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Item 1. Cover Page
Castle Rock Advisors LLC
Form ADV
Part 2A: Firm Brochure
March 28, 2025
Castle Rock Advisors LLC
200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116
Tel (617) 227-0050
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Castle Rock Advisors
LLC. If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact us at (617) 227-0050 or
compliance@castlerockadvisors.com. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified
by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or by any state securities authority.
Additional information about Castle Rock Advisors LLC also is available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. An investment adviser’s registration with the SEC does not imply a certain level
of skill or training.
Item 2. Material Changes
Castle Rock Advisors LLC is pleased to provide its clients with this brochure (the “Brochure”), which is the
firm’s Form ADV Part 2A. This Brochure contains important information about the business practices of the
Adviser (as defined below), as well as a description of potential conflicts of interest relating to the firm’s
advisory business and its affiliates, including affiliated investment advisers, that could affect a client’s
account with the Adviser. This Brochure includes clarifying information about fees and expenses, risks, and
conflicts of interest. In addition, the Adviser routinely makes updates throughout the Brochure to improve
and clarify the description of its business practices, compliance policies and procedures, as well as to
respond to evolving industry best practices.
Item 3. Table of Contents
Page
Item 4.
Advisory Business ..................................................................................................................... 1
Item 5.
Fees and Compensation ........................................................................................................... 1
Item 6.
Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management ...................................................... 3
Item 7.
Types of Clients ......................................................................................................................... 3
Item 8.
Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss .................................................. 3
Item 9.
Disciplinary Information ........................................................................................................... 12
Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations ................................................................... 13
Item 11.
Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading ........... 13
Item 12.
Brokerage Practices ................................................................................................................ 23
Item 13.
Review of Accounts ................................................................................................................. 23
Item 14.
Client Referrals and Other Compensation .............................................................................. 24
Item 15.
Custody .................................................................................................................................... 24
Item 16.
Investment Discretion .............................................................................................................. 24
Item 17.
Voting Client Securities ........................................................................................................... 24
Item 18.
Financial Information ............................................................................................................... 26
Item 19.
Requirements for State-Registered Advisers .......................................................................... 26
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Item 4. Advisory Business
For purposes of this Brochure, the “Adviser” means Castle Rock Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability
company, together (where the context permits) with other affiliates that provide advisory services to Clients
(as defined below). Such affiliates may or may not be under common control with Castle Rock Advisors
LLC but possess a substantial similarity of personnel and/or equity owners with Castle Rock Advisors LLC.
The Adviser is wholly owned by Castle Rock Advisors Holdings LLC. The principal owner of Castle Rock
Advisors Holdings LLC is Berkshire Partners Holdings LLC. The Adviser has been in business since May
2024.
The Adviser provides investment advisory services to high-net-worth individuals, their family members, and
their respective estate planning vehicles through the management of separate investment accounts
(collectively, the “Separate Account Clients”). The Adviser also provides investment advisory services to
certain pooled investment vehicles that are exempt from registration under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and the Funds’ interests are not registered under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) through which Separate Account Clients invest (the “Funds” and
together with the Separate Account Clients, the “Clients”).
The Adviser provides financial planning, investment management and family office services to Separate
Account Clients. Separate Account Clients work with a dedicated Adviser engagement team to understand
a Separate Account Client’s financial profile and identify a Separate Account Client’s financial goals and
appropriate solutions in the areas of cash flow management, tax planning, insurance coverage, investment
management, education funding, philanthropic giving, and retirement and estate planning. The Adviser
serves as the Separate Account Clients’ primary advisor and will perform services internally as well as
coordinate services with external service providers, including accountants, attorneys, insurance brokers,
and other specialized financial advisors.
The Funds invest into co-mingled funds, co-investments, special purpose vehicles or separately managed
accounts managed by third-party investment managers (“Underlying Funds” and the third-party investment
managers of such Underlying Funds, “Underlying Fund Managers”). In some instances, the Funds
themselves may hold public or private securities that are held, recommended or otherwise informed by the
underlying managers. The Adviser constructs each Fund to play a defined role in Client portfolios and
includes investments designed to gain exposure to defined sources of return and to achieve return targets
while adhering to illiquidity and risk parameters.
Investment advice is provided directly to each Separate Account Client and to the Funds (and not
individually to investors in the Funds) in accordance with a separate investment advisory, investment
management, or portfolio management agreements, as applicable (each, an “Advisory Agreement”) or, with
respect to a Fund, the applicable governing agreement of such Fund (such as a limited partnership
agreement, operating agreement or analogous organizational document (each, an “Organizational
Document” and together with the Advisory Agreements, the “Governing Documents”)). Any restrictions on
investing in certain types of investments are set forth in the Governing Document of a Client.
As of December 31, 2024, the Adviser managed a total of $493,665,951 of client assets on a discretionary
basis and $1,101,175,473 of client assets on a non-discretionary basis.
Item 5.
Fees and Compensation
Family Office Services
The Adviser charges a fee to Separate Account Clients for family office services which reflects the services
provided and the complexity of each Separate Account Client’s needs. Fees may be fixed or variable in
accordance with terms negotiated by the Adviser and each Separate Account Client. Overhead of the
Adviser and certain fees incurred for third parties providing services directly to a Separate Account Client
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(which include for example, but are not limited to, insurance, legal, and tax) which have been coordinated
by the Adviser are passed through directly to the Separate Account Client with no incremental fee charged
by the Adviser. Fees are charged in accordance with a time schedule agreed upon by the Adviser and
each Separate Account Client. A Separate Account Client may choose to initiate payment themselves or
authorize the Adviser to deduct applicable fees from an account(s) administered by the Adviser on behalf
of such Separate Account Client. The Adviser may receive payment for some Separate Account Clients’
fees from entities associated with such Separate Account Clients.
Investment Advisory Services
The Adviser charges Separate Account Clients a fee for investment advisory services based on a
percentage of assets under management (“AUM”). Fees may vary by Separate Account Client based on
the Separate Account Client’s AUM under a tiered fee schedule. The Adviser may aggregate assets of
related Separate Account Clients (e.g., family members, family entities, etc.) for purposes of determining a
Separate Account Client’s overall fee. There is no stated minimum fee. Fees are charged quarterly in
advance based on a Separate Account Client’s AUM from the previous quarter. To the extent an Advisory
Agreement is terminated and not otherwise replaced, the pro rata portion of prepaid fees will be returned
or credited to the Separate Account Client. Separate Account Client may choose to initiate payment
themselves or authorize the Adviser to deduct applicable fees from an account(s) administered by the
Adviser on behalf of such Separate Account Client.
Expenses of the Funds
Direct and indirect expenses associated with operating the Funds will be allocated to the investors in such
funds in proportion to their capital interest therein. Direct expenses may include, but are not limited to,
interest charges on lines of credit, software, salaries, direct travel and research expenses, and other
expenses incurred by the Adviser in providing fund administration. Indirect expenses may include, but are
not limited to, expenses associated with third parties providing accounting, tax, legal, and other services.
The Funds do not generally charge separate investment advisory fees (apart from the fees the Adviser
directly charges Separate Account Clients receiving investment advisory services) but may charge a
management fee and/or a performance fee to investors who are not Separate Account Clients. Any
management fee or performance fee shall be charged in accordance with terms agreed upon by the Adviser
and the relevant investor.
External Investment Fees
Fees (including any management fees and performance-based compensation) and expenses charged by
the external investment managers, including any sub-advisors selected by the Advisor, or vehicles selected
by the Adviser (each a “Manager”) to manage a Client’s assets are the responsibility of the Client and are
separate from and in addition to the Adviser’s fee for investment advisory services described above. These
fees are set out in each Manager’s investment advisory agreement or, in the case of mutual funds or private
funds in the prospectus or offering memorandum. The Adviser is responsible for monitoring each
relationship and reviewing the fees charged. In certain instances where the Adviser is able to negotiate
fees that are lower than a Manager’s standard fee schedule, the Adviser passes these savings directly
through to the applicable Clients.
Other Fees and Expenses
The fee the Adviser charges for family office services consists primarily of the Adviser’s operating expenses
which include, without limitation, compensation of the Adviser’s personnel, including salary, bonus (whether
fixed or performance-based), payroll taxes and benefits (including vacation time and sick leave), expenses
for external consultants, and out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Adviser in connection with the services
provided to the Client. Out of pocket expenses may include, among other things, office supplies, software,
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professional subscriptions, licensing fees, professional development programs, conferences, travel and
travel related expenses. All expenses are billed quarterly to a Client.
As provided in the Governing Document of certain of the Funds, such Funds will bear a quarterly fee to a
sub-advisor based on a percentage of the value of the assets held by the Funds. The fee is payable
quarterly in advance. In the event an Advisory Agreement with a Fund is terminated, the Sub-Advisory Fee
will be pro-rated based on the ratio of the number of days in the period for which the Sub-Advisory Fee has
been made and after the termination date, and the balance will be refunded to the Fund. Details of all such
fees for a Fund are contained in the Fund’s Governing Documents.
The Adviser will not enter into a custodial relationship with a Separate Account Client. If the Separate
Account Client engages a custodian, the Separate Account Client is responsible for determining and paying
for the custodial costs of their accounts. From time to time, the Adviser may recommend that a Separate
Account Client engage a particular custodian. In certain instances, if the Adviser receives cash and/or other
compensation from such custodian in exchange for the introduction to the Separate Account Client in the
event that the Separate Account Client engages the custodian, in such instances, the Adviser will offset
such compensation against its fee paid by the Separate Account Client. The Separate Account Client will
also be subject to fees and expenses related to mutual funds, money market funds, and other investments
held in its accounts.
Item 6. Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management
The Adviser does not charge performance-based fees for its services to Clients but may, in the future
charge a performance-based fee to investors in the Funds who are not Separate Account Clients. However,
the Adviser may recommend or provide diligence on Underlying Fund Managers to Separate Account
Clients that do charge performance-based fees.
Item 7.
Types of Clients
The Adviser provides personalized discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to
high-net-worth individuals, their family, and their respective estate planning vehicles. The Adviser does not
apply specific criteria for engagement by a Separate Account Client but instead evaluates prospective
Separate Account Clients on a case-by-case basis.
The Adviser also provides investment advisory services to the Funds. In such cases, investment advice is
provided directly to each Fund, and not individually to investors in the Funds.
Item 8. Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
The Adviser offers financial planning, investment management and family office services to the Clients.
Clients work with a dedicated engagement team to understand a Client’s financial profile and identify a
Client’s financial goals and appropriate solutions in the areas of cash flow management, tax planning,
insurance coverage, investment management, education funding, philanthropic giving, and retirement and
estate planning. The Adviser serves as the Clients’ primary advisor and will perform services internally as
well as coordinate services with external service providers, including accountants, attorneys, insurance
brokers, and other specialized financial advisors.
The Adviser assists in the creation and management of a customized global, multi-asset class portfolio for
each Client electing investment advisory services. The Adviser customizes the portfolio to match a Client’s
stated goals, and risk tolerances. A dedicated investment advisory team manages each portfolio using
individual securities, exchange-traded funds, money market funds, mutual funds, separately managed
accounts, co-investments, hedge funds, and/or private funds.
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The Adviser selects and sources Underlying Fund Managers, allocating capital globally across investment
strategies and asset classes, executing investments both directly and through Underlying Funds, and
reporting portfolio performance.
The Adviser also serves as investment adviser to several Funds that are offered to the Separate Account
Clients. It is expected that different Funds will be focused on different investment strategies thus Separate
Account Clients may be invested in multiple Funds. The Adviser constructs each Fund to play a defined
role in Client portfolios and includes investments designed to gain exposure to defined sources of return
and to achieve return targets while adhering to illiquidity and risk parameters.
The Funds invest in Underlying Funds managed by Underlying Fund Managers. In some instances, the
Funds themselves may hold public or private securities that are held, recommended or otherwise informed
by the Underlying Fund Managers. The Adviser sources Underlying Fund Managers, performs due
diligence, and provides ongoing monitoring for any Underlying Fund Manager investments that are added
to the Funds. The Adviser may also hire a sub-advisor to perform these services and to manage a
standalone fund in accordance with an agreed upon investment strategy.
The Adviser will also provide fund administration for the Funds including income allocation, capital account
maintenance, and ongoing cash management (i.e., capital calls and capital distributions).
Risks
Investments made by the Clients involves a significant degree of investment risk, including the risk that the
entire amount invested may be lost. The Adviser may advise the Clients to invest in securities using
strategies and financial techniques with significant risk characteristics. No guarantee is made that the
investment objectives of a Client will be realized. Although certain of the Adviser’s investment professionals
have participated in the management of other investment funds and accounts, the past performance of
such other investment funds and accounts cannot be relied upon as an indicator of a Client’s own success.
There is no guarantee that a Client will be able to control investment risks or that the risks will not aggregate
in a manner adverse to a Client.
Material risks relating to the investment strategies and methods of analysis described above and to the
types of investments typically made by the Clients include, but are not limited to, the risks outlined in the
following paragraphs.
General Economic, Political or Regulatory Conditions. General economic, political, or regulatory conditions
may affect a Client’s activities. Interest rates, general levels of economic activity, the price of securities,
availability and terms of credit, changes in laws, regulatory interventions and changes in regulations,
changes in fiscal policies, tax laws, trade barriers, commodity prices, currency exchange rates and controls,
national and international political circumstances, environmental and socioeconomic conditions (including
wars, terrorist acts, or security operations), and participation by other investors in the financial markets,
among other things, may affect the value and number of investments made by a Client or considered by a
Client for prospective investments, which could adversely affect the Adviser’s ability to identify investments,
a Client’s profitability, impede the ability of a Client’s investments to perform under or refinance their existing
obligations, and impair a Client’s ability to effectively exit its investments on favorable terms. A Client’s
investments can be expected to be sensitive to the performance of the overall economy. Any of the
foregoing events or a negative impact on economic fundamentals and consumer confidence would likely
increase market volatility and reduce liquidity, each of which could have a material adverse effect on the
performance of a Client’s investments, which could be exacerbated by the presence of leverage in an
investment’s capital structure. In addition, volatility and illiquidity in the financial sector may have an adverse
effect on the ability of a Client to sell and/or partially dispose of its investments. No assurances can be
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given as to the effect of these economic, political, or regulatory conditions on a Client’s investment
objectives, or on the success of a Client’s investments.
The political environment in the United States has continued to cause uncertainty regarding future political,
legislative, or administrative changes that may impact the Adviser, the Clients and their investments, and
the range and potential implications of possible outcomes are difficult to predict. Such uncertainty may have
an adverse effect on, or cause volatility in, the U.S. or global economies and currency and financial markets
in the short or long term, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on the performance of a Client’s
investments. In addition, such changes could impact the regulations applicable to the Adviser, the Clients,
or their investments. While certain of such changes could have a beneficial impact, other changes may
more beneficially impact competitors, or could adversely impact the Adviser, the Clients, or their
investments.
Highly Competitive Market for Investment Opportunities. The market for attractive investment opportunities
that meet the Clients’ investment objectives is highly competitive. The number of investors seeking to make
such investments may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities available to the Clients and
adversely affect the terms upon which investments can be made. In that regard, the Clients will be
competing for investments with other investment funds as well as individuals, companies, financial
institutions and other investors. The Clients may incur significant expenses in connection with identifying
investment opportunities and investigating other potential investments which are ultimately not
consummated, including expenses relating to due diligence, transportation, legal expenses and the fees of
other third-party advisors. There can be no assurance that the Clients will be able to locate, complete and
exit investments that satisfy the Clients’ investment objectives.
Investing in Illiquid Securities. A Client may invest its assets in securities that are not readily marketable or
that are only thinly traded. In addition, a Client may invest in private placements of securities that are not
registered under the Securities Act and may have little or no trading market. The Clients may not be able
to readily dispose of such investments, and, in some cases, may be contractually prohibited from disposing
of such securities for a specified period of time. These limitations on liquidity of a Client’s investments could
prevent a successful sale thereof, result in delay of any sale, or reduce the amount of proceeds that might
otherwise be realized
Equity Risk. The Clients from time to time invest in common and preferred stock and other equity securities,
including public and private equity securities. Equity securities generally involve a high degree of risk and
will be subordinate to debt securities and other indebtedness of the issuers of such equity securities. Prices
of equity securities generally fluctuate more than prices of debt securities and are more likely to be affected
by poor economic or market conditions. In some cases, the issuers of such equity securities may be highly
leveraged or subject to other risks, such as limited product lines, contracts, markets, or financial resources.
The market price of securities owned by a Client may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably.
Clients are subject to the risk that the equity securities in each of their portfolios will decline in value due to
factors affecting equity securities markets generally or particular industries represented in those markets.
The values of equity securities may decline due to general market conditions, which are not specifically
related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the
general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment
generally. Such values may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such
as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. Other risks
of investing globally in equity securities may include changes in currency exchange rates, exchange control
regulations, expropriation of assets or nationalization, imposition of withholding taxes, including on dividend
or interest payments and difficulty in obtaining and enforcing judgments against non-U.S. entities. In
addition, securities which the Adviser believes are fundamentally undervalued or incorrectly valued may
not ultimately be valued in the capital markets at prices and/or within the time frame the Adviser anticipates.
As a result, a Client may lose all or substantially all of its investment in any particular instance.
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Non-Controlling Investments. The Clients generally hold non-controlling interests in their investments
including in the form of marketable securities, debt securities or other debt- or equity-like instruments and,
therefore, the Clients will have a limited ability to protect their positions in such investments. Other investors
may have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with those of a Client, and such
Client may not be in a position to protect the value of its investments. Therefore, there can be no assurance
that a Client will be able to realize the value of any such investments.
Underlying Fund Manager Recommendation Risks. When conducting due diligence with respect to
managers, the Adviser may not be given access to information regarding the actual investments made by
the Underlying Fund Manager. Neither the Adviser nor Clients will be able to control the activities of an
Underlying Fund Manager or be able to monitor their investment activities on a real-time basis. At any given
time, Clients may not know the composition of the Underlying Fund Managers’ portfolios with respect to the
degrees of hedged or directional positions or the extent of concentration risk or exposure to specific
markets. Similarly, Clients may not learn of significant structural events, such as personnel changes, major
asset withdrawals or substantial capital growth until after the fact. A lack of transparency may cause Clients
to incur losses as a result of, for instance, reduced diversification and/or over-exposure to particular sectors,
regions or individual securities. Future results of an Underlying Fund Manager may differ significantly from
the Underlying Fund Manager’s past performance. While the Adviser intends to employ reasonable
diligence in evaluating and monitoring managers, no amount of diligence can eliminate the possibility that
an Underlying Fund Manager may provide misleading, incomplete or false information or representations,
or engage in improper or fraudulent conduct.
Risks Investing in Underlying Funds. Most clients are generally expected to make investments in
Underlying Funds. Investments in Underlying Funds may be speculative, leveraged, and volatile. The
investments in which Underlying Funds invest may at any given time consist of securities and other financial
instruments or obligations which are very thinly traded, which are restricted as to their transferability under
applicable laws, or for which no market exists, and such investments may also be adversely affected by
exchange regulations. The sale of any such investments may be possible only at substantial discounts.
Furthermore, such investments may be extremely difficult to value with any degree of certainty.
Business and Regulatory Risks of Pooled Investment Funds. Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur
during the term the Adviser works with a Client that may adversely affect the Client. The regulatory
environment for pooled investment funds is evolving, and changes in the regulation of pooled investment
funds may adversely affect the value of investments held by the Underlying Funds and the ability of the
Underlying Funds to obtain the leverage they might otherwise obtain or to pursue their trading strategies.
In addition, securities markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin
requirements. Regulators and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized to take
extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies. The regulation of derivative transactions and
short selling and funds that engage in such transactions is an evolving area of law and is subject to
modification by government and judicial actions. The effect of any future regulatory change on the
Underlying Funds could be substantial and adverse.
Performance-Based Compensation Arrangements with Underlying Fund Managers. The Adviser will
typically negotiate arrangements with Underlying Fund Managers which provide that the Underlying Fund
Managers be compensated, in whole or in part, based on the appreciation in value (including unrealized
appreciation) of the account during specific measuring periods. Such performance fee arrangements may
create an incentive for such Underlying Fund Managers to make investments that are riskier or more
speculative than would be the case in the absence of such performance-based compensation
arrangements.
Multiple Levels of Expenses. By investing in the Underlying Funds and securities indirectly through the
Funds, the Clients bear any asset-based fees and performance-based fees and allocations payable to the
Underlying Fund Managers, as well as a proportionate share of the transaction-related expenses and other
operating costs of the Funds and, indirectly, similar expenses of the Underlying Funds. Thus, a Client may
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be subject to higher aggregate fees and expenses than if the Client invested in the Underlying Funds directly
or in an investment fund that invests directly in the assets in which the Underlying Funds invest.
Expedited Transactions. Investment analyses and decisions by the Adviser may frequently be required to
be undertaken on an expedited basis to take advantage of investment opportunities. In such cases, the
information available to the Adviser at the time of making an investment decision may be limited. Therefore,
no assurance can be given that the Adviser will have knowledge of all circumstances that may adversely
affect an investment.
Concentration of Investments. Subject to applicable limitations in the Advisory Agreements, the Adviser
expects each Client’s portfolio to be relatively concentrated. Any such lack of diversification would increase
the risk of loss to a Client if there were a decline in the market value of any security or sector in which such
Client had invested a large percentage of its assets. Investment in a “non-diversified” fund will generally
entail greater risks than investments in a “diversified” fund.
Geographic Concentration. Generally, the primary geographic focus of each Client’s investments will be in
the United States, although the Adviser also pursues (subject to any limitations in the applicable Governing
Documents) international investments. There is generally no limitation on the level of concentration of a
Client’s U.S. investments. Targeting a specific geographical area could hurt a Client’s performance or cause
such performance to be more volatile than a more geographically diversified fund or account.
Regulatory Risk. The Adviser may recommend Clients make allocations to sectors that have a higher
regulatory risk. As a result, Clients may invest in regulated investments that are subject to any number of
governmental licenses, permits or other approvals. In addition, the adoption of new laws or regulations, or
changes in the interpretation of existing laws or regulations, could have an adverse effect on a client’s
current investments or asset allocation recommendations. Such changes could necessitate the creation of
new business models and the restructuring of investments to satisfy regulatory requirements, which may
be costly and/or time-consuming.
Investment in Non-U.S. Securities. The Adviser will from time to time recommend the Clients invest in non-
U.S. securities. Additionally, the Adviser will from time to time recommend the Clients invest in an
Underlying Fund that invests in non-U.S. securities. Foreign securities involve certain risks not typically
associated with investing in U.S. securities due to non-U.S. economic, political and legal developments,
including risks relating to (i) favorable or unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates, (ii) differences
between the U.S. and foreign securities markets, including potential price volatility in and relative illiquidity
of some foreign securities markets, (iii) the absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting
standards, practices and disclosure requirements and less government supervision and regulation, (iv) the
potential for rapid fluctuations in inflation rates, (v) certain economic and political risks, including possible
regulations and restrictions on foreign investment and repatriation of capital and the risks of economic,
political or social instability, (vi) foreign governmental approvals and compliance with foreign laws and
regulations, (vii) the possible imposition of foreign taxes on income and gains recognized with respect to
such securities, (viii) more rudimentary anti-fraud and anti-insider trading regulation and (ix) less developed
corporate laws regarding fiduciary duties and the protection of investors. Additionally, investments in foreign
securities may be subject to greater risks than U.S. investments due to exchange control regulations
(including currency blockage), expropriation of assets or nationalization, imposition of taxes on dividends,
interest payments or capital gains, the need for approval by government or other authorities to make
investments, and possible difficulty in obtaining and enforcing judgments against non-U.S. entities and other
factors beyond the control of the Adviser. Furthermore, issuers of non-U.S. securities are subject to
different, often less comprehensive accounting, reporting or disclosure requirements than U.S. issuers. The
securities markets of some countries in which a Client may invest have substantially less volume than those
in the United States, and securities of certain companies in these countries are less liquid and more volatile
than securities of comparable U.S. companies. Accordingly, these markets may be subject to greater
influence by adverse events generally affecting the market, and by large investors trading significant blocks
of securities, than is usual in the United States. Brokerage commissions and other transaction costs on
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securities exchanges in non-U.S. countries are generally higher than in the United States. Non-U.S.
securities settlements may in some instances be subject to delays and related administrative uncertainties.
In some countries, there are restrictions on investments or investors such that the only practicable way for
a Client to invest in such markets is by entering into swaps or other derivative transactions with a prime
broker or other intermediary or counterparty. Such transactions involve counterparty risks that are not
present in the case of direct investments and that the Adviser may not be able to control. The Clients’
historical returns on their U.S. investments may not be indicative of the results they may achieve on future
investments located in foreign countries.
Cash and Other Investments. A Client may invest all or a portion of its assets in cash or cash items, in
whole or in part, for investment purposes, pending other investments or as provision of margin for futures
or forward contracts. These cash items are generally of high quality at the time of investment and may
include a number of money market instruments such as negotiable or non-negotiable securities issued by
or short-term deposits with the U.S. and non-U.S. governments and agencies or instrumentalities thereof,
bankers’ acceptances, high quality commercial paper, repurchase agreements, bank certificates of deposit
and short-term debt securities of U.S. or non-U.S. issuers deemed to be creditworthy by the Adviser. While
these investments generally involve relatively low risk levels, they may produce lower than expected returns
and could result in losses.
Fixed-Income Securities. Clients invest primarily in Underlying Funds or equity securities. However, subject
to any applicable guidelines and/or restrictions in the Governing Documents of a Client, a Client may invest
in bonds or other fixed-income securities, including, without limitation, commercial paper and “higher
yielding” (and, therefore, higher risk) debt securities. Such securities may be below “investment grade” and
may face ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions that
could lead to the issuer’s inability to meet timely interest and principal payments. The market values of
certain of these lower-rated debt securities tend to reflect individual corporate developments to a greater
extent than do higher-rated securities, which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest
rates and tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than are higher-rated securities. Companies
that issue lower-rated debt securities often are highly leveraged and may not have access to more
traditional methods of financing. Trading in such securities may be limited or disrupted by an economic
recession, resulting in an adverse impact on the value of such securities. In addition, it is likely that any
such economic downturn could affect adversely the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal
and pay interest thereon and, therefore, increase the incidence of default for such securities.
Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk. An unstable geopolitical climate and continued threats of terrorism
could have a material adverse effect on general economic conditions, market conditions and market
liquidity. The United States and governments globally have seen a rise in populist and nationalist
tendencies, with political parties espousing such themes gaining strength in local and national elections.
Increased focus and scrutiny of globally operating organizations may adversely affect a Client and its
investment activities.
Moreover, certain current events and resulting movements (including protests) have caused social unrest
in the United States and in other parts of the world. At times, such movements have been accompanied by
violence and looting which has seen certain businesses suffer physical damage and economic loss. In
addition, such movements have seen certain businesses become subject to adverse publicity and
heightened scrutiny as a result of historical action or inaction. To the extent that a Client’s investments are
impacted by such social unrest, physical damage and economic loss or the threat thereof (e.g., in the retail
sector), there could be a material adverse impact on a Client and its investments.
A number of factors, including the supply chain disruptions, developments in the oil market as a result of
conflict between Ukraine and Russia, public health measures, widespread job losses, and other factors
(including second- and third-order effects related to the foregoing) have contributed to a growing sense of
volatility and uncertainty in the markets for all assets, including securities and other financial assets,
commodities and real estate, among others. While the Adviser intends to consider investments that have
8
been impacted by such factors to the extent it believes it can capitalize on perceived mispricing as a result
of market disruptions, there can be no guarantee that such strategy will be successful or result in positive
returns for investors. In particular, it is likely that a number of the Clients’ investments will include
assumptions regarding potential social and governmental responses to the current uncertain economic,
social and political environment. To the extent any assumption made regarding an investment (whether or
not such assumption is made prior to the consummation of such investment) proves inaccurate, returns of
such investment are likely to be impacted materially. Such events may also reduce the availability of
potential investment opportunities and increase the difficulty of modeling market conditions, potentially
reducing the accuracy of financial projections. At such times, the Clients’ exposure to a number of other
risks described elsewhere in this section can increase.
Additionally, a serious global health crisis or pandemic or a natural disaster could severely disrupt the
global, national and/or regional economies. A Client is subject to the risk that war, terrorism and related
geopolitical events may lead to increased short-term market volatility and have adverse long-term effects
on the U.S. and world economies and markets generally, as well as adverse effects on issuers of securities
and the value of a Client’s investments. Those events, as well as other changes in U.S. and non-U.S.
economic and political conditions, also could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers,
securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment and other factors affecting the
value of a Client’s investments. At such times, a Client’s exposure to a number of other risks described
elsewhere in this section can increase.
Other factors, such as changes in U.S. federal or state tax laws, U.S. federal or state securities laws, bank
regulatory policies or accounting standards may make asset acquisitions less desirable. Similarly,
legislative acts, rulemaking, adjudicatory or other activities of the U.S. Congress, the SEC, the Federal
Reserve Board, the New York Stock Exchange or other securities or commodities exchanges, the Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority or other governmental or quasi-governmental bodies, agencies, and
regulatory organizations may make the business of the Adviser more difficult to operate.
Public Health Emergencies. Pandemics and other widespread public health emergencies, including
outbreaks of infectious diseases such as SARS, H1N1/09 flu, avian flu, Ebola and COVID-19, have resulted
and could result in further market volatility and disruption, and any future such emergencies have the
potential to materially and adversely impact economic production and activity in ways that are impossible
to predict, all of which may result in significant losses to the Clients and their investments.
In an effort to contain such health emergencies, national, regional, and local governments, as well as private
businesses and other organizations, have taken or have the potential to take restrictive measures, including
instituting local and regional quarantines, restricting travel (including closing certain international borders),
prohibiting public activity (including “stay-at-home” and similar orders), and ordering the closure of large
numbers of offices, businesses, schools, and other public venues. Any such measures have the potential
to significantly diminish economic production and activity of all kinds and contribute to volatility in financial
markets, demand across categories of consumers and businesses, as well as in the credit and capital
markets. Restrictive measures, whether on an initial or re-imposed basis, also have the potential to cause
labor force and operational disruptions, slowing or complete idling of certain supply chains and
manufacturing activity, increases in unemployment levels, and strain and uncertainty for businesses and
households, with a particularly acute impact on industries dependent on healthcare and travel and public
accessibility, such as transportation, hospitality, tourism, retail, sports, and entertainment.
The ultimate impact of any such health emergency — and any resulting decline in economic and
commercial activity — on global economic conditions, and on the operations, financial condition, and
performance of any particular industry or business, is impossible to predict but could have a significant
adverse impact and result in significant losses to the Clients. The extent of the impact on the Clients’ and
their investments’ operational and financial performance will depend on many factors, all of which are highly
uncertain and cannot be predicted, and this impact may include significant reductions in revenue and
growth, unexpected operational losses and liabilities, impairments to credit quality, and reductions in the
availability of capital. These same factors may limit the ability of the Adviser to source, diligence, and
9
execute new investments and to manage, finance, and exit investments in the future, and governmental
mitigation actions may constrain or alter existing financial, legal, and regulatory frameworks in ways that
are adverse to the investment strategy the Adviser may recommend to the Clients, all of which could
adversely affect the Clients’ ability to fulfill their investment objectives. They may also impair the ability of
investments or their counterparties to perform their respective obligations under debt instruments and other
commercial agreements (including their ability to pay obligations as they become due), potentially leading
to defaults with uncertain consequences. In addition, the operations of the Adviser may be significantly
impacted, or even temporarily or permanently halted, as a result of any such health emergencies, or any
measures, restrictions, remote-working requirements, and other factors related thereto, including their
potential adverse impacts on the health of any such entity’s personnel. These measures may also hinder
such entities’ ability to conduct their affairs and activities as they normally would, including by impairing
usual communication channels and methods, hampering the performance of administrative functions such
as processing payments and invoices, and diminishing their ability to make accurate and timely projections
of financial performance.
Cybersecurity Risk. The Adviser, the Clients’ service providers and other market participants depend on
complex and often interconnected information technology and communications systems to conduct
business functions. These systems are subject to a number of different cyber threats and other risks that
could adversely affect a Separate Account Client or a Fund and its investors, despite the efforts of the
Adviser and the Clients’ service providers to adopt technologies, processes and procedures intended to
mitigate these risks and help protect the security of their computer systems, software, networks and other
technology assets, as well as the security, confidentiality, integrity and availability of information belonging
to a Separate Account Client or a Fund and its investors.
Cyber incidents refer to both intentional attacks and unintentional events including: processing errors,
human errors, technical errors including computer glitches and system malfunctions, inadequate or failed
internal or external processes, market-wide technical-related disruptions, unauthorized access to digital
systems (through “hacking” or malicious software coding), computer viruses, and cyber-attacks which shut
down, disable, slow or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes or website access or functionality
(including denial of service attacks). Cybersecurity incidents, cyberattacks and other malicious internet-
based activity have been occurring globally at a more frequent and severe level and will likely continue to
increase in frequency and magnitude in the future. The use of internet- or cloud-based programs,
technologies, and data storage applications generally heightens these risks, and the risks of attack are
heightened in remote work environments. As part of its business, the Adviser processes, stores and
transmits large amounts of electronic information, including information relating to the transactions of the
Clients and personally identifiable information of Clients and Fund investors. Similarly, affiliates and service
providers of the Adviser, and service providers of the Clients, especially any administrators, may process,
store and transmit such information. For example, unauthorized third parties could attempt to improperly
access, modify, disrupt the operations of, encrypt or otherwise prevent access to these systems of the
Adviser, the Clients’ service providers and counterparties, as well as the data stored by these systems,
including investor information. The Adviser and the Clients’ service providers may be subject to
ransomware or other attacks that could cause a substantial business disruption or loss of availability of data
that could prevent the Clients and Adviser from executing their investment strategy or accessing an
account, which could lead to financial losses. Third parties could also attempt to fraudulently induce
employees, customers, third-party service providers or other users of the Adviser’s systems to disclose
sensitive information in order to gain access to the Adviser’s data or that of the Funds’ investors or to
transfer funds to unauthorized third parties. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to data,
disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems or networks change frequently, may be difficult to detect
for long periods of time and generally are not recognized until launched against a target. Therefore,
companies as well as their third-party partners (including vendors and investments) may be unable to
anticipate these techniques, react in a timely manner or implement adequate preventive measures. A
successful penetration or circumvention of the security of the Adviser’s systems by unauthorized third
parties could result in the loss or theft of an investor’s data or funds, the inability to access electronic
systems, loss or theft of proprietary information or corporate data, physical damage to a computer or
10
network system or costs associated with system repairs. There have been reports of alleged foreign
government-sponsored hacking attempts on American corporate intellectual property, and the Adviser and
the Clients’ investments may be at risk of cyberattacks. Any of these such incidents could cause the Clients,
the Adviser or their service providers to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, additional
compliance costs, increased insurance premiums or financial loss. Such incidents could cause the Clients,
the Adviser or their service providers to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, additional
compliance costs associated with corrective measures or financial loss. In addition, the Adviser may incur
substantial costs related to investigation and remediation of the cybersecurity incident, increasing and
upgrading cybersecurity protections including its administrative, technical, organizational and physical
controls, acts of identity theft, unauthorized use or loss of proprietary information, adverse investor reaction,
increased insurance premiums or difficulties obtaining insurance coverage or litigation, regulatory actions
or other legal risks. While the Adviser believes that the Advisers’ critical service providers have established
business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber incidents,
there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not
been identified. Furthermore, the Adviser cannot control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place
by the Adviser’s service providers or any other third parties whose operations may affect the Clients.
Similar types of operational and technology risks are also present for the companies in which a Client
invests, which could have material adverse consequences for such companies and may cause the Clients’
investments to lose value.
Risks of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”). The Adviser’s ability to use, manage and aggregate data may be limited
by the effectiveness of its policies, systems and practices that govern how data is acquired, validated, used,
stored, protected, processed and shared. Failure to manage data effectively and to aggregate data in an
accurate and timely manner may limit the Adviser’s ability to manage current and emerging risks, as well
as to manage changing business needs and to adapt to the use of new tools, including AI. While the Adviser
will under certain circumstances restrict certain uses of third-party and open source AI tools, such as
ChatGPT, the Adviser’s employees and consultants and a Client’s investments will under certain
circumstances use these tools, which poses additional risks relating to the protection of the Adviser’s and
such investments’ proprietary data, including the potential exposure of the Adviser’s or such Underlying
Funds’ confidential information to unauthorized recipients and the misuse of the Adviser’s or third-party
intellectual property, which could adversely affect the Adviser, a Client or a Client’s investments. Use of AI
tools may result in allegations or claims against the Adviser, a Client or a Client’s investments related to
violation of third-party intellectual property rights, unauthorized access to or use of proprietary information
and failure to comply with open-source software requirements. Additionally, AI tools may produce
inaccurate, misleading or incomplete responses that could lead to errors in the Adviser’s and its employees’
and consultants’ decision-making, portfolio management or other business activities, which could have a
negative impact on the Adviser or on the performance of a Client and a Client’s investments. AI tools could
also be used against the Adviser, a Client or a Client’s investments in criminal or negligent ways. As the
use and availability of AI tools has grown, the U.S. Congress and a number of U.S. federal agencies have
been examining the AI tools and their use in a variety of industries, including financial services. The
legislatures and administrative agencies of a variety of U.S. states have also proposed, and in a number of
cases adopted, rules and regulations addressing the use of AI. AI similarly faces an uncertain regulatory
landscape in many foreign jurisdictions. Ongoing and future regulatory actions with respect to AI generally
or AI’s use in any industry in particular may alter, perhaps to a materially adverse extent, the ability of the
Adviser, a Client or a Client’s investments to utilize AI in the manner is has to-date and may have an adverse
impact on the ability of the Adviser, a Client or a Client’s investments to continue to operate as intended.
Possibility of Fraud and Other Misconduct of Employees and Service Providers. Misconduct by employees
of the Adviser, service providers to the Adviser, or the Clients and/or their respective affiliates could cause
significant losses to such Clients. Misconduct may include entering into transactions without authorization,
the failure to comply with operational and risk procedures, including due diligence procedures,
misrepresentations as to investments being considered by such Clients, the improper use or disclosure of
confidential or material non-public information, which could result in litigation, regulatory enforcement, or
11
serious financial harm, including limiting the business prospects or future marketing activities of such Clients
and noncompliance with applicable laws or regulations and the concealing of any of the foregoing. Such
activities may result in reputational damage, litigation, business disruption, and/or financial losses to such
Clients. The Adviser has controls and procedures through which they seek to minimize the occurrence of
such misconduct and procures insurance to mitigate potential losses from such conduct. However, no
assurances can be given that the Adviser will be able to identify or prevent such misconduct or that losses
will be minimized.
Third-Party Advice. The Adviser and its Clients utilize the services of attorneys, accountants and other
advisors and consultants in their operations. The Adviser and its Clients generally rely upon such advisors
for their professional judgment with respect to legal, tax and other regulatory matters. Nevertheless, there
exists a risk that such advisors may provide incorrect advice from time to time or make errors when
providing services. Neither the Adviser nor its Clients will have any liability to a Client’s investors for any
reliance upon such advice or services, provided that such advisors were selected with reasonable care.
Additionally, subject to certain limitations, the Clients may be required to exculpate and indemnify such
service providers for any losses incurred. Investors in a Fund generally have no direct rights against such
advisors. Where wrongdoing is alleged to have been committed against a Fund, such wrongdoing would
generally only be actionable by the Fund’s general partner. In the absence of any direct contractual
relationship between a Fund’s investors and its advisors, there are only very limited circumstances in which
an investor may bring a direct claim against any such advisor, including the Adviser.
Privacy, Data Protection and Information Security Compliance Risk - General. The Adviser and the Clients
(and their investments (including Underlying Funds)) are, and will from time to time be, subject to various
laws and regulations related to privacy, data protection and information security in the jurisdictions in which
they do business (collectively, “Privacy Laws”). As the Privacy Laws are enacted, implemented, interpreted,
applied, amended and replaced, compliance costs may increase and may require the dedication of
additional time and resources, particularly in the context of ensuring that adequate data protection and data
transfer mechanisms are in place.
Privacy Law Compliance Risk. The adoption, interpretation, and application of Privacy Laws could
significantly impact current and planned privacy and information security related practices, the collection,
use, sharing, retention and safeguarding of personal data and current and planned business activities of
the Adviser, the Clients and/or their investments (including Underlying Funds), and as such could increase
costs and require the dedication of additional time and resources to compliance for such entities. A failure
to comply with such Privacy Laws by any such entity or their service providers could result in fines,
sanctions, or other penalties, which could materially and adversely affect the results of operations and
overall business as well as have a negative impact on reputation and Client performance. As Privacy Laws
are implemented, interpreted, and applied, compliance costs for the Adviser, the Clients and/or their
investments, are likely to increase, particularly in the context of ensuring that adequate data protection and
data transfer mechanisms are in place.
Certain jurisdictions, including U.S. states, have proposed, adopted, or are considering similar Privacy
Laws, which if enacted could impose significant costs, potential liabilities and operational and legal
obligations. Such Privacy Laws and regulations are expected to vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, thus
increasing costs, operational and legal burdens, and the potential for significant liability for regulated
entities, which could include the Adviser, the Clients and/or their investments.
Item 9. Disciplinary Information
The Adviser has no legal or disciplinary events to report in response to Item 9.
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Item 10. Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations
Related General Partner
An affiliate of the Adviser serves as a general partner of each of the Funds structured as a partnership. For
a description of material conflicts of interest created by the relationship between the Adviser and the general
partner, as well as a description of how such conflicts are addressed, please see Item 11 below.
Affiliate Advisers
Berkshire Partners LLC (together with its affiliates, including general partner entities, that provide advisory
services to and/or receive fees from pooled investment vehicles advised by Berkshire Partners LLC,
“Berkshire”) is an investment adviser and is controlled by Berkshire Partners Holdings LLC. Stockbridge
Partners LLC (together with its affiliates, including general partner entities, that provide advisory services
to and/or receive fees from pooled investment vehicles and other accounts advised by Stockbridge Partners
LLC, “Stockbridge”) is also an investment adviser and is also controlled by Berkshire Partners Holdings
LLC, which is the principal owner of the Adviser. The Adviser considers the relationships with its two
affiliated advisers, Berkshire and Stockbridge, to be material to its advisory business. Berkshire is
separately registered as an investment adviser with the SEC and, like the Adviser, is controlled by Berkshire
Partners Holdings LLC. Berkshire primarily invests in privately held securities and generally seeks to obtain
governance rights in its investments. Stockbridge is separately registered as an investment adviser with
the SEC and, like the Adviser, is controlled by Berkshire Partners Holdings LLC. Stockbridge primarily
makes relatively long-term investments in publicly traded equities. For the avoidance of doubt, the term
“Adviser” as used herein does not include Berkshire or Stockbridge and the terms “Berkshire” or
“Stockbridge” do not include the Adviser. For purposes of this Brochure, Berkshire and Stockbridge are
referred to as the “Affiliate Advisers”. For a description of material conflicts of interest created by the
relationship between the Adviser and the Affiliate Advisers, as well as a description of how such conflicts
are addressed, please see Item 11 below.
Affiliated Pooled Investment Vehicles
The pooled investment vehicles advised by Berkshire and Stockbridge are, by virtue of the Adviser’s
relationship with Berkshire and Stockbridge, affiliated with the Adviser and the Clients. Although they have
different investment objectives, the Clients may from time to time may hold the same securities as pooled
investment vehicles advised by Berkshire or Stockbridge (such entities, the “Affiliated Funds”) and the
Separate Account Clients will typically invest in the Affiliated Funds. For a description of material conflicts
of interest created by the relationship between the Adviser and any such Affiliated Funds, as well as a
description of how such conflicts are addressed, please see Item 11 below.
Item 11. Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading
Code of Ethics
The Adviser has adopted a written code of ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) that is applicable to (i) all of its
principals, partners, officers (or any person performing similar functions) and employees and other
personnel; (ii) every natural person (whether or not an employee of the Adviser) that is subject to the
Adviser’s supervision and control that (a) has access to nonpublic information regarding a Client’s purchase
or sale of securities, (b) is involved in making securities recommendations to a Client, or (c) has access
to nonpublic securities recommendations to a Client, as well as officers and employees of the Affiliate
Advisers and certain independent contractors; and (iii) members of the household of any of the natural
persons listed under (i) and (ii) (collectively, “Adviser Personnel”). The Code of Ethics, which is designed
to comply with Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (as amended, the “Advisers Act”),
establishes guidelines for professional conduct and personal trading procedures, including certain
preclearance and reporting obligations. The Code of Ethics prohibits Adviser Personnel from purchasing
13
certain “covered securities” for their own accounts. Under the Code of Ethics, Adviser Personnel are also
required to file certain periodic reports with the Adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) as required by
Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act. The Code of Ethics helps the Adviser detect and prevent potential
conflicts of interest.
Adviser Personnel who violate the Code of Ethics may be subject to remedial actions, including, but not
limited to, unwinding of any applicable trade, profit disgorgement, fines, censure, demotion, suspension or
dismissal. Adviser Personnel are also required to promptly report any violation of the Code of Ethics of
which they become aware. Adviser Personnel are required to annually certify compliance with the Code of
Ethics.
A copy of the Code of Ethics is available to any client or prospective client upon written request to
Compliance@castlerockadvisors.com.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
The Adviser, certain employees of the Adviser and the Affiliate Advisers may be Separate Account Clients
or may be investors in the Funds. In addition, Adviser Personnel may be investors in an Affiliated Fund.
The Adviser and certain Adviser Personnel may purchase or sell securities that are owned by its Clients,
or rejected by its Clients, unless such purchase or sale is prohibited and on the Adviser’s Restricted List or
the transaction would otherwise violate the Adviser’s policies, procedures or any applicable laws.
Conflicts of Interest
The Adviser and its related entities engage in a broad range of activities, including investment activities for
their own accounts and for the accounts of other investment funds, and providing transaction-related,
investment advisory, management and other services to Clients. In the Adviser’s ordinary course of
conducting its activities, the interests of a Client can conflict with the interests of the Adviser, other Clients
or their respective affiliates. Certain of these conflicts of interest, as well as a description of how the Adviser
addresses such conflicts of interest, can be found below.
Resolution of Conflicts
In the case of all conflicts of interest, the Adviser’s determination as to which factors are relevant, and the
resolution of such conflicts, will be made using the Adviser’s best judgment, but in its sole discretion. In
resolving conflicts, the Adviser will consider various factors, including, for example, the interests of the
applicable Clients with respect to the immediate issue and/or with respect to their longer-term courses of
dealing. Where the Adviser deems appropriate, unaffiliated third parties may be used to help resolve
conflicts.
When conflicts arise between Clients, the Adviser will resolve the conflict. In doing so, it will generally
consider various factors, including the interests of such Clients with respect to the immediate issue and/or
with respect to the longer-term course of dealing among the Clients. In the case of all conflicts involving a
Client, the determination as to which factors are relevant, and the resolution of such conflicts, will be made
in the sole discretion of the Adviser.
Conflicts
The material conflicts of interest encountered by a Client include those discussed below, although the
discussion below does not necessarily describe all of the potential conflicts that may be faced by a Client.
Other conflicts may be disclosed throughout this Brochure and in the Governing Documents of each Client,
and these materials should be read in their entirety for other conflicts. Evaluating and resolving conflicts is
complex and new and different types of conflicts may subsequently arise. While the Adviser has adopted
policies and procedures to address certain conflicts, there can be no assurance such policies and
14
procedures will have the desired effect or that the Adviser will be able to resolve conflicts in a manner that
is favorable to the Clients.
Subject to complying with the personal investment policies contained within the Adviser’s Code of Ethics,
Adviser Personnel reserve the right to manage their own personal investments and will continue to manage
and monitor such personal investments until their realization or other disposition. To the extent an
investment opportunity is received that is unsuitable for a Client in the Adviser’s sole discretion, the Adviser
and its personnel reserve the right to refer such opportunity to third parties or to make personal investments
in the relevant opportunity. Unless restricted by the relevant Governing Documents, and subject to internal
approval, Adviser Personnel may be permitted to serve on boards or act in other roles unaffiliated with the
Adviser, the Clients or their investments, including boards of charitable and educational institutions, public
or private companies and receive compensation in connection with such services and roles.
Conflicts Relating to Affiliate Advisers
As described above, the Adviser has two affiliated investment advisers, each of which focuses primarily on
different investment strategies, although from time to time may overlap with the investment strategy of the
Adviser and the Clients. In the ordinary course of conducting its activities, the interests of a Client will, from
time to time, conflict with the interests of an Affiliate Fund (or investors therein).
The Affiliate Advisers have in the past and may in the future also engage and retain advisers, consultants
and similar professionals who are not employees or affiliates of such Affiliate Adviser (notwithstanding that
such professionals may be exclusive to such Affiliate Adviser) and who may, from time to time, receive
payments from such Affiliate Adviser or receive payments from or allocations of investment opportunities
with respect to, entities, which may include entities in which the Affiliate Funds have interests. These fees
will not be shared by the Affiliate Funds and will not otherwise benefit the Clients.
Implementation of certain investment strategies of the Clients may be dependent, in whole or in part, on
information obtained from the Affiliated Advisers. While the Affiliate Advisers may, they are not required to
provide any information to the Adviser and there is no assurance the Affiliate Advisers will provide such
information to the Adviser which will adversely impact the Clients.
Conflicts Relating to Affiliate Funds
In connection with its investment activities, the Adviser and its Affiliate Advisers will encounter situations in
which they must determine how to allocate investment opportunities among various clients and other
persons, including the Clients and the Affiliate Funds. The Adviser and the Affiliated Advisers have adopted
written policies and procedures relating to the allocation of investment opportunities and will make allocation
determinations consistently therewith. The Clients are generally subject to investment allocation
requirements set forth in the Governing Documents of such Client. In addition, the Affiliate Funds are
generally subject to investment allocation requirements set forth in the instruments under which such
Affiliate Fund was established (such as an Affiliate Fund’s limited partnership agreement or private
placement memorandum), or in side letters.
Investments sourced by the Adviser or an Affiliate Adviser that are appropriate for an Affiliate Fund will first
be made available to such Affiliate Fund. Even where an investment opportunity is appropriate for a Client
but is of the type of investment made by an Affiliate Funds (e.g., private company investments and/or
investments in public companies with representation on the board of directors and/or other active
governance roles), such investments will typically be offered first to such Affiliate Fund.
The Adviser and the Affiliate Advisers make independent decisions regarding recommendations with
respect to any particular investment. As a result, a Client may invest in opportunities that an Affiliate Fund
declined and likewise, an Affiliate Fund may invest in opportunities a Client has declined.
15
In addition, while not expected to be common, from time to time a Client may receive a distribution-in-kind
from an investment and as a result, may end up holding the a security in the same issuer that is held by
another Client or an Affiliate Fund. Such interests may be in the same, overlapping or different levels of
the issuer’s capital structure. In such instances, there may be conflicting interests in connection with such
investments and the Affiliate Funds may take actions that are adverse to the Clients.
In addition, while not expected to be common, the Clients may in the future continue to invest in the same
companies in which the Affiliate Funds are invested. Conflicts of interest may arise among the Clients and
Affiliate Funds. For instance, investments by a Client and an Affiliate Fund in the same issuer may raise
the risk of using the resources of a Client to support positions taken by an Affiliate Fund. The Adviser and
the Affiliate Advisers will evaluate for the Clients or Affiliate Funds a variety of factors which may be relevant
in determining whether a particular investment opportunity is appropriate and feasible for the Clients or
Affiliate Funds, including the nature of the investment opportunity taken in the context of the other
investments at the time, the potential liquidity of the investment relative to the needs of the Clients or Affiliate
Funds, investment or regulatory limitations and the transaction costs involved. Because these
considerations will generally differ for the Clients and one or more Affiliate Funds in the context of any
particular investment opportunity, the investment activities of the Clients and the Affiliate Funds will
generally differ considerably. Because the Affiliate Advisers have priority in pursuing their investment
mandates, conflicts with the investment activity of the Adviser are expected to be resolved in favor of the
Affiliate Advisers.
A Client may also invest in an issuer in which an Affiliate Fund has previously made or concurrently will
make an investment (including debt investments). Investments made by such Client and an Affiliate Fund
could be in different parts of a portfolio company’s capital structure, including with respect to seniority,
interest rates, security, dividends, voting rights and participation in liquidation proceeds. In addition, such
investments could be acquired by a Client and an Affiliate Fund at different times or at different prices. As
a result, the interests and/or investment objectives of a Client and an Affiliate Fund may differ in the case
of financial distress of such issuer, including the structuring of, or exercise of rights with respect to,
investment transactions and the timeframe for and method of exiting the investment. In addition, there may
be differences in timing of entry into, or exit from, an issuer for reasons such as differences in strategy,
existing portfolio or liquidity needs. These variations in timing may be detrimental to a Client. In addition,
because different legal rights are associated with debt and equity investments, a conflict of interest arises
in respect to the advice given to, and the actions taken on behalf of, a debt-holding Client and/or Affiliate
Fund versus an equity-holding Client and/or Affiliate Fund.
The Affiliate Advisers have existing and potential advisory and other relationships with a significant number
of investments and other clients, and have in the past and may in the future provide financing, services,
advice or otherwise deal with third parties whose interests conflict with the interests of a company (or a
company directly or indirectly held by an Underlying Fund) in which a Client has invested, such as
competitors, suppliers or customers of a company (or a company directly or indirectly held by an Underlying
Fund) in which a Client has invested. On occasion, an Affiliate Adviser may recommend or cause such a
third party to take actions that are adverse to a Client or companies (or companies directly or indirectly held
by an Underlying Fund) in which it has invested.
The appropriate allocation among the Clients, any Affiliate Funds, the Affiliated Advisers and the Adviser
of expenses and fees generated in the course of evaluating potential investments that are not
consummated, such as out-of-pocket expenses associated with due diligence, attorney’s fees and the fees
of other professionals will be determined by the Adviser in its sole discretion.
The Adviser will from time to time cause a Client to (or recommend that a Client), if permitted under such
Client’s Governing Documents or Advisory Agreement, as applicable, invest in one or more Affiliated Funds.
The Adviser may be incentivized to cause a Client to invest in (i) an Affiliated Fund as opposed to a fund
managed by a third-party, even where an investment in a fund managed by a third-party would have offered
the potential for higher returns or lower fees or (ii) certain Affiliated Funds over other Affiliated Funds
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including where such funds have differing levels of fees or have different relative capital needs. In such a
case, even though the Adviser does not charge Clients management fees or performance-based fees, the
investing Client (or investors in the investing Client, if applicable) will bear not only their allocation of the
Adviser’s overhead, and other expenses (as the case may be) as described above, but also any
management fees, performance-based compensation, and expenses (as the case may be) associated with
their investment in the Affiliated Fund, which are paid to the Affiliate Adviser (or its related persons, as the
case may be), and will not reduce any allocation of overhead or expenses payable by the investing Client.
There can be no assurance, in light of the conflicts described above, that the determination to cause a
Client to invest in an Affiliated Fund will ultimately prove to be the most profitable or advantageous course
of action for the investing Client.
Allocation of Investment Opportunities Among Clients
The Adviser manages a number of Clients that typically have investment objectives similar to each other.
The Adviser expects that it or its personnel will in the future establish one or more additional investment
funds or accounts with investment objectives substantially similar to, or different (and potentially conflicting)
from, those of the current Clients. Allocation of available investment opportunities between Clients and any
such investment fund or account could give rise to conflicts of interest.
In exercising its discretion to allocate investment opportunities and fees and expenses, the Adviser may be
faced with a variety of potential conflicts of interest. While the Adviser determines how to allocate
investment opportunities using its best judgment, considering such factors as it deems relevant, but in its
sole discretion, there can be no assurance that a Client’s actual allocation of an investment opportunity, if
any, or the terms on which that allocation is made will be as favorable as they would be if the conflicts of
interest to which the Adviser is subject, discussed herein, did not exist. In addition, a Client may not pursue
an investment opportunity that is within its mandate as a result of trading activities of, or other investments
made by, other Clients and/or Affiliate Funds and/or their portfolio companies. Further, if, in the discretion
of the Adviser, a Client should not participate in a particular investment opportunity for tax or regulatory
reasons, such investment opportunity will be allocated only to other Clients not affected by such tax or
regulatory reasons. To the extent an investment is not allocated pro rata, the Clients participating in such
an investment opportunity could incur a disproportionate amount of income or loss related to such
investment relative to any other Clients.
The allocation methodology used by the Adviser will likely vary over time and determinations will be made
on a case-by-case basis. In certain instances, investment opportunities will be offered to one or more
Clients and not others, based on the contractual requirements or investment allocation guidelines contained
in a Client’s Governing Documents.
Other Strategies
The Adviser or the Affiliate Advisers has in the past and continues to pursue investment strategies that it
believes are complementary to the business of the Affiliate Advisers, including, but not limited to
infrastructure investments and debt financing investments (e.g., bank loan participations or assignments,
bonds, mezzanine debt or similar investments), and including, without limitation, minority investments in or
related to the debt financing of an issuer in which a Client has invested. These alternative investing
strategies differ from that of the Clients, and conflicts of interest could arise among the Clients and their
affiliates that invest in such securities. If such complimentary investing strategies are pursued, there may
be additional conflict of interests in the allocation of investment opportunities among the Clients and such
affiliates. In such event, the Adviser will evaluate for the Clients or such affiliates a variety of factors which
may be relevant in determining whether a particular investment opportunity is appropriate and feasible for
the Clients or such affiliates, including the nature of the investment opportunity taken in the context of
market conditions at the time, consistent with the Advisory Agreement for the applicable Client, and
consistent with the policies and procedures adopted by the Adviser.
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Cross-Transactions
The Adviser may cause a Client to purchase investments from another Client or Affiliate Fund, or it has in
the past and may in the future cause a Client to sell investments to another Client or Affiliate Fund. Such
transactions create conflicts of interest because, by not exposing such buy and sell transactions to market
forces, a Client may not receive the best price otherwise possible. Additionally, in connection with such
transactions, the Adviser, the Affiliate Advisers and/or their professionals (i) may have significant
investments, or intentions to invest, in an Affiliate Fund that is selling and/or purchasing such an investment
to a Client or (ii) otherwise have a direct or indirect interest in the investment (such as through certain other
participations in the investment). The Affiliate Advisers may receive management or other fees in
connection with their management of the relevant Affiliate Fund involved in such a transaction. To address
these conflicts of interest, the Adviser will ensure that it (a) considers its respective duties to each Client,
(b) determines whether the purchase or sale and price or other terms are comparable to what could be
obtained through an arm’s length transaction with a third party, whether or not part of a formal fairness
opinion, “request for proposal” process, or proposal or quotation provided exclusively for the benefit of the
Adviser, and (iii) obtains any required approvals of the transaction’s terms and conditions.
Principal Transactions
Section 206 under the Advisers Act regulates principal transactions among an investment adviser and its
affiliates, on the one hand, and the clients thereof, on the other hand. Very generally, if an investment
adviser or an affiliate thereof proposes to purchase a security from, or sell a security to, a client (what is
commonly referred to as a “principal transaction”), the adviser must make certain disclosures to the client
of the terms of the proposed transaction and obtain the client’s consent prior to the settlement of any
principal transaction. In connection with the Adviser’s management of the Clients, the Adviser and the
Affiliate Advisers from time to time engage in principal transactions, subject to receiving the consent
required under Section 206. The Adviser has established certain policies and procedures to comply with
the requirements of the Advisers Act as they relate to principal transactions, including that disclosures
required by Section 206 of the Advisers Act be made to the applicable Client(s) regarding any proposed
principal transactions and that any required prior consent to the transaction be received. In addition, the
Advisory Agreement of each applicable Client contain additional restrictions on the ability of such Client or
the Adviser to engage in principal transactions.
Access to Insider Information
As a result of participation by representatives of the Adviser or the Affiliate Advisers on boards of certain
companies, and/or as a result of confidentiality agreements or non-disclosure agreements entered into by
the Adviser or the Affiliate Advisers or otherwise, the Adviser may acquire confidential or material, non-
public information or be restricted from initiating transactions in certain securities. The Adviser will not be
free to act upon any such information, which may serve to restrict the Clients in their investment activities.
Due to these restrictions, a Client may not be able to initiate a transaction that it otherwise might have
initiated and may not be able to sell an investment that it otherwise might have sold. Such possession of
material, non-public information may create a conflict of interest involving (i) the duties and obligations of
the Adviser, the Affiliate Advisers, or their representatives to the companies on whose boards these
representatives participate and (ii) a Client’s ability to effect purchases and sales of the securities of such
companies. Inadvertent trading on material, non-public information could have material adverse effects on
the Adviser’s reputation, result in the imposition of regulatory or financial sanctions and, as a consequence,
negatively impact the Adviser’s ability to perform its investment management services on behalf of the
Clients. The Adviser and the Affiliate Advisers maintain a Code of Ethics that limits their employees’ ability
to engage in personal trading and allows the Adviser and the Affiliate Advisers to monitor for such activity.
In addition, the Adviser and the Affiliate Advisers receive and generate various kinds of company data and
other information, including information related to financial, industry, market, business operations, trends,
budgets, plans, employees, contractors, customers, suppliers, competitors and other metrics, some of
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which is sometimes referred to as “big data.” This information may, in certain instances, include material,
non-public information received or generated in connection with efforts on behalf of one Client’s or an
Affiliate Fund’s investment (or prospective investment) in an investment. As a result, the Adviser may be
better able to anticipate macroeconomic and other trends, financial opportunities and otherwise develop
investment strategies. The Adviser may enter into agreements that may limit the distribution and use of
such data. Subject to the limitations of such agreements and applicable securities laws, the Adviser, the
Affiliate Advisers, or certain other Clients or the Affiliate Funds may in the future use or benefit from this
information without being required to compensate the Client from which such information was obtained. In
addition, the Adviser may have an incentive to pursue investments based on the data and information
expected to be received or generated from such potential investment. Furthermore, except for (i) contractual
obligations to third parties to maintain confidentiality of certain information, (ii) policies, practices and
procedures designed to ensure confidentiality of trade secrets and (iii) compliance with applicable data
privacy laws, laws prohibiting insider trading, anti-competition laws and laws protecting national security
interests, the Adviser is generally free to use data and information from a Client’s activities in its sole
discretion for the benefit of the Adviser and other Clients. The Adviser has in the past and is likely in the
future to utilize such information, subject to contractual restrictions and applicable securities laws, to benefit
the Adviser, the Affiliate Advisers or certain Clients and Affiliate Funds in a manner that may otherwise
present a conflict of interest resulting from the particular facts and circumstances.
Conflicts Relating to the Adviser
It is expected that Adviser Personnel and its affiliates responsible for managing a particular Client will have
responsibilities with respect to other Clients (and, in the case of certain employees, with respect to Affiliate
Funds), including funds or accounts that may be raised or established in the future. Conflicts of interest
may arise in allocating time, services or functions of Adviser Personnel. Adviser Personnel have an
incentive to allocate more time, services or functions to better performing Clients or Clients from which they
derive a higher economic benefit.
The Adviser may, in its discretion, contract with any related person of the Adviser of an Affiliate Adviser
(including, but not limited to, a company in the investment portfolio of an Affiliate Fund) to perform services
for the Adviser in connection with its provision of services to the Clients. When engaging a related person
to provide such services, the Adviser may have an incentive to recommend the related person even if
another person may be more qualified to provide the applicable services and/or can provide such services
at a lesser cost.
The Adviser generally may, in its discretion, recommend to a Client (in response to a solicitation for a
recommendation or otherwise) that it contract for services with (i) the Adviser or a related person of the
Adviser (including, but not limited to, a company in the investment portfolio of an Affiliate Fund) or (ii) an
entity with which the Adviser, an Affiliate Adviser or a member of their personnel has a relationship or from
which the Adviser, an Affiliate Adviser or their personnel otherwise derives financial or other benefit. Such
relationships may influence the decisions that the Adviser makes with respect to the Clients. When making
such a recommendation, the Adviser may, because of its financial or other business interests, have an
incentive to recommend the related or other person even if another person is more qualified to provide the
applicable services and/or can provide such services at a lesser cost.
The Adviser, the Affiliate Advisers and their personnel have in the past and may in the future buy securities
in transactions offered to but rejected by Clients, or buy securities in transactions that were not available
as appropriate for Client investment. A conflict of interest may arise because such investing personnel will,
for some investments, benefit from the evaluation, investigation and due diligence undertaken by the
Adviser on behalf of a Client. In such circumstances, the investing personnel will not necessarily share or
reimburse the relevant Client(s) and/or the Adviser for any expenses incurred in connection with the
investment opportunity and the Adviser will make any determination to cause the investing personnel to
share or reimburse the relevant Client(s) and/or the Adviser for any expenses on a case by case basis in
its sole discretion.
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In addition, the Adviser, the Affiliate Advisers and their personnel also buy securities and hold interests as
passive investors in other investment vehicles (including venture capital funds, hedge funds, real estate
funds, private equity funds and other similar investment vehicles) which may invest in similar industries and
sectors as the Client. The Adviser, the Affiliate Advisers and their personnel also invest, directly or
indirectly, in the same Underlying Funds as Clients. Such investing personnel have a conflict of interest
with respect to their personal investment holdings. There could be situations in which such investment
vehicles invest in the same investments as the Clients or their Underlying Funds, and there may be
situations in which such investment vehicles purchase securities from, or sell securities to, a Client. Such
transactions are subject to the policies and procedures set forth in the Adviser’s Code of Ethics.
Adviser Personnel and personnel of the Affiliate Advisers have family members that are actively involved
in industries and sectors in which the Clients invest or have business, personal, financial, or other
relationships with companies in such industries and sectors (including service providers described below)
or other industries, which gives rise to conflicts of interest. Moreover, in certain instances, the Clients may
purchase or sell interests from or to, or otherwise transact with entities that are owned by such family
members or in respect of which such family members have other involvement. The fees for services
provided by such service providers may or may not be at the same rate charged by other third-party service
providers, and the Adviser is not required to select service providers who may have lower rates (or to
engage in any benchmarking of such fees). In most such circumstances, the Clients’ Governing Documents
will not preclude the Clients from undertaking any of these investment activities or transactions.
Clients from time to time invest in securities in which the Adviser, the Affiliate Advisers and their personnel
have previously invested for their own accounts. Furthermore, the Adviser, the Affiliate Advisers and their
personnel from time to time invest for their own accounts in securities of companies in which Clients have
previously invested. While the significant interests of such investing personnel generally align with the
interests of such persons with the Clients, such persons may have differing interests from a Client with
respect to such investments (for example, with respect to the availability and timing of liquidity).
Certain expenses are paid for on behalf of a Client or, if incurred by the Adviser, are reimbursed by a Client.
However, the Adviser may not necessarily seek out the lowest cost options when incurring (or causing a
Client to incur) such expenses since other mitigating factors may prevail over cost.
In the future, certain Clients may be offered ownership interests in the Adviser in amounts determined by
the Adviser in its sole discretion. To the extent profits are generated in the future with respect to the
Adviser’s activities, such Clients would receive a portion of such profits and would benefit from such
activities. Any such fees and amounts shared with such Clients would not be shared or otherwise benefit
any other non-owner Client.
Service Providers
The Adviser and/or the Affiliate Advisers may engage or refer service providers to provide services to the
Adviser and/or a Clients including services during the due diligence process. Such service providers are,
in certain circumstances, current, former or prospective investors in an Affiliate Fund or affiliates of such
investors, current and former officers and employees of current and former portfolio companies held by
Affiliate Funds, and current and former service providers to current and former portfolio companies of
Affiliate Funds. This creates a conflict of interest, as the investment by such service providers in an Affiliate
Fund may influence the Adviser in deciding whether to select such a service provider or have other
relationships with the Adviser. The Adviser may have a conflict of interest with a Client in recommending
the retention or continuation of a service provider to such Client if such recommendation, for example, is
motivated by a belief that the service provider will continue to invest in Affiliate Funds or will provide the
Adviser or the Affiliate Advisers information about markets and industries in which the Adviser or the Affiliate
Advisers operate (or are contemplating operations) or is otherwise or is interested or will provide other
services that are beneficial to the Adviser or the Affiliate Advisers. Additionally, employees of the Adviser,
the Affiliate Advisers, their affiliates and/or their family members or relatives may have ownership,
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employment, or other interests in such service providers. These relationships that an Adviser may have
with a service provider can influence the Adviser in determining whether to select such service provider to
perform services for a Client.
As part of the Adviser’s business, the Adviser, Affiliate Advisers, and other Adviser Personnel have
developed many relationships with third parties which have the potential to raise conflicts of interest. Such
third parties include investment bankers, lenders, consultants, professional advisors (such as attorneys and
accountants), co-investors, current and former directors, officers, employees and contractors of current and
former portfolio companies, current and former service providers to current and former portfolio companies,
former employees and contractors and members of the Adviser. Certain of these third parties: (i) introduce
investment opportunities to the Adviser and/or Affiliate Advisers; (ii) arrange for, or facilitate the financing
of, the purchase or recapitalization of current and potential investments; (iii) facilitate the disposition of
portfolio companies, or (iv) provide investment banking, consulting, legal or advisory services to the Adviser,
Affiliate Advisers, the Clients or investments. Certain other service providers to the Adviser, the Affiliate
Advisers, the Clients and/or the Affiliate Funds, or affiliates of such service providers, also provide goods
or other services to or have business, personal, financial or other relationships with the Adviser, Adviser
Personnel, the Affiliate Advisers, or their respective employees, partners, members, shareholders, officers,
directors and managers. These service providers (or their employees) may also be the source of investment
opportunities, be co-investors or commercial counterparties or entities in which the Adviser, the Affiliate
Advisers, the Clients and/or the Affiliate Funds have an investment. In addition, such third parties may
invest in one or more Affiliate Funds, provide other significant business or investment services to the
Adviser, the Clients and/or Affiliate Funds and/or investments, or compete with the Clients for investment
opportunities. These relationships create conflicts of interest as the Adviser will have incentives to select or
recommend any such third-party to perform services for the Clients or an investment. The cost of any
services provided by such third parties will generally be borne directly or indirectly by the Clients.
Whether or not the Adviser or any of its affiliates has a relationship with or receives financial or other benefit
from recommending a particular service provider, there can be no assurance that a more qualified and/or
lower-cost service provider could not be obtained. The terms of any transaction involving the provision of
goods or services to the Clients will be determined by the Adviser in its sole discretion and could differ
significantly from the terms that would be obtained in an arm’s length transaction between unaffiliated
parties. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser will only select a service provider to the extent the
Adviser determines that doing so is appropriate for a Client given all surrounding facts and circumstances
and is consistent with the Adviser’s responsibilities under applicable law, provided, however, the Adviser
will not necessarily seek out the lowest-cost option when engaging such service providers as other factors
or considerations will likely prevail over cost.
In addition, the Adviser, Adviser Personnel, Affiliate Advisers, Client and/or Affiliate Funds may engage
common service providers. In such circumstances, there may be a conflict of interest between the Adviser
and the Affiliate Advisers and their personnel, on the one hand, and a Client on the other hand, in
determining whether to engage such service providers, including the possibility that the Adviser may favor
the engagement or continued engagement of such persons if it or its personnel receives a benefit from
such service providers, such as lower fees, that it would not receive absent the engagement of such service
provider by a Client. Neither the Clients nor investors in the Funds will typically receive the benefit of any
such favorable rate or discount provided to the Adviser, Adviser Affiliates and their personnel. The Adviser,
the Affiliate Advisers and their personnel may from time to time receive a discount on services provided to
it by such a common service provider even though a Client may receive a lesser, or no, discount. In addition,
different Clients may receive different levels of discounts. Service providers may, on occasion, charge
varying amounts or may have different fee arrangements for different types of services depending on, for
example, the complexity of the matter, the expertise required, and the time demands of the service provider.
As a result, to the extent the services required by the Adviser, the Affiliate Advisers, their personnel or
Affiliate Funds differ from those required by the Clients, the Adviser, the Affiliate Advisers, their personnel
or Affiliate Funds may pay different rates and fees than those paid by the Clients, which will not offset the
fees charged by the Adviser or otherwise benefit the Clients. In the event of a significant dispute or
21
divergence of interest between Clients and the Adviser, the parties may engage separate counsel in the
sole discretion of the Adviser, and in litigation and other circumstances separate representation may be
required.
Services required by a Client (including some services historically provided by the Adviser or its affiliates
to the Clients) may, for reasons of efficiency or other economic considerations be outsourced in whole or
in part to third parties or licensed software, in each case in the discretion of the Adviser or its affiliates. The
Adviser and its affiliates have an incentive to outsource such services at the expense of the Clients to,
among other things, leverage the use of Adviser personnel. Such services may include, without limitation,
information technology, license software, research, trading, asset management, depository, data
processing, administration, custodial, accounting, valuation, compliance, corporate secretarial, director
services, regulatory, legal and tax support and other similar services. Outsourcing may not occur universally
for all Clients and accordingly, certain costs may be incurred by a Client for a third-party service provider
that is not incurred for comparable services by other Clients. The decision by the Adviser to initially perform
a service for a Client in-house does not preclude a later decision to outsource such services (or any
additional services) in whole or in part to a third-party service provider in the future, and the Adviser has no
obligation to inform such Clients or investors in the Funds of such a change.
The Adviser may also be confronted with tasks that can be accomplished either by its employees (including
secondees) or by third-party service providers or vendors. The Adviser’s allocation of such tasks may be
influenced by whether the Adviser or a Client would bear the fees and expenses of a third-party service
provider or vendor. Due to, among other things, limited internal resources, the Adviser may be incentivized
to allocate such tasks related to Clients to third-party service providers or vendors (including in cases where
its employees may be able to accomplish such a task faster or with higher quality than a third-party service
provider or vendor), such that the Clients would bear the fees and costs thereof.
Other Potential Conflicts
The Governing Documents of a Client establish complex arrangements among the Clients, the Adviser, a
Fund’s investors, and other relevant parties. From time to time, questions may arise regarding certain
parties’ rights and obligations in certain situations, some of which may not have been contemplated upon
the negotiation and execution of such documents. In some instances, the operative provisions of the
Governing Documents, if any, may be broad, unclear, general, conflicting, ambiguous, and vague and may
allow for multiple reasonable interpretations. In other instances, there may not be a directly applicable
provision. While the Adviser will construe the relevant provisions in good faith and in a manner consistent
with its legal obligations, the interpretations used may not be the most favorable to a Client or a Fund’s
investors.
The Adviser has in the past and may, from time to time in the future, cause one or more Clients to purchase,
and/or bear premiums, fees, costs and expenses (including any expenses or fees of insurance brokers) for
insurance to insure the applicable Clients, the general partners of the applicable Funds, the Adviser and/or
their respective directors, officers, employees, agents, representatives and other indemnified parties,
against liability in connection with the activities of the Clients. This may include a portion of any premiums,
fees, costs and expenses for one or more “umbrella” or other insurance policies maintained by the Adviser
that cover one or more Clients and/or the Adviser (including their respective directors, officers, employees,
agents, representatives and other indemnified parties). The Adviser will seek to make judgments on a fair
and reasonable basis about the allocation of premiums, fees, costs and expenses for such insurance
policies among one or more Clients, and/or the Adviser, and may make corrective allocations should it
determine subsequently that such corrections are necessary or advisable. There can be no assurance that
a different allocation would not result in a Client bearing less (or more) premiums, fees, costs and expenses
for insurance policies.
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Item 12. Brokerage Practices
Selection of Broker-Dealers
For certain of the Clients, the Adviser has discretion over the purchase and sale of investments (including
the size of such transactions) and the broker or dealer, if any, to be used to effect transactions. In placing
each transaction for a Client involving a broker-dealer, the Adviser will seek “best execution” of the
transaction except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions in exchange for
brokerage and research services (as discussed below). “Best execution” means obtaining for a Client
account the lowest total cost (in purchasing a security) or highest total proceeds (in selling a security),
taking into account the circumstances of the transaction and the reputability and reliability of the executing
broker or dealer. Best execution is not limited solely to the consideration of the best available commission
rate.
In determining whether a particular broker or dealer is likely to provide best execution in a particular
transaction, the Adviser takes into account all factors that it deems relevant to the broker’s or dealer’s
execution capability, including, by way of illustration, price, the size of the transaction, the nature of the
market for the security, the amount of the commission, the timing of the transaction taking into account
market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker or dealer, and the
quality of service rendered by the broker or dealer in other transactions. In addition, the Adviser may
consider the use of Electronic Communications Networks (“ECNs”) when placing trades on behalf of a
Client. When purchasing or selling over-the-counter securities with market makers, the Adviser generally
seeks to select market makers it believes to be actively and effectively trading the security being purchased
or sold.
In order to monitor best execution, the Adviser, in consultation with the Adviser’s Compliance Department,
periodically monitors broker-dealers to assess the quality of execution of brokerage transactions effected
on behalf of the Adviser and each Client.
Aggregation of Orders
The Adviser and the Affiliate Advisers may aggregate (or bunch) the orders of more than one Client (and
Affiliate Fund) for the purchase or sale of the same publicly traded security. The Adviser often employs this
practice because larger transactions may enable them to obtain better overall prices, including lower
commission costs or mark-ups or mark-downs. The Adviser and the Affiliate Advisers may combine orders
on behalf of Clients with orders for other Clients (and Affiliate Funds) for which it or the Affiliate Advisers
has trading authority, or in which it or the Affiliate Advisers have an economic interest. In such cases, the
Adviser generally aggregates trade orders for publicly traded securities so that each participating Client
(and Affiliate Fund) will receive the average price for each execution of a transaction. There may, however,
be instances in which trade aggregation could result in a less favorable transaction than a particular Client
would have obtained by trading separately. Similarly, when orders are not bunched, there may be
circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more Clients will have an adverse
effect on other Clients.
If an order for more than one Client (or Affiliate Fund) for a publicly traded security cannot be fully executed,
allocation shall be made based upon the Adviser’s procedures for allocation of investment opportunities,
as described in Item 11 above.
Item 13. Review of Accounts
Oversight and Monitoring
The Adviser provides continuous advisory services for Clients. The portfolio investments of each Client are
continuously reviewed and monitored by a team of investment professionals. The Adviser performs other
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reviews, such as are required by the Client. In addition, the portfolio investments of the Funds are also
reviewed by the sub-adviser pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement.
Reporting
The Adviser distributes to investors in the Funds performance updates each quarter and capital account
balance updates. The Adviser has engaged an independent public accounting firm to prepare and deliver
audited financial statements of the Funds to investors in the Funds, in each case within 180 days of the
end of each fiscal year or as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter. The Adviser may from time to time,
in its sole discretion, provide additional information relating to such Fund to one or more investors in such
Fund as it deems appropriate.
At end of each quarter, the Adviser also furnishes each Separate Account Client with a quarterly investment
report for its Account that provides detailed information on, among other things, performance cash-flow
adjusted updates as well as information on holdings, the most recent available value of holdings,
acquisitions and dispositions and fees and expenses (as is available from Underlying Fund Managers).
The Adviser may from time to time, in its sole discretion, provide additional information relating to such
Separate Account Client as it deems appropriate.
Item 14. Client Referrals and Other Compensation
For details regarding economic benefits provided to the Adviser by non-clients, including a description of
related material conflicts of interest and how they are addressed, please see Item 11 above. In addition,
the Adviser and its related persons, in certain instances, receive discounts on products and services
provided by investments of Affiliate Funds (including current and former portfolio companies of Affiliate
Funds) and/or the customers or suppliers of such portfolio companies.
Item 15. Custody
As the Adviser does not have any Clients yet, the Adviser does not have custody of Client funds or
securities.
Item 16.
Investment Discretion
The Adviser provides investment advice directly to each Fund pursuant to the Governing Documents of
such Fund and not individually to the investors in the Funds. Similarly, the Adviser provides investment
advice directly to each Separate Account Client pursuant to a written Advisory Agreement. With respect to
the Funds, the Adviser has discretionary authority to manage the assets of the Funds and pursuant to each
Separate Account Client’s Advisory Agreement, the Adviser may have either discretionary or non-
discretionary authority to manage the Separate Account Client’s assets. Powers of attorney and any
restrictions on the Adviser’s authority are set forth in the Governing Documents or Advisory Agreement with
respect to each Client.
Item 17. Voting Client Securities
The Adviser has established written policies and procedures setting forth the principles and procedures by
which the Adviser votes or gives consent with respect to securities owned by a Client (“Votes”). The guiding
principle by which the Adviser votes all Votes is to vote in the best interests of each Client by maximizing
the economic value of the relevant Client’s holdings, taking into account the relevant Client’s investment
horizon, the contractual obligations under the relevant Governing Documents and all other relevant facts
and circumstances the Adviser determines to be appropriate at the time of the Vote. The Adviser does not
permit voting decisions to be influenced in any manner that is contrary to, or dilutive of, this guiding principle.
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It is the Adviser’s general policy to vote or give consent on all matters presented to security holders in any
Vote. However, the Adviser reserves the right to abstain on any particular Vote or otherwise withhold its
vote or consent on any matter if, in the judgment of the Adviser’s CCO, General Counsel or the relevant
Adviser investment professional, the costs associated with voting such Vote outweigh the benefits to the
relevant Clients or if the circumstances make such an abstention or withholding otherwise advisable and in
the best interests of the relevant Clients.
Clients generally cannot direct the Adviser’s Vote. However, the Advisory Agreements with respect to
certain Separate Account Clients allow such Separate Account Clients to instruct the Adviser to vote a Vote
in certain matters. If so instructed, the Adviser is required to follow such instruction, subject to applicable
law.
All voting decisions initially are referred to the Adviser’s CCO or appropriate investment professional for a
voting decision. In most cases, the CCO or investment professional covering the particular investment will
make the decision as to the appropriate vote for any particular Vote. In making such decision, he or she
may rely on any of the information and/or research available to him or her. If the investment professional is
making the voting decision, the investment professional will inform the CCO of any such voting decision,
and if the CCO does not object to such decision as a result of his or her conflict of interest review, the Vote
will be voted in such manner. If at any time any investment professional becomes aware of any potential or
actual conflict of interest or perceived conflict of interest regarding any particular voting decision, he or she
is required to contact the Adviser’s CCO or General Counsel. If any investment professional is pressured
or lobbied either from within or outside of the Adviser with respect to any particular voting decision, he or
she is required to contact the Adviser’s General Counsel. If the investment professional and the CCO are
unable to arrive at an agreement as to how to vote, then the CCO will review the issues and arrive at a
decision based on the overriding principle of seeking the maximization of the economic value of the relevant
Client’s holdings.
The Adviser’s CCO has the responsibility to monitor Votes for any conflicts of interest, regardless of whether
they are actual or perceived. All voting decisions will require a mandatory conflicts of interest review by the
Adviser’s CCO and/or General Counsel in accordance with the Adviser’s Voting Policies and Procedures,
which will include consideration of whether the Adviser or any investment professional or other person
recommending how to vote and/or the Affiliate Advisers and their clients has an interest in how the Vote is
voted that may present a conflict of interest. In addition, all Adviser investment professionals are expected
to perform their tasks relating to the voting of Votes in accordance with the principles set forth above,
according the first priority to the best interest of the relevant Clients. The Adviser’s CCO and/or General
Counsel will use his, her or their best judgment to address any such conflict of interest and ensure that it is
resolved in accordance with his, her or their independent assessment of the best interests of the Clients
and in accordance with the Clients’ and the Adviser’s contractual obligations.
Where the Adviser’s General Counsel or Compliance Committee deems appropriate in his, her or its sole
discretion, unaffiliated third parties may be used to help resolve conflicts or to otherwise assist the Adviser
in fulfilling all or part of its voting obligations. In this regard, the Adviser can retain independent fiduciaries,
consultants, or professionals to assist with voting decisions and/or to which voting and/or consent powers
may be delegated in accordance with its proxy voting policies and procedures (including, for the avoidance
of doubt, professionals primarily affiliated with an Affiliate Adviser).
Copies of relevant proxy logs, identifying how proxies were voted in connection with a Client and copies
of proxy voting policies are available to any Client upon written request to:
compliance@castlerockadvisors.com.
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Item 18. Financial Information
There is no financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair the Adviser’s ability to meet contractual
commitments to a Client. Further, the Adviser has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time
during the past ten years.
Item 19. Requirements for State-Registered Advisers
Item 19 is not applicable to the Adviser as it is not registering or registered with one or more state
securities authorities.
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