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1861 International Drive, Suite 501
McLean, VA 22102
571-382-0020
www.Andersen.com
Investment Consulting Services
Brochure
Dated: March 31, 2025
Item 1 – Cover Page
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business
practices of Andersen Tax LLC (“Andersen”). If you have any questions about the
contents of this brochure, please contact your Andersen investment consultant
directly or contact us at 571-382-0020 or compliance@Andersen.com.
The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United
States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities
authority. Additional information about Andersen also is available on the SEC’s
website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Item 2 – Material Changes
No material changes have been made to this brochure since the prior annual update dated
March 29, 2024.
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Item 3 – Table of Contents
Item 1 – Cover Page ........................................................................................................ i
Item 2 – Material Changes ........................................................................................... ii
Item 3 – Table of Contents .......................................................................................... iii
Item 4 – Advisory Business ......................................................................................... 1
Our Firm ......................................................................................................................... 1
Our Investment Consulting Services ......................................................................... 1
Limits on Types of Investments We Recommend ................................................... 4
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation .............................................................................. 4
Our Fees ........................................................................................................................ 4
Other Fees and Expenses .......................................................................................... 6
Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ................. 7
Item 7 – Types of Clients .............................................................................................. 7
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss ......... 7
Financial Planning Strategy and Risks ..................................................................... 7
Portfolio Strategy and Risks ....................................................................................... 7
Manager/Fund Selection Strategy and Risks .......................................................... 9
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information ............................................................................. 10
Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations .......................... 11
Item 11 – Code of Ethics ............................................................................................ 11
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices .................................................................................. 12
General ........................................................................................................................ 12
Recommended Brokers/Custodians........................................................................ 13
Broker Compensation ................................................................................................ 14
Benefits Provided by Recommended Brokers ....................................................... 14
Directed Brokerage and Trade Aggregation .......................................................... 15
Item 13 – Review of Accounts .................................................................................. 16
Portfolio Reviews ........................................................................................................ 16
Performance Reports ................................................................................................. 16
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation .......................................... 17
Item 15 – Custody ........................................................................................................ 17
Item 16 – Investment Discretion ............................................................................... 18
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities............................................................................ 18
Item 18 – Financial Information ................................................................................ 18
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Item 4 – Advisory Business
Our Firm
Andersen (formerly known as WTAS LLC) was formed in 2002 to provide a wide
range of tax, valuation, financial advisory and related consulting services to
individuals and entities. Andersen Tax Holdings LLC wholly owns Andersen Tax
LLC. MD Investment LLC is the principal owner of Andersen Tax Holdings LLC.
Our Managing Directors are also the owners of our parent company.
Our Investment Consulting Services
This brochure primarily describes our investment consulting services business.
Our investment consultants provide individualized investment advice tailored to
the needs of each client. As such, the range of services and advice we provide can
vary from client to client. We primarily offer three types of services: Full-service
investment consulting, limited professional consulting, and performance
measurement and reporting. Each of these is offered as a stand-alone service or
can be integrated with our tax consulting and other services as part of a
comprehensive wealth management service. The exact services provided are
agreed to and detailed in a written engagement letter. As a non-discretionary
advisor, we do not directly make investments without clients’ prior knowledge
and authorization. Clients are free to implement all, some, or none of our
investment recommendations.
Full-Service Investment Consulting and Comprehensive Wealth
Management
In a typical full-service investment consulting engagement, we first work with a
client to develop an overall investment strategy. We initially analyze the client’s
financial goals, investment objectives, time horizon, income and cash flow
requirements, investment risk tolerance and other preferences. For some clients,
this includes advice regarding capital sufficiency and cash flow, retirement
planning, tax planning, estate planning, education funding, insurance needs, and
employer benefit decisions. The result of this overall analysis serves as the
foundation for the client’s strategic investment plan.
Next, we help design a portfolio consistent with the client’s strategic investment
plan. We create an asset allocation plan that seeks to provide a target rate of
return without exposure to levels of risk in excess of that needed to attain the
client’s financial goals. We seek to reduce overall risk by diversifying across major
asset classes and across investment styles within each asset class.
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Our recommendations vary based on each client’s financial goals and portfolio
size. For example, in a relatively smaller or more conservative portfolio we might
recommend specific allocations to cash equivalents, municipal and taxable bonds,
and U.S. and non-U.S. equities. For a larger or more aggressive portfolio we
might additionally recommend specific allocations to non-U.S. fixed income,
Treasury Inflation Protected debt, high yield debt, emerging markets debt and
equity, real estate, commodities, and alternative investments. To further
diversify a portfolio, we typically recommend allocations to various investment
styles or strategies within an asset class. A common example is splitting the large
capitalization domestic equity allocation among growth, core, and value
investment styles.
After formalizing the client’s strategic investment plan and asset allocation plan
in a written investment policy statement, we recommend unaffiliated separate
account managers, mutual funds, and other registered or unregistered
investment vehicles that we believe will perform well in their respective asset
class and investment style. (See Item 8 for more on how we select managers and
funds.)
Upon recommending separate account managers or funds and obtaining client
consent, we arrange for the execution of the approved investment. In some cases,
clients need to enter into an agreement directly with the separate account
managers we recommend. We assist with setting up these arrangements, as well
as other client-approved transactions such as transferring assets between
accounts. We also help the client select and coordinate third party custodial and
brokerage services and assist in selecting the appropriate account structure for
holding investment assets.
Once the investment plan has been implemented, we regularly and continuously
monitor the client’s portfolio and the separate account managers, mutual funds,
and other registered or unregistered investment vehicles that we recommended.
We advise the client whenever we no longer recommend a manager, fund, or
other investment vehicle and suggest a replacement. We prepare consolidated
performance reports that compare the client’s portfolio to the strategic
investment plan and target allocation. We also compare the selected managers
and funds to appropriate market indices and peers within each asset class and
investment style. We meet with the client periodically to review the plan and the
separate account managers, funds, and other investments in the portfolio. We
recommend transactions to rebalance the portfolio back toward its target asset
allocation.
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As of December 31, 2024, our assets under advisement for this type of service was
approximately $6,080,097,000.
Limited Professional Consulting
For some clients, we perform only certain portions of the full-service investment
consulting described above, such as developing an investment policy statement or
strategic asset allocation. Other common examples of the types of limited
professional consulting we provide include:
(cid:120) Performing a limited portfolio review or providing a second opinion of an
existing portfolio managed by another financial advisor
(cid:120) Analyzing and conducting due diligence on a separate account manager,
fund, or other investment that the client is considering or has invested in
(cid:120) Providing financial counseling services to key executives of a company, or
providing financial planning seminars and other educational services to
groups of employees
(cid:120) Advising in a Co-Advisory arrangement in which we provide ongoing
strategic investment planning and overall portfolio monitoring while an
unaffiliated third-party advisor has full discretion as to selection of
separate account managers, funds, and securities
In these limited engagements, although we are providing investment advice as to
matters such as financial planning, asset allocation and performance
comparisons, the underlying investments are generally not based on our
recommendations. As such, we are not providing regular and continuous
oversight or recommendations about the merits of the underlying investments
unless specifically agreed to.
Performance Measurement and Reporting
For some clients, we provide only periodic investment reporting. We provide
performance reports that consolidate client holdings and accounts held across
multiple custodians. The separate account managers or other investments
underlying the portfolio are generally not based on our recommendations.
Instead, our advice is limited to providing commentary on the client’s
consolidated asset allocation and comparing managers or mutual funds to
appropriate benchmarks and peers. Like the limited professional consulting
service described above, we are not providing regular and continuous oversight
or recommendations about the merits of the underlying investments unless
specifically agreed to.
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Limits on Types of Investments We Recommend
Clients may place reasonable restrictions on investing in certain securities or
types of securities. These restrictions, if any, are documented in the investment
policy statement.
We generally do not recommend individual stocks or bonds (other than shares of
registered or unregistered funds) or specific industry sectors. We focus on
recommending separate account managers and registered investment vehicles
such as mutual funds and exchange traded funds. These separate account- and
fund managers select individual securities within their agreed upon investment
mandate. They invest on a discretionary basis and have their own limitations on
the types of investments in which they invest. You can review the separate
account- and fund managers’ limits on the types of investments in which they
invest in their disclosure brochures or offering documents.
Although we generally do not recommend individual securities or industry
sectors, we are available to assist clients with a broad array of investments,
including options, equity and debt securities, and alternative investments.
Individual security or sector recommendations are prompted by a client’s
particular needs, such as planning for income, capital gains, estate and gift taxes,
portfolio diversification, or hedging of concentrated positions. For example, we
may recommend that a client sell, or donate to charity, a specific security for
financial or tax planning reasons. As another example, we may express an
opinion on a manager, fund, or other security that a client independently
identified or bought. Such investment advice and recommendations are often
based primarily on asset allocation or financial and tax planning considerations
and do not reflect a view as to the intrinsic merits of the specific security as an
investment unless specifically agreed to.
Item 5 – Fees and Compensation
Our Fees
Andersen’s fees are agreed upon in writing and in advance. Fees are negotiable
and can vary based upon factors such as the overall complexity of a client’s
financial affairs, the types of investments, the number of investing entities, and
the extent to which other financial and tax planning services are incorporated.
Our fees for full-service investment consulting are typically based on a percentage
of assets under advisement. Our basic asset-based fee schedule is as follows:
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ASSETS
First $10 million
Next $10 million
Next $15 million
Next $15 million
Amount over $50 million
ANNUALIZED
1.00%
0.75%
0.50%
0.35%
Negotiable
*Note: The fee percentages are applied according to each asset-
level increment. For example, an account of $25 million would
pay an annualized fee of 1% on the first $10 million, plus 0.75% on
the next $10 million, plus 0.50% on the remaining $5 million, for
an annual total of $200,000.
We calculate asset-based fees due based on the market value of the account(s) at
the close of the prior quarter. Market values are provided by the custodian, a
fund’s administrator, or our performance reporting service provider. In the case
of assets that are not priced daily, we will use the most recent prices or valuations
provided by the custodian or fund administrator. Market values include accrued
interest and dividends and other income. Should we determine to apply our own
valuation to an asset when calculating fees, we will inform you of the reason and
our valuation method. Related accounts may be aggregated when we calculate
asset-based fees in certain circumstances, such as for the members within one
household.
In an asset-based fee arrangement, our fees increase as your assets that we advise
increase. This poses a conflict of interest because we are incentivized to provide
advice or recommendations that maintain or increase the asset base upon which
we calculate our fee.
To the extent a client uses a margin investing strategy to leverage his or her
portfolio, our asset-based fee calculation will include the additional invested
assets. This poses a conflict of interest in that we have a financial incentive to
recommend leveraged investing. (This conflict does not arise when a client uses
margin loan proceeds for purposes outside of the advised accounts.)
For some clients, we charge fees on an hourly or a fixed fee basis. Hourly charges
vary depending upon the nature of the work performed, sophistication of the
services provided, and the professional level of the personnel required.
Generally, hourly charges range from $400 to $1,100 per hour.
Fees are typically applied to all investments for which we provide ongoing
financial planning, asset allocation and rebalancing, performance reporting and
portfolio monitoring services, irrespective of whether the client selected a
particular underlying asset from our list of recommended managers and funds.
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When we provide investment advice to you regarding your retirement plan
account or individual retirement account, we are fiduciaries within the meaning
of Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and/or the Internal
Revenue Code, as applicable, which are laws governing retirement accounts. The
way we make money creates some conflicts with your interests, so we operate
under a special rule that requires us to act in your best interest and not put our
interests ahead of yours.
We generally bill quarterly in advance in asset-based or fixed fee arrangements.
We bill quarterly in arrears in hourly arrangements. Clients can choose to
authorize us to automatically deduct fees due from one or more of their securities
accounts or pay for fees due upon receipt of an invoice.
Any individually negotiated fee arrangements as described in a client’s
engagement letter - including fee schedule to be used, assets to be excluded from
application of fees, householding of accounts, and treatment of large mid-billing
cycle cash flows - will supersede the foregoing fee disclosures. Either party may
terminate the investment consulting agreement without penalty upon five
business days’ written notice. If an agreement is terminated before the end of a
billing period, we will promptly refund any prepaid asset-based or fixed fees on a
pro-rata basis based upon the number of calendar days remaining in the billing
period.
Other Fees and Expenses
In addition to the fees paid to Andersen, clients will incur fees and expenses
charged by their selected separate account managers, funds and co-advisers.
Clients will incur brokerage and transaction costs and other administrative fees
from brokers, managers, or custodians (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices).
These fees and expenses may include investment management fees, fund fees and
expenses, custodial and administrative fees, commissions, sales charges, margin
interest, Unified Managed Account fees, and management and performance fees.
We do not receive any compensation from the sales of securities, and we do not
share in any fees charged by a client’s selected separate account managers, funds,
co-advisers, brokers, or custodians.
For some clients, we will collect from the clients’ accounts certain performance
reporting fees levied by our performance reporting vendors on behalf of the
vendors. We remit all these proceeds to the vendors; we do not share in these
fees.
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Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side
Management
An investment adviser charging performance-based fees to some clients but not
others faces a variety of conflicts of interest requiring disclosure. We do not
charge a performance-based fee (i.e., fees based on a share of capital gains on or
capital appreciation of assets) to any client.
Item 7 – Types of Clients
We provide investment consulting services generally to successful individuals and
families, and their related trusts, foundations, endowments, charitable
organizations, family partnerships, family-owned corporate pension and profit-
sharing plans, and other closely held entities. We also advise endowments for
not-for-profit organizations.
Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies
and Risk of Loss
Financial Planning Strategy and Risks
As described in Item 4, we formulate our investment advice based first and
foremost on each client’s individual circumstances. After considering the client’s
unique situation, we develop a strategic investment plan and target asset
allocation that seeks to achieve the rate of return necessary to achieve the client’s
financial goals without exposure to unnecessary levels of market risk.
Developing a strategic investment plan requires certain long-term assumptions,
such as future income and spending, savings rate, rate of inflation, and taxation
policies. Changes in a client’s individual situation, or external factors such as
inflation and taxation policy, may cause investment results materially different
than projected. Clients should understand that there can be no assurance that
financial goals or investment objectives will be obtained.
Portfolio Strategy and Risks
When developing a recommended asset allocation, we combine Modern Portfolio
Theory with the client’s personal investment philosophy to construct a portfolio
designed to accomplish the client’s financial goals. Portfolios are designed to
include asset classes that react differently to the same economic factors such that
relative underperformance in some asset classes is offset by relative
outperformance in other classes. We use the results from asset allocation
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software that analyzes asset class returns, volatility, and correlations to generate
a target portfolio expected to have potentially the lowest overall volatility and risk
characteristics required to achieve the projected return. The result is a portfolio
that is optimized to either enhance the expected return for a given level of risk, or
to reduce the risk assumed to achieve a target rate of return.
Portfolio optimization is based on our forward-looking assumptions as to the
expected return of various asset classes over the long term, the historical
volatility of each asset class, and the degree to which the historical returns of
different asset classes correlate with one another. There can be no assurance that
these capital market assumptions will hold true in any given performance period
or over the long term. Should one or more asset class’s historical volatility and
correlations fail to persist, or forward-looking expected return not be achieved,
actual investment results may be materially different than projected. Expected
return is statistical in nature and is not a guarantee of performance.
We define an asset class as the universe of possible investments within a given set
of broad characteristics, such as security type, capitalization, geography, etc., that
we believe has a distinguishable level of correlation to other asset classes over the
long term. Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be
prepared to bear, and all asset classes carry market and volatility risks that cause
the value of your assets to fluctuate over time. Additionally, each asset class
carries unique risks, some of which are briefly noted below:
Money Markets & Cash Equivalents – interest rate and
reinvestment rate risk; inflation risk; liquidity risk; default risk
Municipal Fixed Income – interest rate and reinvestment rate
risk; default risk; taxation policy risk; call risk; extension risk;
negative convexity risk
Taxable Fixed Income – interest rate and reinvestment rate risk;
default risk; call risk; extension risk; negative convexity risk
U.S. Equities – company risk
Small Cap Equities – company risk; liquidity risk
Non-U.S. Equities – company risk; country risk; currency rate risk
liquidity risk
Non-U.S. Fixed Income – interest rate and reinvestment rate risk;
default risk; country risk; currency rate risk; liquidity risk
Treasury Inflation Protected Debt – interest rate and reinvestment
rate risk; inflation rate risk
High Yield Debt – interest rate and reinvestment rate risk; default
risk; liquidity risk
Real Estate – liquidity risk, company risk
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Commodities – sector risk; country risk; currency rate risk;
weather risk; margin call risk
Private Equity and Hedge Funds – liquidity risk, company risk
Interval Funds – redemption gate risk, liquidity risk
Using margin accounts in your portfolio – whether for personal cash flow needs,
financial planning purposes, options investing, or investment leveraging – entails
additional risks such as margin calls, increased volatility, and forced sales. Your
custodian will provide a margin risk disclosure if you choose to open a margin
account.
Manager/Fund Selection Strategy and Risks
For most asset classes and investment styles in a recommended asset allocation,
we provide the names of at least two separate account managers to manage that
portion of your portfolio. For some clients, we recommend mutual funds or other
registered or unregistered funds in addition to or in lieu of separate account
managers.
Our method of analyzing a separate account manager or fund varies to some
extent depending on the investment strategy, portfolio mandate, vehicle for
investment, and other risk factors. In all cases, we seek to identify managers with
a proven record and who we perceive to be capable of continuing to fulfill their
investment mandate going forward. Typical areas to which we give strongest
consideration include:
(cid:120) Compelling philosophy and repeatable investment process
(cid:120) Performance record relative to benchmark and peers
(cid:120) Reputation and continuity of investment team and management
(cid:120) Assets under management and capacity for new investors
(cid:120) Discipline in managing risk
(cid:120) Transparency and willingness to work with us and you
(cid:120) Fees and other investment terms
(cid:120) Protection of your assets and mitigation of conflicts of interest
(cid:120) The current economic environment
We use outside research consultants to assist us in developing our recommended
list and performing initial and ongoing due diligence. We may also review
information provided by rating and tracking organizations, business publications
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and other sources. Our investment committee evaluates and decides which
outside research consultants we use to form our recommended list.
In some cases, a client may engage us to assist with evaluating separate account
managers, funds, or investments other than those on our recommended lists.
Similarly, a client may carry investment positions acquired separately from or
before engaging Andersen, including the underlying investment options in a
401(k) plan or variable annuity. While we may provide advice as to those
investments with respect to asset allocation, fund selection, rebalancing,
performance, and tax or financial planning, the basis for our evaluation -
including the nature of due diligence performed and ongoing monitoring - differs
from how we select managers and funds to include in our recommended lists
unless specifically agreed to.
The separate account managers and registered or unregistered funds purchase
individual securities on clients’ behalf, subjecting those assets to market,
selection, tracking error, and timing risks. Each manager has methods of
analysis, investment strategies and risks of loss that are unique to its portfolio
mandate and investment philosophy. Clients should review those characteristics
in the managers’ or funds’ own disclosure brochures or offering documents
before implementing our recommendations.
Although we regularly monitor the separate account managers and funds we
recommend, there can be no assurance that a separate account manager or fund
will provide the investment returns expected for that asset class or investment
style. To the extent a separate account manager or a registered or unregistered
fund employs a primary strategy involving frequent trading of securities, the
increased brokerage and other transaction costs and taxes can affect investment
performance.
Any risk management process described in this brochure does not imply low risk
or the ability to control certain risk factors.
Item 9 – Disciplinary Information
We are required in this item to disclose certain legal or disciplinary events that
would be material to your evaluation of our investment consulting services or the
integrity of Andersen or its management. We have no information applicable to
this item.
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Item 10 – Other Financial Industry Activities and
Affiliations
Andersen is independently owned and operated and is unaffiliated with any other
financial institution. We are not compensated by the separate account managers,
funds, co-advisers or other investments we recommend in return for
recommending them.
As a national provider of a wide range of tax, valuation, financial advisory and
related consulting services, we occasionally perform tax or other services for
financial services companies. On rare occasions these companies, or their
affiliates or subsidiaries, own or manage a separate account manager, registered
or unregistered fund, or other investment vehicle that we have recommended to
our clients. These tax-related engagements are coincidental, and each represents
less than 1% of our annual revenue. Our investment committee does not take
them into consideration when we render due diligence or approve investments to
include on our recommended list. We monitor for potentially conflicting tax
engagements and have other mechanisms in place to ensure our
recommendations are not predicated on or influenced by receipt of tax
engagements. We could in the future seek or obtain tax engagements with other
financial service providers or products that we consider or recommend.
Andersen employs David Bollis, Edwin Roberts, JeAnna Parker, and Jason
Graham in our Dallas and Houston offices. These employees are also partners of
an accounting firm licensed to practice in Texas. Andersen does not control, is
not controlled by, and is not under common control with this accounting firm,
and we do not anticipate any arrangements that would present a material conflict
of interest with our Investment Consulting Services clients.
Andersen is the founding member of Andersen Global, a Swiss verein comprised
of legally separate, independent member firms located throughout the world
providing services under their own name or the brand “Andersen” or “Andersen
Tax & Legal” or “Andersen Legal.” Andersen Global does not provide any
services and has no responsibility for any actions of the member firms, and the
member firms have no responsibility for any actions of Andersen Global or any
other member firm.
Item 11 – Code of Ethics
Andersen has adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code”) that requires all employees
to uphold the highest ethical standards and fundamental principles set forth in
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the Code, as well as the underlying policies and practices that are derived from
those principles. The Code also has provisions requiring adherence to the law,
prohibiting insider trading and misuse of material nonpublic information, and
restrictions on outside business activities, acceptance of gifts and other conflicts
of interest. The Code requires employees who have knowledge of a violation of
the Code to promptly report the matter and provides assurances against
retaliation for reporting. We will provide a copy of the Code to clients and
prospective clients upon request.
Andersen employees may use the same separate account managers or invest in
the same securities, or related securities, that we recommend to clients. To the
extent employee purchases or sales are at or about the same time as client
transactions or recommendations, an Andersen employee can potentially receive
a more favorable transaction price than the client. However, due to the nature of
the investment advice we provide, such events are coincidental. We do not
believe a material conflict of interest arises, as our recommendation of separate
account managers and registered or unregistered funds does not present an
opportunity for employees to trade ahead of market-moving client transactions.
Nonetheless, our designated access persons must report their personal securities
transactions and must get certain transactions pre-approved. We monitor access
persons’ personal securities holdings and transactions to ensure clients are not
being disadvantaged.
Subject to the restrictions above, our employees and some clients may make
investments that are not offered to other clients and may take, hold, or remove
positions inconsistent with other client positions. Due to the nature of the
investment advice we provide, we do not believe this presents a material conflict
of interest.
Item 12 – Brokerage Practices
General
Andersen does not have authority to open brokerage accounts on clients’ behalf.
We can assist clients in opening one or more brokerage accounts directly with
their chosen broker/custodian. Clients may authorize their broker/custodian to
execute trades at the direction of Andersen. Alternatively, clients may require
their written authorization to execute each trade, in which case we will assist in
preparing and delivering the client-signed trade orders.
Due to the nature of our investment consulting services, we typically do not select
brokers to execute individual securities transactions. Instead, the separate
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account- or fund managers independently select the brokers they want to execute
individual securities transactions. We generally send approved mutual fund
transactions and any individual securities transactions we occasionally
recommend to the client’s chosen broker/custodian to minimize trading costs.
Recommended Brokers/Custodians
Clients are free to implement our investment advice through a custodian and
broker of their choice. However, use of a custodian other than those we
recommend will likely limit our ability to assist in effecting or arranging
transactions, may affect the availability of funds or managers we recommend,
and will not benefit from any pricing terms that we have negotiated with our
recommended custodians. If a client requests assistance in selecting custodial
and brokerage services, we will provide the names of at least two unaffiliated
brokers. We seek to recommend brokers who will hold client assets and execute
transactions on terms that are, overall, most advantageous when compared to
other providers and their services. We consider a wide range of factors,
including:
(cid:120) Custody services (generally free of charge)
(cid:120) Capability to execute, clear, and settle trades
(cid:120) Competitiveness of the price for services (commission rates, margin rates,
interest rates, other fees, etc.) and the willingness to negotiate the prices
(cid:120) Access to institutional trading desks
(cid:120) Breadth of available investment products
(cid:120) Capability to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire
transfers, check requests, etc.)
(cid:120) Quality of services
(cid:120) Reputation, financial strength, and financial stability
(cid:120) Prior service to us and our other clients
(cid:120) Willingness to work with us and the separate account managers we
recommend
(cid:120) Access to mutual funds, including access to share classes with lower fees
than for direct retail purchases, or with lower minimum purchase
amounts
(cid:120) Provision of or connectivity to data for consolidated performance
reporting
(cid:120) Availability of investment research and tools that assist us in making
investment decisions and managing our business
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Broker Compensation
The broker/custodians we recommend generally do not charge separately for
custody services but are compensated by charging commissions or other fees on
trades that they execute or that settle into the account, earning interest on
uninvested cash or margin loans, and receiving payment for order flow on trades.
For some accounts, the client may elect to have the broker/custodian charge an
asset-based fee in lieu of commissions. We can advise whether this asset-based
pricing is appropriate.
If a client or selected separate account manager selects a different broker-dealer
to execute a trade that is settled into the client’s custodial account, our
recommended brokers charge a flat dollar amount as a “prime broker” or a “trade
away” fee. These fees are in addition to the commissions or other compensation
paid to the executing broker-dealer. In our observation, separate account
managers will typically execute the client’s trades at the client’s chosen
broker/custodian to minimize overall trading costs.
Benefits Provided by Recommended Brokers
Andersen does not share in the compensation earned by the brokers we
recommend. However, the recommended brokers/custodians have programs in
place that provide investment advisers with various support services to help
manage or administer clients’ accounts or help manage and grow business.
These support services generally are available on an unsolicited basis at no
charge to us and are not based on us giving particular investment advice, such as
recommending particular securities for our clients. Support services we receive
include:
(cid:120) Use of tools that allow us to manage and monitor your accounts online
(cid:120) Access to research, pricing, and other market data
(cid:120) Facilitating payment of our fees due from your accounts (if you have given
written authorization)
(cid:120) Assistance with recordkeeping and reporting
(cid:120) Compliance, legal, and business consulting
(cid:120) Publications and conferences on practice management
(cid:120) Educational events and occasional business entertainment
Our participation in these programs benefits our clients by providing access to
products and services that are not typically available to retail customers.
Examples include access to institutional trading desks, reduced pricing, and
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access to share classes or investment products which you might not otherwise
have access to or at a lower minimum initial investment. Some of the support
services assist us in servicing clients’ accounts, such as research and reporting.
Some of the support services generally only benefit us. These benefits are not
contingent upon Andersen committing any specific amount of business to the
recommended brokers. The support services may not benefit each client
proportionately to the commissions or other fees they have paid. Some support
services, such as research, may benefit clients who have selected a different
broker/custodian.
Although we do not cause our clients to “pay up” a higher commission to receive
any of these support services, we benefit from participating in these programs
because we do not have to produce or pay for the support services ourselves. Our
employees may benefit by receiving the same pricing and access to investments
that we have negotiated for our clients. These benefits to us represent a conflict
of interest in that we may have an incentive to recommend a broker-dealer based
on our interest in receiving the benefits, rather than on our clients’ interest in
receiving most favorable execution. However, the support services that generally
only benefit us are not a material factor in determining which brokers to
recommend. Our primary considerations are the competitive pricing and other
factors described above in the Recommended Brokers/Custodians section.
Directed Brokerage and Trade Aggregation
We do not require, request, or recommend that clients direct us to execute their
transactions though a particular broker-dealer. Should a client provide such
direction, we may not be able to achieve most favorable execution of those
transactions, which could cost more money in the form of higher commissions or
less favorable prices. Likewise, separate account managers may not be able to
achieve most favorable execution if a client directs them to use a particular
broker, unless such direction is stated “subject to best execution.”
Because we infrequently make recommendations of individual stocks and bonds,
and only based on a client’s individual circumstances and prior approval, we do
not have opportunities to aggregate various client orders. Selected separate
account managers and fund managers have the opportunity to potentially
improve pricing or reduce commissions by aggregating multiple trade orders.
Subject to their duty to seek most favorable execution, separate account
managers will often seek to minimize overall trading costs and avoid trade-away
fees by using a client’s selected broker/custodian for transactions instead of
aggregating multiple trades. We believe that the trading practices of the separate
account managers on our recommended list, combined with the low commission
rate and other services offered by our recommended brokers, are consistent with
their duty to seek most favorable execution of your trades. Each separate account
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manager’s brokerage practices and potential conflicts of interest are disclosed in
its disclosure brochure.
Item 13 – Review of Accounts
Portfolio Reviews
The exact frequency and process by which we review a client’s portfolio depends
upon the nature and terms of each specific engagement. In a typical full-service
investment consulting engagement as described in Item 4, a team of qualified
investment consultants led by a Managing Director reviews the portfolio and
monitors whether it remains in line with the investment policy statement and
strategic investment plan and whether performance is on target to meet the
client’s financial goals. Specific reviews generally include comparing selected
separate account managers or funds to relevant benchmarks and peer groups,
comparing actual asset allocation to target allocation, analyzing the portfolio’s
estimated annual income and current yield, and reviewing realized and
unrealized gains and losses.
We conduct reviews and may make recommendations due to changes in market
or economic conditions, changes in anticipated or actual cash flow needs,
deposits or withdrawals of assets, tax planning opportunities, changes in your
investment objectives, or changes in our model portfolio strategies.
We monitor the separate account managers and funds on our recommended list
as described in Item 8. When material events (e.g., changes in key personnel,
investment style, etc.) or performance lead us to an unfavorable opinion of a
previously recommended separate account manager or fund, we review each
affected portfolio and make appropriate recommendations.
We meet with clients periodically to review the performance of the portfolio and
of each separate account manager or fund selected, and to discuss whether the
client’s financial situation or investment objectives require changes to the
investment policy statement and strategic investment plan.
Performance Reports
In a typical full-service investment consulting or performance reporting
engagement, we prepare a performance report that consolidates all investments,
calculates quarterly, year-to-date, and long-term investment performance,
compares the current allocation to the target allocation, and compares the
performance of each of the selected separate account managers and funds to their
respective benchmarks. Some performance reports also compare against
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manager peer groups. The performance reports may also discuss recent market
and economic activity, market outlook, and material events specific to the
selected separate account managers and funds. We retain outside consultants to
assist in preparing these reports. The type and frequency of written reports we
provide to clients depend on the nature and terms of each specific engagement.
Clients may prefer to receive these reports at our meetings, quarterly, and/or as
otherwise agreed upon.
Item 14 – Client Referrals and Other Compensation
From time to time, we receive client referrals from and refer clients to outside
professionals as client needs dictate. We do not pay or receive any
compensation for such referrals. Should a client need tax or other services in a
foreign jurisdiction, we may refer the client to an appropriate member firm of
Andersen Global.
We do not receive any compensation from any third parties for providing
investment consulting services to our clients, including commissions, fees, or
sales awards or other prizes. We receive an economic benefit from the
broker/custodians we recommend in the form of support services made available
to us as described in Item 12.
We may occasionally receive an economic benefit in the form of sponsorship to
educational conferences or business entertainment from certain providers,
including the separate account managers or funds we recommend. Such benefits
are subject to our gifts and entertainment policy and are monitored to ensure
they are not of such value or frequency as to compromise our duty to place our
clients’ interests first.
Item 15 – Custody
We do not maintain custody of the assets on which we advise. Client assets must
be maintained in an account at a qualified custodian, generally a broker-dealer or
bank. A limited number of our clients have selected an Andersen employee to be
trustee for an advised trust account. Although the trusts’ assets are maintained at
a qualified custodian, we are considered to have custody of those assets due to the
employee’s status as trustee. In addition to our own internal controls, we
annually engage a PCAOB-registered independent auditor to conduct a surprise
asset examination to verify these assets. We are also deemed to have custody of
your assets if you have authorized us to deduct our fees from your account, or if
you have established a standing letter of authorization with your custodian to
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accept instructions from us to transfer assets between certain of your designated
accounts or to disburse funds to designated third parties, such as your bank.
Clients receive account statements directly from their selected custodian at least
quarterly. We urge clients to carefully review these statements and compare
them to the performance reports that we may provide. Our performance reports
or other statements may vary slightly from the custodial statements, usually due
to different data sources or differences in accounting for accrued interest and
dividends, corporate actions, or reporting dates.
Item 16 – Investment Discretion
As non-discretionary investment consultants, we arrange for execution of
investment recommendations or other transactional activity only after receiving
client approval. We do not accept discretionary authority to manage securities
accounts.
Item 17 – Voting Client Securities
We do not vote on securities on clients’ behalf. The selected separate account-
and fund managers typically receive the proxy solicitations for clients’ shares and
retain responsibility for voting on them. Clients may also receive proxy materials
and other actionable corporate communications directly.
Item 18 – Financial Information
We are required in this item to disclose certain information about our financial
condition when applicable. Andersen has no financial commitment that impairs
our ability to meet contractual and fiduciary commitments to clients and has not
been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
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