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Item 1: Cover Page
Part 2A of Form ADV: Firm Brochure
March 2025
9465 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 840
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
Firm Contact:
Shannon McLaughlin
Chief Compliance Officer & Chief Operating Officer
This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of CA Family
Wealth, LLC dba Boulevard Family Wealth. If clients have any questions about the contents of this
brochure, please contact us at 877-556-5550. The information in this brochure has not been
approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or by any State
Securities Authority. Additional information about our firm is also available on the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov by searching CRD #285229.
Please note that the use of the term “registered investment adviser” and description of our firm
and/or our associates as “registered” does not imply a certain level of skill or training. Clients are
encouraged to review this Brochure and Brochure Supplements for our firm’s associates who advise
clients for more information on the qualifications of our firm and our employees.
Item 2: Material Changes
Boulevard Family Wealth is required to make clients aware of information that has changed since the
last update to the Firm Brochure (“Brochure”) and that may be important to them. Clients can then
determine whether to review the Brochure in its entirety or to contact us with questions about the
changes.
Since our last annual amendment filing, we have terminated our affiliated Registered Investment
Adviser, Boulevard Family Wealth Services, LLC.
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Item 3: Table of Contents
Item 1: Cover Page .................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Item 2: Material Changes ...................................................................................................................................................... 2
Item 3: Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Item 4: Advisory Business.................................................................................................................................................... 4
Item 5: Fees & Compensation ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management ........................................................................... 7
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements .................................................................................................... 7
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss ................................................................... 8
Item 9: Disciplinary Information..................................................................................................................................... 19
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations .................................................................................. 19
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in ............................................................................................... 20
Client Transactions & Personal Trading ...................................................................................................................... 20
Item 12: Brokerage Practices ........................................................................................................................................... 21
Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans ....................................................................................................... 25
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation ..................................................................................................... 25
Item 15: Custody .................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Item 16: Investment Discretion ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Item 17: Voting Client Securities ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Item 18: Financial Information ........................................................................................................................................ 27
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Item 4: Advisory Business
Our firm is dedicated to providing individuals and other types of clients with a wide array of
investment advisory services. Our firm is a limited liability company formed under the laws of the
State of Delaware and has been in business as a Registered Investment Adviser since 2017. Our firm
is wholly owned by the Celenza Living Trust.
Our firm provides asset management and investment consulting services for many different types of
clients to help meet their financial goals while remaining sensitive to risk tolerance and time
horizons. As a fiduciary it is our duty to always act in the client’s best interest. This is accomplished
in part by knowing the client. Our firm has established a service-oriented advisory practice with open
lines of communication. Working with clients to understand their investment objectives while
educating them about our process facilitates the kind of working relationship we value.
Types of Advisory Services Offered
Portfolio Management:
As part of our Portfolio Management services, Clients are provided a combination of asset
management and financial planning or consulting services. This service is designed to assist clients
in meeting their financial goals through the use of a financial plan or consultation. Our firm conducts
client meetings to understand their current financial situation, existing resources, financial goals, and
tolerance for risk. Based on what is learned, an investment approach is presented to the client that
may consist of individual stocks, bonds, Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”), options, mutual funds and
other public and private securities or investments. Once the appropriate portfolio has been
determined, portfolios are continuously and regularly monitored, and if necessary, rebalanced based
upon the client’s individual needs, stated goals and objectives. Upon client request, our firm provides
a summary of observations and recommendations for the planning or consulting aspects of this
service.
Our firm has entered into a contractual relationship with Dynasty Financial Partners, LLC
(“Dynasty”), which provides our firm with operational and back office support including access to a
network of service providers. Through the Dynasty network of service providers, our firm may
receive preferred pricing on trading technology, reporting, custody, brokerage, compliance and other
related services. Dynasty charges a “Platform Fee,” for which, unless otherwise disclosed, the client
will be charged, separate from and in addition to such client’s annual investment management fee, as
described in Item 5 below. In addition, Dynasty’s subsidiary, Dynasty Wealth Management, LLC
(“DWM”) is an SEC registered investment adviser, that provides access to a range of investment
services including: separately managed accounts (“SMA”), mutual fund and ETF asset allocation
strategies, and unified managed accounts (“UMA”) managed by external third party managers
(collectively, the “Investment Programs”). Our firm and its clients may separately engage the services
of Dynasty and/or its subsidiaries to access the Investment Programs. Under the SMA and UMA
programs, our firm will maintain the ability to select the specific, underlying third party managers
that will, in turn, have day-to-day discretionary trading authority over the requisite client assets.
DWM sponsors an investment management platform (the “Platform” or the “TAMP") that is available
to the advisers in the Dynasty Network, such as Boulevard Family Wealth. Through the Platform,
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DWM and Dynasty collectively provide certain technology, administrative, operations and advisory
support services that allow advisers to manage their own portfolios and access independent third-
party managers that provide discretionary services in the form of traditional managed accounts and
investment models. Advisers can allocate all or a portion of client assets among the different
independent third-party managers via the Platform. Advisers may also use the model management
feature of the TAMP by creating their own asset allocation model and underlying investments that
comprise the model. Through the model management feature, advisers may be able to outsource the
implementation of trade orders and periodic rebalancing of the model when needed.
Our firm will maintain the direct contractual relationship with each client and obtain, through such
agreements, the authority to engage independent third-party managers, DWM and/or Dynasty, as
applicable, for services rendered through the Platform in service of such client. Our firm may delegate
discretionary trading authority to DWM and/or independent third-party managers to effect
investment and reinvestment of client assets with the ability to buy, sell or otherwise effect
investment transactions and allocate client assets. If a client is participating in certain Investment
Programs, DWM or the designated manager, as applicable, is also authorized without prior
consultation of our firm or the client to buy, sell, trade or allocate such client’s assets in accordance
with the client’s designated portfolio and to deliver instructions to the designated broker-dealer
and/or custodian of such client’s assets.
Financial Planning & Consulting:
Our firm provides a variety of standalone financial planning and consulting services to clients for the
management of financial resources based upon an analysis of current situation, goals, and objectives.
Financial planning services will typically involve preparing a financial plan or rendering a financial
consultation for clients based on the client’s financial goals and objectives. This planning or
consulting may encompass Investment Planning, Retirement Planning, Estate Planning, Charitable
Planning, Education Planning, Corporate and Personal Tax Planning, Cost Segregation Study,
Corporate Structure, Real Estate Analysis, Mortgage/Debt Analysis, Insurance Analysis, Lines of
Credit Evaluation, or Business and Personal Financial Planning.
Written financial plans or financial consultations rendered to clients usually include general
recommendations for a course of activity or specific actions to be taken by the clients.
Implementation of the recommendations will be at the discretion of the client. Our firm provides
clients with a summary of their financial situation, and observations for financial planning
engagements. Financial consultations are not typically accompanied by a written summary of
observations and recommendations, as the process is less formal than the planning service. Assuming
that all the information and documents requested from the client are provided promptly, plans or
consultations are typically completed within six months of the client signing a contract with our firm.
Tailoring of Advisory Services
Our firm offers individualized investment advice to our Portfolio Management clients. General
investment advice will be offered to our Financial Planning & Consulting clients. Each Portfolio
Management client has the opportunity to place reasonable restrictions on the types of investments to
be held in the portfolio. Restrictions on investments in certain securities or types of securities may not
be possible due to the level of difficulty this would entail in managing the account.
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Participation in Wrap Fee Programs
Our firm does not offer or sponsor a wrap fee program.
Regulatory Assets Under Management
Our firm manages $933,007,861 on a discretionary basis as of 12/31/2024.
Item 5: Fees & Compensation
Compensation for Our Advisory Services
Comprehensive Portfolio Management:
The maximum annual fee charged for this service will not exceed 1.50%. Fees to be assessed will be
outlined in the advisory agreement to be signed by the client. Annualized fees are billed quarterly in
advance, based upon the market value of the assets being managed by our firm on the last day of the
previous billing period as valued by the custodian of the assets. Due to a lag in reporting of valuations,
certain private securities will be billed upon their most recently available valuation which may not
be the most recent quarter end. If assets in excess of $50,000 are deposited into or withdrawn from
an account after the inception of a billing period, the fee payable with respect to such assets is
adjusted to reflect the interim change in portfolio value. Unless otherwise agreed to in writing,
advisory fees will be applicable to cash and cash equivalents. For the initial period of an engagement,
the fee is calculated on a pro rata basis. In the event the advisory account is terminated, the fee for
the final billing period is prorated through the effective date of the termination and the outstanding
or unearned portion of the fee is charged or refunded to the client, as appropriate.
Fees for third party manager services are incorporated into the advisory fee charged for our services.
Clients shall pay a single fee as disclosed to them in our agreement and we shall remit payment to the
chosen manager.
As part of this process, Clients understand the following:
a) The client’s independent custodian sends statements at least quarterly showing the market
values for each security included in the Assets and all account disbursements, including the
amount of the advisory fees paid to our firm; and
b) Clients will provide authorization permitting our firm to be directly paid by these terms. Our
firm will send an invoice directly to the custodian.
Financial Planning & Consulting:
Our firm charges on a flat fee basis for financial planning and consulting services. The total estimated
fee, as well as the ultimate fee charged, is based on the scope and complexity of our engagement with
the client. Flat fees will not exceed $100,000. Our firm requires a retainer of 50% of the ultimate
financial planning or consulting fee at the time of signing. The remainder of the fee will be directly
billed to the client and due within 30 days of a financial plan being delivered or consultation
rendered. Our firm will not require a retainer exceeding $1,200 when services cannot be rendered
within 6 months.
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Other Types of Fees & Expenses
Clients will incur transaction charges for trades executed in their accounts. These transaction fees
are separate from our firm’s advisory fees and will be disclosed by the chosen custodian. Schwab
recently eliminated transaction fees for U.S. listed equities and exchange traded funds. Clients may
also pay holdings charges imposed by the chosen custodian for certain investments, charges imposed
directly by a mutual fund, index fund, or exchange traded fund, which shall be disclosed in the fund’s
prospectus (i.e., fund management fees, initial or deferred sales charges, mutual fund sales loads,
12b-1 fees, surrender charges, variable annuity fees, IRA and qualified retirement plan fees, and other
fund expenses). Our firm does not receive a portion of these fees.
Termination & Refunds
Either party may terminate the advisory agreement signed with our firm for Portfolio Management
services in writing at any time. Upon notice of termination a pro-rata refund will be processed based
on the number of days remaining in the billing quarter.
Financial Planning & Consulting clients may terminate their agreement at any time before the
delivery of a financial plan by providing written notice. For the purpose of calculating refunds, all
work performed by us up to the point of termination shall be calculated at a rate of $550 per hour.
Clients will receive a pro-rata refund of unearned fees based on the time and effort expended by our
firm.
Commissionable Securities Sales
Representatives of our firm are registered representatives of The Leader’s Group, Inc., and PKS
Investments, members FINRA/SIPC. As such they are able to accept compensation for the sale of
securities or other investment products, including distribution or service (“trail”) fees. Clients should
be aware that the practice of accepting commissions for the sale of securities presents a conflict of
interest and gives our firm and/or our representatives an incentive to recommend investment
products based on the compensation received. Our firm generally addresses commissionable sales
conflicts that arise when explaining to clients these sales create an incentive to recommend based on
the compensation to be earned and/or when recommending commissionable mutual funds,
explaining that “no-load” funds are also available. Our firm does not prohibit clients from purchasing
recommended investment products through other unaffiliated brokers or agents.
Item 6: Performance-Based Fees & Side-By-Side Management
Our firm does not charge performance-based fees.
Item 7: Types of Clients & Account Requirements
Our firm has the following types of clients:
•
Individuals and High Net Worth Individuals;
• Trusts, Estates or Charitable Organizations;
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• Corporations, Limited Liability Companies and/or Other Business Types.
Our firm does not impose requirements for opening and maintaining accounts or otherwise engaging
us.
Item 8: Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies & Risk of Loss
The following methods of analysis and investment strategies may be utilized in formulating our
investment advice and/or managing client assets, provided that such methods and/or strategies are
appropriate to the needs of the client and consistent with the client's investment objectives, risk
tolerance, and time horizons, among other considerations.
General Risks of Owning Securities
The prices of securities held in client accounts and the income they generate may decline in response
to certain events taking place around the world. These include events directly involving the issuers
of securities held as underlying assets of mutual funds in a client’s account, conditions affecting the
general economy, and overall market changes. Other contributing factors include local, regional, or
global political, social, or economic instability and governmental or governmental agency responses
to economic conditions. Finally, currency, interest rate, and commodity price fluctuations may also
affect security prices and income.
The prices of, and the income generated by, most debt securities held by a client’s account may be
affected by changing interest rates and by changes in the effective maturities and credit ratings of
these securities. For example, the prices of debt securities in the client’s account generally will decline
when interest rates rise and increase when interest rates fall. In addition, falling interest rates may
cause an issuer to redeem, “call” or refinance a security before its stated maturity, which may result
in our firm having to reinvest the proceeds in lower yielding securities. Longer maturity debt
securities generally have higher rates of interest and may be subject to greater price fluctuations than
shorter maturity debt securities. Debt securities are also subject to credit risk, which is the possibility
that the credit strength of an issuer will weaken and/or an issuer of a debt security will fail to make
timely payments of principal or interest and the security will go into default.
The guarantee of a security backed by the U.S. Treasury or the full faith and credit of the U.S.
government only covers the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity. This
means that the current market values for these securities will fluctuate with changes in interest rates.
Investments in securities issued by entities based outside the United States may be subject to
increased levels of the risks described above. Currency fluctuations and controls, different
accounting, auditing, financial reporting, disclosure, regulatory and legal standards and practices
could also affect investments in securities of foreign issuers. Additional factors may include
expropriation, changes in tax policy, greater market volatility, different securities market structures,
and higher transaction costs.
Finally, various administrative difficulties, such as delays in clearing and settling portfolio
transactions, or in receiving payment of dividends can increase risk. Finally, investments in securities
issued by entities domiciled in the United States may also be subject to many of these risks.
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Methods of Analysis
Securities analysis methods rely on the assumption that the companies whose securities are
purchased and/or sold, the rating agencies that review these securities, and other publicly-available
sources of information about these securities, are providing accurate and unbiased data. While our
firm is alert to indications that data may be incorrect, there is always a risk that our firm’s analysis
may be compromised by inaccurate or misleading information.
Charting: In this type of technical analysis, our firm reviews charts of market and security activity in
an attempt to identify when the market is moving up or down and to predict when how long the trend
may last and when that trend might reverse.
Cyclical Analysis: Statistical analysis of specific events occurring at a sufficient number of relatively
predictable intervals that they can be forecasted into the future. Cyclical analysis asserts that cyclical
forces drive price movements in the financial markets. Risks include that cycles may invert or
disappear and there is no expectation that this type of analysis will pinpoint turning points, instead
be used in conjunction with other methods of analysis.
Fundamental Analysis: The analysis of a business's financial statements (usually to analyze the
business's assets, liabilities, and earnings), health, and its competitors and markets. When analyzing
a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one
can use: bottom up analysis and top down analysis. The terms are used to distinguish such analysis
from other types of investment analysis, such as quantitative and technical. Fundamental analysis is
performed on historical and present data, but with the goal of making financial forecasts. There are
several possible objectives: (a) to conduct a company stock valuation and predict its probable price
evolution; (b) to make a projection on its business performance; (c) to evaluate its management and
make internal business decisions; (d) and/or to calculate its credit risk.; and (e) to find out the
intrinsic value of the share.
When the objective of the analysis is to determine what stock to buy and at what price, there are two
basic methodologies investors rely upon: (a) Fundamental analysis maintains that markets may
misprice a security in the short run but that the "correct" price will eventually be reached. Profits can
be made by purchasing the mispriced security and then waiting for the market to recognize its
"mistake" and reprice the security.; and (b) Technical analysis maintains that all information is
reflected already in the price of a security. Technical analysts analyze trends and believe that
sentiment changes predate and predict trend changes. Investors' emotional responses to price
movements lead to recognizable price chart patterns. Technical analysts also analyze historical
trends to predict future price movement. Investors can use one or both of these different but
complementary methods for stock picking. This presents a potential risk, as the price of a security
can move up or down along with the overall market regardless of the economic and financial factors
considered in evaluating the stock.
Modern Portfolio Theory (“MPT”): A mathematical framework for assembling a portfolio of assets
such that the expected return is maximized for a given level of risk, defined as variance. Its key insight
is that an asset's risk and return should not be assessed by itself, but by how it contributes to a
portfolio's overall risk and return. MPT assumes that investors are risk averse, meaning that given
two portfolios that offer the same expected return, investors will prefer the less risky one. Thus, an
investor will take on increased risk only if compensated by higher expected returns. Conversely, an
investor who wants higher expected returns must accept more risk. The exact trade-off will be the
same for all investors, but different investors will evaluate the trade-off differently based on
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individual risk aversion characteristics. The implication is that a rational investor will not invest in a
portfolio if a second portfolio exists with a more favorable risk-expected return profile – i.e., if for
that level of risk an alternative portfolio exists that has better expected returns.
The risk, return, and correlation measures used by MPT are based on expected values, which means
that they are mathematical statements about the future (the expected value of returns is explicit in
the above equations, and implicit in the definitions of variance and covariance). In practice, investors
must substitute predictions based on historical measurements of asset return and volatility for these
values in the equations. Very often such expected values fail to take account of new circumstances
that did not exist when the historical data were generated. Mathematical risk measurements are also
useful only to the degree that they reflect investors' true concerns—there is no point minimizing a
variable that nobody cares about in practice. MPT uses the mathematical concept of variance to
quantify risk, and this might be justified under the assumption of elliptically distributed returns such
as normally distributed returns, but for general return distributions other risk measures (like
coherent risk measures) might better reflect investors' true preferences.
Mutual Fund and/or Exchange Traded Fund (“ETF”) Analysis: Analysis of the experience and
track record of the manager of the mutual fund or ETF in an attempt to determine if that manager
has demonstrated an ability to invest over a period of time and in different economic conditions. The
underlying assets in a mutual fund or ETF are also reviewed in an attempt to determine if there is
significant overlap in the underlying investments held in another fund(s) in the Client’s portfolio. The
funds or ETFs are monitored in an attempt to determine if they are continuing to follow their stated
investment strategy. A risk of mutual fund and/or ETF analysis is that, as in all securities investments,
past performance does not guarantee future results. A manager who has been successful may not be
able to replicate that success in the future. In addition, as our firm does not control the underlying
investments in a fund or ETF, managers of different funds held by the Client may purchase the same
security, increasing the risk to the Client if that security were to fall in value. There is also a risk that
a manager may deviate from the stated investment mandate or strategy of the fund or ETF, which
could make the holding(s) less suitable for the Client’s portfolio.
Technical Analysis: A security analysis methodology for forecasting the direction of prices through
the study of past market data, primarily price and volume. A fundamental principle of technical
analysis is that a market's price reflects all relevant information, so their analysis looks at the history
of a security's trading pattern rather than external drivers such as economic, fundamental and news
events. Therefore, price action tends to repeat itself due to investors collectively tending toward
patterned behavior – hence technical analysis focuses on identifiable trends and conditions.
Technical analysts also widely use market indicators of many sorts, some of which are mathematical
transformations of price, often including up and down volume, advance/decline data and other
inputs. These indicators are used to help assess whether an asset is trending, and if it is, the
probability of its direction and of continuation. Technicians also look for relationships between
price/volume indices and market indicators. Technical analysis employs models and trading rules
based on price and volume transformations, such as the relative strength index, moving averages,
regressions, inter-market and intra-market price correlations, business cycles, stock market cycles
or, classically, through recognition of chart patterns. Technical analysis is widely used among traders
and financial professionals and is very often used by active day traders, market makers and pit
traders. The risk associated with this type of analysis is that analysts use subjective judgment to
decide which pattern(s) a particular instrument reflects at a given time and what the interpretation
of that pattern should be.
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Third-Party Money Manager Analysis: The analysis of the experience, investment philosophies,
and past performance of independent third-party investment managers in an attempt to determine
if that manager has demonstrated an ability to invest over a period of time and in different economic
conditions. Analysis is completed by monitoring the manager’s underlying holdings, strategies,
concentrations and leverage as part of our overall periodic risk assessment. Additionally, as part of
the due-diligence process, the manager’s compliance and business enterprise risks are surveyed and
reviewed. A risk of investing with a third-party manager who has been successful in the past is that
they may not be able to replicate that success in the future. In addition, as our firm does not control
the underlying investments in a third-party manager’s portfolio, there is also a risk that a manager
may deviate from the stated investment mandate or strategy of the portfolio, making it a less suitable
investment for our clients. Moreover, as our firm does not control the manager’s daily business and
compliance operations, our firm may be unaware of the lack of internal controls necessary to prevent
business, regulatory or reputational deficiencies.
Asset Classes & Investment Strategies
Alternative Investments: Hedge funds, commodity pools, Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”),
Business Development Companies (“BDCs”), and other alternative investments involve a high degree
of risk and can be illiquid due to restrictions on transfer and lack of a secondary trading market. They
can be highly leveraged, speculative and volatile, and an investor could lose all or a substantial
amount of an investment. Alternative investments may lack transparency as to share price, valuation
and portfolio holdings. Complex tax structures often result in delayed tax reporting. Compared to
mutual funds, hedge funds and commodity pools are subject to less regulation and often charge
higher fees. Alternative investment managers typically exercise broad investment discretion and may
apply similar strategies across multiple investment vehicles, resulting in less diversification.
Asset Allocation: The implementation of an investment strategy that attempts to balance risk versus
reward by adjusting the percentage of each asset in an investment portfolio according to the
investor's risk tolerance, goals and investment time frame. Asset allocation is based on the principle
that different assets perform differently in different market and economic conditions. A fundamental
justification for asset allocation is the notion that different asset classes offer returns that are not
perfectly correlated, hence diversification reduces the overall risk in terms of the variability of
returns for a given level of expected return. Although risk is reduced as long as correlations are not
perfect, it is typically forecast (wholly or in part) based on statistical relationships (like correlation
and variance) that existed over some past period. Expectations for return are often derived in the
same way.
Debt Securities (Bonds): Issuers use debt securities to borrow money. Generally, issuers pay
investors periodic interest and repay the amount borrowed either periodically during the life of the
security and/or at maturity. Alternatively, investors can purchase other debt securities, such as zero
coupon bonds, which do not pay current interest, but rather are priced at a discount from their face
values and their values accrete over time to face value at maturity. The market prices of debt
securities fluctuate depending on such factors as interest rates, credit quality, and maturity. In
general, market prices of debt securities decline when interest rates rise and increase when interest
rates fall. Bonds with longer rates of maturity tend to have greater interest rate risks.
Certain additional risk factors relating to debt securities include: (a) When interest rates are
declining, investors have to reinvest their interest income and any return of principal, whether
scheduled or unscheduled, at lower prevailing rates.; (b) Inflation causes tomorrow’s dollar to be
worth less than today’s; in other words, it reduces the purchasing power of a bond investor’s future
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interest payments and principal, collectively known as “cash flows.” Inflation also leads to higher
interest rates, which in turn leads to lower bond prices.; (c) Debt securities may be sensitive to
economic changes, political and corporate developments, and interest rate changes. Investors can
also expect periods of economic change and uncertainty, which can result in increased volatility of
market prices and yields of certain debt securities. For example, prices of these securities can be
affected by financial contracts held by the issuer or third parties (such as derivatives) relating to the
security or other assets or indices. (d) Debt securities may contain redemption or call provisions
entitling their issuers to redeem them at a specified price on a date prior to maturity. If an issuer
exercises these provisions in a lower interest rate market, the account would have to replace the
security with a lower yielding security, resulting in decreased income to investors. Usually, a bond is
called at or close to par value. This subjects investors that paid a premium for their bond risk of lost
principal. In reality, prices of callable bonds are unlikely to move much above the call price if lower
interest rates make the bond likely to be called.; (e) If the issuer of a debt security defaults on its
obligations to pay interest or principal or is the subject of bankruptcy proceedings, the account may
incur losses or expenses in seeking recovery of amounts owed to it.; (f) There may be little trading in
the secondary market for particular debt securities, which may affect adversely the account's ability
to value accurately or dispose of such debt securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions,
whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and/or liquidity of debt
securities.
Our firm attempts to reduce the risks described above through diversification of the client’s portfolio
and by credit analysis of each issuer, as well as by monitoring broad economic trends and corporate
and legislative developments, but there can be no assurance that our firm will be successful in doing
so. Credit ratings for debt securities provided by rating agencies reflect an evaluation of the safety of
principal and interest payments, not market value risk. The rating of an issuer is a rating agency's
view of past and future potential developments related to the issuer and may not necessarily reflect
actual outcomes. There can be a lag between the time of developments relating to an issuer and the
time a rating is assigned and updated.
Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”): An ETF is a type of Investment Company (usually, an open-end
fund or unit investment trust) whose primary objective is to achieve the same return as a particular
market index. The vast majority of ETFs are designed to track an index, so their performance is close
to that of an index mutual fund, but they are not exact duplicates. A tracking error, or the difference
between the returns of a fund and the returns of the index, can arise due to differences in
composition, management fees, expenses, and handling of dividends. ETFs benefit from continuous
pricing; they can be bought and sold on a stock exchange throughout the trading day. Because ETFs
trade like stocks, you can place orders just like with individual stocks - such as limit orders, good-
until-canceled orders, stop loss orders etc. They can also be sold short. Traditional mutual funds are
bought and redeemed based on their net asset values (“NAV”) at the end of the day. ETFs are bought
and sold at the market prices on the exchanges, which resemble the underlying NAV but are
independent of it. However, arbitrageurs will ensure that ETF prices are kept very close to the NAV
of the underlying securities. Although an investor can buy as few as one share of an ETF, most buy in
board lots. Anything bought in less than a board lot will increase the cost to the investor. Anyone can
buy any ETF no matter where in the world it trades. This provides a benefit over mutual funds, which
generally can only be bought in the country in which they are registered.
One of the main features of ETFs are their low annual fees, especially when compared to traditional
mutual funds. The passive nature of index investing, reduced marketing, and distribution and
accounting expenses all contribute to the lower fees. However, individual investors must pay a
brokerage commission to purchase and sell ETF shares; for those investors who trade frequently,
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this can significantly increase the cost of investing in ETFs. That said, with the advent of low-cost
brokerage fees, small or frequent purchases of ETFs are becoming more cost efficient.
Equity Securities: Equity securities represent an ownership position in a company. Equity securities
typically consist of common stocks. The prices of equity securities fluctuate based on, among other
things, events specific to their issuers and market, economic and other conditions. For example,
prices of these securities can be affected by financial contracts held by the issuer or third parties
(such as derivatives) relating to the security or other assets or indices. There may be little trading in
the secondary market for particular equity securities, which may adversely affect Our firm 's ability
to value accurately or dispose of such equity securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions,
whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and/or liquidity of equity
securities. Investing in smaller companies may pose additional risks as it is often more difficult to
value or dispose of small company stocks, more difficult to obtain information about smaller
companies, and the prices of their stocks may be more volatile than stocks of larger, more established
companies. Clients should have a long-term perspective and, for example, be able to tolerate
potentially sharp declines in value.
Long-Term Purchases: Our firm may buy securities for your account and hold them for a relatively
long time (more than a year) in anticipation that the security’s value will appreciate over a long
horizon. The risk of this strategy is that our firm could miss out on potential short-term gains that
could have been profitable to your account, or it’s possible that the security’s value may decline
sharply before our firm make a decision to sell.
Master Limited Partnerships (“MLPs”): MLPs are publicly traded partnerships that trade mainly
on the New York Stock Exchange and/or the NASDAQ, the same as stocks. With a few exceptions,
MLPs hold and operate assets related to the transportation and storage of energy (certain MLPs may
have commodity risk). Most publicly traded companies are corporations. Corporate earnings are
usually taxed twice. The business entity is taxed on any money it makes and then shareholders are
taxed on the earnings the company distributes to them. In the 1980s, Congress allowed public trading
of certain types of companies as partnerships instead of corporations. The main advantage a
partnership has over a corporation is that partnerships are “pass through” entities for tax purposes.
This means that the company does not pay any tax on its earnings. Distributions are still taxed, but
this avoids the problem of double taxation that most publicly traded companies face. Congress
requires that any company designated as an MLP has to produce 90% of its earnings from “qualified
resources” (natural resources and real estate). Most MLPs are involved in energy infrastructure, i.e.
things like pipelines. MLPs are required to pay minimum quarterly distributions to limited partners.
A contract establishes the payments, so distributions are predictable. Otherwise, the shareholders
could find the company in breach of contract.
MLPs bear three primary risks: (a) The government could step in and change the rules of the game.
That can always happen. Since one of the main advantages of these securities is their tax advantages,
this poses a considerable risk for an investor.; (b) It is commonly thought that these types of
investments do better when interest rates are low, making their yield higher in relation to the safest
investments, such as Treasury bills and securities that are guaranteed by the U.S. government.
Consequently, MLPs may perform better during periods of declining or relative low interest rates and
more poorly during periods of rising or high interest rates.; and (c) MLPs are pass-through entities,
passing earnings through to the limited partners. Investors must be aware that there are potentially
significant tax implications of investing in MLPs and they should consult with their tax advisor before
investing in these securities.
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Mutual Funds: A mutual fund is a company that pools money from many investors and invests the
money in a variety of differing security types based the objectives of the fund. The portfolio of the
fund consists of the combined holdings it owns. Each share represents an investor’s proportionate
ownership of the fund’s holdings and the income those holdings generate. The price that investors
pay for mutual fund shares is the fund’s per share net asset value (“NAV”) plus any shareholder fees
that the fund imposes at the time of purchase (such as sales loads). Investors typically cannot
ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at any given time, nor can they directly influence
which securities the fund manager buys and sells or the timing of those trades. With an individual
stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close to real-time) pricing information with relative ease by
checking financial websites or by calling a broker or your investment adviser. Investors can also
monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour to hour—or even second to second. By contrast, with
a mutual fund, the price at which an investor purchases or redeems shares will typically depend on
the fund’s NAV, which is calculated daily after market close.
The benefits of investing through mutual funds include: (a) Mutual funds are professionally managed
by an investment adviser who researches, selects, and monitors the performance of the securities
purchased by the fund; (b) Mutual funds typically have the benefit of diversification, which is an
investing strategy that generally sums up as “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” Spreading
investments across a wide range of companies and industry sectors can help lower the risk if a
company or sector fails. Some investors find it easier to achieve diversification through ownership of
mutual funds rather than through ownership of individual stocks or bonds.; (c) Some mutual funds
accommodate investors who do not have a lot of money to invest by setting relatively low dollar
amounts for initial purchases, subsequent monthly purchases, or both.; and (d) At any time, mutual
fund investors can readily redeem their shares at the current NAV, less any fees and charges assessed
on redemption.
Mutual funds also have features that some investors might view as disadvantages: (a) Investors must
pay sales charges, annual fees, and other expenses regardless of how the fund performs. Depending
on the timing of their investment, investors may also have to pay taxes on any capital gains
distribution they receive. This includes instances where the fund went on to perform poorly after
purchasing shares.; (b) Investors typically cannot ascertain the exact make-up of a fund’s portfolio at
any given time, nor can they directly influence which securities the fund manager buys and sells or
the timing of those trades.; and (c) With an individual stock, investors can obtain real-time (or close
to real-time) pricing information with relative ease by checking financial websites or by calling a
broker or your investment adviser. Investors can also monitor how a stock’s price changes from hour
to hour—or even second to second. By contrast, with a mutual fund, the price at which an investor
purchases or redeems shares will typically depend on the fund’s NAV, which the fund might not
calculate until many hours after the investor placed the order. In general, mutual funds must calculate
their NAV at least once every business day, typically after the major U.S. exchanges close.
When investors buy and hold an individual stock or bond, the investor must pay income tax each year
on the dividends or interest the investor receives. However, the investor will not have to pay any
capital gains tax until the investor actually sells and makes a profit. Mutual funds are different. When
an investor buys and holds mutual fund shares, the investor will owe income tax on any ordinary
dividends in the year the investor receives or reinvests them. Moreover, in addition to owing taxes
on any personal capital gains when the investor sells shares, the investor may have to pay taxes each
year on the fund’s capital gains. That is because the law requires mutual funds to distribute capital
gains to shareholders if they sell securities for a profit, and cannot use losses to offset these gains.
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Options: An option is a financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party (the option
writer) to another party (the option holder). The contract offers the buyer the right, but not the
obligation, to buy (call) or sell (put) a security or other financial asset at an agreed-upon price (the
strike price) during a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise date). Options are
extremely versatile securities. Traders use options to speculate, which is a relatively risky practice,
while hedgers use options to reduce the risk of holding an asset. In terms of speculation, option
buyers and writers have conflicting views regarding the outlook on the performance of an
Call Option: Call options give the option to buy at certain price, so the buyer would want the stock to
go up. Conversely, the option writer needs to provide the underlying shares in the event that the
stock's market price exceeds the strike due to the contractual obligation. An option writer who sells
a call option believes that the underlying stock's price will drop relative to the option's strike price
during the life of the option, as that is how he will reap maximum profit. This is exactly the opposite
outlook of the option buyer. The buyer believes that the underlying stock will rise; if this happens,
the buyer will be able to acquire the stock for a lower price and then sell it for a profit. However, if
the underlying stock does not close above the strike price on the expiration date, the option buyer
would lose the premium paid for the call option.
Put Option: Put options give the option to sell at a certain price, so the buyer would want the stock to
go down. The opposite is true for put option writers. For example, a put option buyer is bearish on
the underlying stock and believes its market price will fall below the specified strike price on or
before a specified date. On the other hand, an option writer who shorts a put option believes the
underlying stock's price will increase about a specified price on or before the expiration date. If the
underlying stock's price closes above the specified strike price on the expiration date, the put option
writer's maximum profit is achieved. Conversely, a put option holder would only benefit from a fall
in the underlying stock's price below the strike price. If the underlying stock's price falls below the
strike price, the put option writer is obligated to purchase shares of the underlying stock at the strike
price.
The potential risks associated with these transactions are that (1) all options expire. The closer the
option gets to expiration, the quicker the premium in the option deteriorates; and (2) Prices can move
very quickly. Depending on factors such as time until expiration and the relationship of the stock
price to the option’s strike price, small movements in a stock can translate into big movements in the
underlying options.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”): REITs primarily invest in real estate or real estate-
related loans. Equity REITs own real estate properties, while mortgage REITs hold construction,
development and/or long-term mortgage loans. Changes in the value of the underlying property of
the trusts, the creditworthiness of the issuer, property taxes, interest rates, tax laws, and regulatory
requirements, such as those relating to the environment all can affect the values of REITs. Both types
of REITs are dependent upon management skill, the cash flows generated by their holdings, the real
estate market in general, and the possibility of failing to qualify for any applicable pass-through tax
treatment or failing to maintain any applicable exemptive status afforded under relevant laws.
Short-Term Purchases: When utilizing this strategy, our firm may also purchase securities with the
idea of selling them within a relatively short time (typically a year or less). Our firm do this in an
attempt to take advantage of conditions that our firm believe will soon result in a price swing in the
securities our firm purchase. The potential risk associated with this investment strategy is associated
with the currency or exchange rate. Currency or exchange rate risk is a form of risk that arises from
the change in price of one currency against another. The constant fluctuations in the foreign currency
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in which an investment is denominated vis-à-vis one's home currency may add risk to the value of a
security. Currency risk is greater for shorter term investments, which do not have time to level off
like longer term foreign investments.
Trading: Our firm purchase securities with the idea of selling them very quickly (typically within 30
days or less). Our firm do this in an attempt to take advantage of our predictions of brief price swings.
Trading involves risk that may not be suitable for every investor, and may involve a high volume of
trading activity. Each trade generates a commission and the total daily commission on such a high
volume of trading can be considerable. Active trading accounts should be considered speculative in
nature with the objective being to generate short-term profits. This activity may result in the loss of
more than 100% of an investment.
Risk of Loss
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. While the stock
market may increase and the account(s) could enjoy a gain, it is also possible that the stock market
may decrease and the account(s) could suffer a loss. It is important that clients understand the risks
associated with investing in the stock market, are appropriately diversified in investments, and ask
any questions.
Capital Risk: Capital risk is one of the most basic, fundamental risks of investing; it is the risk that
you may lose 100% of your money. All investments carry some form of risk and the loss of capital is
generally a risk for any investment instrument.
Company Risk: When investing in stock positions, there is always a certain level of company or
industry specific risk that is inherent in each investment. This is also referred to as unsystematic risk
and can be reduced through appropriate diversification. There is the risk that the company will
perform poorly or have its value reduced based on factors specific to the company or its industry.
For example, if a company’s employees go on strike or the company receives unfavorable media
attention for its actions, the value of the company may be reduced.
Credit Risk: Credit risk can be a factor in situations where an investment’s performance relies on a
borrower’s repayment of borrowed funds. With credit risk, an investor can experience a loss or
unfavorable performance if a borrower does not repay the borrowed funds as expected or required.
Investment holdings that involve forms of indebtedness (i.e. borrowed funds) are subject to credit
risk.
Currency Risk: Fluctuations in the value of the currency in which your investment is denominated
may affect the value of your investment and thus, your investment may be worth more or less in the
future. All currency is subject to swings in valuation and thus, regardless of the currency
denomination of any particular investment you own, currency risk is a realistic risk measure. That
said, currency risk is generally a much larger factor for investment instruments denominated in
currencies other than the most widely used currencies (U.S. dollar, British pound, German mark,
Euro, Japanese yen, French franc, etc.).
Economic Risk: The prevailing economic environment is important to the health of all businesses.
Some companies, however, are more sensitive to changes in the domestic or global economy than
others. These types of companies are often referred to as cyclical businesses. Countries in which a
large portion of businesses are in cyclical industries are thus also very economically sensitive and
carry a higher amount of economic risk. If an investment is issued by a party located in a country that
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experiences wide swings from an economic standpoint or in situations where certain elements of an
investment instrument are hinged on dealings in such countries, the investment instrument will
generally be subject to a higher level of economic risk.
Equity (Stock) Market Risk: Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations
and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their
issuers change. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, you
would generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks and debt obligations of
the issuer.
ETF & Mutual Fund Risk: When investing in an ETF or mutual fund, you will bear additional
expenses based on your pro rata share of the ETF’s or mutual fund’s operating expenses, including
the potential duplication of management fees. The risk of owning an ETF or mutual fund generally
reflects the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF or mutual fund holds. Clients will also
incur brokerage costs when purchasing ETFs.
Financial Risk: Financial risk is represented by internal disruptions within an investment or the
issuer of an investment that can lead to unfavorable performance of the investment. Examples of
financial risk can be found in cases like Enron or many of the dot com companies that were caught
up in a period of extraordinary market valuations that were not based on solid financial footings of
the companies.
Fixed Income Securities Risk: Typically, the values of fixed-income securities change inversely with
prevailing interest rates. Therefore, a fundamental risk of fixed-income securities is interest rate risk,
which is the risk that their value will generally decline as prevailing interest rates rise, which may
cause your account value to likewise decrease, and vice versa. How specific fixed income securities
may react to changes in interest rates will depend on the specific characteristics of each security.
Fixed-income securities are also subject to credit risk, prepayment risk, valuation risk, and liquidity
risk. Credit risk is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest and principal in a timely
manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the
price of a bond to decline.
Inflation Risk: Inflation risk involves the concern that in the future, your investment or proceeds
from your investment will not be worth what they are today. Throughout time, the prices of resources
and end-user products generally increase and thus, the same general goods and products today will
likely be more expensive in the future. The longer an investment is held, the greater the chance that
the proceeds from that investment will be worth less in the future than what they are today. Said
another way, a dollar tomorrow will likely get you less than what it can today.
Interest Rate Risk: Certain investments involve the payment of a fixed or variable rate of interest to
the investment holder. Once an investor has acquired or has acquired the rights to an investment that
pays a particular rate (fixed or variable) of interest, changes in overall interest rates in the market
will affect the value of the interest-paying investment(s) they hold. In general, changes in prevailing
interest rates in the market will have an inverse relationship to the value of existing, interest paying
investments. In other words, as interest rates move up, the value of an instrument paying a particular
rate (fixed or variable) of interest will go down. The reverse is generally true as well.
Legal/Regulatory Risk: Certain investments or the issuers of investments may be affected by
changes in state or federal laws or in the prevailing regulatory framework under which the
investment instrument or its issuer is regulated. Changes in the regulatory environment or tax laws
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can affect the performance of certain investments or issuers of those investments and thus, can have
a negative impact on the overall performance of such investments.
Liquidity Risk: Certain assets may not be readily converted into cash or may have a very limited
market in which they trade. Thus, you may experience the risk that your investment or assets within
your investment may not be able to be liquidated quickly, thus, extending the period of time by which
you may receive the proceeds from your investment. Liquidity risk can also result in unfavorable
pricing when exiting (i.e. not being able to quickly get out of an investment before the price drops
significantly) a particular investment and therefore, can have a negative impact on investment
returns.
Manager Risk: There is always the possibility that poor security selection will cause your
investments to underperform relative to benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment
objective.
Market Risk: The value of your portfolio may decrease if the value of an individual company or
multiple companies in the portfolio decreases or if our belief about a company’s intrinsic worth is
incorrect. Further, regardless of how well individual companies perform, the value of your portfolio
could also decrease if there are deteriorating economic or market conditions. It is important to
understand that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, in response to changes in
the market, and you could lose money. Investment risks include price risk as may be observed by a
drop in a security’s price due to company specific events (e.g. earnings disappointment or downgrade
in the rating of a bond) or general market risk (e.g. such as a “bear” market when stock values fall in
general). For fixed-income securities, a period of rising interest rates could erode the value of a bond
since bond values generally fall as bond yields go up. Past performance is not a guarantee of future
returns.
Market Timing Risk: Market timing can include high risk of loss since it looks at an aggregate market
versus a specific security. Timing risk explains the potential for missing out on beneficial movements
in price due to an error in timing. This could cause harm to the value of an investor's portfolio because
of purchasing too high or selling too low.
Operational Risk: Operational risk can be experienced when an issuer of an investment product is
unable to carry out the business it has planned to execute. Operational risk can be experienced as a
result of human failure, operational inefficiencies, system failures, or the failure of other processes
critical to the business operations of the issuer or counter party to the investment.
Options Risk: Options on securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than an
investment in the underlying securities. Purchasing and writing put and call options are highly
specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks.
Past Performance: Charting and technical analysis are often used interchangeably. Technical
analysis generally attempts to forecast an investment’s future potential by analyzing its past
performance and other related statistics. In particular, technical analysis often times involves an
evaluation of historical pricing and volume of a particular security for the purpose of forecasting
where future price and volume figures may go. As with any investment analysis method, technical
analysis runs the risk of not knowing the future and thus, investors should realize that even the most
diligent and thorough technical analysis cannot predict or guarantee the future performance of any
particular investment instrument or issuer thereof.
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Material, Significant or Unusual Risks
Our firm generally invests client cash balances in money market funds, FDIC Insured Certificates of
Deposit, high-grade commercial paper and/or government backed debt instruments. Ultimately, our
firm tries to achieve the highest return on client cash balances through relatively low-risk
conservative investments. In most cases, at least a partial cash balance will be maintained in a money
market account so that our firm may debit advisory fees for our services related to our
Comprehensive Portfolio Management services, as applicable.
Item 9: Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to the evaluation of our advisory business
or the integrity of our management.
Item 10: Other Financial Industry Activities & Affiliations
Representatives of our firm are Managing Members and/or insurance agents with Boulevard
Insurance Strategies, LLC, an affiliated insurance agency. As such, they may offer insurance products
and receive customary fees as a result of insurance sales. A conflict of interest may arise as these
insurance sales may create an incentive to recommend products based on the compensation earned.
Representatives of our firm are Registered Representatives of The Leaders Group, Inc., a registered
broker-dealer and member FINRA/SIPC. As such, they may offer and sell securities products for
which they would be paid a commission. A conflict of interest may arise as these securities sales may
create an incentive to recommend products or place trades based on the compensation earned.
Our firm maintains a business relationship with Dynasty Financial Partners, LLC (“Dynasty”), which
provides our firm with operational and back office support, including access to a network of service
providers. Through the Dynasty network of service providers, our firm has access to trading
technology, transition support, reporting, custody, brokerage, investments, compliance and other
related services. Our firm may also engage and/or recommend Dynasty’s subsidiary, Dynasty Wealth
Management LLC, a registered investment adviser, to clients for certain outsourced investment
services, such as separate account management, asset allocation strategies and externally managed
investment programs. While our firm believes this open architecture structure for both operational
and investment services best serves the interests of its Clients, this relationship may potentially
present certain conflicts of interest due to the fact that Dynasty is paid by our firm or its Clients for
the services referenced above. In light of the foregoing, our firm seeks at all times to ensure that any
material conflicts are addressed on a fully-disclosed basis and handled in a manner that is aligned
with Clients’ best interests. Our firm does not receive any portion of the fees paid directly to Dynasty,
its affiliates or the service providers made available through Dynasty’s platform. In addition, our firm
reviews all such relationships, including the service providers engaged through Dynasty, on an
ongoing basis in an effort to ensure clients are receiving competitive rates in relation to the quality
and scope of the services provided.
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Our firm has entered into an agreement with Dynasty Capital Strategies, LLC, a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Dynasty and an affiliate of Dynasty Wealth Management, LLC, a registered investment
adviser, to sell, via a note, an agreed percentage of the revenue generated by our firm and in return
receives a fixed amount of funds payable over an agreed time frame. Such funds may be used for
business transition expenses and other costs associated with launching operations and for business
expansion. Our firm is not obligated to enter into such a note in order to obtain other services from
Dynasty, however, such notes are only made available for advisers who remain members of the
Dynasty Network of registered investment advisers. The notes are subject to standard underwriting
practices by Dynasty and are based on commercially reasonable terms.
Dynasty’s subsidiary, Dynasty Wealth Management, LLC (“DWM”), a registered investment adviser,
also provides access to a range of investment services, including separately managed accounts
(“SMAs”), mutual fund and ETF asset allocation strategies and unified managed accounts (“UMAs”)
managed by external third-party managers (collectively the “Investment Programs”). Pricing
becomes more advantageous as assets increase, which may incentivize our firm to add additional
assets to the Investment Program. In light of the foregoing, our firm seeks at all times to ensure that
any such conflicts are addressed on a fully-disclosed basis and investment decisions are handled in a
manner that is aligned with its Clients’ best interests. Our firm does not receive any portion of the
fees paid to Dynasty or the service providers made available through its platform. Our firm reviews
all such relationships on an ongoing basis in an effort to ensure Clients are receiving competitive
rates in light of the services they receive.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in
Client Transactions & Personal Trading
As a fiduciary, it is an investment adviser’s responsibility to provide fair and full disclosure of all material
facts and to act solely in the best interest of each of our clients at all times. Our fiduciary duty is the
underlying principle for our firm’s Code of Ethics, which includes procedures for personal securities
transaction and insider trading. Our firm requires all representatives to conduct business with the
highest level of ethical standards and to comply with all federal and state securities laws at all times.
Upon employment with our firm, and at least annually thereafter, all representatives of our firm will
acknowledge receipt, understanding and compliance with our firm’s Code of Ethics. Our firm and
representatives must conduct business in an honest, ethical, and fair manner and avoid all circumstances
that might negatively affect or appear to affect our duty of complete loyalty to all clients. This disclosure
is provided to give all clients a summary of our Code of Ethics. If a client or a potential client wishes to
review our Code of Ethics in its entirety, a copy will be provided promptly upon request.
Our firm recognizes that the personal investment transactions of our representatives demands the
application of a Code of Ethics with high standards and requires that all such transactions be carried out
in a way that does not endanger the interest of any client. At the same time, our firm also believes that if
investment goals are similar for clients and for our representatives, it is logical, and even desirable, that
there be common ownership of some securities.
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In order to prevent conflicts of interest, our firm has established procedures for transactions effected by
our representatives for their personal accounts1. In order to monitor compliance with our personal
trading policy, our firm has pre-clearance requirements and a quarterly securities transaction reporting
system for all of our representatives.
Neither our firm nor a related person recommends, buys or sells for client accounts, securities in
which our firm or a related person has a material financial interest without prior disclosure to the
client.
Related persons of our firm may buy or sell securities and other investments that are also
recommended to clients. In order to minimize this conflict of interest, our related persons will place
client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of Ethics, a copy of which
is available upon request.
Likewise, related persons of our firm buy or sell securities for themselves at or about the same time they
buy or sell the same securities for client accounts. In order to minimize this conflict of interest, our
related persons will place client interests ahead of their own interests and adhere to our firm’s Code of
Ethics, a copy of which is available upon request. Further, our related persons will refrain from buying
or selling the same securities prior to buying or selling for our clients in the same day unless included in
a block trade.
Item 12: Brokerage Practices
While our firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets, we are deemed to have custody of
certain client assets if given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts (see Item 15
Custody, below). Client assets must be maintained in an account at a “qualified custodian,” generally
a broker-dealer or bank. Our firm recommends that clients use Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (“Schwab”),
a FINRA-registered broker-dealer, member SIPC, as the qualified custodian. Our firm is
independently owned and operated, and not affiliated with Schwab. Schwab will hold client assets in
a brokerage account and buy and sell securities when instructed. While our firm recommends that
clients use Schwab as custodian/broker, clients will decide whether to do so and open an account
with Schwab by entering into an account agreement directly with them. Our firm does not open the
account. Even though the account is maintained at Schwab, our firm can still use other brokers to
execute trades, as described in the next paragraph.
How Brokers/Custodians Are Selected
Our firm seeks to recommend a custodian/broker who will hold client assets and execute
transactions on terms that are overall most advantageous when compared to other available
providers and their services. A wide range of factors are considered, including, but not limited to:
•
•
combination of transaction execution services along with asset custody services (generally
without a separate fee for custody)
capability to execute, clear and settle trades (buy and sell securities for client accounts)
1 For purposes of the policy, our associate’s personal account generally includes any account (a) in the name of our associate, his/her spouse,
his/her minor children or other dependents residing in the same household, (b) for which our associate is a trustee or executor, or (c) which our
associate controls, including our client accounts which our associate controls and/or a member of his/her household has a direct or indirect
beneficial interest in.
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•
capabilities to facilitate transfers and payments to and from accounts (wire transfers, check
requests, bill payment, etc.)
• breadth of investment products made available (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange
traded funds (ETFs), etc.)
• availability of investment research and tools that assist in making investment decisions
• quality of services
•
competitiveness of the price of those services (commission rates, margin interest rates, other
fees, etc.) and willingness to negotiate them
reputation, financial strength and stability of the provider
•
• prior service to our firm and our other clients
• availability of other products and services that benefit our firm, as discussed below (see
“Products & Services Available from Schwab”)
Custody & Brokerage Costs
Schwab generally does not charge a separate fee for custody services, but is compensated by charging
commissions or other fees to clients on trades that are executed or that settle into the Schwab
account. For some accounts, Schwab may charge your account a percentage of the dollar amount of
assets in the account in lieu of commissions. Schwab’s commission rates and/or asset-based fees
applicable to client accounts were negotiated based on our firm’s commitment to maintain a
minimum threshold of assets in accounts at Schwab. This commitment benefits clients because the
overall commission rates and/or asset-based fees paid are lower than they would be if our firm had
not made the commitment. Schwab has eliminated transaction fees for U.S. listed equities and
exchange traded funds. In addition to commissions or asset-based fees Schwab charges a flat dollar
amount as a “prime broker” or “trade away” fee for each trade that our firm has executed by a
different broker-dealer but where the securities bought or the funds from the securities sold are
deposited (settled) into a Schwab account. These fees are in addition to the commissions or other
compensation paid to the executing broker-dealer. Because of this, in order to minimize client trading
costs, our firm has Schwab execute most trades for the accounts.
Products & Services Available from Schwab
Schwab Advisor Services (formerly called Schwab Institutional) is Schwab’s business serving
independent investment advisory firms like our firm. They provide our firm and clients with access
to its institutional brokerage – trading, custody, reporting and related services – many of which are
not typically available to Schwab retail customers. Schwab also makes available various support
services. Some of those services help manage or administer our client accounts while others help
manage and grow our business. Schwab’s support services are generally available on an unsolicited
basis (our firm does not have to request them) and at no charge as long as out firm keeps a total of at
least $10 million of client assets in accounts at Schwab. If our firm has less than $10 million in client
assets at Schwab, our firm may be charged quarterly service fees. Here is a more detailed description
of Schwab’s support services:
Services that Benefit Clients
Schwab’s institutional brokerage services include access to a broad range of investment products,
execution of securities transactions, and custody of client assets. The investment products available
through Schwab include some to which out firm might not otherwise have access or that would
require a significantly higher minimum initial investment by firm clients. Schwab’s services
described in this paragraph generally benefit clients and their accounts.
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Services that May Not Directly Benefit Clients
Schwab also makes available other products and services that benefit our firm but may not directly
benefit clients or their accounts. These products and services assist in managing and administering
our client accounts. They include investment research, both Schwab’s and that of third parties. This
research may be used to service all or some substantial number of client accounts, including accounts
not maintained at Schwab. In addition to investment research, Schwab also makes available software
and other technology that:
• provides access to client account data (such as duplicate trade confirmations and account
statements);
facilitates trade execution and allocate aggregated trade orders for multiple client accounts;
facilitates payment of our fees from our clients’ accounts; and
•
• provides pricing and other market data;
•
• assists with back-office functions, recordkeeping and client reporting.
Services that Generally Benefit Only Our Firm
Schwab also offers other services intended to help manage and further develop our business
enterprise. These services include:
technology, compliance, legal, and business consulting;
• educational conferences and events;
•
• publications and conferences on practice management and business succession; and
• access to employee benefits providers, human capital consultants and insurance providers.
Schwab may provide some of these services itself. In other cases, Schwab will arrange for third-party
vendors to provide the services to our firm. Schwab may also discount or waive fees for some of these
services or pay all or a part of a third party’s fees. Schwab may also provide our firm with other
benefits, such as occasional business entertainment for our personnel. Irrespective of direct or
indirect benefits to our client through Schwab, our firm strives to enhance the client experience, help
clients reach their goals and put client interests before that of our firm or associated persons.
Our Interest in Schwab’s Services
The availability of these services from Schwab benefits our firm because out firm does not have to
produce or purchase them. Our firm does not have to pay for Schwab’s services so long as a total of
at least $10 million of client assets in accounts are kept at Schwab. Beyond that, these services are
not contingent upon our firm committing any specific amount of business to Schwab in trading
commissions or assets in custody. The $10 million minimum may serve as an incentive to recommend
that clients maintain their account with Schwab based on our interest in receiving Schwab’s services
that benefit our business rather than based on the client’s interest in receiving the best value in
custody services and the most favorable execution of transactions. This is a potential conflict of
interest. Our firm believes, however, that the selection of Schwab as custodian and broker is in the
best interests of our clients. It is primarily supported by the scope, quality and price of Schwab’s
services (based on the factors discussed above – see “How Brokers/Custodians Are Selected”) and not
Schwab’s services that benefit only our firm.
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Client Brokerage Commissions
Schwab does not make client brokerage commissions generated by client transactions available for
our firm’s use. Our firm does not direct client transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for
soft dollar benefits. Our firm does not receive brokerage for client referrals.
Directed Brokerage
In certain instances, clients may seek to limit or restrict our discretionary authority in making the
determination of the brokers with whom orders for the purchase or sale of securities are placed for
execution, and the commission rates at which such securities transactions are effected. Clients may
seek to limit our authority in this area by directing that transactions (or some specified percentage
of transactions) be executed through specified brokers in return for portfolio evaluation or other
services deemed by the client to be of value. Any such client direction must be in writing (often
through our advisory agreement), and may contain a representation from the client that the
arrangement is permissible under its governing laws and documents, if this is relevant.
Our firm provides appropriate disclosure in writing to clients who direct trades to particular brokers,
that with respect to their directed trades, they will be treated as if they have retained the investment
discretion that our firm otherwise would have in selecting brokers to effect transactions and in
negotiating commissions and that such direction may adversely affect our ability to obtain best price
and execution. In addition, our firm will inform clients in writing that the trade orders may not be
aggregated with other clients’ orders and that direction of brokerage may hinder best execution.
Special Considerations for ERISA Clients
A retirement or ERISA plan client may direct all or part of portfolio transactions for its account
through a specific broker or dealer in order to obtain goods or services on behalf of the plan. Such
direction is permitted provided that the goods and services provided are reasonable expenses of the
plan incurred in the ordinary course of its business for which it otherwise would be obligated and
empowered to pay. ERISA prohibits directed brokerage arrangements when the goods or services
purchased are not for the exclusive benefit of the plan. Consequently, our firm will request that plan
sponsors who direct plan brokerage provide us with a letter documenting that this arrangement will
be for the exclusive benefit of the plan.
Aggregation of Purchase or Sale
Our firm provides investment management services for various clients. There are occasions on which
portfolio transactions may be executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the same
security for numerous accounts served by our firm, which involve accounts with similar investment
objectives. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either advantageous or
disadvantageous to any one or more particular accounts, they are affected only when our firm believes
that to do so will be in the best interest of the effected accounts. When such concurrent authorizations
occur, the objective is to allocate the executions in a manner which is deemed equitable to the accounts
involved. In any given situation, our firm attempts to allocate trade executions in the most equitable
manner possible, taking into consideration client objectives, current asset allocation and availability of
funds using price averaging, proration and consistently non-arbitrary methods of allocation.
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Item 13: Review of Accounts or Financial Plans
Our management personnel or financial advisors review accounts on at least an annual basis for our
Portfolio Management clients. The nature of these reviews is to learn whether client accounts are in
line with their investment objectives, appropriately positioned based on market conditions, and
investment policies, if applicable. Our firm does not provide written reports to clients, unless asked
to do so. Verbal reports to clients take place on at least an annual basis when our Portfolio
Management clients are contacted. Our firm may review client accounts more frequently than
described above. Among the factors which may trigger an off-cycle review are major market or
economic events, the client’s life events, requests by the client, etc.
Financial Planning clients do not receive reviews of their written plans unless they take action to
schedule a financial consultation with us. Our firm does not provide ongoing services to financial
planning clients, but are willing to meet with such clients upon their request to discuss updates to
their plans, changes in their circumstances, etc. Financial Planning clients do not receive written or
verbal updated reports regarding their financial plans unless they separately engage our firm for a
post-financial plan meeting or update to their initial written financial plan.
Item 14: Client Referrals & Other Compensation
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.
Our firm receives economic benefit from Schwab in the form of the support products and services
made available to our firm and other independent investment advisors that have their clients
maintain accounts at Schwab. These products and services, how they benefit out firm, and the related
conflicts of interest are described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). The availability of
Schwab’s products and services is not based on our firm giving particular investment advice, such as
buying particular securities for our clients.
Dynasty Financial Partners, LLC
Dynasty has assisted our firm in negotiating or facilitating payments from Schwab in the form of
credits to be applied toward qualifying third-party service provider expenses incurred in relation to
transition costs or the provision of core services. This may include, but is not limited to, support of
our firm’s research, marketing, technology or software platforms. In some instances, Dynasty may
serve in an administrative capacity to support the disbursement of these funds furnished by the
Schwab.
Referral Fees
Our firm does not pay referral fees (non-commission based) to independent solicitors (non-
registered representatives) for the referral of their clients to our firm in accordance with Rule 206
(4)-3 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
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Item 15: Custody
While our firm does not maintain physical custody of client assets (which are maintained by a
qualified custodian, as discussed above), we are deemed to have custody of certain client assets if
given the authority to withdraw assets from client accounts, as further described below under
“Standing Instructions.” All our clients receive account statements directly from their qualified
custodian(s) at least quarterly upon opening of an account. We urge our clients to carefully review
these statements. Additionally, if our firm decides to send its own account statements to clients, such
statements will include a legend that recommends the client compare the account statements
received from the qualified custodian with those received from our firm. Clients are encouraged to
raise any questions with us about the custody, safety or security of their assets and our custodial
recommendations.
Standing Instructions
On February 21, 2017, the SEC issued a no‐action letter (“Letter”) with respect to Rule 206(4)‐2
(“Custody Rule”) under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). The letter provided
guidance on the Custody Rule as well as clarified that an adviser who has the power to disburse client
funds to a third party under a standing letter of instruction (“SLOA”) is deemed to have custody. As
such, our firm has adopted the following safeguards in conjunction with our custodian:
• The client provides an instruction to the qualified custodian, in writing, that includes
the client’s signature, the third party’s name, and either the third party’s address or the
third party’s account number at a custodian to which the transfer should be directed.
• The client authorizes the investment adviser, in writing, either on the qualified
custodian’s form or separately, to direct transfers to the third party either on a specified
schedule or from time to time.
• The client’s qualified custodian performs appropriate verification of the instruction,
such as a signature review or other method to verify the client’s authorization, and
provides a transfer of funds notice to the client promptly after each transfer.
• The client has the ability to terminate or change the instruction to the client’s qualified
custodian.
• The investment adviser has no authority or ability to designate or change the identity
of the third party, the address, or any other information about the third party contained
in the client’s instruction.
• The investment adviser maintains records showing that the third party is not a related
party of the investment adviser or located at the same address as the investment
adviser.
• The client’s qualified custodian sends the client, in writing, an initial notice confirming
the instruction and an annual notice reconfirming the instruction.
Item 16: Investment Discretion
Clients have the option of providing our firm with investment discretion on their behalf, pursuant to
an executed investment advisory client agreement. By granting investment discretion, our firm is
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authorized to execute securities transactions, determine which securities are bought and sold, and
the total amount to be bought and sold. Limitations may be imposed by the client in the form of
specific constraints on any of these areas of discretion with our firm’s written acknowledgement.
Item 17: Voting Client Securities
Our firm does not accept the proxy authority to vote client securities. Clients will receive proxies or
other solicitations directly from their custodian or a transfer agent. In the event that proxies are sent
to our firm, our firm will forward them to the appropriate client and ask the party who sent them to
mail them directly to the client in the future. Clients may call, write or email us to discuss questions
they may have about particular proxy votes or other solicitations.
Item 18: Financial Information
Our firm has never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding. Our firm is not required to provide
financial information in this Brochure because:
• Our firm does not require the prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees when services cannot
be rendered within 6 months.
• Our firm does not have a financial condition that might impair our ability to meet contractual
commitments.
• Our firm does not take physical custody of client funds or securities.
• Our firm has never been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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