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FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 1 – Cover Page
Navigoe, LLC
417 Beryl Street
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
(310) 697-0400
www.navigoe.com
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of
Navigoe, LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please
contact Eric Toya, Chief Compliance Officer, at (310) 697-0400 and/or
Eric@Navigoe.com. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified
by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state securities
authority.
Additional information about Navigoe, LLC is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Click on the “Investment Adviser Search” link and then search
for “Investment Adviser Firm” using the firm’s IARD number, which is 168716.
Navigoe, LLC | Item 1 – Cover Page
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FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 2 – Material Changes
The Material Changes section of this brochure will be updated annually when material
changes have occurred since the previous release of the Firm Brochure. This brochure
dated January 1, 2025 has had no material changes since the last annual update to the
brochure for Navigoe, LLC dated January 1, 2024. All clients will receive a copy of this
brochure prior to, or at the time of, becoming a client.
Currently, our brochure may be requested by contacting Eric Toya, Chief Compliance
Officer, at (310) 697-0400 or Eric@Navigoe.com.
Additional information about Navigoe, LLC is also available via the SEC’s website,
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. The SEC’s website also provides information about any
persons affiliated with Navigoe, LLC who are registered, or are required to be
registered, as investment adviser representatives of Navigoe, LLC.
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FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 3 – Table of Contents
Item 1 – Cover Page .................................................................................................................................. i
Item 2 – Material Changes ....................................................................................................................... ii
Item 3 – Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... iii
Item 4 – Advisory Business ...................................................................................................................... 4
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation ........................................................................................................... 6
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ............................................... 10
Item 7 – Types of Clients ........................................................................................................................ 11
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss .......................................... 13
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information ........................................................................................................... 17
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ............................................................ 18
Item 11 – Code of Ethics ........................................................................................................................ 19
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices .............................................................................................................. 20
Item 13 – Review of Accounts ............................................................................................................... 23
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation ......................................................................... 24
Item 15 – Custody ................................................................................................................................... 25
Item 16 – Investment Discretion ............................................................................................................ 26
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities ......................................................................................................... 27
Item 18 – Financial Information ............................................................................................................. 28
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FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 4 – Advisory Business
About Navigoe, LLC
Navigoe, LLC (Navigoe) is a limited liability company formed in 2013 in the state of
Nevada. The principal owner of the firm is Scott Leonard. The major decisions of a
strategic and administrative nature for the firm are undertaken by Mr. Leonard.
This narrative brochure provides clients with information regarding Navigoe and the
qualifications, business practices, and nature of advisory services that should be
considered before becoming an advisory client of Navigoe.
Prior to engaging Navigoe to provide services, clients are required to enter into an
agreement with Navigoe setting the terms and conditions of the engagement (including
termination), describing the scope of the services to be provided, and the portion of the
fee that is due from the client prior to Navigoe beginning services. It remains the client’s
responsibility to promptly notify Navigoe if there is ever any change in the client’s
financial situation or investment objectives for the purpose of
reviewing/evaluating/revising Navigoe’s previous recommendations and/or services.
Prior to entering into an on-going agreement with Navigoe, prospective clients first have
a complimentary Introductory Meeting. Navigoe learns the planning needs of the
prospective client and details the process to become a client.
The next step, if both parties decide to work together, the client may engage Navigoe to
provide ongoing financial consulting and investment management on a fee-only basis
as part of Navigoe’s Wealth Management Consulting process. Clients are taken through
a discovery and financial overview process that generally entails three separate phases
as follows:
Charting Your Course – This part of the process allows Navigoe to learn
Phase 1:
about the client’s values, interests, financial situation and concerns, and most of all their
family goals. Navigoe completes a “draft plan” which helps give the client a better
understanding of the scope and nature of Navigoe services.
Phase 2: Welcome Aboard – Navigoe learns the goals and values of the client and
gathers additional information
“Setting Sail” Meetings – Navigoe and the client begin implementing the
Phase 3:
investment plan and planning recommendations. This process can take from 4 weeks to
2 years, depending on the complexity of client situation. This is the implementation
stage of the process.
Concierge Wealth Management
After the Charting Your Course and Setting Sail process Navigoe’s Wealth Management
Process, customizable to the unique needs of the client, begins. For new clients,
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FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
usually in the first 12 to 24 months of working with Navigoe, there will be meetings as
often as necessary to establish the full breadth of planning recommendations and to
implement such recommendations.
Once the client's initial wealth management goals have been established, it is typical to
move to a two meeting per year schedule. The meetings are designed to move toward
and monitor the client's goals. The meetings are as follow:
Spring Stay the Course- Financial Plan and Investment Policy Review: The purpose of
this meeting is to review your goals and spending priorities and assess if your plan is
still suited to achieve them. We will also revisit your investment policy to ensure that
your allocation is targeted to your goals and spending priorities.
Fall Stay the Course- Income Tax Planning and Cash Flow Analysis: In the latter part of
the year, our team communicates with your tax professional to make recommendations
that can be implemented before the end of the year. If appropriate, we review your cash
flow needs to ensure your income is cost-efficient and tax-smart.
In addition to the two regularly scheduled Stay the Course meetings, Navigoe meets
with clients on an “ad hoc” basis to cover any additional topics that might be suitable for
the client.
Subject to any written guidelines, which the client may provide, Navigoe will be granted
discretion and authority to manage the client’s investment account(s). Accordingly,
Navigoe is authorized to perform various functions, at the client’s expense, without
further approval from the client. Such functions include making all investment decisions
on the (a) securities purchased/sold and (b) the amount of securities to be
purchased/sold. Once the portfolio is constructed, Navigoe provides ongoing
supervision and rebalancing of the portfolio as changes in market conditions and client
circumstances may require.
Navigoe primarily allocates investment management assets of its client accounts among
various asset classes using mutual funds or exchange traded funds (ETFs), (and to a
much lesser extent, among various individual debt and equity securities), on a
discretionary basis, in accordance with the investment objectives of the client as set
forth in an Investment Policy Statement prepared by Navigoe for review and acceptance
by the client. Unless the client directs otherwise, Navigoe shall primarily recommend
that all investment management accounts be maintained at Charles Schwab and Co.,
Inc. (Schwab) and/or National Advisors Trust Company FSB (NAT).
In certain circumstances, Navigoe recommends or works with a sub-advisor, in which
case the firm will work closely to tailor the solution to meet the needs of the client.
After consultation with Navigoe, clients may impose restrictions on investing in certain
securities or types of securities. Other restrictions may be imposed by clients with
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FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
respect to the (average or longest) maturity or credit quality of fixed income
investments. In either case, all restrictions must be in writing.
If requested by the client, Navigoe may recommend the services of other professionals
for implementation purposes. The client is under no obligation to engage the services of
any such recommended professional. The client retains absolute discretion over all
such implementation decisions and is free to accept or reject any recommendation from
Navigoe. If a client engages any such recommended professional, and a dispute arises
thereafter relative to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively
from and against the engaged professional.
401(k) and other Qualified Retirement Plans
An investment advisory service for business owners and trustees of 401(k) plans who
want the expertise and experience of an investment advisor who can complete sound
due diligence on fund selection, create a menu of options and risk adjusted allocation
models in order to ensure peace of mind and reduce fiduciary liability.
Retirement Accounts and ERISA
When we provide investment advice to you regarding your retirement plan account or
individual retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning of Title I of the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal Revenue Code, as
applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. The way we make money
creates some conflicts with your interests, so we operate under a special rule that
requires us to act in your best interest and not put our interests ahead of yours.
Under this special rule’s provisions, we must:
● Meet a professional standard of care when making investment recommendations
(give prudent advice);
● Never put our financial interests ahead of yours when making recommendations
(give loyal advice);
● Avoid misleading statements about conflicts of interest, fees, and investments;
● Follow policies and procedures designed to ensure that we give advice that is in
your best interest;
● Charge no more than is reasonable for our services; and
● Give you basic information about conflicts of interest.
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FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Selection of Other Advisers
As part of its advisory services, Navigoe utilizes with services of Arkadios Capital.
Arcadios assist with structuring bond ladder portfolios and with the selection and
purchase of bonds in a client’s portfolio.
Trade Error Policy
Should they occur, losses resulting from Navigoe’s trade errors shall be reimbursed by
Navigoe, but Navigoe shall not credit accounts for such errors resulting in market gains.
The gains and losses are reconciled within Navigoe’s custodian firm account, and while
Navigoe does not receive any net benefit, Navigoe retains the net gains to be used
against any future trade errors that may occur.
Client Obligations
In performing its services, Navigoe is not required to verify any information received
from the client or from the client’s other professionals. Moreover, each client is advised
that it remains his or her responsibility to promptly notify Navigoe if there is ever any
change in the client’s financial situation or investment objectives during the client
engagement.
Disclosure Statement
A copy of Navigoe’s written brochure as set forth on Part 2A of Form ADV shall be
provided to each client prior to, or at the same time as, the execution of the Financial
Planning and Consulting Agreement and/or Investment Advisory Agreement. Any client
who has not received a copy of Navigoe’s written brochure at least 48 hours prior to
executing the Financial Planning and Consulting Agreement and/or Investment Advisory
Agreement shall have five business days subsequent to executing the agreement to
terminate Navigoe’s services without penalty.
Non-Participation in Wrap Fee Programs
Navigoe, as a matter of policy and practice, does not sponsor any wrap fee program. A
wrap fee program is defined as any advisory program under which a specified fee or
fees not based directly upon transactions in a client’s account is charged for investment
supervisory services (which may include portfolio management or advice concerning the
selection of other investment advisers) and the execution of client transactions.
Amount of Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2024, provides investment management services to approximately
to $341.8 million in client assets. All assets are managed on a discretionary basis.
Our Policy on Class Action Lawsuits
From time to time, securities held in the accounts of clients will be the subject of class
action lawsuits. Navigoe has no obligation to determine if securities held by the client
are subject to a pending or resolved class action lawsuit. It also has no duty to evaluate
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FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
a client’s eligibility or to submit a claim to participate in the proceeds of a securities
class action settlement or verdict. Furthermore, Navigoe has no obligation or
responsibility to initiate litigation to recover damages on behalf of clients who may have
been injured as a result of actions, misconduct, or negligence by corporate
management of issuers whose securities are held by clients.
Where Navigoe receives written or electronic notice of a class action lawsuit,
settlement, or verdict affecting securities owned by a client, it will forward all notices,
proof of claim forms, and other materials, to the client. Electronic mail is acceptable
where appropriate if the client has authorized contact in this manner.
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FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation
Concierge Wealth Management
The client can determine to engage Navigoe to provide discretionary wealth management
services on a fee-only basis. Navigoe offers three methods of calculating the fees.
Fee Based on Financial Assets
A fee is based on the client’s financial assets calculated on the schedule below:
Total Financial Assets
Annualized Fee*
First $5,000,000
1.00%
Over $5,000,001
0.50%
*Client accounts may be aggregated for fee calculations.
Advisor’s fee is deducted from Client’s Account(s) on a monthly basis, in arrears,
calculated using the average daily balance, market value of the assets. The minimum
annual fee is $10,000.
Financial Assets for purposes of Advisor’s fee calculation includes: Client’s cash and
securities in the Account and all other brokerage accounts, cash and securities in an
account held at an employer’s 401(k) plan or other qualified plan, amounts held inside
an insurance policy, amounts held in an annuity’s subaccounts, the market value of
illiquid assets as determined by the custodian holding the assets, and the value of
privately held stock.
Annual Planning Fee + Investment Management Fee
A flat annual planning fee is determined based on the complexity of the client situation
and the breadth and depth of services required. This annual planning fee starts at a
minimum of $25,000/$2,083.33 monthly.
Investment management can be provided for an additional annual fee of 0.50% of
assets under management.
Annual Retainer
For select, high net worth clients, an annual retainer fee may be selected. This fee is
based upon the complexity and services to be provided. The annual fee begins at
$50,000 a year or higher and is billed monthly.
If requested by the client, Navigoe may act as a Trust Representative for National
Advisors Trust Company (NAT) or other trust companies. The fee for wealth
management and trust representation are:
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FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Trust Representative Services
Portfolio Size
Annualized Fee*
First $5,000,000
1.00%
Next $5,000,001 to $7,500,000
0.75%
Next $7,500,001 to $10,000,000
0.50%
Over $10,000,000
Negotiable
*Minimum annual fee is $15,000.
Advisor’s fee is deducted from Trust Account(s) on a monthly basis, in arrears,
calculated using the average daily balance, market value of the assets. The minimum
annual fee is $15,000/$1,250 monthly.
401(k) and other Qualified Retirement Plans
A fee is based on the plan’s assets calculated on the schedule below:
Total Financial Assets
Annualized Fee*
First $1,000,000
1.00%
Next $1,000,001 to $2,000,000 0.80%
Next $2,000,001 to $5,000,000
0.60%
Next $5,000,001 to $10,000,000 0.45%
Over $10,000,000
0.40%
*Client accounts may be aggregated for fee calculations.
Advisor’s fee is deducted from Client’s Account(s) on a monthly basis, in advance,
calculated using month-end, market value of the assets.
Existing clients may have a different fee structure. Certain clients may negotiate a
lesser fee based on certain circumstances. For example, at its discretion, Navigoe may
allow members of the same household to be aggregated for purposes of determining
the advisory fee. Such aggregation may be allowed when Navigoe services accounts
on behalf of minor children of current clients, individual and joint accounts for a spouse.
Navigoe, in its sole discretion, may reduce its minimum fee and/or charge a lesser
investment management fee for bundled and unbundled services based upon certain
criteria (i.e., anticipated future earning capacity, or additional assets, dollar amount of
assets to be managed, related accounts, account composition, negotiations with client.)
Payment for management fees will be made by the qualified custodian holding the
client’s funds and securities provided the client provides written authorization permitting
the fees to be paid directly from the client’s account. Navigoe will not have access to
client funds for payment of fees without client consent in writing. Further, the qualified
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FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
custodian agrees to deliver to the client, or make available through their web site,
monthly account statements showing all disbursements from the account. The client is
encouraged to review their account statements for accuracy. Navigoe will receive a
duplicate copy of the statement that was delivered to the client. Alternatively, Navigoe
may invoice clients directly for portfolio management fees. When clients are billed
directly, payment is due upon receipt of Navigoe’s invoice.
General Information Regarding Advisory Services and Fees
Navigoe does not represent, warrant, or imply that the services or methods of analysis
used by Navigoe can or will predict future results, successfully identify market tops or
bottoms, or insulate clients from losses due to market corrections.
Advice offered by Navigoe may involve investments in mutual funds or exchange traded
funds (ETFs). Clients are hereby advised that all fees paid to Navigoe for investment
supervisory services are separate and distinct from the fees and expenses charged by
mutual funds and ETFs to their shareholders, as described in each fund’s prospectus.
These fees will generally include a management fee and other fund expenses. Further,
transaction charges may be applicable when purchasing and selling securities. Navigoe
does not share in any portion of the brokerage fees and/or transaction charges imposed
by the broker-dealer/custodian holding the client funds or securities. Clients should
review all fees charged by mutual funds, Navigoe, and others to fully understand the
total amount of fees to be paid by the client.
Clients may also incur “account termination fees” upon the transfer of an account from one
brokerage firm (broker-dealer/custodian) to another. These account termination fees are
believed to range generally from $0 to $200 at present, but at times may be much higher.
Clients should contact their custodians (brokerage firms, banks or trust companies, etc.) to
determine the amount of account termination fees which may be charged and deducted
from their accounts for any existing accounts which may be transferred.
Such charges, fees and commissions are exclusive of and in addition to the firm’s fee,
and the firm does not receive any portion of these commissions, fees, and costs.
Item 12 further describes the factors that the firm considers in selecting or
recommending broker-dealers for client transactions and determining the
reasonableness of their compensation (e.g., commissions).
The vast majority of clients pay Navigoe’s fees based upon a percentage of the assets
advised upon. This is a very common form of compensation for registered investment
supervisory firms and avoids the multiple inherent conflicts of interest associated with
commission-based compensation (Navigoe does not accept commission-based
compensation of any nature, nor does Navigoe accept 12b-1 fees).
Asset-advised-upon percentage method of compensation can still at times lead to
conflicts of interest between our firm and our client as to the advice we provide. For
example, conflicts of interest may arise relating to the following financial decisions in
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FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
life: incur or pay down debt; gift funds to charities or to individuals; purchases of a
(larger) home or cars or other non-investment assets; the purchase of a lifetime
immediate annuity; expenditures of funds for travel or other activities; investment in
private equity investments (private real estate ventures, closely held businesses, etc.),
and the amount of funds to place in non-managed cash reserve accounts. Navigoe’s
goal is that the firm’s advice to the client remains at all times in the client’s best interest,
disregarding any impact of the decision upon Navigoe.
Termination
The client may terminate any new agreement without assessment of fees by providing
written notice of such cancellation to Navigoe within five (5) business days of the date of
signing the agreement. Thereafter, either party may terminate the agreement upon
notice in writing to the other party. Upon termination of any account, any prepaid,
unearned fees will be promptly refunded, with the refund calculations based pro rata to
the date of termination. Upon the termination of the agreement, Navigoe will not
possess any obligation to recommend or take any action with regard to the securities,
cash, or other investments in a client’s account.
Wealth Management services will continue in effect until terminated by either party by
written notice in accordance with the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement. The
agreement for Financial Consulting will be terminated in accordance with the Financial
Planning and Consulting Agreement.
Navigoe believes that the charges and fees offered within its program are competitive
with alternative programs available through other firms offering a similar range of
services; however, lower fees for comparable services may be available from other
sources. A client could invest in mutual funds directly, without the services of Navigoe.
In that case, the client would not receive the services provided by Navigoe which are
designed, among other things, to assist the client in determining which investments are
most appropriate to each client's financial condition and objectives, undertake a
disciplined approach to portfolio rebalancing while taking into account the tax
ramifications of same, and to avoid ad hoc emotional reactions to shorter-term market
events. Also, some of the funds used by the firm may not be available to the client
directly without the use of an investment adviser granted access to such funds.
Navigoe’s relationship with each client is non-exclusive; in other words, Navigoe
provides investment supervisory services and financial planning services to multiple
clients. Navigoe seeks to avoid situations in which one client’s interest may conflict with
the interest of another of its clients. However, one circumstance which could arise is a
sudden sharp downturn in the values of one or more stock asset classes, thereby
triggering (under adopted investment policies with the vast majority of Navigoe’s clients)
the need to rebalance the investment portfolios following the close of any business
(trading) day. In this instance, Navigoe seeks to rebalance each client’s investment
portfolio on a timely basis, keeping in mind that most mutual fund trades occur at the
end of a trading day. In determining which client portfolios to attend to first, Navigoe
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assesses which portfolios have the largest percentage out of balance relative to the
target allocation and generally proceeds to rebalance portfolios accordingly.
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FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
Item 6 is not applicable to Navigoe. Navigoe does not charge any performance-based
fees (fees based on a share of capital gains on or capital appreciation of the assets of a
client). Such acceptance or management would pose a significant conflict of interest to
our clients because performance-based fees may provide an incentive to make
investment decisions that pose excessive or inappropriate risk to the client’s financial
situation. Navigoe considers avoidance of such conflict a paramount policy in
maintaining our fiduciary duty to our clients.
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Navigoe, LLC | Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side
Management
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 7 – Types of Clients
Navigoe offers personalized investment supervisory services to high-net worth
individuals, individuals, business owners and pension and profit-sharing plans. Client
relationships vary in scope and length of service.
Required Minimum Client Accounts
Navigoe generally requires a minimum fee for wealth management services. However,
Navigoe, in its sole discretion, may reduce its minimum fee and/or charge a lesser
wealth management fee for bundled and unbundled services based upon certain criteria
(i.e., anticipated future earning capacity, or additional assets, dollar amount of assets to
be managed, related accounts, account composition, negotiations with client.)
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FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Before designing investment plans for clients, Navigoe will evaluate the client’s current
investments to determine whether the client’s goals harmonize with the client’s financial
objectives. In designing investment plans for clients, Navigoe relies upon the
information supplied by the client and client’s other professional advisors. Such
information may pertain to the client’s financial situation, estate planning, tax planning,
risk management, short-term and long-term lifetime financial goals and objectives,
investment time horizon, and perceived current tolerance for risk. Navigoe will design
and propose a portfolio to help clients attain the client’s financial goals.
This information will become the basis for the strategic asset allocation plan which
Navigoe believes will best meet the client’s stated personal financial goals. The
strategic asset allocation provides for investments in those asset classes which Navigoe
believes will possess attractive combinations of return, risk, and correlation over the
long term.
When Navigoe invests client assets, asset allocation techniques are used which include
stocks and bonds of varying characteristics and from both the United States and foreign
markets. Navigoe invests for the long term and expects that not all investments in a
given portfolio will perform in unison with other assets in the same portfolio. Navigoe
manages money for the clients’ downside protection, in addition to upside gain. Navigoe
does not systematically re-balance the portfolio on a calendar basis, but monitors each
portfolio’s asset allocation and will make adjustments where appropriate. Navigoe’s
portfolio management decisions are made considering only the assets being managed
and not with regards to other investments the client may hold.
Navigoe may also provide advice on any type of investment held in a client’s portfolio at
the inception of the advisory relationship. Navigoe will explore other investment options
at the client’s request. Additionally, Navigoe reserves the right to advise clients on any
other type of investment that it deems appropriate based on the client’s stated goals
and objectives.
Navigoe may utilize a fundamental analysis approach. A fundamental approach to
investment analysis includes such factors as economic conditions, earnings, industry
outlook, political conditions (as they relate to the investment), historical data,
price/earnings ratios, dividends, general level of interest rates, company management
and tax benefits. Sources of information include financial newspapers and magazines,
research materials prepared by others, corporate rating services, annual reports,
prospectuses, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and company
press releases.
Other sources that the firm may use include Dimensional Fund Advisors, Morningstar
mutual fund information, Morningstar stock information, and other information available
on the internet.
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Navigoe, LLC | Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk
of Loss
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Investment Strategies
The primary investment strategy used on client accounts is asset allocation based on a
body of research referred to as Modern Portfolio Theory; many of the contributors have
been awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics. Navigoe develops a diversified investment
portfolio by mixing different assets in varying proportions depending on the client’s goals
and current economic climate. The primary purpose of asset allocation is to reduce the
risk in the portfolio, while maintaining or enhancing the rate of return of the portfolio.
Portfolios are globally diversified to control the risk associated with traditional markets.
Asset Allocation software is used to help determine the risk and reward of the expected
rate of return for any portfolio.
Each client receives investment advice regarding their portfolio based upon his or her:
● Time Horizon
● Risk Tolerance
● Expected Rate of Return
● Financial Goals
The investment vehicles used to invest in the various asset classes are mutual funds or
exchange traded funds (ETFs). The mutual funds and ETFs provide:
● Professional Management
● Diversification
● Flexibility
● Liquidity
The investment strategy for a specific client is based upon the objectives stated by the
client during consultations. The client may change these objectives at any time.
Navigoe’s methods of analysis and investment strategies do not present any significant
or unusual risks. However, every method of analysis has its own inherent risks. To
perform an accurate market analysis Navigoe must have access to current/new market
information. Navigoe has no control over the distribution rate of market information. An
accurate market analysis can only produce a forecast of the direction of market values.
There can be no assurances that a forecasted change in market value will materialize
into actionable and/or profitable investment opportunities.
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Navigoe, LLC | Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk
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FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Investment advice is offered in relation to equities, corporate bonds, commercial paper,
bank deposits, municipal securities, U.S. Government Securities, institutional and retail
mutual funds, exchange traded funds (ETFs), variable annuities, variable life insurance,
limited partnership and investment trusts. Navigoe will not provide advice for commodity
futures. Non-securities advice is offered in relation to estate planning strategies,
retirement planning strategies, tax planning strategies, life insurance, annuity contracts,
and long-term care insurance.
Navigoe may provide advice on other partnership interests, including equipment leases,
tax credit programs, and managed portfolios of debt and equity securities. Please note
that private investment funds generally involve various risk factors and liquidity
constraints, a complete discussion of which is set forth in each fund’s offering
documents, which will be provided to each client for review and consideration. Each
prospective client investor will be required to complete a Subscription Agreement,
pursuant to which the client shall establish that the client is qualified for investment in
the fund, and acknowledges and accepts the various risk factors that are associated
with such an investment.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear.
Navigoe’s investment approach constantly keeps the risk of loss in mind. Investors face
the following investment risks:
Interest-rate Risk: The risk that investment returns will be affected by changes in the
level of interest rates. When interest rates increase, the prices and values of bonds
decrease. When interest rates decrease, the prices and values of bonds increase.
Market Risk: The risk that investment returns will be affected by changes in the overall
level of the stock market. When the stock market as a whole, increases or decreases
virtually all stocks are affected to some degree.
Reinvestment Rate Risk: The risk incurred when an investment’s income is reinvested
at a lower rate than the rate that existed at the time the original investment was made.
This risk is most prevalent when interest rates fall.
Purchasing Power Risk (Inflation Risk): The risk that inflation will affect the return of an
investment in real dollars. In other words, the amount of goods that one dollar will
purchase decreases with time. Investments that have low returns, such as savings
accounts, are not likely to keep up with inflation. Investments with fixed returns, such as
bonds, will decrease in value because their purchasing value will decrease with
inflation.
14
Navigoe, LLC | Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk
of Loss
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Business Risk: The risk associated with a particular industry or firm. These are factors
that affect the industry or firm, but do not affect the whole market. They include
government regulations, management competency, or local or regional economic
factors.
Financial Risk: The risk associated with the mix of debt and equity used to finance a
firm. The greater the financial leverage, the greater the financial risk.
Currency Risk (Exchange Rate Risk): The risk that a change in the value of a foreign
currency relative to the U.S. dollar will negatively affect a U.S. investor’s return.
Liquidity Risk: Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into cash.
Generally, assets are more liquid if many traders are interested in a standardized
product. For example, Treasury Bills are highly liquid, while real estate properties are
not.
In general, cash equivalents provide liquidity with minimum income, and a return of
principal with no capital appreciation. Cash equivalents are, however, subject to
purchasing power risk.
Fixed income investments provide current income. Usually, the longer the maturity of
the security, the higher the income it will generate. Also, with longer maturities, fixed
income investments will have greater price volatility and greater opportunity for capital
gains or capital losses. Fixed income investments are subject to interest rate risk,
reinvestment rate risk, and purchasing power risk. In addition, foreign bonds would be
subject to currency rate risk and corporate bonds would be subject to business risk and
financial risk.
The return of principal for bond funds and funds with significant underlying bond
holdings is not guaranteed. Mutual fund shares are subject to the same interest rate,
inflation and credit risks associated with the underlying bond holdings. Lower rated
bonds are subject to greater fluctuations in value and risk of loss of income and
principal than higher rated bonds.
Equity investments are subject to greater volatility, thus providing a greater opportunity
for capital gains, and a greater opportunity for capital losses. Equity investments offer
little or no current income. Equity investments are subject to market risk and interest
rate risk, while providing an opportunity to protect against purchasing power risk. Also,
stock mutual funds, rather than individual equities, may limit the exposure to business
risk and financial risk.
Investing outside the United States involves additional risks, such as currency
fluctuations, periods of illiquidity and price volatility. These risks may be heightened in
connection with investments in developing countries. Small-company stocks entail
additional risks, and they can fluctuate in price more than larger company stocks.
15
Navigoe, LLC | Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk
of Loss
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Investments are not FDIC-insured, nor are they deposits of or guaranteed by a bank or
any other entity, so they may lose value.
Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, and the client should not
assume that future performance of any specific investment or investment strategy
(including the investments and/or investment strategies recommended by Navigoe) will
be profitable or equal to any specific performance level(s).
16
Navigoe, LLC | Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk
of Loss
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
Navigoe has no reportable legal or disciplinary events.
Navigoe, LLC | Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
17
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Neither Navigoe, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application pending
to register, as a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer.
Neither Navigoe, nor its representatives, are registered or have an application pending
to register, as a futures commission merchant, a commodity pool operator, a commodity
trading advisor, or a representative of the foregoing.
Navigoe does not have any relationship or arrangement that is material to its advisory
business or to its clients with any related person.
Navigoe is approved as a Trust Representative Office (“TRO”) of National Advisors
Trust Company FSB of Overland Park, Kansas. As a TRO, certified representatives of
Navigoe are permitted to hold client meetings, offer educational seminars, provide
informational brochures, fee schedules and other pre-approved marketing materials
promoting Navigoe’s access to trust, employee benefit, and other fiduciary services
offered by National Advisors Trust Company.
National Advisors Trust does not share fees from client accounts, provide referral
compensation, or pay revenue of any kind to Navigoe, its principal officers, and
employees for its services as a Trust Representative Office.
As a TRO, Navigoe and its employees are not authorized to formally accept any client
accounts, sign documents, hold client assets in custody, perform discretionary fiduciary
duties (other than investment management of client account assets) or collect fees on
behalf of National Advisors Trust Company. Navigoe may facilitate communications
between the client and National Advisors Trust, transmit documents for review or
signature, or counsel clients on the services provided by National Advisors Trust.
Scott A. Leonard is a less than 1% shareholder of National Advisors Trust. Navigoe may
recommend or select other investment advisors for its clients.
Navigoe, LLC | Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
18
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 11 – Code of Ethics
Navigoe has adopted a Code of Ethics for all supervised persons of the firm describing
its high standard of business conduct, and fiduciary duty to its clients. The Code of
Ethics includes provisions relating to the confidentiality of client information, a
prohibition on insider trading, and personal securities trading procedures, among other
things. All supervised persons at Navigoe must acknowledge the terms of the Code of
Ethics annually, or as amended.
Navigoe’s clients or prospective clients may request a copy of the firm's Code of Ethics
by contacting Eric Toya at (310) 697-0400 or Eric@Navigoe.com.
Neither Navigoe nor any related person of Navigoe recommends, buys, sells for client
accounts, securities in which Navigoe or any related person of Navigoe has a material
financial interest.
Navigoe and/or representatives of Navigoe may buy or sell securities that are also
recommended to clients. This practice may create a situation where Navigoe and/or
representatives of the firm are in a position to materially benefit from the sale or
purchase of those securities. Therefore, this situation creates a potential conflict of
interest. In addition, Navigoe has policies in place to help detect insider trading, “front-
running” (i.e., personal trades executed prior to those of Navigoe’s clients) and other
potentially abusive practices.
Navigoe maintains and enforces written policies reasonably designed to prevent the
misuse of material non-public information by Navigoe or any person associated with
Navigoe.
Navigoe has a personal securities transaction policy in place to monitor the personal
securities transactions and securities holdings of each of Navigoe’s “Access Persons”.
Navigoe’s securities transaction policy requires that Access Persons of Navigoe must
provide the Chief Compliance Officer with a written report of the current reportable
securities holdings within ten (10) days after becoming an Access Person. Additionally,
each Access Person must provide the Chief Compliance Officer with a written report of
the Access Person’s current reportable securities holdings at least once each twelve
(12) month period thereafter.
It is Navigoe’s policy that the firm will not affect any principal or agency cross securities
transactions for client accounts. Navigoe believes that such transactions would pose a
significant conflict of interest to Navigoe’s clients. Navigoe considers avoidance of such
conflict a paramount policy in maintaining its fiduciary duty to its clients.
Navigoe, LLC | Item 11 – Code of Ethics
19
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
In the event the client requests that Navigoe recommend a broker dealer/custodian for
execution and/or custodial services (exclusive of those clients that may direct Navigoe
to use a specific broker-dealer/custodian), Navigoe generally recommends Charles
Schwab and Co., Inc. (Schwab), an unaffiliated SEC-registered broker dealer, and/or
National Advisors Trust FSB (NAT). Prior to engaging Navigoe to provide investment
management services, the client will be required to enter into a formal Investment
Advisory Agreement with Navigoe setting forth the terms and conditions under which
Navigoe shall manage the client’s assets, and a separate custodial/clearing agreement
with each designated custodian.
Factors that Navigoe considers in recommending Schwab, and/or NAT (or any other
broker-dealer/custodian to clients) include historical relationship with Navigoe, financial
strength, reputation, execution capabilities, pricing, research, and service. Although the
commissions and/or transaction fees paid by Navigoe's clients shall comply with
Navigoe's duty to obtain best execution, a client may pay a transaction fee that is higher
than another qualified broker-dealer might charge to effect the same transaction. If this
occurs, it is because Navigoe determines, in good faith, that the transaction fee is
reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services received. In
seeking best execution, the determinative factor is not the lowest possible cost, but
whether the transaction represents the best qualitative execution, taking into
consideration the full range of broker-dealer services, including the value of research
provided, execution capability, commission rates, and responsiveness. Accordingly,
although Navigoe will seek competitive rates, it may not necessarily obtain the lowest
possible transaction rates for client account transactions. The brokerage commissions
or transaction fees charged by the designated custodian are exclusive of, and in
addition to, Navigoe's investment management fee. Navigoe’s best execution
responsibility is qualified if securities that it purchases for client accounts are mutual
funds that trade at net asset value as determined at the daily market close.
When beneficial to the client, transactions may be effected through broker-dealers with
whom Navigoe or the client have entered into arrangements for prime brokerage
clearing services (in which event, the client shall incur both the transaction fee charged
by the executing broker-dealer and a “tradeaway” fee charged by Schwab and/or NAT).
Research and Additional Benefits
Although not a material consideration when determining whether to recommend that a
client utilize the services of a particular custodian, Navigoe may receive from Schwab
and/or NAT (or another broker-dealer/custodian) without cost (and/or at a discount)
support services and/or products, certain of which assist Navigoe to better monitor and
service client accounts maintained at such institutions. Included within the support
services that may be obtained by Navigoe may be investment-related research, to client
account data, compliance and/or practice management-related publications, discounted
Navigoe, LLC | Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
20
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
or gratis consulting services, discounted and/or gratis attendance at conferences,
meetings, and other educational and/or social events, marketing support, computer
hardware and/or software and/or other products used by Navigoe in furtherance of its
investment supervisory business operations.
As indicated above, certain of the support services and/or products that may be
received may assist Navigoe in managing and administering client accounts. Others do
not directly provide such assistance, but rather assist Navigoe to manage and further
develop its business enterprise.
Navigoe’s clients do not pay more for investment transactions effected and/or assets
maintained at Schwab and/or NAT as a result of this arrangement. There is no
corresponding commitment made by Navigoe to Schwab, NAT or any other entity to
invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific mutual funds,
securities or other investment products as result of the above arrangement. However,
Navigoe does receive a benefit from the services received because it doesn’t have to
produce or pay for the research, products or services. Navigoe may have an incentive
to select or recommend a broker-dealer based on receiving the research or other
products or services, rather than on the clients’ interest in receiving most favorable
execution.
Navigoe’s Chief Compliance Officer, Eric Toya, remains available to address any
questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the above arrangement
and any corresponding perceived conflict of interest such arrangement may create.
Aggregation of Client Trades
To the extent that Navigoe provides investment management services to its clients, the
transactions for each client account generally will be effected independently, unless
Navigoe decides to purchase or sell the same securities for several clients at
approximately the same time. Navigoe may (but is not obligated to) combine or “bunch”
such orders to obtain best execution, to negotiate more favorable commission rates or
to allocate equitably among Navigoe’s clients’ differences in prices and commissions or
other transaction costs that might have been obtained had such orders been placed
independently. Under this procedure, transactions will be averaged as to price and will
be allocated among clients in proportion to the purchase and sale orders placed for
each client account on any given day. Navigoe shall not receive any additional
compensation or remuneration as a result of such aggregation.
Navigoe’s employees are not registered representatives of Schwab, NAT or any other
custodian/broker-dealer and do not receive any commissions or fees from
recommending these services.
Navigoe is approved as a Trust Representative Office (“TRO”) of National Advisors
Trust FSB of Overland Park, Kansas. As a TRO, certified representatives of Navigoe
are permitted to hold client meetings, offer educational seminars, provide informational
Navigoe, LLC | Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
21
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
brochures, fee schedules and other pre-approved marketing materials promoting
Navigoe access to trust, employee benefit, and other fiduciary services offered by
National Advisors Trust Navigoe is authorized to use its designation as a TRO of
National Advisors Trust on signage, business cards, and other marketing material
promoting the investment advisory services offered by Navigoe. Any promotional
materials or advertising must clearly specify that trustee and custodial services are
provided by National Advisors Trust FSB, Overland Park, Kansas.
National Advisors Trust does not share fees from client accounts, provide referral
compensation, or pay revenue of any kind to Navigoe, its principal officers, and
employees for its services as a Trust Representative Office.
As a TRO, Navigoe and its employees are not authorized to formally accept any client
accounts, sign documents, hold client assets in custody, perform discretionary fiduciary
duties (other than investment management of client account assets) or collect fees on
behalf of National Advisors Trust. Navigoe may facilitate communications between the
client and National Advisors Trust, transmit documents for review or signature, or
counsel clients on the services provided by National Advisors Trust.
Directed Brokerage
Some clients may instruct Navigoe to use one or more particular brokers for the
transactions in their accounts. Clients who may want to direct Navigoe to use a
particular broker should understand that this may prevent Navigoe from effectively
negotiating brokerage compensation on their behalf. This arrangement may also
prevent Navigoe from obtaining the most favorable net price and execution. Thus, when
directing brokerage business, clients should consider whether the commission
expenses and execution, clearance and settlement capabilities that they will obtain
through their broker are adequately favorable in comparison to those that Navigoe
would otherwise obtain for its clients. Clients are encouraged to discuss available
alternatives with their advisory representative.
Navigoe, LLC | Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
22
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 13 – Review of Accounts
For those clients to whom Navigoe provides investment management supervisory
services, account reviews will be conducted on an ongoing basis by Navigoe’s
Principals and/or Associated Persons. All investment supervisory clients are advised
that it remains their responsibility to advise Navigoe in writing of any changes in the
client’s investment objectives and/or financial situation, or if they wish to impose any
reasonable restrictions on Navigoe’s discretionary management services. All clients (in
person or electronically) are encouraged to review investment objectives and account
performance with Navigoe on an annual basis.
Navigoe may conduct account reviews on another than periodic basis upon the
occurrence of a triggering event such as a market correction, large deposits or
withdrawals from an account, substantial changes in the value of a client’s portfolio,
change in the client’s investment objectives and client request.
Reports to Clients
The account custodian provides trade confirmation and statements to clients on at least
a quarterly basis. For those clients to whom Navigoe provides investment supervisory
services, they will generally receive performance reports for each quarter accessible via
the internet and will have constants access to updated on their investments via the
internet investment portal, unless otherwise agreed to with the client. Reports typically
include summaries of client portfolio performance, investment holdings and account
values. Additional reports are available and will be provided on an ad hoc basis.
Navigoe, LLC | Item 13 – Review of Accounts
23
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
As reference in Item 12 above, Navigoe may receive an indirect economic benefit from
Schwab and/or NAT. Navigoe, without cost (and/or at a discount) may receive support
services and/or products from Schwab and/or NAT.
Navigoe clients do not pay more for investment transactions placed and/or assets
maintained at Schwab or NAT as a result of this arrangement. There is no
corresponding commitment made by Navigoe to Schwab, NAT or any other entity to
invest any specific amount or percentage of client assets in any specific mutual funds,
securities, or other investment products as a result of this arrangement.
Navigoe periodically receives client referrals from websites where they may be listed. In
no case will the client pay any additional fees to Navigoe for services if the referral
comes from any of these listings.
Navigoe may also employ/engage solicitors to whom it will pay cash or a portion of the
fees paid by the client referred to the firm by those solicitors. All solicitors who refer
clients will comply with the requirements of the jurisdiction where they operate. When
applicable, the solicitor will be licensed as investment advisors or notice filed in the
applicable jurisdiction.
Navigoe, LLC | Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
24
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 15 – Custody
It is Navigoe’s policy to not accept custody of a client’s securities. In other words,
Navigoe is not granted access to the clients’ accounts which would enable Navigoe to
withdraw or transfer or otherwise move funds or cash from any client account to
Navigoe’s accounts or the account of any third party (other than for purposes of fee
deductions, as explained below). This is for the safety of the clients’ assets.
However, with a client’s consent, Navigoe may be provided with the authority to seek
deduction of Navigoe’s fees from a client’s accounts; this process generally is more
efficient for both the client and the investment adviser. The account custodian does not
verify the accuracy of Navigoe’s advisory fee calculation.
All Navigoe clients receive account statements directly from qualified custodians, such
as a bank or broker dealer that maintains those assets. The client should carefully
review these account statements, and compare them to the quarterly or other reports
provided by Navigoe. Statements provided by Navigoe may vary from custodial
statements based on accounting procedures, reporting dates, or valuation
methodologies of certain securities. Navigoe urges all clients to compare statements in
order to ensure that all account transactions, including deductions to pay advisory fees,
remain proper, and to contact Eric Toya, Chief Compliance Officer with any questions or
if you are not receiving at least quarterly custodial account statements.
Navigoe, LLC | Item 15 – Custody
25
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 16 – Investment Discretion
Navigoe typically receives discretionary authority from the client at the beginning of an
advisory relationship to select the identity and amount of securities to be bought or sold.
Prior to Navigoe assuming discretionary authority over a client’s account, the client shall
be required to execute an Investment Advisory Agreement, granting Navigoe full
authority to buy, sell, or otherwise effect investment transactions. In addition, any
investment discretion is obtained in writing through a limited power of attorney signed by
the client prior. In all cases, however, such discretion is to be exercised in a manner
consistent with the stated investment objectives for the particular client account.
Discretionary authority allows Navigoe to perform trades in the client’s account without
further approval from the client. This includes decisions on the following:
● Securities purchased or sold
● The amount of securities to be purchased or sold
Once the portfolio is constructed, Navigoe provides ongoing supervision and re-
balancing of the portfolio as changes in market conditions and client circumstances may
require.
Navigoe seeks to undertake a minimal amount of trading in client accounts, in order to
keep transaction fees, other expenses, and tax consequences associated with trading
to minimal levels.
Clients who engage Navigoe on a discretionary basis may, at any time, impose
restrictions, in writing, on Navigoe’s discretionary authority (i.e., limit the types/amounts
of particular securities purchased for their account, exclude the ability to purchase
securities with an inverse relationship to the market, limit or proscribe Navigoe’s use of
margin, etc.).
NOTE: When determining whether to engage Navigoe on a discretionary or non-
discretionary basis, please note that trades for discretionary clients may be placed ahead
of non-discretionary clients.
Navigoe, LLC | Item 16 – Investment Discretion
26
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
Navigoe will not vote proxies on behalf of advisory clients’ accounts. Although, on rare
occasions and only at the client’s request, Navigoe may offer clients advice regarding
corporate actions and the exercise of proxy voting rights.
Clients will receive their proxies or other solicitations directly from their broker-
dealer/custodian.
Navigoe, LLC | Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
27
FORM ADV PART 2A (“FIRM BROCHURE”)
FOR NAVIGOE, LLC
January 1, 2025
Item 18 – Financial Information
Navigoe does not require the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six
months or more in advance. Navigoe accepts limited forms of discretion over clients’
accounts, as described in Item 16 of this brochure. Navigoe is unaware of any financial
condition that is reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet contractual commitments to
clients. Navigoe has never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
Navigoe, LLC | Item 18 – Financial Information
28