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FIRM BROCHURE
Part 2A of Form ADV
March 19, 2025
The Clark Group Asset Management
24941 Dana Point Harbor Drive, Suite C210
Dana Point, CA 92629
Phone: (949) 558-3898
(866) 229-5733
Fax: (949) 558-3901
www.clarkgroupam.com
Part 2A of Form ADV (the “Brochure”) provides information about the qualifications and
business practices of The Clark Group Asset Management. If you have any questions about
the contents of this Brochure, please contact us at (949) 558-3898 and/or
eric@clarkgroupam.com. The information in this Brochure has not been approved or
verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state
securities authority.
The Clark Group Asset Management is a registered investment adviser with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission; however, such registration does not imply a certain
level of skill or training and no inference to the contrary should be made.
Additional information about The Clark Group Asset Management and its investment
adviser representatives also is available on the SEC’s website at adviserinfo.sec.gov.
March 19, 2025
The Clark Group Asset Management
Form ADV Part 2A
ITEM 1: COVER PAGE
Please refer to the previous page.
ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES
The Clark Group Asset Management ("CGAM") is amending this Brochure to provide the
following updated information:
Item 4 – Advisory Business – updated assets under management to reflect amount as of
December 31, 2024.
The previous annual amendment of this Brochure was dated March 19, 2024.
Pursuant to SEC Rules, CGAM will ensure that clients receive a summary of any materials
changes to this Brochure within 120 days of the close of CGAM’s fiscal year, along with a copy
of this Brochure or an offer to provide the Brochure. Additionally, as CGAM experiences
material changes in the future, we will send you a summary of our "Material Changes" under
separate cover. For more information about the firm, please contact eric@clarkgroupam.com.
Additional information about CGAM and its investment adviser representatives is available on
the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
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ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item Number
Page
ITEM 2: MATERIAL CHANGES ............................................................................................................................................. 2
ITEM 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................................. 3
ITEM 4: ADVISORY BUSINESS .............................................................................................................................................. 4
ITEM 5: FEES AND COMPENSATION .................................................................................................................................. 8
ITEM 6: PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT .................................................11
ITEM 7: TYPES OF CLIENTS ................................................................................................................................................12
ITEM 8: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS ....................................13
ITEM 9: DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION ..........................................................................................................................15
ITEM 10: OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS ............................................... 15
ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND
PERSONAL TRADING ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
ITEM 12: BROKERAGE PRACTICES .................................................................................................................................16
ITEM 13: REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS ....................................................................................................................................22
ITEM 14: CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION ............................................................................23
ITEM 15: CUSTODY ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
ITEM 16: INVESTMENT DISCRETION ....................................................................................................................... 24
ITEM 17: VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES ................................................................................................................. 25
ITEM 18: FINANCIAL INFORMATION ....................................................................................................................... 25
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ITEM 4: ADVISORY BUSINESS
A. Description of Firm
The Clark Group Asset Management is a Dana Point, California-based investment management
firm founded in 2005 and registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC")
in 2012. CGAM offers customized investment management services to individuals, high net
worth clients, pension and profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates, corporations, and other types of
business entities. Some of the investment instruments CGAM advises its clientele on include,
among other things, investment company securities, equity exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"),
equities, and fixed income. CGAM periodically sends newsletters, e-mails, and other
correspondence of general market information and items of interest to its clients and prospective
clients on a complimentary basis. In addition, CGAM can occasionally hold complimentary
informational/educational investment seminars for its clients and prospective clients.
CGAM currently is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser as a DBA under the legal
name of Pachira Investments, Inc., conducting business in a number of states, which are reflected
in Part 1 of our Form ADV, a copy of which can be found on www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
The principal owners of CGAM are Ray Clark, who serves as the Firm’s Founder and CEO, and
Eric Cedergreen, President and Chief Compliance Officer.
B. Types of Advisory Services Offered
CGAM provides its clientele with asset management services on a discretionary and non-
discretionary basis. Through this process, complementary financial analysis services also are
offered for client’s long-term planning purposes.
Complimentary Financial Analysis
CGAM’s investment advisory services are comprised of two stages. During the first stage,
CGAM gathers essential information from the client in order to conduct a financial analysis of
the client’s current financial situation. At the conclusion of this assessment, CGAM will make
certain investment recommendations based upon its findings and the client’s expressed needs. In
stage two, CGAM will implement those agreed upon recommendations and actively manage the
client’s account.
1. Financial Analysis
CGAM’s investment advisory services begins with a Financial Analysis. First, CGAM conducts
a complimentary initial consultation during which time pertinent information about the client’s
financial circumstances and objectives is collected. Next, the Firm reviews and analyzes the
information provided by the client and then offers recommendations designed with the intention
of achieving the clients’ stated financial goals and objectives.
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The Financial Analysis is based on the client’s financial situation at the time the analysis is
conducted and is supported by the information disclosed by the client to CGAM. As the client’s
financial situation, goals, objectives, or needs change, the clients are strongly urged to promptly
notify the Firm.
At the conclusion of the Financial Analysis, CGAM will make certain recommendations for
short- and long-term planning and investments which can or will include advice regarding
existing investment accounts and various asset allocation and risk management strategies. Clients
are free at all times to accept or reject any or all recommendations made by the Firm. Clients
retain the authority and discretion on whether or not to implement CGAM’s recommendations.
All Financial Analyses are offered as a complimentary service to CGAM asset management
clients.
2. Asset Management Services
After the client discusses the proposed recommendations by CGAM, CGAM will implement
such recommendations as mutually agreed upon. The client will receive those advisory services
as outlined within CGAM’s investment advisory agreement and in Item 4.B of this Brochure.
Please note that other investment advisers can offer similar services, with costs that are higher or
lower than those obtainable from CGAM. Please refer to Item 5 below for important detailed
information on fees.
CGAM provides its investment management service by offering clients a tailored investment
management solution that encompasses domestic, international and emerging market equities
consisting of common stocks, exchange traded funds (“ETFs”), exchange traded notes (“ETNs”),
mutual funds, options and publicly traded real estate investment trusts (‘REITs”). In addition,
we may invest in fixed income instruments, including government bonds, municipal bonds,
corporate bonds, high yield bonds, foreign bonds, CDs, ETFs, ETNs, mutual funds, short-term
fixed income instruments and certain preferred stocks. Approximately 2% of a client’s portfolio
generally is held in cash. Based on market conditions and the client’s risk tolerance, a client’s
cash position could significantly increase (e.g., and have a weighting of up to 100%).
Additionally, and when considered appropriate, taking into account a client’s risk tolerance, and
suitability information, the Firm can or will recommend the use of Private Equity/Private Funds,
and individual private equity issues. The Private Funds recommended will usually be equity
based however, other types of funds can be considered or used when appropriate.
CGAM manages all client assets on a fully discretionary basis and in some cases, on a non-
discretionary basis. In exercising full discretionary authority CGAM selects, without first
obtaining client’s permission: the securities to be bought and sold; the amounts of securities to be
transacted and whether it will be individually, or block traded. Discretionary authority can be
subject to conditions imposed by a client. This can occur when a client restricts or prohibits
transactions in a security for a specific company or for an industry sector. While CGAM
generally allows clients to impose reasonable restrictions on the types of securities and/or
industries they do not want to be included in their portfolio, each client assumes responsibility
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for informing CGAM of any changes to these restrictions or to their overall investment
objectives.
CGAM selects investments based on analysis performed by CGAM, and once implemented, are
monitored to ensure the investments continue to meet CGAM's overall investment objective and
criteria. For investment selection, CGAM advises on investments based upon research of market
data and ongoing market and performance analytics. Once this fundamental analysis is
completed, securities can be added to client portfolios and thereafter, are continuously monitored
for imbalances or shifts.
3. Financial Planning Services
CGAM’s financial planning services range from comprehensive financial planning to more
focused consultations, depending on the needs of each client. Generally, CGAM evaluates the
client’s financial, business and investment information and makes recommendations designed
with the intention of achieving the client’s overall financial goals and objectives. Clients should
understand that a conflict of interest exists because CGAM has an incentive to recommend its
own investment management services as CGAM receives additional compensation for such
services. Advice and recommendations can also be given on non-securities matters. Clients
always have the right to accept or reject any or all recommendations made by CGAM. Should
clients decide to act on such recommendations, clients always have the right to decide with
whom they choose to do so.
Financial planning recommendations are based on the client’s financial situation at the time the
recommendations are provided and are based on the information provided by the client. In
addition, certain assumptions can be made with respect to interest and inflation rates, use of past
trends, performance of the market and economy. Past performance is in no way an indication of
future performance and CGAM cannot offer any guarantees or promises that the client’s
financial goals and objectives will be met. As a client’s financial situation, goals, objectives, or
needs change, the client is strongly urged to promptly notify CGAM. For more information on
the risks associated with investing, please refer to Item 8, below.
Please refer to Item 5 below for detailed information on fees and compensation for these
services.
C. Information Relating to All CGAM Services
The investment advice provided by CGAM is customizable, with each client's portfolio managed
based upon the individual needs, objectives, and other financial goals of the client. At the onset
of the client relationship, CGAM memorializes each client’s investment objectives, risk
tolerance, investment guidelines, time horizons and other important and necessary information in
an Investment Profile Questionnaire. The information provided, together with any other
information relating to the client's overall financial circumstances, will be used by CGAM to
determine the appropriate portfolio asset allocation and investment strategy for each client.
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CGAM will not assume any responsibility for the accuracy of the information provided by the
client. CGAM is not obligated to verify any information received from the client or from the
client's other professionals (e.g., attorney, accountant, etc.) and is expressly authorized to rely on
such information. Under all circumstances, clients are responsible for promptly notifying
CGAM in writing of any material changes to the client’s financial situation, investment
objectives, time horizon, or risk tolerance. Additionally, and when considered appropriate, taking
into account a client’s risk tolerance, and suitability information, the Firm can or will
recommend the use of Private Equity/Private Funds, and individual private equity issues. The
Private Funds recommended will usually be equity based however, other types of funds can be
considered or used when appropriate.
In the event that a client notifies CGAM of changes in the client’s financial circumstances or to
the information in their Investment Profile Questionnaire, CGAM will review such changes and
recommend any necessary revisions to the client’s portfolio. CGAM makes every effort to meet
with clients in person or over the phone no less than annually to review the client’s investment
goals and current advisory portfolios. Advisory representatives are also available during normal
business hours to consult with clients.
D. Advisory Agreements
Prior to engaging CGAM to provide investment advisory services, the client will be required to
enter into one or more written agreements with CGAM setting forth the terms and conditions
under which CGAM shall render its services (collectively the "Agreement"). In accordance with
Rule 204-3 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended ("Advisers Act"), CGAM
will provide a brochure and one or more brochure supplements to each client or prospective
client prior to or contemporaneously with the execution of an investment advisory agreement.
The Agreement between CGAM and the client will continue in effect until terminated by either
party pursuant to the terms of the Agreement. CGAM's annual fee shall be prorated through the
date of termination as defined in the Agreement and any remaining balance shall be charged or
refunded to the client, as appropriate, in a timely manner.
Neither CGAM nor the client can assign the Agreement without the consent of the other party.
Transactions that do not result in a change of actual control or management of CGAM shall not
be considered an assignment.
E. Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, the following represents the amount of client assets under
management by CGAM on a discretionary and non-discretionary basis:
Type of Account
Assets Under Management
("AUM")
Discretionary
Non-Discretionary
Total:
$245,913,192
$45,893,576
$291,806,768
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ITEM 5: FEES AND COMPENSATION
A. Advisory Fees
CGAM charges fees based on a percentage of assets under management. The fee charged by
CGAM for its advisory services will be set forth in each client’s written agreement with CGAM.
Although CGAM believes its advisory fees are competitive, clients should be aware that lower
fees for comparable services can be available from other sources.
Asset Management Fees
CGAM generally charges an annual asset management fee, which is a flat percentage rate
determined upon engagement and based on the amount of a client’s assets managed by the Firm.
The percentage rate is negotiable and based on the following ranges:
Assets Under Management
0 to $499,999
$500,000 to $999,999
$1,000,000 to $2,999,999
$3,000,000 to $9,999,999
Over $10,000,000
Annual Advisory Fee
Up to 2%
Up to 1.75%
Up to 1.50%
Up to 1.25%
Up to 1.00%
When determining the amount of a client’s assets under management, CGAM will consider all
investment management accounts which constitute the "household" of the client’s assets.
Typically, a client's household consists of any spouse, parent, child, partner, or sibling.
The asset management fee is calculated and billed quarterly in advance based on the market
value (including cash, cash equivalents, accrued interests and dividends, and any margin
balance) of a client’s assets under management ("AUM") as of the close of business on the last
business day of the preceding calendar quarter.
Unless otherwise waived in CGAM’s sole discretion, the Firm requires a minimum account size
of $250,000 to open an account. CGAM reserves the right to waive or reduce any account
minimums, management fees and/or performance fees (as further described below) with respect
to any client and for any of the Firm’s employees and/or family members. Please note that the
Firm has clients with similar portfolios which are assessed different fees based on a variety of
factors, including account size, longevity of time as a CGAM client, investment strategy
employed, potential for providing additional assets to CGAM to manage and amount of
personalized servicing requested. All fees are subject to negotiation subject to CGAM’s sole
discretion. Furthermore, the Firm can negotiate fees with future advisory clients that are
different than the fees discussed herein.
Should a client open an account during the quarter, management fees will be prorated for assets
held for a partial quarter based on the number of days that the account was open during the
quarter. In the event that CGAM's services are terminated mid-quarter, the annual fee shall be
prorated through the date of termination as defined in the Agreement and any earned, unpaid
balance will be immediately due and payable by client, and any pre-paid unearned fees will be
promptly refunded to the client. CGAM does not prorate fees for any partial additions and
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withdrawals made during each billing quarter.
If a client has a margin account, our asset management fee will be based on the full value of the
account, including any margin balance. Clients need to be aware that having a margin balance
increases the amount of fees paid to us. In addition, a client with a margin account is charged
margin interest by the custodian on the margin balance in the client’s account.
As authorized in the written client agreement, asset management fees are deducted from a
client’s managed account(s). At the beginning of each calendar quarter, CGAM sends a billing
statement to each client’s custodian for payment. Clients will receive a periodic (at least
quarterly) account statement from the custodian, reflecting among other things, any advisory
fees withdrawn by the custodian and paid to CGAM. Clients are urged to compare statements
received by third parties, such as the client’s custodian, with any statements sent by CGAM. For
more information on the reports CGAM provides to clients, please refer to Item 13, below.
Performance Based Fees
For certain qualified clients, as further defined in Item 6 below, CGAM offers a performance-
based fee (i.e., a fee calculated based on a share of capital gains upon or capital appreciation of
the assets or any portion of the assets of an advisory client). The performance fee is payable
only if, and to the extent that, the net capital appreciation of the client’s capital account exceeds
the high-water mark established previously (as adjusted for additions and/or withdrawals of
capital). The assessment of performance-based fees and any allocations based on performance
will be done in accordance with all requirements for such compensation arrangements as
specified under Rule 205-3 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”) and
rules promulgated thereunder, including the requirement that such fees can be charged only to
“qualified clients” as that term is defined in Rule 205-3(d). For clients receiving performance-
based fees who terminate their Agreement with the Firm during a performance period, the Firm
can or will, in its sole discretion prorate fees owed upon termination by valuing the client’s
account as of the end of the day upon which CGAM receives termination notice, and then apply
the performance fee, if any, at that point.
Financial Planning Services Fees
For Financial Planning services, the Firm generally charges a fixed fee and/or an hourly fee. The
Firm’s fixed fees can be assessed as a one-time fee, or an ongoing fee dependent upon the
services received. Generally, rates range from $500 to $10,000 on a fixed fee basis, or from
$250 to $350 on an hourly rate basis, based on the scope and complexity of the requested
services, as stipulated in the Agreement. These rates can be negotiated based on the sole
discretion of the Firm.
Clients are generally requested to pay 50% of the estimated fee upon execution of the
Agreement. An invoice for services is issued on completion of the written analysis, which is
payable upon receipt. Clients can terminate the Agreement, without penalty, at any time upon
written notice. At the time of termination, any prepaid fees will be prorated based on the amount
of work completed by the Firm as of the date, the notice of termination is received, and any
unearned fees will be returned to the client.
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B. Other Fees and Expenses
Clients should understand that the advisory fees described in the sections above do not include
certain charges imposed by third parties such as custodial fees, mutual fund fees and expenses.
Client assets also can or will be subject to transaction costs, deferred sales charges on mutual
funds initially deposited in the account, 12b-1 fees, odd-lot differentials, transfer taxes, wire
transfer and electronic fund fees, and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and securities
transactions.
Client assets invested in mutual funds will be subject to certain fees and expenses imposed
directly by mutual funds to their shareholders, which shall be described in each fund's
prospectus. These fees will generally include a management fee, other fund expenses, and a
possible distribution fee. These fees are generally referred to as a fund’s “expense ratio” and the
fees are deducted at the mutual fund level when calculating the fund’s net asset value (“NAV”)
and have a direct bearing on the fund’s performance. If the sponsor also imposes sales charges,
a client can or will pay initial or deferred sales or surrender charge. In addition, some open-end
mutual funds offer different share classes of the same fund, and one share-class can have a
higher expense ratio than another share class. The most economical share class will depend on
certain factors, including the amount of time the shares are held by a client and the amount a
client will be investing. Mutual fund expense ratios vary by mutual fund, so it is important that
clients read the mutual fund prospectus to fully understand all the fees charged.
When purchasing mutual funds for clients’, CGAM will purchase the lowest cost mutual fund
share class that is available at the time of the purchase. For new clients that hold any mutual
funds when opening an account with CGAM, we will determine whether such mutual fund
remains suitable for the client’s current objective and if believed to be, then CGAM will check
to see if a lower cost share class is available and transfer the client’s mutual fund holding into
such share class.
Transaction costs also factor into the overall costs when investing in mutual funds. Such costs
can be charged by the broker-dealer for both purchases and redemptions. Some custodians offer
certain higher share class mutual funds for purchase at no transaction fee. Due to that, CGAM
will purchase a more expensive share class when the firm determines, based on facts and
circumstances that such transaction would be the most economical for clients to purchase.
CGAM also will transfer a client into a lower cost share class at a later time if the firm
determines it is beneficial for the client and such share class becomes available. However, there
are times when CGAM does not have access to lower cost share classes, which mainly happens
when a client’s custodian does not offer a lower cost share class or a client’s investment amount
does not meet the share class minimum investment requirement.
Additionally, clients can incur brokerage commissions and other execution costs charged by the
custodian or executing broker-dealer in connection with transactions for a client's account.
Clients should further understand that all custodial fees and any other charges, fees and
commissions incurred in connection with transactions for a client’s account will be paid out of
the assets in the account and are exclusive of and in addition to the fees charged by CGAM.
Some clients can have a relational account agreement with CGAM whereby they maintain
personal brokerage accounts at Schwab for which CGAM can trade at the client’s instructions.
On these occasions, the client will pay the normal brokerage commission charges from such
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account(s) but will not be charged an advisory fee from CGAM.
The fees charged to a client’s account lowers the overall performance of the account.
Therefore, clients should review all applicable direct and indirect fees charged, including but
not limited to custodian fees, transaction fees, fees associated with investments (e.g., mutual
funds), and advisory fees to fully understand the total amount of fees to be paid by the client
and to thereby evaluate the advisory services being provided.
ITEM 6: PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENT
The Firm will offer a performance fee arrangement with qualified clients. A qualified client is
either (1) a client with a minimum of $1,100,000 invested with the Firm, or (2) a client with a
minimum net worth, exclusive of primary residence value, of $2,200,000. Such fees are subject
to individualized negotiation with each such client. The Firm will structure any performance fee
arrangement subject to Section 205(a)(1) of the Adviser Act in accordance with the available
exemptions thereunder, including the exemption set forth in Rule 205-3. In measuring clients'
assets for the calculation of performance fees, the Firm shall include realized and unrealized
capital gains and losses. Fees are contingent on “Net Account Growth,” so unless the account
balance increases from a prior “high-water mark,” the performance fees are waived.
Performance Fees are calculated quarterly in arrears and are due on the first day of the following
calendar quarter. The initial account balance will always be zero with the initial high-water mark
established by adding Client’s contributions and transfers (as of the day in which such
contributions/transfers are received). Thereafter, a new high-water mark is established whenever
the account value (adjusted dollar for dollar on contributions and/or prorated for redemptions)
on the last business day of the quarter is higher than the previous high-water mark. The Firm
fees and trading costs will reduce the account value, but not the high-water mark.
The Firm will ask for the client’s written authorization to directly debit performance-based fees
from the client’s account through the custodian. The Firm will send an electronic Fee Statement
to the custodian indicating only the amount of the fee to be debited by the custodian. It is the
client’s responsibility to verify the accuracy of the fee calculation and to understand that the
custodian will not determine whether the fee is properly calculated. The custodian will send to
the client a statement, at least quarterly, but generally monthly, indicating all amounts disbursed
from the account including the amount of the advisory fees paid directly to the Firm.
In charging performance fees to client accounts, there exists a conflict as the Firm can receive
greater fees from client accounts having a performance-based compensation structure than from
those accounts where the Firm only charges a fee unrelated to performance (e.g., an asset-based
fee). As a result, the Firm has an incentive to direct the best investment ideas to, or to allocate
or sequence trades in favor of, the account that pays a performance fee. The Firm also has an
incentive to make riskier investment decisions and recommendations in pursuit of higher
investment performance. The Firm’s side-by-side management of accounts that are charged an
asset-based fee and accounts that are charged a performance-based fee is governed by the
Firm’s internal policies and procedures and Code of Ethics (see Item 11, below), which are
designed and implemented to ensure that all clients are treated fairly and equitably, and to
prevent the conflicts described above from influencing the allocation of investment
opportunities among clients. Performance-based fee structures could also create an incentive
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for the Firm to over-value certain assets held by clients. The Firm has adopted policies
designed to promote fair, accurate and current valuations of securities and
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portfolios. The Firm utilizes, to the fullest extent possible, the most recent prices reported by
the largest securities exchange on which such securities are traded and/or qualified custodians
for timely valuation information for advisory client securities and portfolios.
ITEM 7: TYPES OF CLIENTS
A. Description
CGAM provides investment management and complementary financial analysis services to
individuals, pension and profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates, corporations and business entities.
B. Conditions for Managing Accounts
CGAM imposes a minimum account size of $250,000 but reserves the right to waive the
minimum or decline a potential client for any reason in its sole discretion. A Client can make
cash additions to and/or withdrawals from Client’s account(s) at any time. Client acknowledges
that cash will be made available for withdrawal only when transactions effected to raise cash are
settled. This could take several days dependent upon the type of investment and/or market
conditions.
Prior to engaging CGAM to provide any of the investment advisory services described in this
Brochure, the client will be required to enter into one or more written agreements with CGAM
setting forth the terms and conditions under which CGAM shall render its services.
When CGAM provides investment advice to a client, we are deemed a fiduciary under certain
federal regulations, and within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing
retirement accounts. The way the firm makes money creates conflicts of interest; however, as a
fiduciary, CGAM and our supervised persons are required to always act in our clients’ best
interests, which means we must, at a minimum take the following steps:
• Meet a professional standard of loyalty and care when making investment
recommendations.
• Always put our clients’ interests ahead of our own when making recommendations and
providing services.
• Disclose conflicts of interest and how the Firm addresses such conflicts. Adopt and follow
policies and procedures designed to help ensure that we give advice and provide services
that remain in each client’s best interest.
• Charge an advisory fee that is reasonable for our services.
• Not provide, or withhold, any information that could render our advice and/or services
misleading.
If a Client’s account is a pension or other employee benefit plan governed by the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), CGAM can be a fiduciary to
the plan. In providing our investment management services, the sole standard of care imposed
upon us is to act with the care, skill, prudence and diligence under the circumstances then
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prevailing that a prudent man acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use
in the conduct of an enterprise of a like character and with like aims. CGAM will provide
certain required disclosures to the "responsible plan fiduciary" (as such term is defined in
ERISA) in accordance with Section 408(b)(2), regarding the services we provide and the direct
and indirect compensation we receive by such clients. Generally, these disclosures are contained
in this Form ADV Part 2A, the client agreement and/or in separate ERISA disclosure documents
and are designed to enable the ERISA plan’s fiduciary to: (1) determine the reasonableness of all
compensation received by CGAM; (2) identify any conflicts of interests; and (3) satisfy reporting
and disclosure requirements to plan participants.
ITEM 8: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF LOSS
A. Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
Generally, CGAM uses a variety of analytical information to assist with its security analysis.
Such information can include fundamental and technical analysis. The primary sources of
information used by CGAM include market news reports, financial publications, outside research
reports, prospectuses, and interpretation of exchange market data.
The investment strategies CGAM can or will pursue on behalf of clients can include long- and
short-term purchases, shorting strategies, option writing including covered options, uncovered
options or spreading strategies. CGAM can or will recommend, on occasion, redistributing
investment allocations to diversify the portfolio in an effort to reduce risk and increase
performance. CGAM can recommend specific investments to increase sector weighting and/or
dividend probability or can recommend employing complete cash positions as a possible hedge
against market movement which can or will adversely affect a client’s portfolio. Cash holdings
will be represented by either money market funds or cash equivalents.
Additionally, CGAM can or will recommend selling positions for reasons that include, but are
not limited to, harvesting capital gains or losses, business or sector risk exposure to a specific
security or class of securities, overvaluation or overweighting of the position(s) in a client's
portfolio, change in the risk tolerance of the client, or any risk deemed unacceptable for the
client's risk tolerance.
B. Material Risks
Investing in securities involves a significant risk of loss. CGAM's investment recommendations
are subject to various markets, currency, economic, political and business risks, and such
investment decisions can or perhaps will not always be profitable. Clients should be aware that
there can or will be a loss or depreciation to the value of the client's account, which clients should
be prepared to bear. There can be no assurance that the client’s investment objectives will be
obtained and no inference to the contrary should be made. Clients are advised that they should
only commit assets for management that can be invested for the long term, that volatility from
investing can occur, and that all investing is subject to risk and consequently, the value of the
client’s account can or will at any time be worth more or less than the amount invested.
Generally, the market value of stocks will fluctuate with market conditions, and small-stock
prices generally will fluctuate more than large-stock prices. The market value of bonds will
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generally fluctuate inversely with interest rates and other market conditions prior to maturity and
will equal par value at maturity. Interest rates for bonds can be fixed at the time of issuance, and
payment of principal and interest can be guaranteed by the issuer and, in the case of U.S.
Treasury obligations, backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. The market value
of Treasury bonds will generally fluctuate more than Treasury bills, since Treasury bonds have
longer maturities. Investments in overseas markets also pose special risks, including currency
fluctuation and political risks, and it can or will be more volatile than that of a U.S. only
investment. Such risks are generally intensified for investments in emerging markets. Small-cap
stocks can be subject to a higher degree of risk than more established companies' securities. The
illiquidity of the small-cap market can adversely affect the value of these investments. In
addition, there is no assurance that a mutual fund or an ETF will achieve its investment
objective. Past performance of investments is no guarantee of future results.
CGAM invests primarily in mutual funds and ETFs. Overall "market risk" poses the greatest
possible danger for investors in stocks funds. Stock prices can fluctuate for a broad range of
reasons - such as the overall strength of the economy or demand for particular products or
services. A sector stock fund (which invests in a single industry, such as telecommunications)
is at risk that its price will decline due to developments in its industry. A stock fund that
invests across many industries is more sheltered from this risk.
For most funds, investors must pay sales charges, annual fees, and other expenses regardless of
how the fund performs. And, depending on the timing of their investment, investors can, or
perhaps will also have to pay taxes on any capital gains distribution they receive.
As stated in Item 4 above, when considered appropriate, taking into account a client’s risk
tolerance, and suitability information, the Firm can or will recommend the use of Private
Equity/Private Funds, and individual private equity issues. The Private Funds recommended will
usually be equity based however, other types of funds can be considered or used when
appropriate. Private Funds/Private Equity investments carry additional risks that should be
considered by investors including:
• Operational Risk: the risk of loss resulting from inadequate processes and systems
supporting the organization.
• Funding Risk: the risk that investors are not able to provide their capital commitments
and is effectively the ‘investor default risk.
• Liquidity Risk: This refers to an investor's inability to redeem their investment at any
given time.
• Capital Risk: There are many forms of market risk affecting Private Equity investments,
such as broad equity market exposure, geographical/sector exposure, foreign exchange,
commodity prices and interest rates.
From time to time CGAM investment opportunities can employ shorting or option strategies.
The following risks are associated with these types of transactions:
• Short-term purchases. A short-term purchase is a purchase of a security or
investment product with the intent of possibly selling it within one year of its purchase.
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• Short-term trading. Short-term trading focuses on opportunistic trades – holding
investments for only brief periods. Frequent trading can affect investment
performance, particularly through increased brokerage and other transaction costs and
taxes.
• Short sales. Short selling is a technique used to profit from the falling price of a stock.
Short selling can translate into high portfolio volatility.
• Option buying. This is a basic options strategy where investors buy a call or put option
with the hope that the price of the underlying stock will move far enough to cover
the premium paid for the option.
• Option writing. Investors can sell options in order to obtain additional income from
premiums paid by the option buyer. The positive upside of this strategy is limited
because the most money the investor can earn is the amount of the option premium.
• Uncovered Options and Spreading strategies. Uncovered options trading can be more
risky than writing covered call options. The possible loss is theoretically unlimited. An
option spread involves combining two different option strikes as part of a limited risk
strategy.
Prior to entering into an agreement with CGAM, a client should carefully consider that volatility
from investing in the stock and bond market can occur and that over time the client's assets can
or will fluctuate and at any time be worth more or less than the amount invested.
ITEM 9: DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
Registered investment advisers such as CGAM are required to disclose all material facts
regarding any legal or disciplinary events that would be material to a client's or prospective
client’s evaluation of CGAM or the integrity of its management. CGAM does not have any such
legal or disciplinary events and thus has no information to disclose with respect to this Item.
ITEM 10: OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
No investment adviser representatives of CGAM are currently engaged in any outside business
activities or have any outside affiliations. Please note that while Messrs. R. Clark, B. Clark, and
Cedergreen currently are not appointed with any insurance carrier or agency, their insurance
licenses remain active. Please refer to each individual's Form ADV Part 2B.
ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING
A. Code of Ethics Summary
CGAM has adopted a Code of Ethics ("Code") in compliance with Rule 204A-1 under the
Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Code establishes standards of conduct for
CGAM's supervised persons and includes general requirements that such supervised persons
comply with their fiduciary obligations to clients and applicable securities laws, and specific
requirements relating to, among other things, personal trading, insider trading, conflicts of
interest and confidentiality of client information. It contains written policies reasonably
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designed to prevent the unlawful use of material non-public information by CGAM or any of its
associated persons.
Because CGAM's personnel (called "Access Persons") can transact in the same securities for
their personal accounts as they can or will buy or sell for client accounts, it is important to
mitigate conflicts of interest. To that end, CGAM has adopted personal securities transaction
policies in the Code which all CGAM associated persons must follow. The Code requires that
certain of CGAM's personnel (called "Access Persons") report their personal securities holdings
and transactions and obtain pre-approval of certain investments, including initial public offerings
and limited offerings. The Code also requires supervised persons to report any violations of the
Code promptly to the Firm's Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO"). Each supervised person
receives a copy of the Code and any amendments to it and must acknowledge in writing having
received the materials. Annually, each supervised person must certify that he or she complied
with the Code during that year. CGAM will provide a copy of its Code of Ethics to any client or
prospective client upon request.
B. Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Because the Code would permit associated persons of CGAM to invest in the same securities as
clients, there is a possibility that the associated person could benefit from market activity by a
client in a security held by that person. Employee trading is continually monitored under the
Code, with an eye to reasonably prevent conflicts of interest between CGAM and its clients.
Based upon a client’s stated objectives, CGAM can, under certain circumstances, recommend the
purchase or sale of securities in which CGAM or its affiliates have also invested in personally.
Such recommendations will only be made to the extent that they are reasonably believed to be in
the best interests of the client. Additionally, as part of CGAM's fiduciary duty to clients, CGAM
and its associated persons will endeavor at all times to put the interests of the clients first and at
all times are required to adhere to the Firm’s Code of Ethics.
It is CGAM's policy not to enter into any principal transactions or agency cross transactions on
behalf of client accounts. Principal transactions occur where an adviser, acting as principal for
its own account, buys securities from or sells securities to any advisory client. Agency cross
transactions occur where a person acts as an investment adviser in relation to a transaction in
which the adviser, or an affiliate of the adviser, acts as broker for both the advisory client and for
another person on the other side of the transaction. Should CGAM ever decide to affect cross-
trades between client accounts, it will comply with the provisions of Rule 206(3) of the Advisers
Act.
ITEM 12: BROKERAGE PRACTICES
CGAM does not maintain custody of your assets that we manage. Nevertheless, we can be
deemed to have custody of client assets because you give us authority to withdraw assets from
your account (see Item 15 Custody, below). Client assets must be maintained in an account at a
"qualified custodian," generally a broker-dealer or bank. CGAM currently recommends that
clients use Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. ("Schwab"), a FINRA-registered broker-dealer, member
SIPC, as the qualified custodian, to maintain custody of client assets and to effect trades for
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client accounts. CGAM is independently owned and operated and not affiliated with Schwab.
Schwab will hold our clients' assets in a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when
CGAM instructs them to. While CGAM recommends that you use Schwab as custodian/broker,
clients will decide whether to do so when they open an account with Schwab by entering into an
account agreement directly with them.
As further described below, factors considered by CGAM in recommending Schwab include but
are not limited to, the reasonableness of their commissions, their financial strength, product
availability, research and other services available to both the client and the CGAM.
A. Selection Criteria
CGAM generally places all transactions through Schwab Institutional® division of Charles
Schwab & Co., Inc. ("Schwab"). CGAM periodically evaluates the commissions charged and
the services provided by the custodian and compare those with other broker-dealers to evaluate
whether overall best qualitative execution could be achieved by using alternative custodians.
How We Select Custodians/Brokers
CGAM seeks to select and recommend a custodian/broker who will hold your assets and execute
transactions on terms that are overall most advantageous when compared to other available
providers and their services. CGAM considers a wide range of factors, including, among others,
these:
• combination of transaction execution services along with asset custody services
(generally without a separate fee for custody);
• capability to execute, clear and settle trades (buy and sell securities for your account);
• capabilities to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers,
check requests, bill payment, etc.);
• breadth of investment products made available (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, ETFs, etc.);
• availability of investment research and tools that assist us in making investment
decisions;
• quality of services;
• competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates,
other fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate them;
reputation, financial strength and stability of the provider;
the custodian/broker’s prior service to us and our other clients; and
•
•
• availability of other products and services that benefit us, as discussed below (see
"Products and Services Available to Us from Schwab").
Custody and Brokerage Costs
Schwab generally does not charge CGAM client accounts separately for custody services but is
compensated by charging you commissions or other fees on trades that it executes or that settle
into your Schwab account. Schwab's commission rates applicable to CGAM client accounts
were negotiated based on our commitment to maintain CGAM client assets in accounts at
Schwab. This commitment benefits you because the overall commission rates you pay are lower
than they would be if CGAM had not made the commitment. In addition to commissions,
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Schwab charges a flat dollar amount as a "trade away" fee for each trade that CGAM executes by
a different broker-dealer but where the securities bought or the funds from the securities sold are
deposited (settled) into a Schwab account. These fees are in addition to the commissions or
other compensation you pay the executing broker-dealer. In order to minimize trading costs,
CGAM will use Schwab to execute trades for your account if CGAM believes it is in your best
interest to do so.
Products and Services Available to Us from Schwab
Schwab Advisor Services is Schwab's business serving independent investment advisory firms
like CGAM. They provide CGAM and our clients with access to its institutional brokerage –
trading, custody, reporting and related services – many of which are not typically available to
Schwab retail customers. Schwab also makes available various support services. Some of those
services help us manage or administer our clients’ accounts while others help us manage and
grow our business. Schwab's support services generally are available on an unsolicited basis
(i.e., CGAM does not have to request them) and at no charge to us as long as we keep a total of
at least $10 million of our clients’ assets in accounts at Schwab. Below is a detailed description
of Schwab’s support services:
Schwab Services that Benefit You. Schwab's institutional brokerage services include access to a
broad range of investment products, execution of securities transactions, and custody of client
assets. The investment products available through Schwab include some to which we might not
otherwise have access or that would require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by
our clients. Schwab’s services described in this paragraph generally benefit you and your
account.
Schwab Services that Can, or Perhaps Will Not Directly Benefit You. Schwab also makes
available to us other products and services that benefit us but can, or will not directly benefit you
or your account. These products and services assist CGAM in managing and administering our
clients' accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab’s own and that of third parties.
CGAM can use this research to service all, some or a substantial number of our clients’ accounts.
In addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available software and other technology
that:
• provide access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
• statements);
•
facilitate trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client
accounts;
• provide pricing and other market data;
facilitate payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts; and
•
• assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting.
Schwab Services that Generally Benefit Only Us. Schwab also offers other services intended to
help us manage and further develop our business enterprise. These services include:
• educational conferences and events;
•
technology, compliance, legal, and business consulting;
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• publications and conferences on practice management and business succession; and
• access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants and insurance
providers.
Schwab can or will provide some of these services itself. In other cases, it will arrange for third-
party vendors to provide the services to us. Schwab also can or will, discount or waive its fees
for some of these services or pay all or a part of a third party's fees. In addition, Schwab can or
will provide CGAM with other benefits such as occasional business entertainment of our
personnel.
Other possible benefits to CGAM only can or will include occasional business entertainment of
personnel of CGAM by Schwab Advisor Services personnel, including meals, invitations to
sporting events, including golf tournaments, and other forms of entertainment, some of which
can accompany educational opportunities Schwab makes available, arranges and/or pays vendors
for products and services rendered to CGAM by independent third parties. While, as a fiduciary,
CGAM endeavors to act in its clients’ best interests, CGAM’s recommendation/requirement that
clients maintain their assets in accounts at Schwab can be based in part on the benefit to CGAM
of the availability of some of the foregoing products and services and other arrangements and not
solely on the nature, cost or quality of custody and brokerage services provided by Schwab,
which can create a conflict of interest.
CGAM's Beneficial Interest in Schwab's Services
The availability of these services from Schwab benefits us because CGAM does not have to
produce or purchase them. CGAM does not have to pay for Schwab's services so long as we
keep a total of at least $10 million of client assets in accounts at Schwab. The $10 million
minimum can give CGAM an incentive to recommend that you maintain your account with
Schwab based on our interest in receiving Schwab's services that benefit our business rather than
based on your interest in receiving the best value in custody services and the most favorable
execution of your transactions. This is a conflict of interest.
CGAM believes, however, that our selection of Schwab as custodian/broker is in the best
interests of our clients. It is primarily supported by the scope, quality and price of Schwab’s
services (based on the factors discussed above – see "How We Select Custodians/Brokers") and
not Schwab’s services that benefit only us. We have approximately $200 million in client assets
under management, and do not believe that maintaining at least $10 million of those assets at
Schwab in order to avoid paying Schwab quarterly service fees presents a material conflict of
interest.
B. Best Execution
It is the policy and practice of CGAM to strive for the best price and execution that are
competitive in relation to the value of the transaction ("best execution"). In order to achieve best
execution, CGAM will use its best judgment to choose the broker-dealer most capable of
providing the brokerage services necessary to obtain the best overall qualitative execution.
Although CGAM will strive to achieve the best execution possible for client securities
transactions, this does not require it to solicit competitive bids and CGAM does not have an
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obligation to seek the lowest available commission cost. In seeking best execution, the
determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but whether the transaction represents the
overall best qualitative execution, taking into consideration the full range of a broker-dealer’s
services, including among other things, the value of research provided, execution capability,
commission rates, and responsiveness. Consistent with the foregoing, while CGAM will seek
competitive rates, it can not necessarily obtain the lowest possible commission rates for
client transactions CGAM is not required to negotiate "execution only" commission rates,
thus the client can be deemed to be paying for research and related services (i.e., "soft
dollars") provided by the broker which are included in the commission rate.
To ensure that brokerage firms recommended by CGAM are conducting overall best qualitative
execution, CGAM will periodically (and no less often than annually) evaluate the trading process
and brokers utilized. CGAM's evaluation will consider the full range of brokerage services
offered by the brokers, which can include, but is not limited to price, commission, timing,
research, aggregated trades, capable floor brokers or traders, competent block trading coverage,
ability to position, capital strength and stability, reliable and accurate communications and
settlement processing, use of automation, knowledge of other buyers or sellers and
administrative ability.
1. Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
CGAM's general policy is to comply with the provisions of Section 28(e) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 ("Section 28(e)") when entering into soft dollar arrangements. Section
28(e) recognizes the conflict of interest involved in this activity, but generally allows investment
advisers to use client commissions to pay for certain research and brokerage products and
services under certain circumstances without breaching their fiduciary duties to clients. For
these purposes, "research" means services or products used to provide lawful and appropriate
assistance to CGAM in making investment decisions for its clients. "Brokerage" services and
products are those used to effect securities transactions for CGAM's clients or to assist in
effecting those transactions.
Research and other products and services purchased with soft dollars will generally be used to
service all of CGAM’s clients, but brokerage commissions paid by one client can be used to pay
for research that is not used in managing that client’s portfolio, as permitted by Section 28(e). In
other words, there can be certain client accounts that benefit from the research services, which
did not make the payment of commissions to the broker-dealer providing the services.
Brokerage services obtained with soft dollars can include, for example, quotation and
communication equipment and services, other order management systems that provide trading
software or provide connectivity to such software, trade analysis software, on-line pricing
services, communication services relating to execution, clearing and settlement and message
services used to transmit orders.
Research and related services furnished by brokers can include, but are not limited to, written
information and analyses concerning specific securities, companies or sectors; market, financial
and economic studies and forecasts; financial publications; recommendations as to specific
securities; portfolio evaluation services; financial database software and services; computerized
news, pricing and statistical services; and discussions with research personnel, along with
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hardware, software, databases and other technical and telecommunication services and
equipment utilized in the investment management process. Research received by CGAM under
such soft dollar arrangements can include both proprietary research (created or developed by
the broker-dealer) and research created or developed by a third party.
There can be cases when CGAM can receive both non-research (e.g., administrative, accounting
or technology services, etc.) and research benefits from the services provided by broker-dealers.
If and when this happens, CGAM will make a good faith allocation between the non-research
and research portion of the services received, and will pay "hard dollars" (i.e., CGAM will pay
from their own monies) for the non-research portion. In making a good faith allocation between
research services and non-research services, a conflict of interest can exist by reason of CGAM’s
allocation of the costs of such services and benefits between those that primarily benefit CGAM
and those that primarily benefit clients. CGAM strives to always put the client’s interests first.
As stated above, CGAM can or will recommend that clients establish brokerage accounts with
Schwab to maintain custody of clients' assets and to effect trades for their accounts. Schwab is a
SEC-registered broker-dealers and members FINRA/SIPC. While there is no direct link between
the investment advice given to clients and CGAM's recommendation to use the custodial or
brokerage services of Schwab, certain benefits are received by CGAM due to this arrangement.
2. Directed Brokerage
If requested by a client, CGAM can accept written direction from a client regarding the use of a
particular broker-dealer to execute some or all transactions for the client. In that case, the client
will negotiate terms and arrangements for the account with that broker-dealer, and CGAM will
not seek better execution services or prices from other broker-dealers or be able to "batch" client
transactions for execution through other broker-dealers with orders for other accounts managed
by CGAM and CGAM will have limited ability to ensure the broker-dealer selected by the client
will provide best possible execution. As a result, the client can or will pay higher commissions or
other transaction costs or greater spreads, or receive less favorable net prices, on transactions for
the account than would otherwise be the case. Subject to its duty of best execution, CGAM can
or will decline a client’s request to direct brokerage if, in CGAM's sole discretion, such directed
brokerage arrangements would result in additional operational difficulties or violate restrictions
imposed by other broker-dealers.
C. Trade Aggregation and Allocation
Transactions for each client will be effected independently, unless CGAM decides to purchase or
sell the same securities for several clients at approximately the same time. CGAM performs
investment management services for various clients, some of which can have similar investment
objectives. CGAM can aggregate sale and purchase orders with other client accounts and
proprietary (employee) accounts that have similar orders being made at the same time, if in
CGAM's judgment such aggregation is reasonably likely to result in an overall economic benefit
to the affected accounts. Such benefits can or will include better transaction prices and lower trade
execution costs. CGAM can (but is not obligated to) combine or "batch" such orders to obtain best
execution, to negotiate more favorable commission rates, or to allocate equitably among CGAM's
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clients differences in prices and commissions or other transaction costs that might have been
obtained had such orders been placed independently. If all aggregate orders do not fill at the same
price, transactions will generally be averaged as to price and allocated among participating
accounts pro rata to the purchase and sale orders placed for each participating account on any
given day. If such orders cannot be fully executed under prevailing market conditions, CGAM can
or will allocate the securities traded among participating accounts and each similar order in a
manner which it considers equitable, taking into consideration, among other things, the size of the
orders placed, the relative cash positions of each account, the investment objectives of the
accounts, and liquidity of the security.
D. Brokerage for Client Referrals
In selecting or recommending broker-dealers, CGAM can receive client referrals from a broker-
dealer, which creates a conflict of interest. This is because CGAM can have an incentive to
select or recommend a broker-dealer based on its interest in receiving client referrals rather than
on the client's interest in receiving most favorable execution.
To mitigate this conflict, CGAM reviews and monitors execution and services provided to all
such CGAM clients to help ensure that the client’s accounts are managed as effectively as
possible and are receiving best execution.
ITEM 13: REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
A. Periodic Reviews
CGAM makes every effort to meet with clients in person or over the phone no less than annually
to review the client's investment goals and current advisory portfolios. Accounts are reviewed
for consistency with the investment strategy and other parameters set forth for the account and to
determine if any adjustments need to be made.
B. Other Reviews and Triggering Factors
In addition to the periodic reviews described above, reviews can be triggered by changes in an
account holder’s personal, tax or financial status. Other events that can trigger a review of an
account are material changes in market conditions as well as macroeconomic and company-
specific events. Clients are encouraged to notify CGAM and its advisory representatives of any
changes in his/her personal financial situation that might affect his/her investment needs,
objectives, or time horizon.
C. Regular Reports
Written brokerage statements are generated no less than quarterly and are sent directly from the
account custodian. These reports list the account positions, activity in the account over the
covered period, and other related information. Clients are also sent confirmations following each
brokerage account transaction unless confirmations have been waived. In addition to the regular
statements clients receive from their custodian, CGAM can or will, on occasion, send clients
detailed reports concerning relevant account and/or market-related information as well as an
inventory of account holdings and account performance, as agreed to with the client. Clients are
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urged to compare the statements received from CGAM to those received from the account
custodian.
ITEM 14: CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
A. Economic Benefits Received
As discussed more fully under Item 12, CGAM can recommend certain broker-dealers in return
for investment research products and/or other services which can assist CGAM in providing its
investment advisory services. The receipt of such services can be deemed to be the receipt of an
economic benefit by CGAM, and although customary, these arrangements give rise to conflicts
of interest, including the incentive to allocate securities transactional business to broker-dealers
based on the receipt of such benefits rather than on a client’s interest in receiving most favorable
execution.
CGAM receives an economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and
services it makes available to us and other independent investment advisers that have their clients
maintain accounts at Schwab. These products and services, how they benefit us, and the related
conflicts of interest are described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). The availability to
CGAM of Schwab's products and services is not based on us giving particular investment advice,
such as buying particular securities for our clients.
B. Compensation for Client Referrals
The Firm will retain Promoters and pay solicitation fees for clients who are referred to and
accepted by the Firm. All such agreements will be in writing and comply with the requirements
of Rule 206(4)-1 of the Advisers Act. If a client is introduced to CGAM by a Promoter, CGAM
will pay that Promoter a fee in accordance with the requirements of Rule 206(4)-1 of the
Advisers Act and any corresponding state securities law requirements. While the specific terms
of each agreement can differ, generally, the compensation will be based upon CGAM's
engagement of new clients and the retention of those clients and is calculated using a varying
percentage of the fees based on a percentage of the total investment management fees paid to
CGAM by such clients. Any such fee shall be paid solely from CGAM's investment
management fee and shall not result in any additional charge to the client.
Each prospective client who is referred to CGAM under such an arrangement will receive a copy
of CGAM's Brochure (from CGAM) and a separate written disclosure document (from the
Promoter) disclosing the nature of the relationship between the third-party Promoter and CGAM
and material information, including the amount of compensation that will be paid by CGAM to
the third party.
C. Other Compensation
Currently, CGAM investment advisory representatives do not receive any compensation outside
of CGAM.
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ITEM 15: CUSTODY
Pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, CGAM is deemed to have “constructive
custody” of client funds because the Firm has the authority and ability to debit its fees directly
from the accounts of those clients receiving CGAM’s Investment Advisory Services.
Additionally, certain clients have, and can or will in the future, sign a Standing Letter of
Authorization (SLOA) that gives CGAM the authority to transfer funds to a third-party as
directed by the client in the SLOA. This is also deemed to give the Firm custody. Custody is
defined as any legal or actual ability by the Firm to withdraw client funds or securities. Firms
with deemed custody must take the following steps:
1. Ensure clients’ managed assets are maintained by a qualified custodian;
2. Have a reasonable belief, after due inquiry, that the qualified custodian will deliver an
account statement directly to the client at least quarterly;
3. Confirm that account statements from the custodian contain all transactions that took
place in the client’s account during the period covered and reflect the deduction of
advisory fees; and
4. Obtain a surprise audit by an independent accountant on the clients’ accounts for which
the advisory firm is deemed to have custody.
However, the rules governing the direct debit of client fees and SLOAs exempts CGAM from the
surprise audit rules if certain conditions (in addition to steps 1 through 3 above) are met. Those
conditions are as follows:
1. When debiting fees from client accounts, CGAM must receive written authorization from
clients permitting advisory fees to be deducted from the client’s account.
2. In the case of SLOAs, CGAM must: (i) confirm that the name and address of the third
party is included in the SLOA, (ii) document that the third-party receiving the transfer is
not related to the Firm, and (ii) ensure that certain requirements are being performed by
the qualified custodian.
If client funds or securities are inadvertently received by our firm, they will be returned to the
sender immediately, or as soon as practical.
Schwab maintains actual custody of your assets. Clients will receive account statements directly
from Schwab at least quarterly. They will be sent to the email or postal mailing address the
client provided to Schwab. Clients should carefully review those statements promptly when
received. Please contact CGAM with any questions.
ITEM 16: INVESTMENT DISCRETION
A. Discretionary Authority; Limitations
Asset Management services are performed by CGAM on a discretionary basis, unless otherwise
agreed upon at the inception of the client relationship and memorialized in the client’s advisory
agreement. In exercising its discretionary authority, CGAM has the ability to determine the type
and amount of securities to be transacted and whether a client’s purchase or sale should be
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The Clark Group Asset Management
Form ADV Part 2A
combined (aggregated) with those of other clients and traded as a “block.” Such discretion is to
be exercised in a manner consistent with each client’s stated investment objectives, risk
tolerance, and time horizon. In addition, CGAM’s authority to trade securities can be limited in
certain circumstances by applicable legal and regulatory requirements. Clients are permitted to
impose reasonable limitations on CGAM’s discretionary authority, including restrictions on
investing in certain securities or types of securities. All such limitations, restrictions, and
investment guidelines must be provided to CGAM in writing.
B. Limited Power of Attorney
Unless clients specifically request in writing that CGAM manage all or part of their account on a
non-discretionary basis, by signing CGAM’s advisory agreement, clients authorize CGAM to
exercise full discretionary authority with respect to all investment transactions involving the
client’s account. Pursuant to such agreement, CGAM is designated as the client’s attorney-in-
fact with discretionary authority to effect investment transactions in the client's account which
authorizes CGAM to give instructions to third parties in furtherance of such authority.
ITEM 17: VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
CGAM's policy and practice is to not vote proxies on behalf of its clients and therefore, shall
have no obligation or authority to take any action or render any advice with respect to the voting
of proxies solicited by or with respect to issuers of securities held in a client’s account, unless the
account is an ERISA account and such authority has not been delegated to another named
fiduciary in the plan's written documents. Consequently, the client retains the responsibility for
receiving and voting all proxies for securities held within the client's account. CGAM shall not
be deemed to have proxy voting authority solely as a result of providing advice or information
about a particular proxy vote to a client.
CGAM typically does not advise or act for clients with respect to any legal matters, including
bankruptcies and class actions, for the securities held in clients’ accounts.
ITEM 18: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
CGAM does not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months
or more in advance and therefore is not required to provide, and has not provided, a balance
sheet. CGAM does not have any financial commitments that impair its ability to meet
contractual and fiduciary obligations to clients and has not been the subject of a bankruptcy
proceeding.
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