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ITEM 1. COVER PAGE OF PART 2A OF FORM ADV: FIRM BROCHURE
March 25, 2025
CORE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. dba CORE FINANCIAL
222 N PACIFIC COAST HWY, SUITE 1900
EL SEGUNDO, CA 90245
310-450-6004
FIRM CONTACT:
ANDRE HADZI-PAVLOVIC, CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER
FIRM WEBSITE ADDRESS:
HTTPS://WWW.COREFPI.COM
This brochure (“Brochure”) provides information about the qualifications and business
practices of Core Financial. If you have any questions about the contents of this Brochure,
please contact Andre Hadzi-Pavlovic by telephone at 310-450-6004 or email at
andre@kobreco.com. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified
by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any State
Securities Authority.
Additional information about Core Financial also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of
Core Financial and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill
or training. You are encouraged to review this Brochure and Brochure Supplements for
our firm’s associates who advise you for more information on the qualifications of our firm
and our employees.
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Item 2. Material Changes
Since the last annual updating amendment dated March 28, 2024, Core Financial updated its
principal address (see Item 1 herein and Form ADV Part 1 Item 1). There are no additional material
changes to report.
Item 3. Table of Contents
Section: Page(s):
Item 1. Cover Page of Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure ......................................................... 1
Item 2. Material Changes .................................................................................................................. 2
Item 3. Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. 2
Item 4. Advisory Business ............................................................................................................... 3
Item 5. Fees and Compensation ....................................................................................................... 6
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management ..................................................... 8
Item 7. Types of Clients & Account Requirements ......................................................................... 8
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss .............................................. 8
Item 9. Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................... 15
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations .......................................................... 15
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions & Personal Trading ..... 18
Item 12. Brokerage Practices ......................................................................................................... 19
Item 13. Review of Accounts or Financial Plans ........................................................................... 22
Item 14. Client Referrals & Other Compensation.......................................................................... 23
Item 15. Custody ............................................................................................................................ 24
Item 16. Investment Discretion ...................................................................................................... 25
Item 17. Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................... 25
Item 18. Financial Information ...................................................................................................... 25
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Item 4. Advisory Business
Core Financial Partners, Inc. (“Core Financial,” the “Firm,” “we,” “our”) is an SEC registered
investment adviser who specializes in the following types of services: Financial Planning and
Consulting and Wrapped Fee Asset Management.
A. Description of our advisory firm, including how long we have been in business and our
principal owner(s).
We are dedicated to providing corporations, partnerships, sole proprietors, foundations, non-
profits, families, individuals, high-net-worth individuals and other entities with asset
management and financial planning services. Our firm is a corporation formed in the State of
California. The Firm has been in business as an investment adviser since 2010 and is wholly
owned by John C. Koudsi, Chief Executive Officer (CEO).
B. Description of the types of advisory services we offer.
(i) Financial planning and consulting:
We typically provide a variety of financial planning services, pursuant to a written
agreement to corporations, partnerships, sole proprietors, foundations, non-profits,
families, individuals, and other entities regarding the management of their financial
resources based upon an analysis of client’s current situation, goals, and objectives.
This planning and consulting service encompasses one or more of the following areas:
Personal Financial Planning:
Insurance Planning and Administration
• Cash Flow Analysis
• Retirement Planning Strategies
• College Education Planning Strategies
Income Tax Planning
•
Investment Management
•
• Alternative Investments
• Real Estate Investment Analysis
• Trust and Estate Planning
• Multi-Generational Planning
•
• Life, Disability, Property/Casualty
• Mortgage Consulting & Coordination
Business Financial Planning:
• Corporate Tax Planning
• Financial Statement Analysis & Business/Tax Projections
• Entity Selection and Structuring
• Evaluate Business Opportunities
• Optimize Shareholder(s) Benefits
• Employee Benefit Programs
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• Pension Consulting (in conjunction with Third Party Administrator (“TPA”)
• Employee Deferral 401k Plan Consulting
• Negotiate Corporate Financing including Business Line(s) of Credit, Mortgage, &
SBA Finance.
Identify Debt Restructuring Opportunities
Identify Cost-Segregation Opportunities
Insurance Planning and Strategies
•
• Structure Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions
•
• Succession Planning
• Buy/Sell Agreement Review
• Strategic Exit Planning
•
• Coordinate Advice and Services in conjunction with tax, legal, actuarial, and other
financial professionals.
(ii) Asset management:
We continuously and regularly supervise client accounts. As part of our asset management
service, we primarily create a portfolio, consisting of exchange traded funds, mutual funds,
structured notes, private equity funds which can include hard money lending, investing in
commercial real estate, non-traded or public REITs, and private placements. We may also
invest in other securities, including but not limited to, individual stocks or bonds.
Furthermore, where appropriate, Core Financial recommends clients invest in various
alternative investment offerings including, but not limited to, the list below:
• Jett Ventures Fund I, LLC
• Trojan Storage Open-End Acquisition Fund, LLC,
• Trojan Storage of Oregon City, LLC
• Trojan Storage of Florin, LLC
• Trojan Storage of Burbank, LLC
• Trojan Storage Opp Zone Fund Commerce, LLC
• Trojan Storage Fund 2019, LLC
• Trojan Storage Fund 2020, LLC
• Trojan Storage Fund 2021, LLC
• Trojan Storage Fund 2022, LLC
The offerings listed above are managed by an affiliated entity, KoBre Holdings, LLC, for which
Mr. Koudsi is also an owner and controlling member, which represents a conflict of interest.
To mitigate this conflict, Core Financial complies with the requirements of Section 206(3) of
the Advisers Act for principal transactions.
Many alternative investments require a minimum investment amount, carry significant liquidity
risk, and are only available to investors who meet certain income and/or net worth requirements.
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We have a number of factors we consider when recommending alternative investments to clients
that include but are not limited to the accreditation status, the level of interest a client expresses
for such investments, past participation in such investments, and whether the investment would
offer diversification to the client’s portfolio. The client’s individual investment strategy is tailored
to their specific needs and could include some or all of the previously mentioned investment
offerings. Each portfolio will be initially designed to meet a particular investment goal, which
we determine to be suitable to the client’s circumstances. Once the appropriate portfolio has
been determined, we review the portfolio at least quarterly and if necessary, rebalance the portfolio
based upon the client’s individual needs, stated goals and objectives.
C. Explanation of whether (and, if so, how) we tailor our advisory services to the individual
needs of clients and whether clients may impose restrictions on investing in certain securities
or types of securities.
(i) Tailoring the portfolio based on a client’s individual situation:
We work with each asset management client to understand their financial situation and risk
appetite to tailor a portfolio allocation that meets their objectives. Additionally, we offer
general investment advice to clients utilizing the financial planning and consulting
services.
(ii) Ability of clients to impose restrictions on investing in certain securities or types of
securities:
We usually do not allow clients to impose restrictions on investing in individual securities
or types of securities due to the level of difficulty this would entail in managing
their account(s). However, from time to time, we may accept client requests to purchase
and/or hold individual securities in their portfolio.
D. Participation in wrap fee programs.
We offer wrap fee programs as further described in Part 2A, Appendix 1 (the “Wrap Fee
Program Brochure”) of our Brochure. Our wrap fee accounts are managed according to the
client’s investment objectives, financial goals, risk tolerance, etc. Wrap fee accounts include
both discretionary accounts, and non-discretionary accounts/investments for which we
have made investment recommendations to our clients.
E. Disclosure of the amount of client assets we manage on a discretionary basis and the amount
of client assets we manage on a non-discretionary basis.
We manage client assets in discretionary accounts on a continuous and regular basis. As of
December 31, 2024, the total amount of assets under our management was $284,599,304.
Of this total, $98,005,854 is managed in discretionary accounts and $186,593,450 is managed
in non-discretionary accounts.
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Item 5. Fees and Compensation
We are required to describe how we are compensated for our services. Our fees are negotiable as
described below.
A. Description of how we are compensated for our advisory services provided to you.
(i) Financial planning and consulting:
We charge a flat fee for financial planning and consulting services. The total estimated
fee, as well as the ultimate fee that we charge you, is based on the scope and complexity
of our engagement with you. Flat fees generally range from $1,800 to $50,000 on an
annual basis. Our hourly rate is $450 and is used for the purposes of calculating pro-rated
flat fees in the case of termination. This fee is paid either on a monthly or semi -
annual basis in advance.
(ii) Asset Management:
Assets under management
Annual percentage of assets charge*:
$0 to $10,000,000
$10,000,000 to $20,000,000
$20,000,000 to $50,000,000
Above $50,000,000
1.00%
0.90%
0.75%
0.60%
* Some accounts are under different fee schedules honoring prior agreements. Our standard
fee schedule is negotiable based on a number of factors, which include but are not limited
to “grandfathered” accounts, related accounts, and other structures that we consider in
special situations. Our firm’s asset management fees are billed on a pro-rata annualized
basis monthly in advance based on the value of your account on the last day of previous
month.
The value of client investments in the various Trojan Storage and Jett Ventures funds
outlined in Item 4.b.(ii) above are included when calculating the management fee paid to
Core Financial. Additionally, client investments in other third-party private/alternative
investments recommended by Core Financial are included when calculating the
management fee paid to Core Financial. Investments in private placements/alternative
investments are billed on a pro-rata annualized monthly basis in advance based upon the
value of the investment/account on the last day of the previous month. In the case of all
private placements/alternative investments, valuations are based upon information received
from the respective managers of the investments.
B. Description of whether we deduct fees from clients’ assets or bill clients for fees incurred.
(i) Financial planning and consulting:
Fees for financial planning and consulting are either a) payable on a monthly basis if auto-
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debited from a client’s account, or b) payable semi-annually if not auto-debited.
(ii) Asset management:
Fees will generally be automatically deducted from your managed account(s)*. As part
of this process, you understand and acknowledge the following:
a) You provide authorization permitting us to be directly paid by these terms, including
automatically deducting fees from your accounts with independent custodians to cover
asset management fees related to your investments that are covered by your participation
in our wrap asset management programs, including accounts with third-party managers;
and
b) Your independent custodian sends statements at least quarterly to you showing all
disbursements from your account, including the amount of the advisory fees paid to us.
*In rare cases, we will agree to directly bill clients.
C. Description of any other types of fees or expenses clients may pay in connection with our
advisory services, such as custodian fees or mutual fund expenses.
Wrap fee clients will receive our Form ADV, Part 2A, Appendix 1 (the “Wrap Fee Program
Brochure”). Wrap fee clients will not incur transaction costs for trades initiated by us;
however, clients may incur transaction charges for any trades the client places themselves
directly with the broker. Clients will pay some or all of the following separately incurred
expenses, which we do not receive any part of: charges imposed directly by a mutual fund,
index fund, or exchange traded fund which shall be disclosed in the fund’s prospectus (i.e.,
fund management fees and other fund expenses), mark-ups and mark-downs, spreads paid
to market makers, wire transfer fees and other fees and taxes on brokerage accounts and
securities transactions. More information about this is disclosed in our separate Wrap Fee
Program Brochure.
The use of unaffiliated third-party managers and private placements may incur fees that are
separate and in addition to the asset management fees we charge. For more information
regarding these separate fees, please review the third-party manager’s Form ADV, Part 2 and
the applicable private placement memorandum.
Mr. Koudsi owns a portion of Counterpoint Mutual Funds, LLC which is the adviser to the
various Counterpoint fixed income and equity funds. Mr. Koudsi earns a portion of the funds’
management fee. Core Financial’s advisers recommend investments in the funds which
represents a conflict of interest. To mitigate the conflict, Core Financial will reduce the asset
management fee for any clients who invest in Counterpoint-branded funds by the amount of
any fees received from the Counterpoint-branded funds (fee offset.)
D. We must disclose if client’s advisory fees are due in advance.
We charge our fees monthly in advance. In the event that you wish to terminate our services,
we will refund the unearned portion of our advisory fee to you. For financial planning and
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consulting clients, we will calculate our earned fee on the basis of $450 per hour and refund
any portion of the flat fee in excess of fees earned. You need to contact us in writing and
state that you wish to terminate our services. Upon receipt of your letter of termination, we
will proceed to close out your account and process a pro-rata refund of unearned advisory
fees.
E. Commissionable Securities Sales.
We do not sell securities for a commission. In order to sell securities for a commission, we
would need to have our associated persons registered with a broker-dealer. We have chosen
not to do so.
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
We do not charge performance fees to our clients.
Item 7. Types of Clients & Account Requirements
We currently have the following types of clients:
Individuals and high-net-worth individuals;
•
• Pension and profit-sharing plans;
• Corporations, limited liability companies and/or other business types; and
•
Insurance companies.
Our requirements for opening and maintaining accounts or otherwise engaging us:
• We generally require a minimum account balance of $500,000 for our asset management.
Generally, this minimum account balance requirement is not negotiable and would be
required throughout the course of the client’s relationship with our firm. We will negotiate
the minimum account balance at our discretion, such as, when a client anticipates being
able to meet the minimum account balance through additional contributions to the account
within a relatively short period of time.
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
A. Description of the methods of analysis and investment strategies we use in formulating
investment advice or managing assets.
Methods of Analysis:
• Fundamental Analysis. We attempt to measure the intrinsic value of a security by
looking at economic and financial factors (including the overall economy, industry
conditions, and the financial condition and management of the company itself) to
determine if the company is underpriced (indicating it may be a good time to buy) or
overpriced (indicating it may be time to sell). Fundamental analysis does not attempt
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to anticipate market movements. This presents a potential risk, as the price of a
security can move up or down along with the overall market regardless of the
economic and financial factors considered in evaluating the stock.
• Technical Analysis. We analyze past market movements and apply that analysis to
the present in an attempt to recognize recurring patterns of investor behavior and
potentially predict future price movement. Technical analysis does not consider the
underlying financial condition of a company. This presents a risk in that a poorly-
managed or financially unsound company could underperform regardless of market
movement.
Investment Strategies We May Use:
Long-Term Purchases. When utilizing this strategy, we purchase securities with the idea
of holding them for a relatively long time (typically held for at least a year).
Risk of Long-Term purchases. A risk in a long-term purchase strategy is that, by holding
the security for this length of time, we do not take advantage of short-term gains that could
be profitable to a client. Moreover, if our predictions are incorrect, a security can decline
sharply in value before we make the decision to sell.
Short-term Purchases. When utilizing this strategy, we also purchase securities with the
idea of selling them within a relatively short time (typically a year or less). We do this
in an attempt to take advantage of conditions that we believe will soon result in a price
swing in the securities we purchase.
Risk of Short-Term Strategies. A risk in a short-term purchase strategy is that, should the
anticipated price swing not materialize, we are left with the option of having a long-term
investment in a security that was designed to be a short-term purchase, or potentially taking
a loss. In addition, this strategy involves more frequent trading than does a longer-term
strategy, and will result in less favorable tax treatment of short-term capital gains.
Trading. We purchase securities with the idea of selling them very quickly (typically
within 30 days or less). We do this in an attempt to take advantage of our predictions of
brief price swings.
Short term trading risks. Active and frequent trading of securities and financial
instruments in a portfolio can result in short-term capital gains tax treatment. As a result of
portfolio turnover, the performance of a portfolio can be adversely impacted.
Short Sales. We borrow shares of a stock for your portfolio from someone who owns the
stock on a promise to replace the shares on a future date at a certain price. Those borrowed
shares are then sold. On the agreed-upon future date, we buy the same stock and return the
shares to the original owner. We engage in short selling based on our determination that
the stock will go down in price after we have borrowed the shares. If we are correct and
the stock price has gone down since the shares were purchased from the original owner,
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the client account realizes the profit.
Short Sales Risk: Short sales are speculative transactions and involve special risks. In order
to initiate a short position, a security must be borrowed. Strategies that execute short sales
can incur a loss if the price of the security sold short increases in value between the date of
the short sale and the date when we purchase the security to replace the borrowed security.
Losses are potentially unlimited in a short sale transaction.
Margin Transactions. Only upon the request of a client, we will purchase stocks for your
portfolio with money borrowed from your brokerage account. This allows you to purchase
more stock than you would be able to with your available cash and allows us to
purchase stock without selling other holdings.
Risks of Trading Securities on Margin. The risks of trading on margin include the
following:
o You can lose more funds than you deposit in the margin account. A decline in the value
of securities that are purchased on margin can require you to provide additional funds
to the broker that has made the loan to avoid the forced sale of those securities or other
securities in your account(s).
o The broker can force the sale of securities in your account(s). The broker can also force
the purchase of securities in the case of short positions. If the equity in your account
falls below the maintenance margin requirements under the law, or the broker's higher
"house" requirements, the broker can exit positions in any of your accounts held at the
firm to cover the margin deficiency. You also will be responsible for any short fall in
the account after such actions.
o The broker can sell your securities, or buy back short positions, without contacting you.
Some investors mistakenly believe that a firm must contact them for a margin call to
be valid, and that the broker cannot liquidate securities in their accounts to meet the
call unless the firm has contacted them first. This is not the case. Most brokers will
attempt to notify their customers of margin calls, but they are not required to do so.
However, even if a broker has contacted a customer and provided a specific date by
which the customer can meet a margin call, the broker can still take necessary steps to
protect its financial interests, including immediately exiting positions without notice to
the customer.
o You are not entitled to choose which positions in your account(s) are liquidated to meet
a margin call. Because the securities are collateral for the margin loan, the broker has
the right to decide which security to sell in order to protect its interests.
o The broker can increase its "house" maintenance margin requirements at any time and
is not required to provide you advance written notice. These changes in broker policy
often take effect immediately and can result in the issuance of a maintenance margin
call. A failure to satisfy the call can cause the liquidation of positions in your account(s).
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Please Note:
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear.
While the stock market can increase and your account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also
possible that the stock market decreases and your account(s) suffers a loss. The value of your
investment in a private placement could be worth more or less than the initial commitment
value. Private placements pose liquidity risk and redemptions are only permitted at specific
intervals. In many private placements, there is a lock-up period, where you are unable to
redeem your interests. During this period, you remain subject to all risks associated with
the private placement. It is important that you understand the risks associated with investing,
are appropriately diversified in your investments, and ask us any questions you may have.
Depending on the types of securities you invest in, you may face the following risks:
Market Risk: The price of a security, bond, or mutual fund can drop in reaction to tangible
and intangible events and conditions. This type of risk is caused by external factors
independent of a security’s particular underlying circumstances. For example, political,
economic and social conditions can trigger market events.
Inflation Risk: When any type of inflation is present, a dollar today will not buy as much as
a dollar next year, because purchasing power is eroding at the rate of inflation.
Interest-rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates cause investment prices to fluctuate. For
example, when interest rates rise, yields on existing bonds become less attractive, causing
their market values to decline.
Financial Risk: Excessive borrowing to finance a business’ operations increases the risk of
profitability because the company must meet the terms of its obligations in good times and
bad. During periods of financial stress, the inability to meet loan obligations could result in
bankruptcy and/or a declining market value.
Mutual Funds (open end and closed end) Risks: Investing in mutual funds carries the risk
of capital loss and thus you could lose money investing in mutual funds. All mutual funds
have costs that lower investment returns. They can be of bond “fixed income” nature
(generally, lower risk) or stock “equity” nature.
Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) Risks: An ETF is an investment fund traded on stock
exchanges, similar to stocks. Investing in ETFs carries the risk of capital loss (sometimes up
to a 100% loss in the case of a company declaring bankruptcy). Areas of concern include
the lack of transparency in products and increasing complexity, conflicts of interest and the
possibility of inadequate regulatory compliance.
Liquidity Risk: When consistent with a client’s investment objectives, guidelines,
restrictions and risk tolerances, we can invest portions of client portfolios in illiquid
securities, subject to applicable investment standards. Investing in an illiquid (difficult to
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trade) security restricts our ability to dispose of investments in a timely fashion or at an
advantageous price, which can limit the ability to take full advantage of market
opportunities. Limited partnerships are relatively illiquid and can require long waiting
periods for investment return. Some are subject to significantly less regulation than public
investments.
Fixed Income Risks: Portfolios that investment in fixed income securities are subject to
several general risks, including interest rate risk, credit risk, and market risk, which could
reduce the yield that an investor receives from his or her portfolio. These risks could occur
from fluctuations in interest rates, a change to an issuer’s individual situation or industry, or
events in financial markets.
Equity Risks: The prices of equity investments fluctuate on a daily basis and at any given
time. An investor has no assurance that they will be able to recoup their investment. Equity
securities are subject to market risk, that is, as perceptions of a company's business prospects
change, the actions of both buyers and sellers are affected. A dividend-paying stock could
decrease or even cease to pay a dividend based on overall profitability. In the event of
bankruptcy, common stockholders have a residual claim on company assets upon dissolution
and therefore are the final class of investor to receive payment on their initial investment.
Small/Mid-Cap Risk: Stocks of small or small emerging companies could have less liquidity
than those of larger, established companies and could be subject to greater price volatility
and risk than the overall stock market.
Diversification Risk: Investments that are concentrated in one or few industries or sectors
could involve more risk than more diversified investments, including the potential for
greater volatility.
Real Estate funds (including REITs) face several kinds of risk that are inherent in the real
estate sector, which historically has experienced significant fluctuations and cycles in
performance. Revenues and cash flows could be adversely affected by: changes in local real
estate market conditions due to changes in national or local economic conditions or changes
in local property market characteristics; competition from other properties offering the same
or similar services; changes in interest rates and in the state of the debt and equity credit
markets; the ongoing need for capital improvements; changes in real estate tax rates and
other operating expenses; adverse changes in governmental rules and fiscal policies; adverse
changes in zoning laws; the impact of present or future environmental legislation and
compliance with environmental laws.
Artificial Intelligence: The emergence of recent technology developments in artificial
intelligence and machine learning such as OpenAI and ChatGPT (collectively, “Machine
Learning Technology”) can pose risks to Core Financial and their investments. While Core
Financial prohibits the use of Machine Learning Technology in substantial business
activities, the Firm is nonetheless exposed to the risks of Machine Learning Technology
from any uses of Machine Learning Technology that may be undertaken by Core
Financial personnel in contravention of the Firm’s restriction, or by third-party service
providers, portfolio investments, or any counterparties, whether or not known to Core
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Financial. Use of Machine Learning Technology involves the risk of inaccuracies or errors
in the data utilized by Machine Learning Technology, may directly or indirectly create
security or data risks, and may increase trademark, licensing and copyright risks. Machine
Learning Technology continues to develop rapidly, and it is impossible to predict the future
risks that may arise from such developments.
Cyber Security Breaches and Identity Theft: Core Financial’s information and technology
systems could be vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses, network
failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and
security breaches, usage errors by its professionals, power outages and catastrophic events
such as fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes. Although Core Financial has
implemented various measures to manage risks relating to these types of events, these
systems could be accidentally or willfully compromised, become inoperable for extended
periods of time or cease to function properly requiring a significant investment of time and
expense to fix. The failure of these systems and/or of disaster recovery plans for any reason
could cause significant interruptions in Core Financial’s operations and result in a failure to
maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal
information relating to investors (and the beneficial owners of investors). Such a failure
could harm the reputation of Core Financial and their respective affiliates to legal claims,
and otherwise adversely affect their business and financial performance.
The techniques used to breach the security of Core Financial’s computer systems and
network in order to obtain unauthorized, improper or illegal access to its confidential data
or disable or degrade its services are constantly evolving, may be difficult to detect quickly,
and often are not recognized until after they have been successful. Any security breach,
whether actual or perceived, would harm the reputation of Core Financial, which could cause
them to lose investors and business partners, and of which could adversely affect their
business.
In addition, cybersecurity has become a high priority for regulators around the world. Many
jurisdictions in which the Firm operates have laws and regulations relating to data privacy,
cybersecurity and protection of personal information, including the General Data Protection
Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union (“EU”) that went into effect in May 2018 and
the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), as amended by The California Privacy Rights
Act of 2020 (CPRA), adopted on November 3, 2020 and effective on January 1, 2023. These
jurisdictions could require companies to notify individuals of data security breaches
involving certain types of personal data. Mandatory disclosures are costly to implement and
often lead to widespread negative publicity, which could cause counterparties and investors
to lose confidence in the effectiveness of Core Financial’s data security measures. New and
existing laws and regulations could impose other privacy related obligations on companies
and regulators’ interpretations and approaches to enforcement of these laws and regulations
continue to evolve over time. If Core Financial fails to comply with applicable laws and
regulations, it could result in legal or regulatory proceedings against the Firm by
governmental authorities, counterparties or others, which could also lead to negative
publicity and loss in confidence.
Force Majeure Risks: Core Financial and its affiliates could be subject to the risk of loss
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arising from exposure to the impact of various catastrophic events, including, without
limitation, earthquakes and other natural disasters, terrorism, and pandemics. These risks of
loss can be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on Core Financial either
directly or indirectly through disruptions to the business and operations of the firm’s service
providers and other counterparties.
Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery: As described above, Core Financial’s business
operations could become vulnerable to disruption in the case of catastrophic events such as
fires, natural disaster (e.g., tornadoes, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes), epidemics and
pandemics, terrorist attacks or other circumstances resulting in property damage, network
interruption and / or prolonged power outages. Although Core Financial has implemented
various measures to manage risks relating to these types of events, there can be no assurances
that all contingencies are planned for. If such business operations are disrupted or suspended
for extended periods of time, the client accounts may be adversely affected.
Core Financial developed and tested a business continuity and disaster recovery plan
(“BCP”) plan to provide protocols in an emergency, such as COVID-19. These procedures
are designed to limit disruption in services and maintain efficient and effective
operations. Core Financial has performed real-time firm‐wide BCP testing which has
proven the Firm has a well-defined plan and its controls and policies are effective.
Private Placements Risks: Private placements carry a substantial risk as they are subject to
less regulation than publicly offered securities. The market to resell these assets under
applicable securities laws can be illiquid because of restrictions on resale or the nonexistence
of a resale market. Consequently, liquidation could be taken at a substantial discount to the
underlying value or result in the entire loss of the value of such assets.
Specific Risks of investing in Real Estate Funds
Concentration of Investments: Real Estate Fund investments may be concentrated in loans
to its affiliates. Real Estate Fund can typically hold a small number of investment positions,
each representing a relatively large portion of the total fund’s capital. Any losses with respect
to such Real Estate Fund’s individual investments will materially and negatively impact the
respective fund.
Limited Liquidity of Some Investments: Real Estate Funds holdings are typically illiquid.
Such funds will not be able to promptly liquidate those investments if the need should arise,
and its ability to realize gains, or to avoid losses in periods of rapid market activity, could
therefore be affected. In addition, the value assigned to such securities for purposes of
valuing interests and determining net profits and net losses could differ from the value the
Real Estate Funds are ultimately able to realize.
Insolvency Considerations with Respect to Issuers of Indebtedness: Various laws enacted
for the protection of creditors could apply to indebtedness in which Real Estate Funds invest.
If a court in a lawsuit brought by an unpaid creditor or representative of creditors of the
respective Real Estate Fund were to find that such fund did not receive fair consideration or
reasonably equivalent value for incurring the indebtedness and that, after giving effect to
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such indebtedness, the Real Estate Fund (a) was insolvent, (b) was engaged in a business for
which the remaining assets of such issuer constituted unreasonably small capital or
(c) intended to incur, or believed that it would incur, debts beyond its ability to pay such
debts as they mature, such court could determine to invalidate, in whole or in part, such
indebtedness as a fraudulent conveyance, to subordinate such indebtedness to existing or
future creditors of the Real Estate Fund, or to recover amounts previously paid by the
respective Real Estate Fund in satisfaction of such indebtedness. The measure of insolvency
for purposes of the foregoing will vary.
Generally, the Real Estate Funds would be considered insolvent at a particular time if the
sum of its debts was then greater than all of its property at a fair valuation, or if the present
fair saleable value of its assets was then less than the amount that would be required to pay
its probable liabilities on its existing debts as they became absolute and matured. There can
be no assurance as to what standard a court would apply in order to determine whether the
Real Estate Fund was “insolvent” after giving effect to the incurrence of the indebtedness in
which the fund invested or that, regardless of the method of valuation, a court would not
determine that the fund was “insolvent” upon giving effect to such incurrence. In addition,
in the event of the insolvency of the Real Estate Fund of indebtedness in which the fund
invests, payments made on such indebtedness could be subject to avoidance as a
“preference” if made within a certain period of time (which may be as long as one year)
before insolvency. In general, if payments on indebtedness are avoidable, whether as
fraudulent conveyances or preferences, such payments can be recaptured from the Real
Estate Fund to which such payments were made.
Item 9. Disciplinary Information
The SEC and/or state regulators have not provided us with an exclusive list of material disciplinary
events, which need to be disclosed. If our advisory firm or a management person has been involved
in a legal or disciplinary event that is not specifically required to be disclosed, but nonetheless is
material to a client's or prospective client's evaluation of our advisory business or the integrity of
our management, we must disclose the event. Similarly, even if more than ten years has passed
since the date of the event, we must disclose the event if it is so serious that it remains currently
material to a client’s or prospective client’s evaluation of our firm or management.
We have determined that our firm and management have nothing to disclose under the
aforementioned standard.
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
A. Description of any relationship or arrangement that is material to our advisory business or to
our clients that we or any of our management persons have with any related person listed
below. We are required to identify the related person and if the relationship or arrangement
creates a material conflict of interest with clients, describe the nature of the conflict and how
we address it.
From time to time, Core Financial may recommend and/or administer a third-party, separately
15
managed 401k plan and receive compensation for that activity.
Certain supervised persons, who are licensed insurance agents, could be compensated via
commissions from the sale of an insurance product directly or Core Financial may be
compensated.
As a licensed insurance agent, Mr. Koudsi recommends to advisory clients a variety of
insurance products, and can offer commissionable insurance products to Core Financial’s
clients.
A conflict of interest exists due to the licensed insurance agent being compensated via full or
partial commissions from the sale of an insurance product either directly or through another
firm. The insurance commissions are separate from and in addition to any fees that Core
Financial receives for advisory services. Clients are under no obligation to act on any insurance
recommendations or place any transactions through the recommended insurance professionals
if they decide to follow their recommendations. Mr. Koudsi spends minimal time on this
activity.
As previously noted, Mr. Koudsi is co-owner and controlling member of KoBre Holdings,
LLC which is the general partner of Trojan Storage Open-End Acquisition Fund, LLC and
other Trojan Storage Funds. Mr. Koudsi spends approximately 50% of his time collectively
on the aforementioned activities. Certain of Core Financial employees will provide services to
KoBre Holdings, LLC. Such Core Financial personnel will devote as much of their time to the
aforementioned activities as they deem necessary and appropriate. These activities could be
viewed as creating a conflict of interest in that the time and effort of certain Core Financial
personnel will not be devoted exclusively to the business of Core Financial.
It is important to note that advisory clients are solicited to invest in various Trojan Storage
Funds. This is a conflict of interest. Any such transactions are considered principal
transactions, and Core Financial must comply with the requirements of Section 206(3) of the
Advisers Act. These requirements include (1) providing sufficient disclosure of the conflicts
of interest and the terms of the transaction, and (2) obtaining the prior written consent of the
client.
It is also important to note that advisory clients have been solicited to invest in Jett Ventures
Fund 1, LLC which is a conflict of interest. Jett Ventures, LLC is the manager of Jett Ventures
Fund 1, LLC, a venture capital firm that targets investment in early-stage companies in the
software/technology-enabled services, real property development/operations, and other
capital-intensive industries where a market opportunity for significant recurring revenue exists.
Mr. Koudsi is a controlling member of Jett Ventures.
Clients are charged a performance fee when invested in a private fund, including Jett Ventures
Funds and Trojan Storage Funds, for which an affiliated person is the managing
member/general partner of the fund. This situation can cause a conflict of interest in that the
private fund would most likely have higher compensation from a performance-based fee
account than an account without a performance-based fee advised by Core Financial. Core
Financial has an incentive to recommend private funds where an affiliated person is the
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managing member/general partner of such fund, since such affiliated person stands to receive
greater compensation from the fund. However, Core Financial clients are in no way obligated
to or required to make such investment in private funds. Core Financial ensures that all
recommended investments, including those made to an affiliated private fund, are in the best
interest of each client.
Mr. Koudsi is a part-owner of Counterpoint Mutual Funds, LLC, the investment adviser to the
Counterpoint Tactical Income Fund, Counterpoint Tactical Municipal Fund, Counterpoint
Long-Short Equity Fund, the Counterpoint Tactical Equity Fund, and any future Counterpoint-
branded Fund. Mr. Koudsi receives compensation from Counterpoint which represents a
conflict of interest that is mitigated by a fee offset. See Item 5.C – Fees and Compensation for
details of the fee offset.
B. If we recommend or select other investment advisers for our clients and we receive
compensation directly or indirectly from those advisers, or we have other business
relationships with those advisers, we are required to describe these practices and discuss the
conflicts of interest these practices create and how we address them.
Counterpoint – Role of Counterpoint Mutual Funds
Counterpoint Mutual Funds is a provider of liquid alternative mutual funds. The funds managed
by Counterpoint employ algorithmic trend-following decision tools to determine when to buy
and sell mutual funds and ETFs of high yielding bonds, low duration treasuries, cash
equivalents, and US and International stocks.
Core Financial’s affiliation with Counterpoint reflects our firm’s fundamental belief that liquid
alternative investments, which have been used by large institutions and endowments for quite
some time, should be made accessible to individual retail investors.
Role of Private Placements (including Trojan Storage Funds)
When appropriate, Core Financial recommends private placements, including Private Equity,
Private Real Estate, Private Debt, and other private funds (which the principal(s) of our firm
could elect to co-sponsor) to our clients in order to help them achieve potentially greater current
income and capital appreciation, while attempting to reduce volatility and achieve above-
average uncorrelated returns relative to all other asset categories. Our due diligence process
emphasizes rigorous analysis which focuses on manager track record, risk/adjusted returns, style
purity, fees, investor minimums, and liquidity features.
When public investment vehicles do not meet our desired criteria, Core Financial directs a
reasonable segment of our clients’ portfolios to be allocated to a private strategy, which the
principal(s) of our firm could co-sponsor, if appropriate based on the client’s investment
objectives and risk tolerance. In this instance, the principal(s) of our firm clearly discloses any
potential conflicts of interest to clients and/or prospective investors prior to moving forward
with such private strategies. As previously noted, Core Financial client’s investments in Trojan
Storage Funds and Jett Ventures Funds will be included when calculating the assets under
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management fee.
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions & Personal Trading
A. Brief description of our Code of Ethics adopted pursuant to SEC rule 204A-1 and offer to
provide a copy of our Code of Ethics to any client or prospective client upon request.
Pursuant to Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act, Core Financial adopted a Code of Ethics
(referred to in this Brochure as the “Code”) to ensure that Core Financial fulfills its role as a
fiduciary to the clients. The interests of the clients must always be recognized, respected, and
have precedence over Core Financial employees. The Code requires that Core Financial
employees and certain associated persons act in the best interests of the clients to the exclusion
of contrary interests, act in good faith and in an ethical manner, avoid conflicts of interest with
the clients to the extent reasonably possible, and identify and manage conflicts of interest to
the extent they arise. Core Financial employees are also required to comply with applicable
provisions of federal securities laws and make prompt reports of any actual or suspected
violations of such laws by Core Financial or its employees. In addition, the Code sets forth
formal policies and procedures with respect to the personal securities trading activities of Core
Financial’s personnel. The Code requires that personnel pre-clear certain transactions, report
personal securities transactions in accordance with the Code on at least a quarterly basis and
submit reports to Core Financial regarding personal accounts and reportable securities holdings
at least annually. The Code also (i) addresses outside activities of employees, conflicts of
interest, and policies and procedures concerning the prevention of insider trading, (ii) includes
restrictions on the acceptance of significant gifts and the reporting of certain gifts and business
entertainment items, and (iii) addresses the pre-clearance and reporting of political
contributions. Employees are required to provide a written certification to Core Financial
agreeing to comply with the Code. Copies of this Code can be requested by contacting Core
Financial’s Chief Compliance Officer at (310) 450-6004.
Core Financial has adopted policies and procedures which allow their employees to purchase
securities that are recommended to, or held by, client accounts as part of the Wrap Program
after all such client transactions have been executed. In addition, certain Core Financial
employees have accounts managed by the Firm as part of the Wrap Program and/or investment
advisers unaffiliated with Core Financial. No such employee has control over the securities
purchased and sold for any such account and employee personal accounts managed as part of
the Wrap Program are considered client accounts for purposes of personal trading. The Firm’s
employees could personally own the same securities that Core Financial purchases and sells
for clients and could use knowledge about actual or proposed securities transactions and
recommendations for a client account to profit personally by the market effect of such
transactions and recommendations. However, as discussed above, Core Financial has adopted
policies and procedures to address these potential conflicts.
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Item 12. Brokerage Practices
A. Description of the factors that we consider in selecting or recommending broker-dealers for
client transactions and determining the reasonableness of their compensation (e.g.,
commissions).
1. Research and other soft dollar benefits.
If we receive research or other products or services other than execution from a broker-dealer
or a third party in connection with client securities transactions (“soft dollar benefits”), we are
required to disclose our practices and discuss the conflicts of interest they create. Please note
that we must disclose all soft dollar benefits we receive, including, in the case of research,
both proprietary research (created or developed by the broker-dealer) and research created or
developed by a third party.
Our firm recommends that clients establish brokerage accounts with Schwab Institutional
division of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”) , Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
(“Fidelity”), or Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”) registered broker-dealers, Members SIPC.
Schwab/Fidelity/RBC services include, among others, brokerage, custodial, administrative
support, record keeping and related services that are intended to support our firm in conducting
business and in serving the best interests of our clients but that may benefit our firm. Our firm
is independently owned and operated and not affiliated with Schwab/Fidelity/RBC. Our firm
can also recommend that clients establish accounts with firms other than Schwab/Fidelity/RBC.
a. Explanation of when we use client brokerage commissions (or markups or markdowns)
to obtain research or other products or services, and how we receive a benefit because
our firm does not have to produce or pay for the research, products, or services.
As part of the arrangement described in Item 12A1, Schwab/Fidelity/RBC also make
certain research and brokerage services available at no additional cost to our firm.
These services include certain research and brokerage services, including research
services obtained by Schwab/Fidelity/RBC directly from independent research companies,
as selected by our firm (within specific parameters). Research products and services
provided by Schwab/Fidelity/RBC to our firm include research reports on recommendations
or other information about, particular companies or industries; economic surveys, data and
analyses; financial publications; portfolio evaluation services; financial database software
and services; computerized news and pricing services; quotation equipment for use in
running software used in investment decision- making; and other products or services that
provide lawful and appropriate assistance by Schwab/Fidelity/RBC to our firm in the
performance of our investment decision-making responsibilities. The aforementioned
research and brokerage services are used by our firm to manage accounts for which we
have investment discretion. Although our Firm pays for other third-party research at our
own expense, without these arrangements, our firm might be compelled to purchase
additional services at our own expense.
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b. Incentive to select or recommend a broker-dealer based on our interest in receiving the
research or other products or services, rather than on our clients’ interest in receiving
best execution.
As a result of receiving the services discussed in 12A(1)(a) of this Firm Brochure for no
additional cost, we have an incentive to continue to use or expand the use of
Schwab/Fidelity/RBC’s services. Our firm examined this potential conflict of interest when
we chose to enter into the relationship with Schwab/Fidelity/RBC and we have determined
that the relationship is in the best interest of our firm’s clients and satisfies our client
obligations, including our duty to seek best execution.
Schwab/Fidelity/RBC charges brokerage commissions and transaction fees for effecting
certain securities transactions (i.e., transaction fees are charged for certain no-load
mutual funds, commissions are charged for individual equity and debt securities
transactions); however, as our clients are charged a bundled fee for investment advisory
services and the executions of transactions, clients will not incur fees for transactions
initiated by Core Financial.
c. Causing clients to pay commissions (or markups or markdowns) higher than those
charged by other broker-dealers in return for soft dollar benefits (known as paying- up).
We do not receive soft dollar benefits as a result of higher commission charges to the client.
We receive the services discussed in 12A(1)(a) of this Firm Brochure for no additional cost.
By participating in a wrap fee program, you could end up paying more or less than you
would through a non-wrap fee program where a lower advisory fee is charged, but trade
execution costs would be passed directly through to you by the executing broker under a
non-wrap program.
d. Disclosure of whether we use soft dollar benefits to service all of our clients’ accounts or
only those that paid for the benefits, as well as whether we seek to allocate soft
dollar benefits to client accounts proportionately to the soft dollar credits the accounts
generate.
The investment research products and services obtained by our firm will generally be used
to service all of our clients, and clients will not incur separate fees for transactions initiated
by Core Financial.
2. Brokerage for Client Referrals.
If we use client brokerage to compensate or otherwise reward brokers for client referrals, we
must disclose this practice, the conflicts of interest it creates, and any procedures we used to
direct client brokerage to referring brokers during the last fiscal year (i.e., the system of
controls used by us when allocating brokerage)
We do not receive client referrals from any broker-dealer or third party selected that we
recommend.
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a. Directed Brokerage.
If we routinely recommend, request or require that a client directs us to execute
transactions through a specified broker-dealer, we are required to describe our
practice or policy. Further, we must explain that not all advisers require their
clients to direct brokerage. If our firm and the broker-dealer are affiliates or have
another economic relationship that creates a material conflict of interest, we are
further required to describe the relationship and discuss the conflicts of interest it
presents by explaining that through the direction of brokerage we could be unable to
achieve best execution of client transactions, and that this practice could cost our clients
more money.
We require clients to select Schwab, Fidelity, or RBC as their broker-dealer/custodian.
Not all investment advisers require their clients to trade through specific brokerage
firms. By requiring clients to use Schwab, Fidelity, or RBC, we believe we will be
able to more effectively manage the client’s portfolio, achieve favorable execution of
client transactions, and overall lower the costs to the portfolio. See Items 12A(1)(a)
and Item 14A of this Brochure for more details on how we deal with potential conflicts
of interest resulting from our relationships with these three broker-dealers.
Special Considerations for ERISA Clients
A retirement or ERISA plan client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for
its account through a specific broker or dealer in order to obtain goods or services
on behalf of the plan. Such direction is permitted provided that the goods and services
provided are reasonable expenses of the plan incurred in the ordinary course of its
business for which it otherwise would be obligated and empowered to pay. ERISA
prohibits directed brokerage arrangements when the goods or services purchased
are not for the exclusive benefit of the plan. Consequently, we will request that plan
sponsors who direct plan brokerage provide us with a letter documenting that this
arrangement will be for the exclusive benefit of the plan.
b. If we permit a client to direct brokerage, we are required to describe our practice. If
applicable, we must also explain that we may be unable to achieve best execution of
your transactions. Directed brokerage may cost clients more money. For example, in
a directed brokerage account, you may pay higher brokerage commissions because
we may not be able to aggregate orders to reduce transaction costs, or you may
receive less favorable prices on transactions.
We will not allow clients to direct us to use a specific broker-dealer to execute
transactions. Clients must use the broker-dealer/custodian that they selected to custody
their account(s) to execute transactions. Not all investment advisers require their
clients to trade through specific brokerage firms. By requiring clients to use Schwab,
Fidelity, or RBC, we believe we will be able to more effectively manage the client’s
portfolio, achieve favorable execution of client transactions, and overall lower the
costs to the portfolio.
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B. Discussion of whether, and under what conditions, we aggregate the purchase or sale of
securities for various client accounts in quantities sufficient to obtain reduced transaction
costs (known as bunching). If we do not bunch orders when we have the opportunity to do
so, we are required to explain our practice and describe the costs to clients of not bunching.
We perform investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which
portfolio transactions will be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell
the same security for numerous accounts served by our firm, which involve accounts with
similar investment objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be
either advantageous or disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they are
affected only when we believe that to do so will be in the best interest of the effected accounts.
When such concurrent authorizations occur, the objective is to allocate the executions in a
manner which is deemed equitable to the accounts involved. In any given situation, we attempt
to allocate trade executions in the most equitable manner possible, taking into consideration
client objectives, current asset allocation and availability of funds using price averaging,
proration and consistently non-arbitrary methods of allocation.
Item 13. Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
A. Review of client accounts or financial plans, along with a description of the frequency and
nature of our review, and the titles of our employees who conduct the review.
The financial advisors periodically meet with financial planning clients that engage us for
ongoing services to discuss updates to their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc.
The financial advisors or portfolio managers review asset management accounts on at least
a quarterly basis. The nature of these reviews is to learn whether clients’ accounts are in
line with their investment objectives, appropriately positioned based on market conditions,
and investment policies, if applicable.
B. Review of client accounts on other than a periodic basis, along with a description of the
factors that trigger a review.
At times, we will review client accounts more frequently than described above. Among the
factors which would trigger an off-cycle review are major market or economic events, the
client’s life events, requests by the client, etc.
C. Description of the content and indication of the frequency of written or verbal regular reports
we provide to clients regarding their accounts.
As also mentioned in Item 13A of this Brochure, ongoing review of financial planning and
consulting clients do not occur unless they are engaged for ongoing services with us. Ongoing
services will automatically renew annually.
We do provide statements to asset management clients on a quarterly basis. Verbal reports
to clients take place on at least an annual basis when we meet with our asset management
clients.
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Item 14. Client Referrals & Other Compensation
A. If someone who is not a client provides an economic benefit to our firm for providing
investment advice or other advisory services to our clients, we must generally describe the
arrangement. For purposes of this Item, economic benefits include any sales awards or other
prizes.
Schwab/Fidelity/RBC:
Our firm places trades for its clients' accounts subject to its duty to seek best execution and its
other fiduciary duties. Our firm can use broker-dealers other than Schwab/Fidelity/RBC to
execute trades for client accounts maintained at Schwab/Fidelity/RBC, but this practice
could result in additional costs so we are more likely to place trades through Schwab/Fidelity/
RBC rather than other broker-dealers. Schwab/Fidelity/RBC’s execution quality could be
different than other broker-dealers. For our client accounts maintained in its custody,
Schwab/Fidelity/RBC generally does not charge separately for custody services but is
compensated by account holders through commissions or other transaction-related or asset-
based fees for securities trades that are executed through Schwab/Fidelity/RBC or that settle
into Schwab/Fidelity/RBC accounts.
Some of the products, services and other benefits provided by Schwab/Fidelity/RBC benefit us
and may not benefit our firm's client accounts. These benefits include national, regional, or
specific to our firm, educational events organized and/or sponsored by Schwab/Fidelity/RBC.
Other potential benefits include occasional business entertainment of personnel of our firm
by Schwab/Fidelity/RBC personnel, including meals, invitations to sporting events, including
golf tournaments, and other forms of entertainment, some of which could accompany
educational opportunities. Other of these products and services assist us in managing and
administering clients’ accounts. These include software and other technology (and related
technological training) that provide access to client account data (such as trade confirmations
and account statements), facilitate trade execution (and allocation of aggregated trade orders
for multiple client accounts), provide research, pricing information and other market data,
facilitate payment of our fees from its clients’ accounts, and assist with back-office
training and support functions, recordkeeping and client reporting. Many of these services
generally can be used to service all or some substantial number of our firm’s accounts,
including accounts not maintained at Schwab/Fidelity/RBC. Schwab/Fidelity/RBC also makes
available to us other services intended to help our firm manage and further develop its
business enterprise. These services can include professional compliance, legal and business
consulting, publications and conferences on practice management, information technology,
business succession, regulatory compliance, employee benefits providers, human capital
consultants, insurance and marketing. In addition, Schwab/Fidelity/RBC can make available,
arrange and/or pay vendors for these types of services rendered to our firm by independent
third parties. Schwab/Fidelity/RBC can discount or waive fees it would otherwise charge for
some of these services or pay all or a part of the fees of a third-party providing these services
to us.
While, as a fiduciary, our firm endeavors to act in its clients’ best interests, our
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that clients maintain
their assets
in accounts at
recommendation/requirement
Schwab/Fidelity/RBC is based in part on the benefit to our firm of the availability of some of
the foregoing products and services and other arrangements and not solely on the nature, cost
or quality of custody and brokerage services provided by Schwab/Fidelity/RBC, which creates
a potential conflict of interest.
Without the bundled services we receive from Schwab/Fidelity/RBC, we would have to obtain
the aforementioned services and products for cash. As a result of receiving such products and
services for no cost, we have an incentive to continue to place client trades through broker-
dealers that offer these bundled services. This interest conflicts with the clients' interest of
obtaining the lowest commission rate available. Therefore, our firm must determine in good
faith, based on the “best execution” policy stated above that such commissions are reasonable
in relation to the value of the services provided by such executing broker-dealers.
From time-to-time our firm makes an error in submitting a trade order on a client’s
behalf. When this occurs, we place a correcting trade with the broker-dealer which has
custody of the client’s account. If an investment gain results from the correcting trade, the
gain will remain in the client’s account unless the same error involved other client account(s)
that should have received the gain, it is not permissible for the client to retain the gain, or our
firm confers with the client and the client decides to forego the gain (e.g., due to tax reasons).
If the gain does not remain in the client’s account and Schwab is the custodian, Schwab will
donate the amount of any gain $100 and over to charity. If a loss occurs greater than $100,
we will pay for the loss. Schwab will maintain the loss or gain (if such gain is not retained in
the client’s account) if it is under $100 to minimize and offset its administrative time and
expense. If the gain does not remain in the client’s account and Fidelity is the custodian,
Fidelity will retain the gain. If a loss occurs, we will pay for the loss. RBC has a similar
policy. Generally, if related trade errors result in both gains and losses in the client’s
account, they will be netted.
B. If our firm or a related person directly or indirectly compensates any person who is not our
employee for client referrals, we are required to describe the arrangement and the
compensation.
We currently do not pay or receive compensation for client referrals.
Item 15. Custody
A. If we have custody of client funds or securities and a qualified custodian as defined in SEC
rule 206(4)-2 or similar state rules (for example, a broker-dealer or bank) sends account
statements with respect to those funds or securities directly to our clients, we must disclose
that we have custody.
We have limited custody of some of our clients’ funds or securities when the clients authorize
us to deduct our management fees directly from the client’s account.
A qualified custodian (generally a broker-dealer, bank, trust company, or other financial
institution) holds clients’ funds and securities. Clients will receive statements directly from
their qualified custodian at least quarterly. The statements will reflect the client’s funds and
securities held with the qualified custodian as well as any transactions that occurred in the
24
account, including the deduction of our fee.
Clients should carefully review the account statements they receive from the qualified
custodian. When clients receive statements from us as well as from the qualified custodian,
they should compare these two reports carefully. Clients with any questions about their
statements should contact us at the address or phone number on the cover of this Brochure.
Clients who do not receive a statement from their qualified custodian at least quarterly should
also notify us.
Item 16. Investment Discretion
If we accept discretionary authority to manage securities accounts on behalf of clients, we are
required to disclose this fact and describe any limitations our clients may place on our authority.
The following procedures are followed before we assume this authority:
Our clients need to sign a discretionary investment advisory agreement with our firm for the
management of their account. This type of agreement only applies to our a sset m anagement
clients.
Item 17. Voting Client Securities
If we have, or will accept, proxy authority to vote client securities, we must briefly describe our
voting policies and procedures, including those adopted pursuant to SEC Rule 206(4)-6.
We do not and will not accept the proxy authority to vote client securities. Clients will receive
proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. In the event that
proxies are sent to our firm, we will forward them on to you and ask the party who sent them to
mail them directly to you in the future. Clients can call, write or email us to discuss questions
they may have about particular proxy votes or other solicitations.
We do not instruct or give advice to clients on whether or not to participate as a member of class
action lawsuits and will not automatically file claims on the client’s behalf. However, if a client
notifies us that they wish to participate in a class action, we will provide the client with any
transaction information pertaining to the client’s account needed for the client to file a proof of
claim in a class action.
Item 18. Financial Information
A. If we require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months or
more in advance, we must include a balance sheet for our most recent fiscal year.
We do not solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months or more in
advance.
B. If we have discretionary authority or custody of client funds or securities, or we require or
solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client, six months or more in advance,
we must disclose any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet
25
contractual commitments to clients.
We have nothing to disclose in this regard.
C. If we have been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time during the past ten years, we
must disclose this fact, the date the petition was first brought, and the current status.
We have nothing to disclose in this regard.
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