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2330 W. Joppa Road
Suite 108
Lutherville, Maryland 21093
410-832-5500
www.corbyn.com
March 2025
Form ADV, Part 2A Brochure
is
available
the
SEC’s
website
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business
practices of Corbyn Investment Management, Inc. (“Corbyn”). If you have
any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact our
Chief Compliance Officer, Moira Donovan, at 410-832-5500. The
information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any state
securities authority. Additional information about Corbyn Investment
Management
at
on
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
ITEM 2 - MATERIAL CHANGES
Pursuant to SEC Rules, we are required to provide you with a summary of any material changes
to our brochure within 120 days of our fiscal year-end.
There have been no material changes since the last annual update to our brochure, which was
filed with the SEC in March 2024.
At any time, you can request a complete copy of our brochure by contacting Moira Donovan at
410-832-5500. Additional information about Corbyn is also available via the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. The SEC’s website also provides information about any persons
affiliated with us who are registered, or are required to be registered, as investment adviser
representatives of Corbyn Investment Management.
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Table of Contents
ITEM 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 2 – Material Changes ....................................................................................................................
2
Item 3 – Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................
3
Item 4 – Advisory Business ....................................................................................................................
4
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation ..........................................................................................................
5
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ......................................................
7
Item 7 – Types of Clients .......................................................................................................................
8
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ................................................
8
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information ..........................................................................................................
14
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ...............................................................
14
Item 11 – Code of Ethics ........................................................................................................................
14
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices ..............................................................................................................
15
Item 13 – Review of Accounts ..............................................................................................................
19
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation ............................................................................
20
Item 15 – Custody ..................................................................................................................................
20
Item 16 – Investment Discretion ...........................................................................................................
21
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities .........................................................................................................
21
Item 18 – Financial Information ............................................................................................................
22
Privacy Policy
Brochure Supplement
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ITEM 4 – ADVISORY BUSINESS
Firm Business
Since 1973, Corbyn has provided investment management services to clients based on the
individual needs of each client. Our goal is to provide consistent, attractive performance for our
clients throughout an entire market cycle by seeking to limit downward volatility during
unfavorable market environments and steadily growing capital during better times. Regarding
the equities in our portfolios, we seek to identify well-capitalized businesses that generate
substantial free cash flow, run by management teams that can effectively deploy that capital to
create additional shareholder value. We also look for companies benefiting from company-
specific and/or secular growth tailwinds. We apply a rigorous valuation framework, emphasizing
factors such as a company’s cash generation, future growth prospects, the valuation of industry
peers, and prevailing market conditions. With respect to fixed-income securities, we employ a
conservative approach to the higher-yielding segment of the corporate bond market by using
stringent, bottom-up, independent credit analysis and targeted security selection. We favor
bonds with a shorter duration that are capable of producing a combination of attractive income
streams and in some cases, the potential for some capital appreciation.
Principal Owners
Corbyn is a private, independent investment management firm 100% owned by its current
employees.
Advisory Services
At Corbyn, we review your personal investment objectives at the onset of our relationship and
periodically thereafter. We will work with you to determine the best fit among our investment
strategies based on your specific goals, tax status, income needs and risk tolerance. Our
investment strategies are: Equity Only, Strategic Value, Capital Appreciation, Balanced, Income
Oriented, Intermediate Strategic Income, Strategic Income and Strategic Income - Custom
Values. Please see Item 8 for a more detailed explanation of each investment strategy. Clients
give us full discretion over the investment of their assets. However, our investment authority
can be limited by specific instructions from you – for example, to restrict or prohibit transactions
in certain securities or industries.
Corbyn has direct contractual arrangements with clients, but we also maintain sub-advisory
relationships. In a sub-advisory arrangement, Corbyn has entered into a sub-advisory agreement
with another investment adviser. This other investment adviser serves as the primary client
contact and works with you to develop, and keep current, investment guidelines and goals and
determines the portion of your assets to be allocated to the account managed by Corbyn. The
Adviser appoints Corbyn as the sub-adviser separate account manager to provide a continuous
investment program for each designated account. Corbyn has discretionary authority over the
assets of the designated account placed under our management pursuant to the sub-advisory
arrangement and charges its own advisory fee. Please see Item 5 – Billing Method. You will incur
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other fees and expenses charged by your other investment adviser, but we do not share in any
expenses charged to you by them, and we do not compensate other investment advisers for
referring an account to us. Please see Item 5 – Other Fees and Charges. Your adviser will provide
you with a copy of our current ADV (Disclosure Brochure), which describes our services, fees,
investment strategies, privacy policy and other pertinent information, and Form CRS (for retail
clients), which discloses certain information about Corbyn and is designed to promote effective
communication. Also, under the sub-advisory arrangement, we will not send you any type of
reports or correspondence as discussed in Item 13. All arrangements are disclosed to you (in a
sub-adviser separate account manager disclosure letter) provided at the onset of your sub-
advisory relationship.
Corbyn also acts as the investment sub-adviser to Cromwell Greenspring Mid Cap Fund and
investment adviser to Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund (the “Fund” or the “Funds”),
both of which are mutual funds. We provide investment research, advice, supervision, and an
investment program that is consistent with the investment objectives, policies and limitations as
stated in each of the Fund’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information. Please refer
to Item 10 – Financial Industry Affiliations for a more detailed explanation of the relationship
between Corbyn and the Funds.
Assets Under Management
All of our accounts are managed on a discretionary basis (with the occasional exception of a
client that has provided us with a list of securities or industries in which they do not want to
invest). As of December 31, 2024, assets under management for Corbyn separately managed
accounts totaled $528 million. As of December 31, 2024 Cromwell Greenspring’s (f/k/a
Greenspring Fund) net assets totaled 124 million and Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund’s
net assets totaled $324 million. The total assets under management as of December 2024 for all
accounts under Corbyn’s management were 976 million.
ITEM 5 – FEES AND COMPENSATION
Fee Schedule
Our management fees are payable quarterly in arrears based on the market value of securities
and cash (or equivalents) under management on the last day of the quarter. Accrued interest,
accrued dividends and any investment in the Funds are excluded, and will not be used in our
calculations. Accounts initiated or terminated during a calendar quarter will be charged a
prorated fee. You have the right to terminate your agreement without penalty within five
business days after entering into the agreement.
First $1,000,000 or fraction thereof
Next $2,000,000 or fraction thereof
Amounts greater than $3,000,000
Annual Rate
1.0%
0.7%
0.5%
Quarterly Rate
0.250%
0.175%
0.125%
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For charitable accounts, we offer a 20% discount. Also, we offer a family fee structure where
assets under management of related accounts are aggregated for fee calculation purposes. The
family fee structure does not apply to charitable accounts.
If you are referred to us by another investment adviser or part of a sub-advisory arrangement
with an investment adviser, the following fee schedule applies:
Quarterly Rate
Annual Rate
0.70%
0.175%
Neither the family fee structure nor the 20% charitable discount applies to this adviser fee
schedule.
On a limited basis, fees may be negotiated. To the extent that fees are negotiable, they will
differ from client to client based upon a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the
amount of the assets under management. We may charge clients receiving similar services
different fees. We also reserve the right to waive or adjust all or a portion of the management
fee at any time at our discretion.
Billing Method
You are billed quarterly in arrears and can either pay your fee directly or have it withdrawn from
your account. You provide authorization, either in the Investment Management Agreement, in a
letter, or in your sub-adviser disclosure letter, permitting Corbyn’s management fee to be
deducted from your account by your custodian and paid to us. However, the custodian does not
verify the accuracy of Corbyn’s fee calculation. All custodians will send you an account
statement, at least quarterly, indicating all amounts disbursed from your account, including the
amount of management fees paid directly to Corbyn. We urge you to review the account
statements you receive from your custodian with those you receive from us. Please refer to Item
15 – Custody for more information.
Other Fees and Charges
In addition to the investment management fees described above, you will pay fees to your
custodian that could include brokerage commissions, custodial fees, transaction fees, or any
other fees your custodian may impose. Corbyn does not share in any of these fees, expenses or
commissions charged to you by your custodian. Please refer to Item 12 – Brokerage for more
information.
Clients referred by other investment advisers may pay a fee to the referring adviser for services
that they render. Corbyn does not share in any of these fees, expenses or commissions charged
to you by the referring investment adviser. We do not compensate other investment advisers
for referrals.
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If we purchase shares of a mutual fund for your account, please be aware that all fees described
above are separate and distinct from any fees and expenses charged by any mutual fund to its
shareholders. All mutual funds have their own inherent fee structure and you will pay a
proportionate share of these fees, which are reflected in the net asset value of each fund. A
fund’s fees and expenses are described in the fund’s prospectus. Corbyn receives no fees from
any unaffiliated mutual funds. However, see below for an explanation of fees collected by us
from the Funds.
Other Compensation
Corbyn acts as the investment sub-adviser to Cromwell Greenspring Mid Cap Fund (“Cromwell
Greenspring”) and investment adviser to Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund (the “Fund” or
the “Funds”), both of which are registered investment companies.
Cromwell Greenspring is a no-load investment company. Cromwell Investment Advisors, LLC is
the Cromwell Greenspring’s investment adviser. Corbyn is the sub-adviser to Cromwell
Greenspring and is engaged by the adviser for the day-to-day management of the Cromwell
Greenspring Fund. Cromwell Investment Advisors, LLC pays Corbyn a management fee for their
engagement as the sub-adviser, which is a portion of the total management fee as described in
the prospectus. The portion of the management fee paid to Corbyn is based on the average daily
net assets under management and may vary over time.
The Cromwell Greenspring Fund pays the investment adviser a, total management fee payable
monthly in arrears, based on its average daily net assets as follows:
Daily Net Assets
0.75%
Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund is a no-load investment company. As the investment
adviser, Corbyn receives a management fee of 0.60% of its average daily net assets payable in
arrears each month.
When appropriate, we will purchase shares of the Funds for clients. We seek to address this
potential conflict of interest by totally excluding your investment in the Funds when calculating
your Corbyn management fee. You can purchase shares of the Funds directly or through a
broker or agent that is not affiliated with us.
We have an incentive program whereby certain employees who develop and maintain separate
account business for Corbyn are compensated quarterly with cash payments based on the
billable assets of an account. The terms and payments vary and will not affect, in any way, the
amount of fees paid by you to us.
ITEM 6 – PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE BY SIDE MANAGEMENT
Corbyn does not charge performance-based fees or participate in side-by-side management.
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ITEM 7 – TYPES OF CLIENTS
We provide investment advice to individuals, corporate pension and profit-sharing plans,
charitable organizations, foundations, individual retirement plans, trusts, corporations and
investment companies. We prefer that new accounts begin with a minimum balance of
$500,000. Corbyn has the right to waive or modify minimums as deemed appropriate with
respect to each individual account, client and situation.
ITEM 8 – METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISK OF
LOSS
Methods of Analysis
Corbyn employs a research-intensive approach to investing in both fixed income and equities
that requires a high level of independent thinking. Equity research efforts are typically focused
on securities within the value sector of the market with a particular emphasis on: company
management, quality of the company’s balance sheet, past and expected future profitability and
potential for free cash flow generation, the market position of a company in its industry and the
company’s valuation in relation to among other things cash generation, future growth
prospects, industry peers its historical valuation range, and prevailing market conditions.
Furthermore, these securities may be temporarily out of favor or not widely followed or
thoroughly analyzed by the investment community. By carefully researching these companies,
learning the dynamics of their businesses, and understanding the motivations of their
management teams, we attempt to identify attractive investments selling at discounts to the
underlying value of the businesses. As these businesses thrive and their investment merits
become more widely recognized, the resulting increased sponsorship from the investment
community will hopefully produce a positive effect on the valuation of the securities.
Corbyn’s fixed income research process is driven by stringent, bottom-up, independent credit
analysis focusing on security specific factors and catalysts. Our fundamentals driven approach
targets specific securities within a company’s capital structure and focuses on detailed cash flow
and capital structure analysis, sensitized around macroeconomic, industry and company specific
risk factors.
During the research process, we utilize a broad variety of information sources including Wall
Street and third-party research, as well as any relevant public data that may be produced by
various media sources. We also use company information such as annual and quarterly reports,
filings with the SEC, press releases and other investor presentation material. At times, we also
meet with or contact the management of companies directly.
Investment Strategies
At Corbyn, we offer several investment strategies from which to choose:
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Equity Only – The objective of this investment strategy is long-term capital appreciation with
some income generation. Equity Only accounts are invested in a diversified portfolio of equity
securities of companies with a wide range of market capitalizations that have the potential for
capital appreciation and/or attractive income. Equity investments may also include exchange-
traded funds that offer exposure to the broad equity market, specific market sectors or
industries, and/or specific investment theme. The relative weighting of the positions within the
portfolio will vary depending on available investment opportunities and market conditions.
Strategic Value – The objective of this investment strategy is long-term capital appreciation with
modest income generation. To achieve this goal, equity and fixed income holdings may be in
fewer, more concentrated positions compared to other Corbyn account strategy types. This
account strategy may also experience a higher rate of turnover and we may invest a portion of
the account in “event-driven” equity or fixed-income securities such as workouts and special
situations.
Capital Appreciation – The objective of this investment strategy is capital appreciation with
some income generation. Capital Appreciation accounts are invested primarily in equity
securities, within a wide range of market capitalizations but may also include investments in
fixed income securities, primarily below investment grade (high yield) corporate bonds. The
fixed income securities may be capable of providing capital appreciation, but the primary
attribute is the generation of attractive fixed income streams. Position sizes may be higher
compared to other Corbyn equity and blended strategies.
Balanced – The objective of this investment strategy is capital appreciation, with income
generation an important, but secondary, goal. Balanced accounts are invested in both equity
and fixed income securities, including below investment grade (high yield) corporate bonds and
convertible bonds The relative weighting between these security types will vary depending on
available investment opportunities and market conditions. The allocation of equity investments
in the portfolio will typically be lower than that of the Equity only and Capital Appreciation
account strategies.
Income Oriented – The objective of this investment strategy is current income generation, along
with capital appreciation. Income Oriented accounts are invested in equity and fixed income
securities, including below investment grade (high yield) corporate bonds that may have capital
appreciation potential. The relative weighting between these security types will vary depending
on available investment opportunities and market conditions. The allocation of equity
investments will typically comprise a smaller portion of the portfolio compared to a Balanced
account strategy.
Intermediate Strategic Income (formerly known as Short Duration High Yield*)– The principal
objective of this investment strategy is total return, primarily resulting from current income. To
accomplish this objective, we employ a flexible strategy of investing in fixed income securities,
primarily below investment grade (high yield) corporate bonds, but may also include investment
grade corporate bonds, convertible bonds and preferred stocks. The expected duration of many
securities purchased in this strategy will be longer than that of Strategic Income accounts.
Consequently, investors should expect more sensitivity to general market and interest rate
moves than the Strategic Income account strategy due to the somewhat longer maturity profile.
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*Prior to January 2024, this strategy was known as Short Duration High Yield. The objective of
this strategy has not changed.
Strategic Income – The principal objective of this investment strategy is total return, primarily
resulting from current income. To accomplish this objective, we employ a flexible strategy of
investing in fixed income securities, primarily below investment grade (high yield) corporate
bonds, but may also include investment grade corporate bonds, convertible bonds and
preferred stocks. The expected duration of the fixed income securities purchased in this strategy
is relatively short making the total returns less dependent upon general market and interest rate
moves.
Strategic Income – Custom Values* – The principal objective of this investment strategy is total
return, primarily resulting from current income, while adhering to each client’s custom values
and restrictions. To accomplish this objective, we employ a flexible strategy of investing in fixed
income securities, primarily below investment grade (high yield) corporate bonds, but may also
include investment grade corporate bonds, convertible bonds and preferred stocks. The
expected duration of the fixed income securities purchased in this strategy is relatively short so
the total returns are less dependent upon general market and interest rate moves.
*Prior to January 2024, this strategy was known as the Strategic Income ESG and was defined to
focus primarily on investments with a favorable Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)
profile.
Risk of Loss
loss of your original
Clients should be aware that investing in securities involves the risk of loss that you should be
prepared to bear, and there is no guarantee that any of the investment strategies described
above will meet your objectives. We make no representation regarding the likelihood or
probability that any proposed investment will in fact achieve a particular goal and you risk the
investment. Each client must carefully consider the
permanent
appropriateness of the proposed investments considering the client’s own personal financial
circumstances, including cash flow needs, unusual tax circumstances or other complex or
subjective concerns. You are urged to seek the advice of tax professionals and to use all
available resources to educate yourself about investments in general, as well as the investments
made by Corbyn.
Concentration Risk
investment strategies
Certain
impose more risk than others due to the type and/or
concentration of securities in the portfolio. Our various investment strategies focus more on a
particular type of investment (equity or fixed income) and, therefore, could be subject to a
greater risk of adverse developments. In addition, all investment strategies may include only a
small number of securities and therefore not be diversified across all sectors or industry groups.
The value of your investment could vary considerably in response to changes in the market
value of an individual security and this may result in higher volatility.
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Strategy Risk
There is no guarantee that our analysis of the value or the potential for appreciation of value for
a particular security or asset class is correct. The securities that we consider undervalued may
not increase in price to what we believe is the full value but instead, decrease in value.
Market Risk
The equity and fixed income markets can be volatile and security valuations may be negatively
affected by unforeseen economic or political events that impact investor expectations, causing
security prices to fall in a manner that was not anticipated at the time of purchase. Such events
could cause a decrease in liquidity in the securities markets, making it difficult to sell an
investment quickly without a substantial price concession. In addition, industry sectors and/or
investment styles, such as value investing, may fall out of favor with investors and remain out of
favor for an extended period.
Equity Risk
Investment strategies that include equity investments are subject to equity market risk. Equity
prices may fall in response to many factors including general economic conditions, interest
rates, investor perceptions or market liquidity. When financial markets experience periods of
severe stress, unusual and extreme volatility could occur in the equity markets and in the prices
of individual stocks. A company’s stock price may be negatively impacted even though there is
little or no apparent degradation in the financial condition or prospects of that company. This
could add to the risk of short-term volatility in your account. Beyond general market risk, the
value of an individual security may be more volatile than the overall market due to actual, or the
anticipation of, unfavorable earnings or some other company-specific event.
We may invest in small-, mid-, or large-cap equities. Small- and mid-capitalization companies
may be more vulnerable to industry, economic and market changes due to more limited
financial resources and product lines and therefore investments in small- and mid-capitalization
equities tend to be more volatile than investments in larger, more established companies.
Additionally, small- and mid-capitalization companies typically have less liquid trading markets,
which can lead to more volatile trading activity.
SPAC Risk
Special Purpose Acquisition Companies are generally formed for the purpose of effecting a
merger or other form of business combination within a finite period of time. SPACs, especially
those that have recently completed their initial public offerings, may be unseasoned and lack
significant trading, operational and/or financial reporting history. Prior to the announcement of
a business combination, a SPAC has no ongoing business activities other than seeking a business
combination, and its common shares may lack liquidity and trade at a discount to its redemption
value. At the time of a proposed combination, public shareholders are generally afforded the
right to redeem their shares for their proportionate value of the SPAC trust. Public shareholders
may not have a meaningful opportunity to vote on the proposal because certain shareholders,
including those affiliated with the SPAC management team, may have sufficient voting power,
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and financial incentive, to approve a transaction without public shareholder support. There is no
guarantee that a SPAC will propose or complete a business combination. If a SPAC does not
complete a business combination within the allotted timeframe, public shares are typically
redeemed for cash with funds from the SPAC trust account. Investments in SPACs may be
considered illiquid and subject to restrictions on resale.
Custom Values Risk
Custom values investing carries the risk that, under certain market conditions, these
investments may underperform other investments that do not utilize custom criteria. The
application of custom criteria may affect the exposure to certain sectors or types of investments
and may impact the relative investment performance depending on whether such sectors or
investments are in or out of favor in the market. The performance of a custom investment
and/or our assessment of such performance may change over time, and our ability to sell
securities may be impacted by market conditions and other factors, which could cause us to
temporarily hold securities that do not comply with custom criteria. Individual investment
custom factors and criteria may change over time and may not be achieved during the
investment timeframe.
Fixed Income Risks
Fixed income securities may be subject to interest rate risk, credit risk and market risk. Interest
rate risk is the relationship between interest rates and the valuation of a fixed income security.
The value of a fixed income security generally declines if interest rates increase. Conversely, if
interest rates fall, the value of a fixed income security generally increases. Fixed income
securities with longer maturities are typically more affected by changes in interest rates than
those with shorter maturities.
Credit risk is the risk that the credit quality of an individual fixed income security is lowered if
the financial condition of the issuing company deteriorates. Lower credit quality could lead to
greater price volatility and make the security more difficult to sell. Additionally, as a company’s
credit quality deteriorates, the risk of default on principal and/or interest payments increases,
which may have a negative impact on a security’s market price.
Market risk is the risk that investors demand higher rates due to some economic or other
market event causing prices for fixed income securities to fall.
We may invest in convertible securities and/or below investment grade high yield fixed income
securities. Convertible securities sometimes offer lower yields than non-convertible securities of
similar quality. The value of convertible securities may fluctuate in relation to changes in
interest rates, credit quality, market forces and the price of the underlying common stock. Prices
of below investment grade high yield fixed income securities may be more volatile than
investment grade fixed income securities and the trading markets may be less liquid. Below
investment grade high yield fixed income securities involve greater credit risk and are
considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s ability to make interest and principal
payments. Deteriorating economic conditions or rising interest rates may weaken the issuer’s
ability to pay interest and repay principal more so than issuers of higher-rated securities.
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Cybersecurity Risk
With the increased use of technologies such as the internet and the dependence on computer
systems to perform necessary business functions, Corbyn and its service providers may be more
susceptible to operational and related risks through breaches in cybersecurity. A cybersecurity
incident may refer to intentional or unintentional events that allow an unauthorized party to
gain access to assets, customer data, or proprietary information, or cause Corbyn or its service
providers to suffer data corruption or lose operational functionality. A cybersecurity incident
could, among other things, result in the loss or theft of customer data or funds, customers or
employees being unable to access electronic systems (“denial of services”), loss or theft of
proprietary information or corporate data, physical damage to a computer or network system,
or remediation costs associated with system repairs. Additionally, denial-of-service attacks on a
service providers’ systems or websites may render them unavailable to intended users or
“ransomware” may render the systems inoperable until appropriate actions are taken.
invests, counterparties with which Corbyn engages
Any of these results could have a substantial adverse impact on Corbyn or its clients. For
example, if a cybersecurity incident results in a denial of service, clients could lose access to
their electronic accounts for an unknown period, and employees could be unable to access
electronic systems to perform critical duties. Cybersecurity incidents could cause Corbyn or its
service providers to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, additional compliance
costs associated with corrective measures, or financial loss of a significant magnitude and could
result in allegations that Corbyn or its service providers violated privacy and other laws. Similar
adverse consequences could result from cybersecurity incidents affecting issuers of securities in
which the Corbyn
in transactions,
governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators,
banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, and other financial institutions and other parties.
Risk management systems and business continuity plans seek to reduce the risks associated with
cybersecurity in the event there is a cybersecurity breach, but there are inherent limitations in
these systems and plans, including the possibility that certain risks may not have been
identified, in large part because different or unknown threats may emerge in the future.
Furthermore, Corbyn does not control the cybersecurity systems and plans of the issuers of
securities in which it invests or its third-party service providers or trading counterparties or any
other service providers whose operations may affect Corbyn or its clients.
Global Events
Due to the increasing interdependence among global economies and financial markets, events
taking place in one country, market or region, might adversely affect markets, issuers, and/or
foreign exchange rates in other countries, including the U.S. Examples of these types of events
include, but are not limited to, pandemics and other disease outbreaks, political instability,
armed conflicts, natural or environmental disasters, fiscal policy, trade relations, social unrest,
trade agreements, government shutdowns and defaults. In addition, the investments held in a
client account might be negatively impacted by an event even if the event occurs in a country,
market, or region where the account does not invest. The effects of an event are unknown and
may persist over a prolonged period. For example, the COVID-19 outbreak resulted in serious
economic disruptions across the globe and triggered unprecedented volatility and liquidity
concerns in financial markets. The impact of a public health crisis such as the COVID-19 (or any
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future pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of a contagious disease) is difficult to predict, which
presents material uncertainty and risk with respect to the performance of your investments.
ITEM 9 - DISCIPLINARY HISTORY
We are required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or disciplinary events that
would be material to your evaluation of Corbyn or the integrity of Corbyn’s management.
Neither Corbyn, nor any of Corbyn’s management personnel, have been involved in any legal or
disciplinary events.
ITEM 10 – OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
Financial Industry Affiliations
Corbyn is the investment sub-adviser to Cromwell Greenspring and the investment adviser to
Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund, both of which are no-load, diversified, open-ended
investment companies (commonly referred to as mutual funds) registered with the SEC. Corbyn
provides the use of facilities, equipment and personnel to carry out its services for the Funds.
We do not execute transactions with any broker-dealer in exchange for promoting or selling
shares of the Funds. Please see Item 5 for a description of the fees we collect from the Funds
and Item 11 for a description of the conflicts of interest involved.
ITEM 11 - CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING
Code of Ethics
Corbyn has adopted a Code of Ethics which expresses our commitment to ethical conduct. It is
our policy that all employees place the interests of clients first. The Code of Ethics sets a
standard of professional conduct, requires certain restrictions on personal trading practices,
addresses the proper handling of material non-public information, the safeguarding of sensitive
client information, and requires regular reporting of our employees’ securities transactions and
holdings. Annually, all employees are required to sign and abide by the Code of Ethics and attest
that they have not acted in any way which would have created a conflict of interest with the
clients of Corbyn. A complete copy of the Code of Ethics is available upon request. Please call
410-832-5500 to request your copy.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Subject to the restrictions in our Code of Ethics, employees are permitted to trade for their own
accounts in securities which are purchased for Corbyn clients. Our Code of Ethics requires pre-
clearance of covered securities transactions and restricts trading in close proximity to client
trading activity. Our employees are generally restricted to a last-in and last-out basis for
securities that are also purchased or sold for the clients of Corbyn. A buying or selling interest,
14
therefore, should not affect the price paid or received by Corbyn employees for any security.
Nonetheless, because the Code of Ethics in some circumstances would permit employees to
invest in the same securities as clients, there is a possibility that employees might benefit from
market activity in a security in a client’s account that is also held by an employee. However, to
address this potential conflict, employee trading is continually monitored under the Code of
Ethics, and we strive to prevent conflicts of interest between our employees and our clients.
When appropriate, we will purchase shares of the Funds for clients. We are the investment
adviser or sub-adviser to the Funds and collect fees from the Funds as described in Item 5. We
seek to address potential conflicts of interest by totally excluding your investment in the Funds
when calculating Corbyn’s management fee.
Corbyn clients may have investment objectives similar to that of the Funds, which would result
in the purchase or sale of a particular security for Corbyn clients simultaneously with the Funds.
The purchase or sale of a security for a client does not create an obligation to buy or sell the
security for the Funds nor does the purchase or sale of a security for the Funds create an
obligation to buy or sell a security for a Corbyn client. Corbyn may purchase or sell a security
that is allocated to Corbyn clients as well as either/both of the Funds. It is Corbyn’s policy, when
feasible, to place block orders for the purchase or sale of the same security on the same day for
both Corbyn clients and the Funds. When a block order for an equity security is filled on the
same day, each participating account will receive the average share price for the block order so
no price advantage is given to either Corbyn clients or the Funds’ shareholders. When a block
order is only partially filled, the securities purchased will be allocated to each account
participating in the block order based upon an allocation strategy. This allocation strategy may
include, but not be limited to: nature of each account (taxable or non-taxable), cash position,
level of equity exposure, size of the execution, tax considerations, and/or investment objectives.
If Corbyn purchases or sells the same fixed income security at different times during the same
day with the same broker, the trades may be aggregated and an average price utilized if the
broker used for the transaction is able to average the prices for the allocation of that fixed
income security.
We have an incentive program whereby certain employees who develop and maintain business
for Corbyn are compensated quarterly with cash payments based on the billable assets of your
account. The terms and payments vary and will not affect, in any way, the manner in which
your account is managed.
ITEM 12 - BROKERAGE PRACTICES
Selecting Brokerage Firms
Corbyn uses numerous brokerage institutions to execute trades. All brokerage institutions with
which we trade are considered to be reliable, capable and financially stable and we assess the
quality of execution services received from the broker-dealers we use to execute trades. One of
an investment adviser’s basic duties is to seek and obtain best execution, which means
executing transactions for clients in such a manner that the client’s total costs or proceeds in
each transaction are the most favorable under the circumstances. In order to obtain “best
15
execution,” we consider the full range and quality of a broker’s services. The determinative
factor is not solely the lowest possible commission cost or price, but also whether the
transaction represents the best qualitative execution for the managed account.
A number of factors go into an analysis of best execution, including trade price, commission,
speed, certainty of execution and the ability of the dealer to settle the trade promptly and
accurately. The selection of a broker for a particular trade depends upon: the expertise of the
broker in executing certain types of security transactions, knowledge of a security over a long
period of time, the size of a transaction, and an indication in the market place that a match (the
opposite side) exists. In recognition of the value of these qualitative factors, Corbyn may cause
clients to pay markups or markdowns that are higher than the lowest cost that might otherwise
be available for any given trade. Also, we could pay more in brokerage commissions and/or
incur a less favorable transaction price at one firm than we would have at another firm. We feel
this is warranted because of investment services and valuable research provided by the firm
with which Corbyn executes the trade. However, any brokerage institution with whom Corbyn
trades is expected to charge competitive rates, whether or not research services are received.
Certain client accounts below the prime broker limit are required to have trades placed with
their Custodial broker-dealer. Corbyn may also trade at the custodial broker-dealer if it is
determined to be advantageous to the client.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
Corbyn receives a wide variety of research, services and data from broker-dealers with which we
transact business. These services and data are provided in written or electronic forms and are
used in connection with the research of securities and the execution of trades. We seek to
comply with Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which provides a “safe
harbor” allowing investment advisers to pay more than the lowest available commission for
brokerage and research services. Subject to the criteria of Section 28(e), a portion of your
commissions or “soft dollars” pay for: market data fees (such as NYSE and NASDAQ), pricing
services (ICE Data Services), market data and analytical software (Factset), and various research
services and products as warranted. Corbyn’s soft dollar arrangements are for the services used
by the Adviser, the benefits of which may be used for investment research or other items that
have a shared benefit to all Firm clients. We do not allocate soft dollar benefits to client
accounts proportionate to the soft dollar credits the account generates. There may be a conflict
of interest with regard to products obtained with soft dollars because of the incentive to use
client brokerage commissions to purchase these products that we otherwise would purchase
directly.
We may have an incentive to select a broker based on our interest in receiving research or other
products or services rather than on our client’s interest in receiving the most favorable
execution cost. Also, you could pay commissions higher than those obtained from other broker-
dealers in return for research, products and services provided to us. However, we feel that
commissions paid are reasonable considering the brokerage and research services received.
Although research or other products and services received from a particular broker may be a
factor in the selection of brokers used by us, it will generally be secondary to the factors
described above relating to a particular broker’s capability to provide best execution in a specific
16
transaction. The benefits realized from research services and data received accrue to all of our
clients alike.
Directed Brokerage
We do not request or require a client to direct us to execute transactions through a specified
broker or broker-dealer. Absent an existing custodial relationship, Corbyn can assist you in
developing a relationship with a custodian with whom we have an existing relationship.
However, you are free to choose or change brokerage firms and/or custodians at your
discretion. All clients will be asked to make a decision about the custody of their account in the
Investment Management Agreement.
A broker-dealer may refer you to Corbyn, or we may receive referrals from other investment
advisers. Other advisers may recommend us because our investment style/philosophy aligns
with your investment objectives. If a broker refers you, he may have an ongoing relationship
with you and thus may have custody of your account. If this is the case, then you or the other
broker dealer/investment adviser may request that your account be custodied at a specified
custodian/brokerage firm. We do not negotiate commission rates or transaction fees with these
brokerage firms when referred by brokers or other investment advisers.
Portfolio transactions for these types of accounts will not usually be done through the custodial
brokerage firm, because we usually “step-out” or establish prime broker relationships. Prime
brokerage relationships and step-out trades are established to maintain the benefit of executing
with a number of brokers and to comply with best execution. You will incur additional costs
when trades are executed through a prime broker because you will pay a transaction fee to the
custodian as well as a commission to the executing broker. But, by maintaining multiple
relationships, Corbyn clients have access to various brokers and can participate in block orders
when trades are stepped out.
If we did not step-out or prime broker trades then there would be numerous costs or
disadvantages of a directed brokerage arrangement because: (i) our ability to achieve best
execution will be partially or wholly limited by the directed brokerage arrangement as we may
not achieve execution of the nature, quality, speed, or price that we might otherwise achieve if
you were not using a directed broker-dealer to execute transactions; (ii) we will not be able to
negotiate or renegotiate commission rates or transaction fees with your directed broker-dealer,
or impact or improve the price or quality of the execution services provided; (iii) you will not be
able to participate in volume discount commission rates that may be negotiated by us with
broker-dealers we use to effect trades for our other clients; (iv) you may forgo other benefits
from savings on execution costs that may otherwise be obtained (e.g. by aggregating orders); (v)
you will incur additional costs when trades are executed through a prime broker; these firms
usually do not charge specific custodial fees, but instead are compensated by account holders
through transaction-related fees; and (vi) with regard to over-the-counter bonds, in particular,
in many cases the prices available at a directed brokerage are not as favorable as prices
achieved by having a wide selection of market makers from which to choose.
As previously stated, you have the option to establish accounts with various brokerage firms to
maintain custody of your account(s). A conflict of interest may arise because these brokerage
17
firms may provide Corbyn with access to their institutional trading and custody services on an
unsolicited basis and at no charge. These services are not usually available to retail investors.
Also, these firms may make available to us other products and services that are beneficial to us
in managing and administering your account(s), but do not benefit your account(s). These
products and services may include software and other technology that provide access to client
account data (such as trade confirmations and account statements); facilitate trade execution
(and allocation of aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts); provide research,
pricing information and other market data; facilitate payment of Corbyn fees from your
account(s); and assist with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting. These
products and services are made available to us on an unsolicited basis and are not tied to the
amount of trades executed or the commissions you pay.
In the event that a client is referred to us by another investment adviser or broker, the potential
for a conflict of interest may arise because Corbyn could receive future referrals from the
investment adviser or broker. Referred clients can decline to use their referring registered rep,
broker-dealer or investment adviser in order to obtain possible lower commissions and fees,
lower transaction fees and better execution of trades.
Trading
Corbyn will utilize a variety of methods when allocating securities among client accounts. The
allocation method may include, but not be limited to: nature of each account (taxable or non-
taxable), cash position, percentage holdings in equities or fixed income securities, size of the
execution, tax considerations, if taxable account, and/or investment objectives. When
determining allocations, Corbyn will avoid allocations that systematically favor certain client
accounts over others. In particular, Corbyn will not favor accounts that pay higher fees, accounts
of larger clients, clients that are threatening to terminate, or accounts of persons who can
benefit the adviser through other business relationships.
It is Corbyn’s policy, when feasible and in the best interest of the client, to aggregate or place
block orders for the purchase or sale of the same security for client’s accounts and/or the Funds,
to seek a possible lower commission and/or a more advantageous net price. The benefit, if any,
obtained because of such aggregation, is generally allocated among the accounts that
participated in the aggregated trade. When a block order is filled in its entirety, each
participating account will receive the average share price for the block order on the same
business day, and the transaction costs will be shared pro-rata based on each client’s
participation in the block order. When a block order is only partially filled, the securities
purchased will be allocated to each account participating in the block order based upon an
allocation strategy. This allocation strategy may include, but not be limited to: nature of each
account (taxable or non-taxable), cash position, level of equity exposure, size of the execution,
tax considerations, and/or investment objectives. For fixed income securities, Corbyn will
generally allocate investment opportunities pro rata among eligible accounts based on
suitability, target weighting in the applicable issue, issuer, sector, duration, and cash level, or
similar portfolio attributes. If Corbyn purchases or sells the same fixed income security at
different times during the same day with the same broker, the trades may be aggregated and an
18
average price utilized if the broker used for the transaction is able to average the prices for the
allocation of that fixed income security.
If you have restricted Corbyn to a particular broker-dealer, and the broker-dealer has a specified
commission rate or transaction fee, with respect to transactions for that client’s account, even if
you participate in an aggregated order execution, the specified commission rate or transaction
fee will preclude you from receiving the benefit, if any, from the aggregation. This is particularly
true when a trade is prime brokered. The accounts of other clients who have not designated a
particular broker-dealer and have participated in the aggregated order may receive a greater
benefit.
When appropriate, it may be advantageous for Corbyn to affect a brokered transaction between
two of our managed accounts by crossing the trade in the marketplace. The transaction is
always executed through a broker with either a commission or an implied commission reflected
in the price to compensate the broker for processing the trade. We receive no compensation,
i.e. commissions, or transaction-based compensation, for these trades.
We occasionally purchase shares of initial public offerings (IPOs) for an investment in clients’
accounts. Shares will be allocated upon receipt, and in no case any later than the end of the
trading day, to your account in a similar fashion to the allocation of other stock and bond
purchases, i.e. based upon the appropriateness of a holding for an account after analyzing the
objectives of the client and the specific characteristics of the security in question.
Very infrequently, we participate in so-called “hot” IPOs, i.e. an IPO of a security that is expected
to rise sharply in price once it begins trading. Ideally, we will receive enough IPO shares to
allocate a significant number of shares to all appropriate accounts, in which case the allocation
will be made pro rata according to the size of the account. In reality, however, this is not
typically the case, as the number of shares received by Corbyn is usually quite small. To allocate
shares among all appropriate accounts would result in insignificant gains in most cases, and in
some cases even small losses, after custodial transaction costs. Consequently, if Corbyn receives
only a minimal amount of shares, we will utilize an allocation method that we believe is the
most practical, fair and objective and is in the best interests of our clients. Shares in this
scenario will be allocated to those accounts that have had the worst relative performance
among all appropriate Corbyn-managed accounts during the previous twelve months.
ITEM 13 - REVIEW OF ACCOUNTS
Frequency and Nature of Reviews
Our account management process is organized along functional lines, and as such your account
is not assigned to a specific manager. Several management tools, including, but not limited to,
initial client account applications and various portfolio reports (cross-referenced and by
account) are utilized to review and manage accounts.
Your account will be reviewed on a regular basis by one or more members of our Investment
Team for matters relating to their areas of responsibility. All portfolios are reviewed regularly
19
and Corbyn-selected investment holdings are monitored daily by our Investment Team. The
Relationship Management Team is also involved. Our reviews include utilizing various reports
to monitor cash balances, tax situations, special restrictions, and investment objectives, which
assure thorough and equitable treatment for each client on all purchases and sales.
Regular Reports
Corbyn direct separate accounts will receive a quarterly Portfolio Appraisal, detailing the specific
investments and valuation of your account, an invoice detailing the calculation of your quarterly
fee, commentary from Corbyn typically addressing performance of and factors affecting overall
markets and Corbyn strategies. Also, a copy of Corbyn’s Privacy Policy and the Proxy Voting
Policy is sent with the 2nd quarterly report mailing. Form CRS will be mailed to you when a
material change occurs. In addition, all custodians will send to you, at least quarterly, an account
statement showing a summary of assets, transactions, fees, withdrawals, deposits, etc. You will
also receive confirmations of all transactions directly from your account custodians. We urge
you to compare the account statements you receive from your custodian with those you receive
from us.
Generally, sub-advised client accounts will not receive any correspondence, etc. from us
directly. The reports and correspondence mentioned above will be sent directly to your adviser
on your behalf., however if the sub-advised client has provided a specific direction for reporting
to be delivered to them, Corbyn will also provide a copy directly to the underlying client.
Each Fund will receive close daily attention and review to ensure adherence to all investment
policies and applicable laws. We will provide any information necessary for the computation of
each Fund’s net asset value and will make available investment records and ledgers as may be
required to assist in its compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
ITEM 14 - CLIENT REFERRALS AND OTHER COMPENSATION
We do not pay referral fees.
ITEM 15 - CUSTODY
Account Statements
For purposes of providing its advisory services, Corbyn does not have custody of client funds or
securities. Your assets are held at a qualified custodian, such as a bank or brokerage firm.
However, if you have authorized Corbyn to debit advisory fees from your custodial account,
Corbyn may be deemed to have custody or limited custody in certain circumstances. This
authority is provided in either your Investment Management Agreement or a letter, through
which you instruct your custodian to withdraw or deduct our management fee from your
account and then pay it to us in accordance with applicable custody rules. We calculate your
management fee and provide the calculation method and fee amount to you each quarter. All
custodians will send you an account statement, at least quarterly, indicating all amounts
disbursed from your account, including the amount of management fees paid directly to Corbyn.
20
Clients should carefully review the account statements you receive from your custodian and
compare them to any statements or reports you receive from us. Should there by any
discrepancy, you should inform your advisory representative.
Other than the limited authorization to deduct advisory fees as described above, Corbyn does
not have the requisite level of authority with any client custodians to authorize transfers of
funds from client account to third parties using standing letters of authorization or other
instructions.
ITEM 16 – INVESTMENT DISCRETION
Discretionary Authority
Corbyn has discretionary authority over your account under a limited power of attorney
executed by you if you have a direct contractual arrangement with us. We determine which
securities are purchased and sold, the amount of such purchases and sales, the brokers through
which such transactions will be executed and the commission rates paid. However, our authority
may be limited by specific instruction from you, for example, to restrict or prohibit transactions
in certain securities or industries. You can specify any restrictions in the Investment
Management Agreement, which you sign at the onset of our relationship, or by providing
written instructions to Corbyn which are acknowledged by Corbyn prior to implementation. In
all cases, investment discretion is exercised in a manner consistent with the stated investment
objectives for your particular account.
If you are a client under a sub-advisory agreement, you have given us discretionary authority, as
mentioned above, through the designation of Corbyn as your adviser pursuant to the terms of
the sub-advisory agreement with such adviser and your receipt and/or acknowledgement of the
the sub-advisory relationship through the separate account manager disclosure letter provided
to you by your primary investment adviser.
You are advised to promptly notify us if you wish to change or impose any reasonable
restrictions upon our management services or if your investment objectives change.
ITEM 17 - VOTING CLIENT SECURITIES
Corbyn’s proxy voting policies and procedures are designed to ensure that proxies are voted in
an appropriate manner and reflect Corbyn’s general responsibility to monitor the performance
and/or corporate events of companies that are issuers of securities held in your account(s). The
Investment Management Agreement between you and Corbyn authorizes us to vote on proxies
received in connection with your account(s). We will vote proxies related to securities in a
manner that is in the best interest of you, our client. We will consider only those factors that
relate to your investments, including how our vote may impact and affect the value of your
investment. In voting on each and every issue, we will vote in a prudent and timely fashion and
only after a careful evaluation of the issue(s) presented on the ballot.
21
Corbyn has a general policy of voting in favor of proposals which generally include:
• The election of directors that result in a majority of independent directors;
• Declassification of existing boards;
• Appointment of auditors, except where non-audit fees make up a large percentage of
the total fees paid by the company to the audit firm;
• Advisory vote on executive compensation if the compensation appears reasonable;
• Measures intended to increase long-term stock ownership by executives;
• Employee stock purchase plans (provided that the shares are purchased for no less
than 85% of their market value);
Lower barriers to shareholder action.
• Removal of super-majority voting requirements for certain types of proposals; and
•
Corbyn has a general policy of voting against proposals which generally include:
• Adoption of classified board structures;
• Equity-based compensation plans where total potential dilution (including all equity-
based plans) exceeds 15% of shares outstanding or if annual option grants have
exceeded 2% of shares outstanding;
Imposition of super-majority requirements;
•
• Establishment of a separate class of stock with disparate voting rights; and
• Proposals relating to “ordinary business matters” (e.g., requesting that the company
disclose or amend certain business practices), unless Corbyn believes that a proposal
has substantial economic implications.
If a matter is not specifically covered by our proxy voting policies, we will vote the proxy in a
manner consistent with the general principles of the proxy voting policies and in your best
interest. Also, if we believe that it is in your best interest, we may vote in a manner contrary to
our established proxy voting policies.
In exercising its voting discretion, Corbyn will seek to avoid any direct or indirect material
conflict of interest. For any vote, we will verify (subject to review and approval by the portfolio
manager) whether an actual or potential conflict of interest exists with Corbyn, any of its
affiliates or any other party which may be deemed an “interested person” of Corbyn as defined
in Corbyn’s proxy voting policies and procedures. If an actual or potential conflict is found to
exist, we may then engage a non-interested party to independently review our vote
recommendation and notify you of the conflict.
You may obtain a copy of our complete proxy voting policies and procedures upon request, as
well as information about how we voted proxies on your behalf. Please call us at 410-832-5500.
ITEM 18 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Corbyn does not require or accept pre-payment of its advisory fees. As mentioned in Item 15,
Corbyn does not act as custodian of your funds or securities, and we have no financial
commitment that impairs our ability to meet contractual and fiduciary commitments to you, our
client. We have never been the subject of any bankruptcy proceedings.
22
PRIVACY POLICY
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
The relationship between Corbyn Investment Management and our clients is the most
important asset of our firm. We strive to maintain your trust and confidence and we are
committed to protecting your personal information to the best of our ability. We believe that
our clients value their privacy; therefore, we will not disclose your personal information to
anyone unless it is required by law, at your direction, or is necessary to provide you with our
services.
All investment advisers need to share clients’ personal information in certain circumstances.
Under the law, the information we collect is provided to companies that perform support
services on our behalf as necessary to affect, administer, or process a transaction, or for
maintaining and servicing your account. We have not, and will not, sell your personal
information to anyone. Furthermore, Corbyn does not use personal information received from
an affiliate to make solicitations for marketing purposes, nor do we share your information with
affiliates to allow them to market their products or services to you.
THE PERSONAL INFORMATION THAT WE COLLECT, MAINTAIN, AND COMMUNICATE
Corbyn collects and maintains your personal information to enable us to provide investment
management services to you. The types and categories of information we collect and maintain
about you include:
•
•
•
Information we receive from you to open an account and provide investment advice to
you such as your home address, telephone number, social security number and financial
information;
Information that we generate to service your account such as trade tickets and account
statements; and
Information that we may receive from third parties with respect to your account such as
trade confirmations and statements provided by your custodian.
HOW WE PROTECT YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION
We do not disclose any non-public personal information about you or former clients to anyone,
except as required by law or as directed by you. To fulfill our privacy commitment at Corbyn
Investment Management, we have instituted firm-wide practices to safeguard the information
that we maintain about you. These include:
• Adopting policies and procedures that put in place physical, electronic, and other
•
safeguards to keep your personal information safe;
Limiting access of personal information to those employees who need it to perform
their job duties; and
• Protecting information of our former clients to the same extent as our current clients.
If you have any questions regarding our privacy policy, please let us know by calling 410-832-
5500.
23
2330 W. Joppa Road
Suite 108
Lutherville, Maryland 21093
410-832-5500
www.corbyn.com
March 2025
Form ADV, Part 2B Brochure Supplement
This brochure supplement provides information about Charles Carlson, Michael Fusting,
Michael Goodman, Michael Pulcinella, George Truppi, Kate Walsh and William White.
This is a supplement to Corbyn Investment Management’s brochure. You should have
received a copy of that brochure. Please contact Moira Donovan, Chief Compliance
Officer, at 410-832-5500 if you did not receive Corbyn’s brochure or if you have any
questions about the contents of this supplement. Additional information about the
above individuals is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
24
CHARLES vK. CARLSON, CFA®
joined Corbyn
Educational Background and Business Experience — Chip
Investment
Management in 1983 and is the President, and Portfolio Manager of the firm. Chip has a BA
degree from Johns Hopkins University. He was born in 1959.
Other Business Activities — Chip is also Co-Portfolio Manager of Cromwell Greenspring Mid Cap
Fund and Co-Portfolio Manager of Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund.
Professional Designations: Mr. Carlson has earned the right to use the Chartered Financial
Analyst® (CFA®) designation from the CFA Institute. The Chartered Financial Analyst® (CFA®)
charter is a globally respected, graduate-level investment credential established in 1962 and
awarded by CFA Institute — the largest global association of investment professionals. To earn
the CFA charter, candidates must: 1) pass three sequential, six-hour examinations; 2) have at
least four years of qualified professional investment experience; 3) join CFA Institute as
members; and 4) commit to abide by, and annually reaffirm, their adherence to the CFA
Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct, and High Ethical Standards.
Chartered Financial Analyst® and CFA® are trademarks owned by the CFA Institute.
Disciplinary Information — Chip does not have any disciplinary history.
Additional Compensation — We have an incentive program whereby certain employees who
develop and maintain business for Corbyn (which may include Cromwell Greenspring Mid Cap
Fund and/or Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund) are compensated quarterly with cash
payments.
Supervision — Investment decisions and portfolio activity are reviewed by the entire Investment
Team. Chip Carlson can be reached at 410-832-5500.
MICHAEL J. FUSTING, CFA®
joined Corbyn
Educational Background and Business Experience — Mike
Investment
Management in 1989 and is a Senior Vice President, and Portfolio Manager – Equities of the
firm. Mike has a BA degree from Loyola University Maryland. He was born in 1961.
Professional Designations: Mr. Fusting has earned the right to use the Chartered Financial
Analyst® (CFA®) designation from the CFA Institute. The Chartered Financial Analyst® (CFA®)
charter is a globally respected, graduate-level investment credential established in 1962 and
awarded by CFA Institute — the largest global association of investment professionals. To earn
the CFA charter, candidates must: 1) pass three sequential, six-hour examinations; 2) have at
least four years of qualified professional investment experience; 3) join CFA Institute as
members; and 4) commit to abide by, and annually reaffirm, their adherence to the CFA
Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct, and High Ethical Standards.
Chartered Financial Analyst® and CFA® are trademarks owned by the CFA Institute.
Disciplinary Information — Mike does not have any disciplinary history.
25
Additional Compensation — We have an incentive program whereby certain employees who
develop and maintain business for Corbyn (which may include Cromwell Greenspring Mid Cap
Fund and/or Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund) are compensated quarterly with cash
payments.
Supervision — Investment decisions and portfolio activity are reviewed by the entire Investment
Team. Chip Carlson can be reached at 410-832-5500.
MICHAEL A. GOODMAN, CFA®
joined Corbyn
Educational Background and Business Experience — Mike
Investment
Management in 2009 and is a Senior Investment Analyst of the firm. Mike has a BA in
Psychology from Carleton College. He was born in 1980.
Other Business Activities — Mike is also a Co-Portfolio Manager of Cromwell Greenspring Mid
Cap Fund.
Professional Designations: Mr. Goodman has earned the right to use the Chartered Financial
Analyst® (CFA®) designation from the CFA Institute. The Chartered Financial Analyst® (CFA®)
charter is a globally respected, graduate-level investment credential established in 1962 and
awarded by CFA Institute — the largest global association of investment professionals. To earn
the CFA charter, candidates must: 1) pass three sequential, six-hour examinations; 2) have at
least four years of qualified professional investment experience; 3) join CFA Institute as
members; and 4) commit to abide by, and annually reaffirm, their adherence to the CFA
Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct, and High Ethical Standards.
Chartered Financial Analyst® and CFA® are trademarks owned by the CFA Institute.
Disciplinary Information — Mike does not have any disciplinary history
Additional Compensation — We have an incentive program whereby certain employees who
develop and maintain business for Corbyn (which may include Cromwell Greenspring Mid Cap
Fund and/or Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund) are compensated quarterly with cash
payments.
Supervision — Investment decisions and portfolio activity are reviewed by the entire Investment
Team. Chip Carlson can be reached at 410-832-5500.
MICHAEL PULCINELLA
joined Corbyn
Educational Background and Business Experience — Mike
Investment
Management in 2012 and is a Portfolio Manager- Fixed Income and Head Trader. Mike has a BS
in Finance from Fairfield University. He was born in 1977.
Other Business Activities — Mike is also a Co-Portfolio Manager of the Greenspring Income
Opportunities Fund.
Disciplinary Information — Mike does not have any disciplinary history.
26
Supervision — Investment decisions and portfolio activity are reviewed by the entire Investment
Team. Chip Carlson can be reached at 410-832-5500.
GEORGE TRUPPI, CFA®
Educational Background and Business Experience — George joined Corbyn Investment
Management in 2019 and is a Senior Investment Analyst of the firm. George is a graduate of
Rutgers University. He was born in 1983.
Other Business Activities — George is also a Co-Portfolio Manager of the Greenspring Income
Opportunities Fund.
Professional Designations: Mr. Truppi has earned the right to use the Chartered Financial
Analyst® (CFA®) designation from the CFA Institute. The Chartered Financial Analyst® (CFA®)
charter is a globally respected, graduate-level investment credential established in 1962 and
awarded by CFA Institute — the largest global association of investment professionals. To earn
the CFA charter, candidates must: 1) pass three sequential, six-hour examinations; 2) have at
least four years of qualified professional investment experience; 3) join CFA Institute as
members; and 4) commit to abide by, and annually reaffirm, their adherence to the CFA
Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct, and High Ethical Standards.
Chartered Financial Analyst® and CFA® are trademarks owned by the CFA Institute.
Disciplinary Information — George does not have any disciplinary history.
Supervision — Investment decisions and portfolio activity are reviewed by the entire Investment
Team. Chip Carlson can be reached at 410-832-5500.
KATHRYN “KATE” WALSH
joined Corbyn
Educational Background and Business Experience — Kate
Investment
Management in 2025 and cultivates prospective business relationships with advisers for the
Cromwell Greenspring Mid Cap Fund and the Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund. Prior to
joining Corbyn, Kate worked for the DWS Group as a Regional Vice President from 2020-2024.
Prior to that, she was a Sales Director for Legg Mason Global Asset Management from 2014-
2020. She is a graduate of La Salle University. She was born in 1985.
Disciplinary Information —Kate does not have any disciplinary history.
Other Business Activities —Kate initiates and services relationships with advisers for Cromwell
Greenspring Mid Cap Fund and Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund and is a registered
representative with Quasar Distributors, a registered broker-dealer, for that purpose.
Additional Compensation — We have an incentive program whereby certain employees who
develop and maintain business for Corbyn (which may include Cromwell Greenspring Mid Cap
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Fund and/or Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund) are compensated quarterly with cash
payments
Supervision — Kate is supervised by Chip Carlson, President of Corbyn. Chip supervises and
monitors Kate’s work through daily office interaction. Chip Carlson can be reached at 410-832-
5500.
WILLIAM WHITE, III
Educational Background and Business Experience — Bill joined Corbyn Investment Management
in 2002 and cultivates prospective business relationships with Corbyn clients and strategic
partners. He manages account relationships with individual clients, independent advisers and
institutions. He has a BA degree from Washington and Lee University. He was born in 1962.
Disciplinary Information — Bill does not have any disciplinary history.
Other Business Activities — Bill initiates and services relationships with advisers for Cromwell
Greenspring Mid Cap Fund and Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund and is a registered
representative with Quasar Distributors, a registered broker-dealer, for that purpose.
Additional Compensation — We have an incentive program whereby certain employees who
develop and maintain business for Corbyn (which may include Cromwell Greenspring Mid Cap
Fund and/or Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund) are compensated quarterly with cash
payments.
Supervision — Bill is supervised by Chip Carlson, President of Corbyn. Chip supervises and
monitors Bill’s work through daily office interaction. Chip Carlson can be reached at 410-832-
5500.
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