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Item 1. Cover Page
Form ADV, Part 2A
DISCLOSURE BROCHURE
March 2025
Colter Lewis Investment Partners LLC
22 West Putnam Avenue
Second Floor
Greenwich, CT
203‐987‐3090
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Colter
Lewis Investment Partners LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure,
please contact us at 203‐987‐3090. The information in this brochure has not been approved
or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state
securities authority.
Colter Lewis is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. Registration with the SEC
simply means that Colter Lewis is authorized to provide investment advisory services and does
not imply a certain level of skill or training.
Additional information about Colter Lewis is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Colter Lewis Investment Partners LLC
Date: March 2025
Item 2. Material Changes
There are no material changes to the Brochure since our last annual filing in March 2024.
You may request a copy of our current Brochure at any time, which will be provided to you
free of charge. If you would like to request a copy of our current Brochure, please contact
the Compliance Department at the number listed on the cover page of this Brochure.
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Item 3. Table of Contents
Item 1. Cover Page .................................................................................................................................................. 1
Item 2. Material Changes ...................................................................................................................................... 2
Item 3. Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Item 4. Advisory Business ................................................................................................................................... 4
Item 5. Fees and Compensation ........................................................................................................................ 5
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees ...................................................................................................................... 7
Item 7. Types of Clients ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss .............................................. 9
Item 9. Disciplinary Information ................................................................................................................... 15
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ............................................................ 16
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
....................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Item 12. Brokerage Practices .......................................................................................................................... 19
Item 13. Review of Accounts ........................................................................................................................... 22
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation ............................................................................... 23
Item 15. Custody ................................................................................................................................................... 24
Item 16. Investment Discretion ...................................................................................................................... 25
Item 17. Voting Client Securities ................................................................................................................... 26
Item 18. Financial Information ....................................................................................................................... 27
Other Conflicts, Risks and Mitigation............................................................................................................ 28
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Item 4. Advisory Business
A. The Firm and Principal Owners
Colter Lewis Investment Partners LLC (“Colter Lewis” or the “Firm”) provides investment
advisory services primarily to ultra-high net worth individuals and families, family offices,
pension plans. The Firm was founded in 2018. The principal owners of the Firm are Perry
Hoffmeister and Jeffrey Weiss. Mr. Hoffmeister and Mr. Weiss each own 50% of the Firm.
B. Types of Services Offered
We provide investment management services to clients both on a discretionary and non-
discretionary basis.
For many clients, both discretionary and non-discretionary, we construct or recommend, as
applicable, diversified portfolios comprised of the major asset classes (e.g., equities, fixed
income, private capital funds, hedge funds, real estate investments, commodities and cash
equivalents) utilizing an active asset allocation approach (“Full Service Mandates”). For
other accounts, we will enter into non-discretionary “Advisory Mandates” for the purpose
of assisting those clients with the selection of particular types of investments, typically
“alternative investments” which include private capital funds such as private debt and
private equity, as well as direct private investments.
From time to time, we may form pooled investment vehicles when we have identified a
particular investment, which could include, among others, operating companies and real
estate investments.
The actual investment strategies and processes employed by the Firm, as well as associated
risks are discussed in detail in Item 8 below.
C. Level of Service Offered
For Full-Service Mandates, we provide both discretionary and non-discretionary
investment management services. Generally, for discretionary Full-Service Mandate
accounts, we create an investment profile for the client that defines the client’s objectives
and risk profile. Based upon the investment profile, we implement and manage the
portfolio based upon the client's objectives. We also monitor the portfolio and make
recommendations to modify the portfolio if required. We also provide services, such as
account aggregation, assistance with the completion of third-party subscription documents
and assistance in financial planning, For Advisory Mandate clients, we provide the client
with specific investment opportunities and the client makes the investment decisions. In
both types of mandates, clients are permitted to impose restrictions on investing in certain
securities or types of securities.
D. Portfolio Management Services to Wrap Fee Programs
We do not provide portfolio management services to wrap fee programs.
E. Assets Under Management
As of February 28, 2025, the Firm managed approximately $2.32bn overall, of which
$0.49bn is managed on a discretionary basis and $1.83bn on a non-discretionary basis.
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Item 5. Fees and Compensation
A. Fees and Compensation
Management Fee
Our fees for providing investment advisory services are generally based on a percentage of
assets under management. Fees for Full-Service Mandates and Advisory Mandates will
range from 0.25% to 1.50%. Fees will be determined based on complexity, assets under
management and other factors related to the portfolio and particular client. In certain
limited situations, clients will be charged fixed fees, including, for certain Advisory
Mandates as described in Item 4 above. We may also charge account opening fees, which
will be based on various factors, as described in more detail in the specific investment
management agreement for each client.
Fees are negotiable, at our discretion, on a case-by-case basis.
For the Fund we advise, we charge no management fee. As noted in Item 10 below, in
certain instances, we will act as a joint venture partner in private investments and, as a
result, could earn a portion of the income earned by such investments.
Method of Payment
One fourth of the annual management fee is paid quarterly in advance or in arrears as
agreed upon with the individual client. Account opening fees, as described above are
payable at the outset of the Advisory Mandate. Fees are calculated as set forth in each client
advisory agreement. Fees are invoiced to clients.
Performance Fees
The Firm, an affiliate of the Firm or its Managing Members are permitted to charge a
performance fee based on certain agreed upon performance metrics of the Fund.
Information regarding such fees, including the payment terms, is outlined in the
investment management agreements and organization documents of the Fund. In addition,
as noted in Item 10 below, in certain instances, we will act as a joint venture partner in
private investments and, as a result, could earn performance-based fees on such
investments.
Other Fees and Expenses
Fees Charged to Clients in Addition to the Fees Listed Above:
1. Brokerage Commissions by Third-Parties and Other Transaction and Third-Party
Fees: Clients will pay all brokerage commissions, custodial fees and service charges,
stock transfer fees and other similar charges incurred in connection with transactions
for the client’s account. In addition, the client may be subject to:
a. Wire transfer and electronic fund fees;
b. Fees for odd-lot differentials;
c. Retirement plan fees, as applicable;
d. Other fees and taxes related to brokerage accounts; and
e. Other charges required by law.
These charges will be invoiced to the clients or paid out of the client’s assets held with
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the custodian and are in addition to the investment advisory fee paid to us.
For investments in mutual funds and exchange traded funds, clients incur additional
charges imposed by third-parties, including, but not limited to, the following:
a. Mutual fund sales fees and sub transfer fees;
b. Internal management fees and administrative expenses for mutual funds and
exchange traded funds that are disclosed in the fund prospectus; and
c. Mutual fund transaction fees and mutual fund short term redemption fees, if
applicable.
2. Third Party Fund Investments: Clients invested in third party managed pooled
investment vehicles ("Third-Party Private Funds") can expect to be charged
management fees and sometimes also performance fees as well as certain
administrative expenses by the Third-Party Private Fund manager. All of these fees
are in addition to the fees disclosed above. Fund management fees charged by Third
Party Private Fund managers generally range from 0.5% to 3% annually, as applicable.
Depending on the terms of each Third-Party Private Fund, performance fees typically
range from 5% to 35% of the annual net profits, subject to certain limitations. All fees
and administrative expenses are disclosed in the offering documents that clients
receive for each Third-Party Fund. In addition, each Third-Party Private Fund requires
clients to meet specific qualifications in order to invest. Other than as noted in Items 5
and 10, we do not share in the fees earned by Third-Party Fund managers.
B. Prepayment of Fees
All management fees are paid quarterly in advance. Clients may request a pro-rata refund
of pre-paid fees if they terminate their investment management agreement prior to the end
of the billing period.
C. Other Compensation
We and our supervised persons do not accept any compensation for the sale of securities or
other investment products.
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Item 6. Performance‐Based Fees
As discussed above, the Firm or a related party may charge performance fees based on
agreed upon performance metrics of the Fund we advise.
Conflicts
The fact that the Firm or a related party is compensated based on the performance of
certain Firm investments creates an apparent incentive for the Firm to make investments
on behalf of clients that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case in the
absence of such compensation. In addition, clients of the Firm have been solicited to invest
in the Fund and the Firm had an apparent incentive to direct those clients to the Fund
investment because of the more attractive fee structure, when an alternative investment
may have been available. For further information, please refer to Item 10 Section D below.
Conflict Mitigation
1. Colter Lewis discloses to all clients the potential conflicts described above.
2. Colter Lewis portfolio managers are mindful of the investment objectives of client
accounts and will monitor compliance with investment and risk management
guidelines implemented by the Firm.
3. Colter Lewis has adopted policies and procedures that require employees to act in
the best interest of clients at all times.
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Item 7. Types of Clients
We provide investment advisory services to ultra-high net worth and high net worth
individuals and families, family offices, pension plans and endowments. Our normal
minimum client net worth is $25mm. At the discretion of our Managing Members, the
minimum net worth requirement may be waived.
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Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of
Loss
A. Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
Our investment strategies and decisions are rooted in the principle of risk and return. We
seek investments which present an attractive return for a given level of risk. Our portfolios
typically include capital preservation as well as capital growth strategies.
Prior to constructing a portfolio, we meet with each client in order to assess their:
Risk/return appetite
Investment horizon
Level of sophistication with regard to financial products
Tolerance of potential investment drawdowns
Tax status
Personal situation including concentrated or restricted holdings, estate and next
generation planning, lifestyle needs and charitable interests.
For discretionary accounts, based on this knowledge, we decide with the client on a
customized investment plan that reflects their needs and wishes but is also detailed and
formal. This plan is written up as a customized Investment Policy Statement (“IPS”). The
IPS also takes into account the allocation of a client’s assets, if any, which are not placed
under Colter Lewis’ management.
An IPS will typically include a recommended asset allocation. Once determined, Colter
Lewis will begin to implement the plan by investing in selected managers and funds. Often,
the principals of Colter Lewis will have already invested personally with recommended
private fund managers. Before selecting particular investments, we undertake a due
diligence process which varies based on manager, investment type and size and has both
quantitative and qualitative elements. Depending on the type of security or product, the
factors analyzed could include the following:
1. Quantitative factors
A. Past performance, both absolute and relative
B. Fees
C. Tenure of managers
D. Historical risk attributes
2. Qualitative and operational factors
A. Interviews with managers or executives
B. Investment selection
C. Adherence to strategy
D. Due diligence reports and other relevant information
On an ongoing basis, we monitor the components of a discretionary client’s portfolio to
ensure that it is consistent with their IPS and performing as anticipated. We dynamically
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manage each portfolio by taking into account any relevant macro and micro data that we
believe may impact the performance or risk profile. Depending on our review of new data
and the overall market environment, we may adjust the portfolio as appropriate.
Clients have real-time electronic access to view their portfolios. In addition, we keep them
informed of the portfolio’s performance and risk, as well as any changes made to its
composition, on a regular basis.
B. Material Risks Associated with Investment Strategies
Investing in securities and funds involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to
bear.
There is no assurance that we will be able to achieve our client’s investment objectives.
This depends, to a great extent, upon our ability to correctly assess the investment
capabilities of the managers we select and their ability to predict the future course of price
movements of securities. Such movements will be affected by general economic conditions
that impact the level and volatility of asset prices, as well as the liquidity of the markets and
other factors
The success of our process is significantly dependent upon the expertise of our Managing
Members and the rest of Colter Lewis’ staff. While the loss of a team member may result in
some temporary interruption of services, we believe that we have the redundancy and
depth of staff to ensure that all client portfolios would continue to be efficiently monitored.
C. Material Risks Associated with Certain Securities
Risks in General
All investments in securities have certain risks, including the following:
Market risk – The price of a security may drop in reaction to tangible and/or
intangible events and conditions. This type of risk is caused by external factors
independent of the security’s particular underlying circumstances. For example,
political, economic, and social conditions may trigger market events.
Credit risk - Debt securities are also subject to credit risk, which is the possibility
that the credit strength of an issuer will weaken, and/or such issuer will fail to
make timely payments of principal or interest, resulting in the security going
into default.
Liquidity risk – Liquidity is the relative ability to convert a security into cash.
Certain investments in clients’ portfolios may be inherently less liquid than
others.
Volatility risk - A measure of the uncertainty or risk in the future price of an
asset. Typically, volatility is measured by the standard deviation or variance
of returns on the asset.
Inflation risk – The risk that the rate of inflation (the decline in the purchasing
power of a dollar) will exceed the rate of return on investment.
Event risk: This risk is very difficult to predict because it may involve a wide
range of different situations, such as natural disasters (for example, earthquakes
or hurricanes), political or social unrest, regulatory changes, etc.
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Business risk – This is a risk associated with a particular industry or a particular
company within an industry.
Financial risk – Excessive borrowing to finance a business’s operations may
impact the profitability of a company because its obligations to meet its debt
payments are irrespective of the success of the business at any specific point in
time.
Fraud risk - Beyond normal financial risks listed above, any investment can be
affected by fraud.
Currency risk – Foreign investments are subject to fluctuations in the value of
the dollar against the currency of the investment’s originating country. Also
referred to as exchange rate risk.
Foreign investment risk - Investments in securities issued by entities outside of
the United States may be subject to the risks described above to a greater extent.
Foreign investments may also be affected by currency controls; different
accounting, auditing, financial reporting and disclosure, as well as regulatory and
legal standards and practices; expropriation; changes in tax policy; different
securities market structures; higher transaction costs; and various
administrative difficulties, such as delays in clearing and settling portfolio
transactions or receiving payment of dividends. These risks may be heightened
in emerging countries.
Specific Risks Associated with Particular Securities are Outlined Below:
1. Mutual Funds or Investment Strategies Managed by Third Parties: We invest client
funds in mutual funds, some of which are highly specialized. Below are some general
risks associated with mutual funds:
a. Manager risk is the risk that poor security selection or focus on securities in a
particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the mutual fund or
other managed portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds
with a similar investment objective.
b. Non-diversification risk is the risk that a managed portfolio’s performance may
be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks or
even a single stock. Certain funds or portfolios may be non-diversified, which
means that they may invest a greater percentage of their assets in the securities
of a small number of issuers as compared with other mutual funds.
For a description of the risks associated with particular managed portfolios, it is
important to read the individual prospectuses or other relevant documents related to
those investments.
2. Third Party Fund Investments: We could recommend Third Party Funds to our
clients, such as private capital funds or hedge funds. Such investments contain certain
risks in addition to those named above in reference to mutual funds. They are outlined
as follows:
a. Liquidity: Partnership and LLC member interests are not easily transferable,
even on the secondary market, and are subject to redemption limitations.
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b. Transparency: Advisers to Third Party Funds may not provide detailed
information on their portfolio positions, and, therefore, clients may not be able
to objectively assess the risk of the underlying fund investments.
c. Reliance on Key Personnel: Most fund advisors have a small number of key
people who make the important investment decisions. Should any of those
persons end their association with the fund, the ability to achieve good
performance may be impaired.
d. Similar Funds: Investment managers often advise other similar funds and,
depending on the fee structures for those funds, may allocate certain limited
investment opportunities to higher fee funds.
e. Valuation: Certain funds own hard to value assets. Investment managers
generally have discretion to value those assets and have an incentive to assign a
higher value to those assets as their fees are tied to such valuations. We often
mitigate this conflict by usually requiring that Third Party Funds we select for
our clients be independently audited.
f. Leverage: Certain funds use leverage (borrow funds from banks and brokers) to
increase their securities holdings. The use of leverage will magnify both gains
and losses.
More specific risks associated with a Fund are often outlined in the fund’s offering
memorandum.
3. Funds (Managed by the Firm or its affiliates):
Investing in securities involves a risk of loss that Investors should be prepared to bear.
The following is a summary of certain material risks associated with Colter Lewis’s
Fund investment strategies. As a summary, it is inherently incomplete and does not
attempt to describe all the risks associated with those strategies. More information
regarding the risks associated with these investments are available in the offering
documents for the Fund.
Lack of Diversification
It is the intention of Colter Lewis to advise Funds which could each hold a single
investment. As such, the investment strategy will likely not be diversified among
sectors, industries, geographic areas or types of securities. In addition, those Funds will
not be diversified among a wide range of issuers. Accordingly, the Funds may be
subject to more rapid change in value than would be the case if they were required to
maintain a wide diversification among companies or industry groups.
a. Dependence on Key Personnel
The success of the Funds depends in substantial part on the skill and expertise of
the investment professionals of Colter Lewis. There can be no assurance that the
investment professionals will continue to be employed by the Firm throughout
the life of the Funds. The loss of key personnel could have a material adverse
effect on an investment vehicle.
b. Lack of Liquidity
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Due to the nature of investments made by the Funds there may not be a readily
available liquidity mechanism at any particular time. As such, Investors should
be aware that there may be limited opportunities for redemption during the
term of the investment.
4. Exchange Traded Funds ("ETFs"):
ETFs are typically registered investment companies whose shares represent an interest
in a portfolio of securities that track an underlying benchmark or index. (Some ETFs
that invest in commodities, currencies, or commodity or currency-based instruments
are not registered as investment companies.) Unlike traditional mutual funds, shares of
ETFs typically trade throughout the day on a securities exchange at prices established
by the market. While investing in ETFs may create similar risks to those of mutual funds
(because ETF shares are traded on an exchange), they are also subject to additional
risks that include the following:
a. Valuation Risk. ETFs are listed for trading on exchanges and can be bought and
sold on the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the
market price of an ETF share typically will approximate its net asset value
("NAV"), there may be times when the market price and the NAV vary
significantly. Thus, you may pay more or less than NAV when you buy an ETF
share, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares.
b. Liquidity Risk. Although ETF shares are listed for trading on exchanges, it is
possible that they may not maintain an active trading market. In addition,
trading of ETF shares on an exchange may be halted by the activation of
individual or market-wide “circuit breakers” (that halt trading for a specific
period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices
decline by a specified percentage). Trading of ETF shares may also be halted if:
(1) the shares are delisted from the exchange where they are trading without
first being listed on another exchange; or (2) exchange officials determine that
such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or to
protect investors.
5. Fixed Income Products:
We invest a significant amount of client assets in fixed income products. Below are
certain risks associated with fixed income products that are not disclosed above:
a. Interest rate risk – Fluctuations in interest rates can cause fixed income asset
prices to fluctuate. For example, when interest rates rise, yields on existing
bonds become less attractive, causing their market value to decrease.
b. Downgrade Risk: The financial soundness of an issuer (borrower) is often
measured by a credit rating agency such as Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s or Fitch.
The rating agencies attempt to measure the ability of an issuer to make the
interest and principal payments on their debt. Typically, the higher the issuer’s
credit rating the lower the expected investment return will be. A downgrade of a
particular issuer’s credit rating may result in a decrease in value of its existing
bonds.
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c. Credit Risk: This is the risk of loss for a bondholder as a result of a default of the
issuer. A default occurs when an issuer fails to make an interest and/or principal
payment on their debt.
6. Private Capital Investments: The Firm may invest in real estate or other private
capital assets through partnerships and LLCs. Aside from the fact that partnership and
LLC member interests are not easily transferable, even on the secondary market, and
could be subject to redemption limitations, the underlying investment will generally be
inherently illiquid. The liquidity needs of the client may occur at a time when the
market is in a downward cycle and disposition of the investment to meet the client’s
need for liquidity would be unavailable or inopportune.
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Item 9. Disciplinary Information
We have no legal or disciplinary events.
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Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
A. Broker‐Dealer Affiliations
Neither we nor our management persons are registered or have applications pending to
register as a broker-dealer or registered representatives of a broker-dealer.
B. Commodity Affiliations
Neither we nor our management persons are registered or have applications pending to
register as a futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, commodity trading
adviser, or an associated person of these entities.
C. Recommendation of Selection of Other Investment Advisers
As stated above, we often select unrelated investment advisers and pooled investment
vehicles as investments for our clients. In certain instances, we will act as a joint venture
partner in certain third-party pooled vehicles in consideration of services we provide to the
sponsors of such investments. Such profit interests could result in our receipt of
distributions, carried interests or performance fees in those real estate entities. In addition,
we could receive a portion of the investment management fee charged by the sponsors of
those entities. Such fees earned would be in addition to the management fee earned by us
pursuant to our investment management agreement with our clients. Because there are
additional management fees, as well as other potential fees and distributions earned by us
for directing client funds such investments, there exists a conflict in that we are
incentivized to direct client investments in such a manner. We address this conflict by
analyzing the suitability of an investment for clients without regard to whether we earn
additional compensation for the transaction.
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Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client
Transactions and Personal Trading
A. Summary of Code of Ethics
We maintain a Code of Ethics (the "Code") that describes our fiduciary duty to our clients
and sets standards for business conduct. The following is a summary of the key provisions
of the Code:
Scope ‐ The Code covers all directors, officers, partners, employees, and any other persons
who are under our supervision and control.
Fiduciary Duties ‐ The Code is based on the principle that we and our employees owe a
fiduciary duty to our clients. Accordingly, we and our employees must avoid activities, and
relationships that might interfere or appear to interfere with our making decisions in the
best interests of our clients.
Personal Securities Trading - All employees are subject to certain trading restrictions. In
addition, all employees must report their personal securities transactions quarterly and
personal securities holdings annually.
Code of Conduct - The Code contains specific topics designed to reflect our commitment to
ethical conduct. These topics include compliance with legal and regulatory requirements,
gifts, outside activities, entertainment and board directorships. We also maintain separate
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures.
Code Violations ‐ The Code requires that all employees report any actual or apparent
violation of the Code and provides for a prohibition on retaliation against any person who
reports such violations. Appropriate sanctions are included for Code violations.
You can receive a copy of our Code by contacting our Compliance Department at 203-987-
3090.
B. Transactions with Related Parties
As discussed above, the Firm may form Funds in which the Firm or its affiliate will act as
managing member or in a similar capacity. Clients of the Firm may be solicited to invest in
such vehicles. In addition, as noted in Item 10.C. above, in certain instances, we will act as a
joint venture partner in certain third-party pooled vehicles in consideration of services we
provide to the sponsors of such investments. Such ownership interests could result in our
receipt of a management fee, and a carried interest or performance fee upon liquidity
events in those entities. Such fees earned would be in addition to the management fee
earned by us pursuant to our investment management agreement with our clients. The
selection of investments on behalf of our clients are made in the best interests of our
clients, irrespective of any additional compensation we may receive. For more information,
please refer to Item 10.C. above.
C. Investing in the Same Securities as Clients
We permit our employees to trade in the same securities as those held by clients. Potential
conflicts arise when employees buy or sell the same securities we buy or sell for clients. For
instance, if employees have knowledge of pending client trades that could impact the
market price of a security, they could time their transactions so as to receive a better price
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than that of the clients. Our policy is, with the exception of open-end mutual funds, to
closely monitor employee personal trading to ensure that such employees do not profit at
the expense of clients.
Generally, the Firm requires that employees obtain pre-clearance before directly or
indirectly acquiring a beneficial ownership in private placements and Initial Public
Offerings. Aside from trades in their status as our clients, employees are not permitted to
participate in aggregated trades with client accounts.
For additional information on aggregation of trades see Item 12(B).
D. Employees Trading in the Same Securities as Clients at the Same Time
See 11(C) above and the section on Aggregation in Item 12 below.
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Item 12. Brokerage Practices
Factors in Broker Selection
Brokerage transactions are generally executed through a broker/custodian recommended
or selected by the Firm.
We generally recommend that Full-Service clients designate certain custodians
(“Recommended Custodians”) to act as the custodian for their accounts. Clients enter into
agreements directly with the custodian to open their account.
In recommending the Recommended Custodians to act as custodian for Full-Service clients
we considered a wide range of factors, including, among others:
Financial strength, integrity, security and stability;
Responsiveness;
Breadth of available investment products (mutual funds and ETFs);
Availability of research, pricing services and other market data;
Quality of their trading and execution services and,
Competitiveness of the fees based upon the quality of service .
Regarding our Recommended Custodians, we seek to negotiate competitive rates for our
clients. However, the transaction fees charged by our Recommended Custodians may be
higher or lower than those charged by other custodians and broker-dealers for the same
services.
From time-to-time clients will direct the Firm to execute trades on their behalf through a
broker/custodian selected by the client. This practice is known as “Client Directed
Brokerage.” Clients could pay more for trade execution than they would if they did not have
direct brokerage arrangements because of the Firm’s inability to negotiate commission
rates and evaluate the execution quality of such brokers.
Also, the fact that the Firm may not be able to aggregate orders for Client Directed
Brokerage accounts could result in less favorable execution and/or commissions for such
accounts.
Products and Services Available to Us from Broker/Custodian
Our Recommended Custodians provide us and our clients with services and benefits that
are generally not available to their retail customers. Some of these services help us manage
or administer clients’ accounts, while others help us manage and grow our business. These
support services are generally, but not always, available to us whether we request them or
not.
Among the services provided by our Recommended Custodians that may directly benefit
certain clients are: (i) execution and settlement services; (ii) broad range of investment
products; (iii) custody of client assets; (iv) trusts and estates advice (v) retail banking
services (vi) a dedicated service team and (vi) availability of certain investment products
that are not available to retail accounts.
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Certain services provided by our Recommended Custodians could benefit us but may not
directly benefit clients. These services assist us in managing client accounts. They include,
but are not limited to:
• Research, pricing services and other market data;
• Ability to electronically download client trades, balances and positions and
input them into our portfolio record keeping systems;
• Use of trading software to facilitate trade execution and aggregate orders for
multiple client accounts;
• Ability to pay our fees directly from client accounts; and,
•
Provide access to client account data, such as confirmations and statements.
Other services that are made available by our Recommended Custodians generally benefit
only us. These services may include but are not limited to: (i) consulting on technology,
compliance, legal and business needs; (ii) educational conferences and; (iii) publications
and conferences on practice management. These services may be provided by our
Recommended Custodian or by a third-party vendor. Our Recommended Custodian could
waive its fees for some of these services or pay all or part of the fees of a third-party
vendor. Other benefits, such as business entertainment, could be provided to our personnel
from time to time.
Potential Conflicts of Interest Arising from Broker/Custodian Arrangements
The products and services made available to us through our Recommended Custodians
may directly benefit us to the extent that we would have to produce or pay for such
products and services.
We examine this potential conflict of interest on an ongoing basis. We believe that our
selection of our Recommended Custodians is in the best interests of our clients. Our
selection is primarily based upon the quality and price of the services provided that benefit
our clients and not on those services that benefit only us.
Soft Dollar Benefits
Although we receive certain benefits discussed above from our Recommended
Custodians, we do not receive benefits for directing specific client trades to our
Recommended Custodians. Please refer to Selection of Broker/Custodian for a
discussion of our practices regarding trade execution.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
We do not select or recommend brokers or direct client transactions to brokers based
upon whether we receive client referrals from such brokers.
Aggregating the Purchase and Sale of Securities for Client Accounts and Limited
Investment Opportunities
Where practicable, we will aggregate orders for the sale and purchase of equity
securities and fixed income securities for our clients. For aggregated trades that are
fully executed, each client will receive the number of shares originally intended for his
or her account. In the event trades are partially executed, clients will receive a pro-
rated allocation. An aggregated order for the remaining shares will be entered on the
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next trading day. For aggregated orders that are executed in more than one
transaction, the client’s portion of such order is the average of the prices at which all of
such transactions were executed for each day. The average price may be greater or less
than the price the client would receive if the trade was made separately for such client.
All transaction costs for aggregated orders will be shared on a pro-rata basis based on
each client’s participation in the transaction.
Employee-owned accounts we manage could be included in aggregated orders. We
prohibit favoring any account, including employee managed accounts, over any other
account. We maintain a record of the aggregated order that includes each participating
account and its allocation that we complete prior to entering the aggregated order.
Orders are allocated consistent with our initial allocation.
If practicable, orders for discretionary and non-discretionary Full Service Mandates will be
aggregated. However, because of the time necessary to obtain approval from non-
discretionary clients, orders from such accounts may not be aggregated with the trades of
discretionary mandates. Further, if practicable, orders for Full Service and Advisory
Mandates will also be aggregated. Our inability to aggregate trades for Advisory Mandates
with those of Full Service Mandates may result in less favorable prices for the Advisory
Mandates.
Certain investment opportunities are limited in nature so that there is insufficient
availability for all clients for whom the investment may be suitable. Because differing
factors affect the desirability and timing of particular investments for us and our clients,
certain investment opportunities could be made for or recommended to certain clients and
not others. Our decision, made at our sole discretion, to recommend or to invest in any
investment opportunity, is made with the commitment to act in a fair and equitable manner
on behalf of all our clients.
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Item 13. Review of Accounts
A. Periodic Review of Client Accounts
Generally, Full Service client account reviews occur quarterly, but in certain circumstances
may be more or less frequent. Advisory Mandate accounts are reviewed as appropriate,
generally determined by the nature of investments made on behalf of the particular client
account.
Review of Client Accounts on Other than Periodic Basis
Factors that may cause our personnel to review a client's account more frequently include:
Volatile market periods;
Changes in client objectives; and
Client request.
B. Content and Frequency of Client Reports
We provide Discretionary Mandate clients with written portfolio evaluations of their
accounts at regularly scheduled review meetings. Clients receive monthly or quarterly
custodial statements. Clients have online access to client reporting through our reporting
software vendor.
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Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
A. Economic Benefits from Third Parties
Other than as noted in Item 10(C) above, we do not receive any economic benefit from any
third party for providing investment advisory services. Please refer to Item 12 for services
received from Recommended Custodians.
B. Compensation to Third Parties for Referrals
We do not currently have arrangements with third parties where we pay third parties a
percentage of our fee for soliciting clients.
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Item 15. Custody
We currently do not maintain physical custody of any client assets.
As appropriate, when we form and advise a Fund, we are deemed to have custody and will
obtain financial audits of the Funds in compliance with the Custody Rule.
All of our clients receive monthly or quarterly account statements directly from their
custodians. We urge clients to read these statements carefully.
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Item 16. Investment Discretion
We accept discretionary authority to manage investment portfolios on behalf of
discretionary mandate clients. We give those clients the opportunity to place restrictions
and limitations on this authority. Since all portfolios are customized to the needs of the
specific client, these restrictions will vary. The investment policy statements created for the
clients clearly describe any limitations clients may impose.
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Item 17. Voting Client Securities
A. Proxy Voting Authority
Unless otherwise specifically agreed, we will not vote proxies, nor render any advice with
respect to the voting of proxies in connection with our Full-Service clients. The language in
the Firm’s investment management agreements reflects this policy.
As noted above, the Firm may form Funds which invest in securities for which proxies are
solicited. The Firm will vote proxies for those Fund investments.
Votes on behalf of partners in limited partnerships will be reviewed on an individual basis.
The Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) has overall responsibility for voting in an impartial
manner and in the best interests of the Firm’s clients.
Should a vote be deemed to present a material conflict of interest, such as a conflict
between the interests of the client on the one hand and those of the Firm on the other hand,
then the matter is subject to resolution by notifying clients and receiving their consent
prior to voting.
The Firm is required, upon written request, to provide clients proxy voting policies and
procedures, as well as the results of Firm voting.
B. Client Voting of Proxies
Other than the partnership and Fund voting policy referenced above, our clients will
receive proxies or other solicitations directly from their custodian or transfer agent for
individual securities we purchase on their behalf. The managers of Third-Party Funds in
which clients invest vote proxies for investments made by those Third-Party Funds.
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Item 18. Financial Information
A. Solicitation or prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees
We do not require, nor do we solicit, prepayment of more than $1,200.00 in fees per client,
six months or more in advance. Therefore, we have not included a balance sheet for our
most recent fiscal year.
B. Financial Condition Disclosure
Although we do have discretionary authority over certain client accounts, we do not have
any financial condition to disclose that is likely to impair our ability to meet our contractual
commitments to clients.
C. Other Financial Disclosures
We have never been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
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Other Conflicts, Risks and Mitigation
Valuation
We have a duty to ensure that client portfolios are valued properly.
There is a conflict of interest for us because the compensation we earn on advisory
accounts is based on assets under management, so if we were to assign a higher value to
client portfolios, the fees we collect would be higher. We address this conflict as follows:
1. For securities with a readily verifiable market price, we rely on pricing provided
by third party custodians. Our Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO") reviews and
approves the pricing policies of the custodians.
2. For other securities, we have procedures in place to value certain securities that
are not valued independently.
Trade Errors
The Firm has developed trade error procedures whereby clients are reimbursed for all
losses attributed to trade errors. All gains resulting from trade errors will remain in client
accounts.
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