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Item 1: Cover Page
O’Connor Financial
Group LLC
Form ADV Part 2A Brochure
Address:
511 Maine Street
Quincy, IL 62301
Phone:
(217) 223-0113
Email:
jack@oconnorfinancialgroup.com
Website:
https://www.oconnorfinancial.group/
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of O’Connor Financial
Group LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at the
telephone number or email address listed above. The information in this brochure has not been approved
or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities authority.
O’Connor Financial Group LLC is a registered investment adviser, but registration does not imply a
certain level of skill or training.
Additional information about O’Connor Financial Group LLC is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov and by searching for CRD# 168636.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 2: Material Changes
In this Item, O’Connor Financial Group LLC is required to identify and discuss material changes since
filing its last annual amendment. Since filing its last annual amendment on March 22, 2024, there have
been no material changes to report.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page
Item 2: Material Changes
Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 4: Advisory Business
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
Item 7: Types of Clients
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions & Personal Trading
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
Item 13: Review of Accounts
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
Item 15: Custody
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Item 18: Financial Information
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 4: Advisory Business
A. O’Connor Financial Group LLC (the “Adviser,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is an investment adviser
founded in 2013, registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and
principally owned by the Timothy J. O’Connor Revocable Trust u/a/d September 13, 1993.
B. Adviser offers the following types of advisory services:
i.
investment
Investment Management. Adviser provides ongoing discretionary
management services to its clients based upon each client’s current financial condition,
goals, risk tolerance, income, liquidity requirements, investment time horizon, and other
information that is relevant to the management of clients’ account(s). This information will
then be used to make investment decisions that reflect clients’ individual needs and
objectives on an initial and ongoing basis. Adviser’s investment decisions will allocate
portions of clients’ account(s) to various asset classes classified according to historical
and projected risks and rates of return. Adviser will retain the discretion to buy, sell, or
otherwise transact in securities and other investments in a client’s accounts without first
receiving the client’s specific approval for each transaction. Such discretionary authority
is granted by a client in his or her investment management agreement with Adviser.
Clients may impose restrictions on investing in certain securities or types of securities so
long as such restrictions may reasonably be implemented by Adviser.
Adviser generally implements its investments strategy by allocating clients’ investable
assets across a diversified risk-based portfolio of no-load mutual funds and/or exchange
traded funds (“ETFs”).
Investment management services are generally coupled with financial planning services
as described below.
ii.
Financial Planning.
i. Cash flow planning and cash management: This involves advice with respect to
personal cash flow. From an income standpoint, this could include salary income,
commission income, business income, rental property income, and/or investment
income. From an expense standpoint, this could include personal expense
management, budget management, debt management, and/or irregular cash
flow. This module also includes cash management, with respect to how much
cash a client should hold, what institutions to hold it at, and how to earn
additional yield on cash (if appropriate / if applicable). Adviser is not a bank, does
not provide banking products, and is not FDIC insured.
ii. Retirement planning. This involves advice with respect to alternatives and
techniques for accumulating wealth for retirement income or advice relative to
appropriate distribution of assets following retirement. Additionally, self-directed
retirement assets are evaluated and, where appropriate, recommendations and
assistance are provided. Tax consequences and their implications are identified
and evaluated in general terms. Adviser is not engaged in rendering legal or
accounting advice, has no lawyers or accountants on staff and therefore refers all
matters requiring legal or tax advice to the Client’s chosen and properly licensed
professionals in these areas.
iii.
Investment planning / asset allocation / fund choice. This involves advice with
respect to asset allocation and investment income accumulation techniques.
Evaluations are made of existing and, when applicable, potential investments in
terms of their economic and tax characteristics as well as their suitability for
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
meeting Client’s objectives. Tax consequences and their implications are
identified and evaluated in general terms.
iv. Estate planning. This service generally involves a review of assets and liabilities,
the titling of assets and the consideration of trusts. However, Adviser may
provide advice with respect to property ownership, distribution strategies, estate
tax reduction, and tax payment techniques as well as a discussion of gifts, trusts,
etc. and the disposition of business interests. Tax consequences and their
implications are identified and evaluated in general terms. Client’s chosen
licensed attorney must be used for evaluation and document creation.
v.
Insurance planning. This includes risk management associated with advisory
recommendations based on the combination of insurance types that best meet
Client’s specific needs, e.g. life, health disability, long-term care, and others as
appropriate.
vi. Education planning. This includes alternatives and strategies with respect to the
complete or partial funding of college or other post-secondary education
experience. Tax consequences and their implications are identified and evaluated
in general terms.
vii. Tax planning. Tax planning is referred to the client’s chosen personal tax advisor.
Adviser may offer advice as to how tax laws may affect various financial
decisions, e.g. acquisitions, pension strategy, investing in new opportunities or
consolidation of existing investments, and individual taxations issues, among
others.
iii.
Selection of other investment advisers. From time to time and when appropriate for a
particular client, Adviser will recommend or retain an independent and unaffiliated
third-party investment adviser (“Third-Party Adviser”) to manage all or a portion of a
client’s portfolio. Third-Party Advisers are evaluated based on a variety of factors, not the
least of which include performance return history, asset class specialization, management
tenure, and risk profile. Adviser will conduct due diligence as appropriate to confirm that
such Third-Party Advisers are duly registered and otherwise well-equipped to manage
such clients’ accounts. Adviser generally retains the discretionary authority to hire or fire
such Third-Party Advisers with or without notice to the client.
C. Adviser does not participate in any wrap fee programs.
D. When we provide investment advice to you regarding your retirement plan account or individual
retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act (“ERISA”) and/or the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), as applicable,
which are laws governing retirement accounts. The way we make money creates some conflicts
with your interests, so we operate under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interest
and not put our interest ahead of yours. Under this special rule’s provisions, we must:
i. Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations (give
ii.
iii.
iv.
prudent advice);
Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations (give
loyal advice);
Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in your
best interest;
Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
v.
vi. Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
E. Adviser manages the following amount of discretionary and non-discretionary client assets
calculated as of December 31, 2024:
i.
ii.
iii.
Discretionary:
Non-Discretionary:
Total:
$233,881,306
$1,244,137
$235,125,443
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 5: Fees and Compensation
A. For clients receiving both investment management and financial planning services, Adviser’s
services are provided either pursuant to an asset-based fee schedule or pursuant to a flat fee
schedule.
Adviser’s standard asset-based fee schedules are included below, subject to negotiation with a
client:
A recurring investment advisory fee pursuant to the following fee schedule:
Assets Under Adviser’s Management
For the first $1,000,000
For the next $1,000,000
For the next $1,000,000
For any amount above $3,000,000
Annual Fee
1.40%
1.00%
0.75%
0.50%
Plus
A recurring portfolio management fee pursuant to the following fee schedule:
Assets Under Adviser’s Management
From $0 to $500,000
From $500,000.01 to $1,000,000
From $1,000,000.01 to $3,000,000
From $3,000,000.01 to $5,000,000
$5,000,000.01 and above
Annual Fee
0.35%
0.30%
0.25%
0.15%
0.10%
The investment advisory fee schedule above is a ‘tiered’ or ‘blended’ fee schedule, which means
that different annual fee percentages will apply to different ranges of client assets under Adviser’s
management. The fee portfolio management fee schedule above is a ‘cliff’ fee schedule, which
means that all client assets under Adviser’s management are charged the same corresponding
annual fee percentage based on the total client assets designated to be under Adviser’s
advisement. Solely with respect to segregated cash or cash equivalent accounts, we generally
charge an asset-based cash management fee of 0.10% per annum. Fees are deducted in
advance on a monthly basis from clients’ assets and based upon the market value of such assets
managed and advised by Adviser as of the last day of the prior calendar month. Incidental cash is
included in the assets upon which fees are assessed.
For clients charged pursuant to a flat fee schedule, the flat fee generally ranges from $1,000 to
$40,000 per year, charged monthly in advance.
B. For clients receiving standalone financial planning services, Adviser’s services are provided
pursuant to a flat fee schedule that is comprised of a one-time initial financial planning fee due
upon presentation of a client’s initial financial plan, followed by a recurring financial planning fee
that is charged monthly in advance. The one-time initial financial planning fee is typically $1,500
and the recurring monthly financial planning fee typically ranges between $100 to $1,000 per
month, but such fees will vary based on the nature and complexity of a client’s financial situation
and the specific financial planning services to be delivered by us.
C. In addition to the fees charged by Adviser, clients will incur brokerage and other transaction costs.
Please refer to Item 12: Brokerage Practices, for further information on such brokerage and other
transaction-related practices. Clients will also typically incur additional fees and expenses
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
imposed by independent and unaffiliated third-parties, which can include qualified custodian fees,
mutual fund or exchange traded fund fees and expenses, mark-ups and mark-downs, spreads
paid to market makers, wire transfer fees, check-writing fees, early-redemption charges, certain
deferred sales charges on previously-purchased mutual funds, margin fees, charges or interest,
IRA and qualified retirement plan fees, and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and
securities transactions. These additional charges are separate and apart from the fees charged
by Adviser.
D. If Adviser or client terminates the advisory agreement before the end of a monthly billing period,
Adviser’s fees will be prorated through the effective date of the termination. The pro rata fees for
the remainder of the quarterly billing period after the termination will be refunded to the client.
E. Neither Adviser nor any of its supervised persons accepts compensation for the sale of securities
or other investment products.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side
Management
Neither Adviser nor any of its supervised persons accepts performance-based fees (fees based on a
share of capital gains or capital appreciation of the assets of a client). Neither Adviser nor any of its
supervised persons engage in side-by-side management.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 7: Types of Clients
Adviser generally provides its services to individuals, high-net-worth individuals, and business entities.
Adviser does not require a minimum account value to open or maintain an account. Please note that the
Third-Party Advisers retained by Adviser may separately impose minimum account value requirements.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk
of Loss
A. The investment strategies used by Adviser when formulating investment advice or managing
assets include asset allocation and fundamental analysis. Investing in securities involves risk of
loss that clients should be prepared to bear. Past performance does not guarantee future returns.
B. Like any investment strategy, asset allocation and fundamental analysis involve material risks.
Such material risks are described in further detail below:
i.
Investing for the long term means that a client’s account will be exposed to short-term
fluctuations in the market and the behavioral impulse to make trading decisions based on
such short-term market fluctuations. Adviser does not condone short-term trading in an
attempt to “time” the market, and instead coaches clients to remain committed to their
financial goals. However, investing for the long term can expose clients to risks borne out
of changes to interest rates, inflation, general economic conditions, market cycles,
geopolitical shifts, and regulatory changes.
ii.
Inflation risk is the risk that the value of a client’s portfolio will not appreciate at least in an
amount equal to inflation over time. General micro- and macro-economic conditions may
also affect the value of the securities held in a client’s portfolio, and general economic
downturns can trigger corresponding losses across various asset classes and security
types. Market cycles may cause overall volatility and fluctuations in a portfolio’s value,
and may increase the likelihood that securities are purchased when values are
comparatively high and/or that securities are sold when values are comparatively low.
Geopolitical shifts may result in market uncertainty, lowered expected returns, and
general volatility in both domestic and international securities. Regulatory changes may
have a negative impact on capital formation and increase the costs of doing business,
and therefore result in decreased corporate profits and corresponding market values of
securities.
iii.
Investing in mutual funds does not guarantee a return on investment, and shareholders of
a mutual fund may lose the principal that they’ve invested into a particular mutual fund.
Mutual funds invest into underlying securities that comprise the mutual fund, and as such
clients are exposed to the risks arising from such underlying securities. Mutual funds
charge internal expenses to their shareholders (which can include management fees,
administration fees, shareholder servicing fees, sales loads, redemption fees, and other
fund fees and expenses, e.g.), and such internal expenses subtract from its potential for
market appreciation. Shares of mutual funds may only be traded at their stated net asset
value (“NAV”), calculated at the end of each day upon the market’s close.
Investing in ETFs bears similar risks and incurs similar costs to investing in mutual funds
as described above. However, shares of an ETF may be traded like stocks on the open
market and are not redeemable at an NAV. As such, the value of an ETF may fluctuate
throughout the day and investors will be subject to the cost associated with the bid-ask
spread (the difference between the price a buyer is willing to pay (bid) for an ETF and the
seller's offering (asking) price).
Clients are encouraged to carefully read the prospectus of any mutual fund or ETF to be
purchased for investment to obtain a full understanding of its respective risks and costs.
iv.
Relying on the investment advisory or management services of an independent and
unaffiliated third-party adviser means that clients will be subject to such third-party
adviser’s continued ability to achieve its investment mandates, as well as specific client
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
investment objectives and restrictions. To the extent that a third-party adviser is
dependent on the services or intellectual capital of a select few individuals, the departure
or death of such individuals may have a material impact on the continued viability of such
third-party adviser and its ability to continue serving client accounts. There can be no
guarantee that a third-party adviser will meet its performance expectations, or that its
services will be free of trading or management-related errors.
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Item 9: Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to a client’s or prospective client’s evaluation of
Adviser’s advisory business or the integrity of Adviser’s management.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
A. Neither Adviser nor any of its management persons are registered, or have an application
pending to register, as a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer.
B. Neither Adviser nor any of its management persons are registered, or have an application
pending to register, as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, a commodity
trading advisor, or an associated person of the foregoing entities.
C. Neither Adviser nor any of its management persons have any relationship or arrangement with
any related person below:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
broker-dealer, municipal securities dealer, or government securities dealer or broker
investment company or other pooled investment vehicle (including a mutual fund,
closed-end investment company, unit investment trust, private investment company or
“hedge fund,” and offshore fund)
other investment adviser or financial planner
futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, or commodity trading advisor
banking or thrift institution
accountant or accounting firm
lawyer or law firm
pension consultant
real estate broker or dealer
sponsor or syndicator of limited partnerships
D. Jack O'Connor is a licensed insurance agent and from time to time will earn an ordinary and
customary commission from the sale of an insurance product in such capacity. This creates a
conflict of interest, because Jack O'Connor has the potential to earn both an insurance
commission and advisory fee revenue from a client. Jack O'Connor addresses this conflict of
interest by fully disclosing his relationship with the applicable insurance provider, and informing
clients that they are under no obligation to purchase an insurance product through him. Our
founder, Timothy O’Connor, was also previously licensed as an insurance agent. Though he
previously recommended the purchase of these products by clients and still receives trailing
commissions for such prior sales, he does not sell any new insurance products to clients or
otherwise.
E. As described earlier in Item 4 of this brochure, Adviser retains the authority to recommend or
retain one or more Third-Party Advisers to provide investment advisory, administrative, and other
back-office services to Adviser for the benefit of Adviser and its clients. Adviser does not receive
any compensation directly from such Third-Party Adviser, but they do offer services that are
intended to directly benefit Adviser, clients, or both. Such services include an online platform
through which Adviser can monitor and review client accounts, create model portfolios, and
perform other client account maintenance matters, and quarterly client statements. The
availability of such services from a Third-Party Adviser creates a conflict of interest, to the extent
Adviser may be motivated to retain a Third-Party Adviser as opposed to an alternative Third-Party
Adviser (or to not retain one at all). Adviser addresses this conflict of interest by performing
appropriate due diligence on Third-Party Advisers to confirm their respective services are in the
best interests of clients, periodically evaluating alternatives, and evaluating the merit of
Third-Party Advisers without consideration for the benefits received by Adviser.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions & Personal Trading
A. Adviser has adopted a code of ethics that will be provided to any client or prospective client upon
request. Adviser’s code of ethics describes the standards of business conduct that Adviser
requires of its supervised persons, which is reflective of Adviser’s fiduciary obligations to act in
the best interests of its clients. The code of ethics also includes sections related to compliance
with securities laws, reporting of personal securities transactions and holdings, reporting of
violations of the code of ethics to Adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer, pre-approval of certain
investments by access persons, and the distribution of the code of ethics and any amendments to
all supervised persons followed by a written acknowledgement of their receipt.
B. Neither Adviser nor any of its related persons recommends to clients, or buys or sells for client
accounts, securities in which Adviser or any of its related persons has a material financial
interest.
C. From time to time, Adviser or its related persons will invest in the same securities (or related
securities such as warrants, options or futures) that Adviser or a related person recommends to
clients. This has the potential to create a conflict of interest because it affords Adviser or its
related persons the opportunity to profit from the investment recommendations made to clients.
Adviser’s policies and procedures and code of ethics address this potential conflict of interest by
prohibiting such trading by Adviser or its related persons if it would be to the detriment of any
client and by monitoring for compliance through the reporting and review of personal securities
transactions. In all instances Adviser will act in the best interests of its clients.
D. From time to time, Adviser or its related persons will buy or sell securities for client accounts at or
about the same time that Adviser or a related person buys or sells the same securities for its own
(or the related person’s own) account. This has the potential to create a conflict of interest
because it affords Adviser or its related persons the opportunity to trade either before or after the
trade is made in client accounts, and profit as a result. Adviser’s policies and procedures and
code of ethics address this potential conflict of interest by prohibiting such trading by Adviser or
its related persons if it would be to the detriment of any client and by monitoring for compliance
through the reporting and review of personal securities transactions. In all instances Adviser will
act in the best interests of its clients.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
A. Adviser considers several factors when recommending a custodial broker-dealer for client
transactions and determining the reasonableness of such custodial broker-dealer’s
compensation. Such factors include the custodial broker-dealer’s industry reputation and financial
stability, service quality and responsiveness, execution price, speed and accuracy, reporting
abilities, and general expertise. Assessing these factors as a whole allows Adviser to fulfill its duty
to seek best execution for its clients’ securities transactions. However, Adviser does not
guarantee that the custodial broker-dealer recommended for client transactions will necessarily
provide the best possible price, as price is not the sole factor considered when seeking best
execution. After considering the factors above, Adviser recommends Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
("Schwab") as the custodial broker-dealer for client accounts.
i.
Adviser does not receive research and other soft dollar benefits in connection with client
securities transactions, which are known as “soft dollar benefits”. However, the custodial
broker-dealer(s) recommended by Adviser do provide certain products and services that
are intended to directly benefit Adviser, clients, or both. Such products and services
include (a) an online platform through which Adviser can monitor and review client
accounts, (b) access to proprietary technology that allows for order entry, (c) duplicate
statements for client accounts and confirmations for client transactions, (d) invitations to
the custodial broker-dealer(s)’ educational conferences, (e) practice management
consulting, and (f) occasional business meals and entertainment.
The receipt of these products and services creates a conflict of interest to the extent it
causes Adviser to recommend Schwab as opposed to a comparable custodial
broker-dealer. Adviser addresses this conflict of interest by fully disclosing it in this
brochure, evaluating Schwab based on the value and quality of its services as realized by
clients, and by periodically evaluating alternative broker-dealers to recommend.
ii.
Adviser does not consider, in selecting or recommending custodial broker-dealers,
whether Adviser or a related person receives client referrals from a custodial
broker-dealer or third-party.
iii.
Adviser does not routinely recommend, request, or require that a client direct Adviser to
execute transactions through a specified custodial broker-dealer other than Schwab.
B. Adviser retains the ability to aggregate the purchase and sale of securities for clients’ accounts
with the goal of seeking more efficient execution and more consistent results across accounts.
Aggregated trading instructions will not be placed if it would result in increased administrative and
other costs, custodial burdens, or other disadvantages. If client trades are aggregated by Adviser,
such aggregation will be done so as not to disadvantage any client and to treat all clients as fairly
and equally as possible.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 13: Review of Accounts
A. The investment adviser representatives of Adviser monitor client accounts on an ongoing basis,
and typically review client accounts on an annual basis. Such reviews are designed to ensure that
the client is still on track to achieve his or her financial goals, and that the investments remain
appropriate given the client’s risk tolerance, investment objectives, major life events, and other
factors. Clients are encouraged to proactively reach out to Adviser to discuss any changes to
their personal or financial situation.
B. Other factors that may trigger a review include, but are not limited to, material developments in
market conditions, material geopolitical events, and changes to a client’s personal or financial
situation (the birth of a child, preparing for a home purchase, plans to attend higher education, a
job transition, impending retirement, death or disability among family members, etc.).
C. The custodial broker-dealer will send account statements and reports directly to clients no less
frequently than quarterly. Such statements and reports will be mailed to clients at their address of
record or delivered electronically, depending on the client’s election. If agreed to by Adviser and
client, Adviser or a third-party report provider will also send clients reports to assist them in
understanding their account positions and performance, as well as the progress toward achieving
financial goals.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 14: Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. Nobody other than clients provides an economic benefit to Adviser for providing investment
advice or other advisory services to clients. However, as described above in Item 12, the
custodial broker-dealer(s) recommended for client accounts provides certain products and
services that are intended to directly benefit Adviser, clients, or both.
B. We previously referred certain clients to a Third-Party Adviser with whom we established a
referral fee arrangement. Though we no longer refer new clients to such Third-Party Adviser,
certain existing clients still receive investment management services from such Third-Party
Adviser and we are therefore still compensated by such Third-Party Adviser based on a
percentage of the assets under the Third-Party Adviser’s management. This creates a conflict of
interest due to the financial incentive we had to refer clients to the Third-Party Adviser in the first
place, and to advise clients not to terminate their relationship with such Third-Party Adviser. We
address this conflict of interest by fully disclosing it herein, and only advising clients to retain or
remain under the management of a Third-Party Adviser when believed to be in their best
interests..
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 15: Custody
For clients that do not have their fees deducted directly from their account(s) and have not provided
Adviser with any standing letters of authorization (“SLOAs”) to distribute funds from their account(s) to
third parties, Adviser will not have any custody of client funds or securities.
For clients that have their fees deducted directly from their account(s) or that have provided Adviser with
discretion as to amount and timing of disbursements pursuant to an SLOA to disburse funds from their
account(s) to third parties, Adviser will generally be deemed to have custody over such clients’ funds
pursuant to applicable custody rules and guidance thereto. At no time will Adviser accept custody of client
funds or securities in the capacity of a custodial broker-dealer or other qualified custodian, and at all times
client accounts will be held by a third-party qualified custodian as described in Item 12, above.
With respect to custody that is triggered by third party SLOAs, Adviser endeavors to comply with the
following seven conditions as listed in the 2017 SEC No Action Letter to the Investment Adviser
Association:
1. The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes the client’s
signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the third party’s account
number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
2. The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified custodian’s form or
separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified schedule or from time to time.
3. The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction, such as a
signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization, and provides a transfer of
funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
4. The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified custodian.
5. The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity of the third
party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained in the client’s
instruction.
6. The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related party of the
investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment adviser.
7. The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming the
instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
If a client receives account statements from both the custodial broker-dealer and Adviser or a third-party
report provider, client is urged to compare such account statements and advise Adviser of any
discrepancies between them.
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Item 16: Investment Discretion
Adviser accepts discretionary trading authority to manage securities accounts on behalf of clients only
pursuant to the mutual written agreement of Adviser and the client through a power-of-attorney, which is
typically contained in the advisory agreement signed by Adviser and the client. This includes the authority
to buy, sell, and otherwise transact in securities and other investment products in client’s account(s)
without necessarily consulting with clients in advance. Clients may place reasonable limitations on this
discretionary authority so long as it is contained in a written agreement and/or power-of-attorney.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
A. Adviser does not have and will not accept authority to vote client securities.
B. Clients will receive their proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodial broker-dealer or
a transfer agent, as applicable, and should direct any inquiries regarding such proxies or other
solicitations directly to the sender.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025
Item 18: Financial Information
A. Adviser does not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months
or more in advance.
B. Adviser has no financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet contractual
commitments to clients.
C. Adviser has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time during the past ten years.
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Date of Brochure: March 17, 2025