asset values in our reports to those indicated in the
account statements issued by the account custodian. It is important to note that due to different accounting
procedures, reporting dates, or valuation and pricing methodologies for certain securities, the asset values on
our firm's performance statements will vary from the values on the account custodian’s statements.
In addition to our reports, clients receive transaction confirmations from the account custodian shortly after
trading activity (buys or sells). Additionally, the account custodian will send monthly statements for each month
in which there is trading activity. Clients will receive account statements quarterly if there is no monthly trading
activity.
CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
Economic Benefits for Advisory Services
Other than ancillary soft dollar benefits disclosed in the Brokerage Practices Section above, we do not have any
arrangement to receive economic benefits from any third party for providing advisory services to our clients.
Client Referrals
Referrals to Other Professionals
When the need arises, we refer clients to other professionals such as accountants, attorneys, private bankers,
insurance brokers, etc. Our firm does not currently accept referral fees or other forms of remuneration for client
referrals. Moreover, we do not compensate any individual, company, or organization for referrals. Furthermore,
clients are not obligated to engage the services of other professionals that we refer. Clients retain absolute
discretion over all such engagement decisions and are free to accept or reject any recommendation by our firm.
Separately Managed Portfolio Services
Due to our Separately Managed Portfolio Services offering, we have entered into agreements to act as an
unaffiliated third-party endorser (solicitor). Please review the Separately Managed Portfolio Services and Other
Investment Advisors Sections for details. Our referral agreements and applicable compensation arrangements
comply with SEC rule 206(4)-1.
CUSTODY
Custodian of Assets
We do not hold physical custody of clients’ funds or securities. We require that qualified account custodians
hold clients’ funds and securities in accounts for safekeeping. For more information regarding the account
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custodian that provides custody and safekeeping services for our clients’ accounts, please review the Brokerage
Practices Section for details.
Our firm has indirect custody of client funds and securities because of our authorization and ability to deduct
advisory fees directly from our clients’ account(s). We also have indirect custody due to utilizing asset movement
authorizations to process client requests for account disbursements (e.g., checks, journals, ACH requests, wires,
etc.) from their portfolios.
Nonetheless, in all instances of indirect custody, we have implemented the regulatory safeguard requirements
by ensuring the safekeeping of clients’ funds and securities by a qualified account custodian and implementing
the requisite account custodian internal control procedures for safeguarding client assets.
Account Statements
The account custodian sends monthly or quarterly electronic notifications to clients regarding the availability of
account statements. Clients are advised to review these account statements carefully, comparing asset values,
activity, holdings, allocations, performance, and advisory fee deductions on current statements to the
information in the previously received account statements, trade confirmations, and advisory fee invoices.
INVESTMENT DISCRETION
Discretionary Authority
It is customary for our firm to exercise discretionary trading authority to manage and direct clients’ investment
assets (i.e., accounts, funds, and securities). This authority is granted upon a client’s execution of our investment
advisory agreement.
Discretionary trading authority is used to implement investment decisions regarding a client’s investment assets
without prior consultation with the client. Such investment decisions include determining the types and dollar
amounts or percentages of securities bought or sold and reinvesting investment assets. All investment decisions
implemented under discretionary authority are made in accordance with a client’s documented investment
objectives and risk tolerance. Upon a client’s request, we may also use margin if the client has completed a
margin application. We can also instruct the account custodian, broker-dealer, or trustee of the client’s
investment assets to accept and deliver securities or other assets to the client.
Clients may advise us in writing of limitations on our discretionary authority at any time during our advisory
engagement. For example, clients may impose restrictions on investing in securities in specific industries or
countries and limit the dollar amounts or percentages of investments in any asset class.
While we allow clients to advise us of the desire to impose restrictions, such restrictions will generally not apply
to the management of the underlying securities in mutual funds and exchange-traded fund portfolio holdings, if
applicable. Also, onerous limitations may adversely affect the third-party investment management platform’s
ability to manage a client’s investment assets. Therefore, clients may be limited in imposing limitations because
some restrictions may affect the outcome of our recommended portfolio management strategies. When clients
impose onerous restrictions, we may exercise our option to terminate services as outlined in the Refund Policy
Section. We will address each request on a case-by-case basis.
VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
Our firm does not cast proxy votes on behalf of clients. We may provide information to clarify the issues in
proxy solicitation materials; however, our clients are responsible for casting proxy votes. Clients are also
responsible for directing shareholder action items relative to mergers, acquisitions, tender offers, bankruptcy
proceedings, and other types of events about the securities held in accounts managed by us.
Clients receive proxy solicitations and information regarding shareholder action items either by mail or
electronically from the account custodian or transfer agent. Clients must follow the instructions for voting or
directing the shareholder action outlined in the mailing or electronic delivery.
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FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Balance Sheet Requirement
Our firm does not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in advisory fees per client six (6) months
or more in advance. Moreover, we do not meet any custody requirement that would require us to submit our
balance sheet.
Discretionary Authority, Custody of Client Funds or Securities and Financial Condition
We use discretionary trading authority to supervise and direct the investments of clients’ accounts. Additionally,
we have indirect custody of client funds and securities because of our authorization and ability to deduct
advisory fees directly from our clients’ accounts. We also have indirect custody when we process client’s
requests for asset disbursements (e.g., journals, checks, ACH requests, wires, etc.) from their portfolios. More
importantly, we do not have any financial condition that will impair our ability to meet contractual commitments
to clients.
Bankruptcy Petition Filings
Our firm has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition during the past ten (10) years.
ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES
This section covers other information related to our advisory business but not specifically mentioned
previously.
Important Information Regarding Retirement Accounts
ERISA Fiduciary Advisor
As a result of providing fiduciary investment advice to plan sponsors, plan participants, and IRA owners, our firm
is a Fiduciary Advisor under Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended
(ERISA), and as applicable, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). For details regarding our
services, please review the Types of Advisory Services Section. We will provide additional disclosures at the
time of providing advice or making recommendations regarding any retirement savings account.
Retirement Account Rollover Options
Clients have options regarding retirement account rollovers. Existing clients or new clients leaving an employer
typically have four (4) options regarding assets in an existing retirement plan. They may:
1. roll over the assets to the new employer’s plan, if available, and rollovers are permitted;
2.
leave the assets in the former employer’s plan, if permitted;
3. roll over the assets to an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”); or
4. cash out the account value (tax consequences generally apply).
If our firm recommends that a client roll over retirement assets into an account that we will manage, such a
recommendation creates a conflict of interest because our firm will earn fees as a result of the rollover. As a
Fiduciary Advisor, our firm mitigates this conflict of interest by disclosing it and ensuring that a recommendation
to roll over retirement savings is in a client’s best interest.
No client is under any obligation to roll over retirement savings to an account managed by our firm.
CFP Board Disclosures
Our firm employs CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNERTM professionals Christophe J. Cadiou, Andrew J. Pellegrino,
James Osborn, and Alisa M. Skatrud. Please review each CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNERTM professional’s
Brochure supplement for details regarding the conferment of the CFP® professional designation. Accordingly,
we also adhere to the CFP Board’s Standards of Professional Conduct.
We encourage clients to review the information outlined in this Brochure, our disclosure document. We
welcome any questions that clients may have regarding our services (see the Advisory Services Section) and
compensation (see the Fees and Compensation Section).
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Plum Street Advisors LLC
Should any material changes occur to the information outlined in this Brochure, updates will be provided to
clients in a reasonable time frame, generally within thirty (30) days as required by advisory regulations. We
acknowledge our responsibility to adhere to the standards established by the CFP Board’s Standards of
Professional Conduct, including the duty of care of a fiduciary, as defined by the CFP Board.
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